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Journal articles on the topic 'Figure-ground'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Seán Gaffney, PhD. "Figure/Ground." Gestalt Review 19, no. 3 (2015): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/gestaltreview.19.3.0267.

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2

Milton, Chris. "Figure and Ground." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2013.18.

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An enquiry into “what analysis is” benefits from consideration of the phenomenology of analysis. Drawing on the experience of becoming and being an analyst, as well as using fictionalised case material, this enquiry reveals analysis phenomenologically as a process of living encounter with the unconscious. The unconscious manifests in many different ways each of which provides an opportunity for such encounter. By contrast, much of psychotherapy practice is a process that focuses on the client’s narrative and formulations of that narrative rather than on a process of the manifestation and encounter with the unconscious. In this article I argue that these processes shift back and forth in the manner of figure and ground and that analysis occurs when there is an equilibrium point between these two processes which itself moves more towards facilitating the manifestation of, and encounter with, the unconscious than towards narrative and formulation. Waitara He pakirehua i te “he aha te tātaritanga” ngā painga o te whakaarotanga ki te whakawā tātaritanga. Kia huri ake ki te wheako o te huringa hei kaitātari me te mahi kaitātari i tua atu i te whakamahinga rauemi paki, ka whakaatuhia e tēnei pakirehua he tātaritanga whakawā hei takinga tūtakitanga kaiao ki te mauri moe. He maha ngā momo āhua o te mauri moe, ā, ia āhua he whakaratonga tautauāmoa mō taua tūtakitanga. Hei whakatauritenga ake, he maha ngā mahi whakaora hinengaro, he takinga arotahi ki te paki a te kiritaki me ngā whakahiatonga o taua kōrero tē aro kē ki te takinga o te whakamāramtanga me te tūtakitanga ki te mauri moe. I roto i tēnei tuhinga e whakapae ana au ka neke whakamua, whakamuri ēnei takinga pērā anō i te āhua me te papa ā, ka puea ake te tātaritanga inā tau te waikanaetanga ki ēnei takinga, ā, ka whakapiri atu ki te whakatau i te whakamāramtanga, me te tūtakitanga ki te mauri moe kaua ki te paki me te whakahiatonga.
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3

Peterson, Mary, and Elizabeth Salvagio. "Figure-ground perception." Scholarpedia 5, no. 4 (2010): 4320. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.4320.

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4

Mattson, John. "Figure and Ground." Pleiades: Literature in Context 39, no. 1 (2019): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2019.0008.

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5

Socarides, Alexandra. "Figure Ground Reversal." Twentieth-Century Literature 57, no. 1 (2011): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-2011-2011.

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6

Houtkamp, R., and P. R. Roelfsema. "Figure-ground and figure-figure segregation in curve tracing." Journal of Vision 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/4.8.199.

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7

Fleming, R. W., A. Williams, and B. L. Anderson. "Resolving figure-ground ambiguity." Journal of Vision 2, no. 7 (March 15, 2010): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.7.90.

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8

Amir, Arnon, and M. Lindenbaum. "Ground from Figure Discrimination." Computer Vision and Image Understanding 76, no. 1 (October 1999): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cviu.1999.0786.

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9

Berenbaum, Howard. "Separating Figure From Ground." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 7 (July 1991): 610–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029941.

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10

McWilliams, Spencer A. "Turning Ground Into Figure." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 37, no. 7 (July 1992): 640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/032315.

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11

Brown, James M., and Richard W. Plummer. "When figure–ground segregation fails: Exploring antagonistic interactions in figure–ground perception." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 7 (July 19, 2020): 3618–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02097-w.

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12

Ralph, Brandon C. W., Paul Seli, Vivian O. Y. Cheng, Grayden J. F. Solman, and Daniel Smilek. "Running the figure to the ground: Figure-ground segmentation during visual search." Vision Research 97 (April 2014): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2014.02.005.

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13

Nelson, R. A. "Attention and Figure/Ground Segregation." Journal of Vision 3, no. 9 (March 18, 2010): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.764.

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14

Kandil, Farid I., and Manfred Fahle. "Purely temporal figure-ground segregation." European Journal of Neuroscience 13, no. 10 (May 2001): 2004–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01573.x.

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15

Miller, Richard. "EDUCATIONAL FIGURE AND ARCHITECTURAL GROUND." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 128, no. 2 (December 16, 2006): 704–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb11686.x.

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16

Kuo, Ying-Miao, Hung-Kuo Chu, Ming-Te Chi, Ruen-Rone Lee, and Tong-Yee Lee. "Generating Ambiguous Figure-Ground Images." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 23, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 1534–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2535331.

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17

Aguiar, P. M. Q., and J. M. F. Moura. "Figure-ground segmentation from occlusion." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 14, no. 8 (August 2005): 1109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2005.851712.

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18

Papathomas, Thomas V., Sotirios C. Kitsopoulos, and Jonathan I. Helfman. "Arrows-Anchors: Figure-Ground Reversals." Perception 18, no. 5 (October 1989): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180689.

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19

Vecera, Shaun P., and Stephen E. Palmer. "Grounding the figure: Surface attachment influences figure-ground organization." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 13, no. 4 (August 2006): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193963.

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20

Salvagio, Elizabeth, Laura Cacciamani, and Mary A. Peterson. "Competition-strength-dependent ground suppression in figure–ground perception." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 74, no. 5 (March 3, 2012): 964–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0280-5.

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21

Zusne, Leonard. "Visual Figure-Ground and Perceptual Stability." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 2 (October 1993): 564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.2.564.

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A conceptual model that relates all forms of multistable figures is presented. It has the form of a tetrahedron whose faces and edges represent the variables of information contained in the ground, in the figure-ground relationship, in the extent of organization of the ground, and meaningfulness.
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22

Kleinschmidt, A., C. Büchel, C. Hutton, and R. S. J. Frackowiak. "Hysteresis Effects in Figure-Ground Segmentation." NeuroImage 7, no. 4 (May 1998): S356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31189-3.

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23

Herzog, Michael H., Sabine Kopmann, and Andreas Brand. "Intact figure-ground segmentation in schizophrenia." Psychiatry Research 129, no. 1 (November 2004): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2004.06.008.

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24

Rubin, Nava. "Figure and ground in the brain." Nature Neuroscience 4, no. 9 (September 2001): 857–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0901-857.

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25

Thierman, J. S., S. P. Vecera, and S. E. Palmer. "Reference frames in figure-ground organization." Journal of Vision 6, no. 6 (March 24, 2010): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/6.6.753.

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26

Rosin, Paul L. "Comments on “ground from figure discrimination”." Pattern Recognition Letters 24, no. 15 (November 2003): 2761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(03)00119-3.

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27

WAGNER, Roy. "Figure-ground reversal among the Barok." HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 2, no. 1 (March 2012): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14318/hau2.1.024.

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28

BERNARD, JANINE M. "Laura Perls: From Ground to Figure." Journal of Counseling & Development 64, no. 6 (February 1986): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1986.tb01136.x.

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29

Sawada, T., and Z. Pizlo. "Figure-ground organization of 3D stimuli." Journal of Vision 13, no. 9 (July 25, 2013): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.118.

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30

Tang, Xiangyu, and Christoph von der Malsburg. "Figure-Ground Separation by Cue Integration." Neural Computation 20, no. 6 (June 2008): 1452–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.03-06-176.

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This letter presents an improved cue integration approach to reliably separate coherent moving objects from their background scene in video sequences. The proposed method uses a probabilistic framework to unify bottom-up and top-down cues in a parallel, “democratic” fashion. The algorithm makes use of a modified Bayes rule where each pixel's posterior probabilities of figure or ground layer assignment are derived from likelihood models of three bottom-up cues and a prior model provided by a top-down cue. Each cue is treated as independent evidence for figure-ground separation. They compete with and complement each other dynamically by adjusting relative weights from frame to frame according to cue quality measured against the overall integration. At the same time, the likelihood or prior models of individual cues adapt toward the integrated result. These mechanisms enable the system to organize under the influence of visual scene structure without manual intervention. A novel contribution here is the incorporation of a top-down cue. It improves the system's robustness and accuracy and helps handle difficult and ambiguous situations, such as abrupt lighting changes or occlusion among multiple objects. Results on various video sequences are demonstrated and discussed. (Video demos are available at http://organic.usc.edu:8376/∼tangx/neco/index.html .)
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31

Rack, M. Christine, and M. Christine Rack. "Psyche and image: Figure/ground relationships." Arts in Psychotherapy 18, no. 2 (January 1991): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-4556(91)90016-4.

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32

Likova, Lora T., and Christopher W. Tyler. "Occipital network for figure/ground organization." Experimental Brain Research 189, no. 3 (July 5, 2008): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1417-6.

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33

Turner, Phil. "The figure and ground of engagement." AI & SOCIETY 29, no. 1 (December 6, 2012): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00146-012-0439-6.

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34

Davis, Janet, H. R. Schiffman, and Suzanne Greist-Bousquet. "Semantic context and figure-ground organization." Psychological Research 52, no. 4 (1990): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00868062.

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35

Ramachandran, V. S., and Stuart Anstis. "Figure-ground segregation modulates apparent motion." Vision Research 26, no. 12 (January 1986): 1969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(86)90122-7.

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36

Shen, Huiying, James Coughlan, and Volodymyr Ivanchenko. "Figure-ground segmentation using factor graphs." Image and Vision Computing 27, no. 7 (June 2009): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2009.02.006.

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37

Anselmo, Sandra. "Developing visual comprehension: Figure-ground discrimination." Day Care & Early Education 12, no. 3 (March 1985): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01620064.

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38

MacEachren, A. M., and T. A. Mistrick. "The role of brightness differences in figure-ground: is darker figure?" Cartographic Journal 29, no. 2 (December 1992): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/caj.1992.29.2.91.

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39

Jones, Helen E., Ian M. Andolina, Stewart D. Shipp, Daniel L. Adams, Javier Cudeiro, Thomas E. Salt, and Adam M. Sillito. "Figure-ground modulation in awake primate thalamus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 22 (April 21, 2015): 7085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405162112.

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Figure-ground discrimination refers to the perception of an object, the figure, against a nondescript background. Neural mechanisms of figure-ground detection have been associated with feedback interactions between higher centers and primary visual cortex and have been held to index the effect of global analysis on local feature encoding. Here, in recordings from visual thalamus of alert primates, we demonstrate a robust enhancement of neuronal firing when the figure, as opposed to the ground, component of a motion-defined figure-ground stimulus is located over the receptive field. In this paradigm, visual stimulation of the receptive field and its near environs is identical across both conditions, suggesting the response enhancement reflects higher integrative mechanisms. It thus appears that cortical activity generating the higher-order percept of the figure is simultaneously reentered into the lowest level that is anatomically possible (the thalamus), so that the signature of the evolving representation of the figure is imprinted on the input driving it in an iterative process.
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40

Park, Meekyung. "Research on Meaning Shift of Figure-Ground." Journal of Linguistics Science 83 (December 31, 2017): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21296/jls.2017.12.83.115.

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41

Vecera, Shaun P. "The reference frame of figure-ground assignment." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 11, no. 5 (October 2004): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196720.

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42

Ying Yang, Michael, and Bodo Rosenhahn. "SUPERPIXEL CUT FOR FIGURE-GROUND IMAGE SEGMENTATION." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 6, 2016): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-3-387-2016.

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Figure-ground image segmentation has been a challenging problem in computer vision. Apart from the difficulties in establishing an effective framework to divide the image pixels into meaningful groups, the notions of figure and ground often need to be properly defined by providing either user inputs or object models. In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based segmentation framework, called superpixel cut. The key idea is to formulate foreground segmentation as finding a subset of superpixels that partitions a graph over superpixels. The problem is formulated as Min-Cut. Therefore, we propose a novel cost function that simultaneously minimizes the inter-class similarity while maximizing the intra-class similarity. This cost function is optimized using parametric programming. After a small learning step, our approach is fully automatic and fully bottom-up, which requires no high-level knowledge such as shape priors and scene content. It recovers coherent components of images, providing a set of multiscale hypotheses for high-level reasoning. We evaluate our proposed framework by comparing it to other generic figure-ground segmentation approaches. Our method achieves improved performance on state-of-the-art benchmark databases.
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43

Hulleman, Johan, Luan Gedamke, and Glyn W. Humphreys. "The time course of figure-ground reversal." Perception & Psychophysics 67, no. 4 (May 2005): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193517.

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44

Inkson, Kerr. "Careers and Organisations: A Figure–Ground Problem." Journal of Management & Organization 10, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200004570.

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ABSTRACTThis paper argues that people's careers have great personal significance for them and energise much organisational activity, but that in the context of organisations and management they often appear irrelevant. Contrasting career metaphors are used to show how careers develop through tensions between organisational and social structure, and individual agency. The findings of a New Zealand research study show how new flexibilities and ambiguities in economic and organisation structures result in people developing careers which, like the Australasian “Big O.E.” institution, are mobile, improvisational, and learning-based. A reflexive model is used to show how careers can create organisations as well as vice versa. The implications of new career theories for workers, managers and management educators are indicated. Greater appreciation of career dynamics results in the subversion of some traditional management ideas and the development of new models of self- and organisational management.
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45

Dimiccoli, Mariella. "Figure–ground segregation: A fully nonlocal approach." Vision Research 126 (September 2016): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.007.

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46

Ying Yang, Michael, and Bodo Rosenhahn. "SUPERPIXEL CUT FOR FIGURE-GROUND IMAGE SEGMENTATION." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 6, 2016): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-3-387-2016.

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Figure-ground image segmentation has been a challenging problem in computer vision. Apart from the difficulties in establishing an effective framework to divide the image pixels into meaningful groups, the notions of figure and ground often need to be properly defined by providing either user inputs or object models. In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based segmentation framework, called superpixel cut. The key idea is to formulate foreground segmentation as finding a subset of superpixels that partitions a graph over superpixels. The problem is formulated as Min-Cut. Therefore, we propose a novel cost function that simultaneously minimizes the inter-class similarity while maximizing the intra-class similarity. This cost function is optimized using parametric programming. After a small learning step, our approach is fully automatic and fully bottom-up, which requires no high-level knowledge such as shape priors and scene content. It recovers coherent components of images, providing a set of multiscale hypotheses for high-level reasoning. We evaluate our proposed framework by comparing it to other generic figure-ground segmentation approaches. Our method achieves improved performance on state-of-the-art benchmark databases.
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47

Skiera, G., D. Petersen, M. Skalej, and M. Fahle. "Correlates of figure-ground segregation in fMRI." Vision Research 40, no. 15 (July 2000): 2047–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00038-9.

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48

Kim, Y. G. "Figure-ground inversion by neon-color spreading." Journal of Vision 14, no. 10 (August 22, 2014): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.86.

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49

Heydt, R. "Figure-ground organization in the visual cortex." Journal of Vision 3, no. 12 (March 28, 2010): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.12.16.

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50

Vecera, S. P., A. V. Flevaris, and J. C. Filapek. "Exogenous spatial attention influences figure-ground assignment." Journal of Vision 3, no. 9 (March 18, 2010): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.763.

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