Relevant bibliographies by topics / Figures of speech

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Figures of speech'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Figures of speech"

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Lepore, Ernie, and Matthew Stone. "Figures of speech." Philosophers' Magazine, no. 56 (2012): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20125610.

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Hill, W. Nick, Enrique Lihn, and Dave Oliphant. "Figures of Speech." World Literature Today 75, no. 1 (2001): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40156485.

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Barcelona, Antonio. "Figures of Speech." Journal of Pragmatics 38, no. 2 (2006): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.02.005.

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Sullivan, Dennis J. "Figures of Speech." Annals of Internal Medicine 133, no. 9 (2000): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00017.

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Grosholz, Emily, and Edward Rothstein. "Figures of Speech and Figures of Thought." Mathematical Intelligencer 42, no. 2 (2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-019-09937-0.

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Mujiatti, Mujiatti. "MAJAS DALAM LIRIK LAGU OPICK ALBUM CAHAYA HATI: TINJAUAN STILISTIKA." Puitika 18, no. 1 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/puitika.18.1.20-33.2022.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjelaskan majas pada lirik lagu Opick album Cahaya Hati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengetahui bentuk majas yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu Opick album Cahaya Hati, (2) mengetahui makna majas dalam lirik lagu Opick album Cahaya Hati.Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa kelima lagu Opick pada album Cahaya Hati memiliki lima jenis majas, yaitu majas aliterasi, asonansi, personifikasi, metafora, dan majas hiperbola. Majas asonansi terdapat sebanyak 13 majas, majas aliterasi terdapat sebanyak 7 majas, Majas metafora terdapat sebanyak sepuluh majas, majas hiperbola terdapat sebanyak satu majas, dan majas personifikasi sebanyak 4 majas. This research was conducted to explain the figure of speech in the lyrics of the song Opick album Cahaya Hati. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the form of figure of speech contained in the lyrics of the song Opick album Cahaya Hati, (2) find out the meaning of the figure of speech in the lyrics of the song Opick album Cahaya Hati.Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the five Opick songs on the Cahaya Hati album have five types of figure of speech, namely alliteration figure of speech, assonance, personification, metaphor, and hyperbole figure of speech. There are 13 assonance figures of speech, 7 alliteration figures of speech, ten of metaphorical figures of speech, one hyperbole figure of speech, and 4 personifications of personification.
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Fitrah, Rizka Amalia, and Novia Juita. "The Use of Non-Comparative Figure of Speech in The Snack Advertisements on Indonesian Television as The Learning Materials in School." QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama 14, no. 2 (2022): 467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v14i2.3422.

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This study aims to develop the theory of linguistics and find out the use of the figures speech contained in snack advertisements and to assist students in achieving the optimal learning objectives so that they are proficient in determining themes, using appropriate diction and figure of speech and interesting forms of writing in writing advertisement. This was a qualitative study using descriptive methods. The research data were in the form of advertisement texts spoken by the advertising stars and the line's slogan. Data were collected by using the method of listening to the note-taking technique. An interactive analysis model was used to analyze the data. The data validation in the form of a triangulation technique was used in this study. The findings showed that there were thirty advertisements for snacks and one hundred and forty-five data containing non-comparative figures of speech. The most dominant type of non-comparative figure of speech was ninety-seven hyperboles. Thus, it can be concluded that there are several important things from the research results, namely the use of other figures of speech, the form of a figure of speech, and the meaning of non-comparative figures of speech in snack advertisements on Indonesian television.
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ODJOLA, Régina Véronique. "LA VALEUR LINGUISTIQUE DE L’HYPERBOLE DANS LA LITTÉRATURE AFRICAINE." Cahiers Africains de rhétorique 1, no. 2 (2022): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55595/rvo2022.

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The French language is also rich through its aesthetics - that is, its good use – only in the various parts of speech that do not consider its norm. These deviations, which are not accepted but no longer formally prohibited in the use of the language french, are more than expressive. We find them both in literary works and in daily conversations. Among the figures of rhetoric, or figures of speech or even figures of style, we have the figures of construction, the figures of sound, the figures of meaning. This the latter play an important role in speeches, and they give rise to many questions that have not yet been answered satisfactorily. These questions concern several theoretical and defining aspects of hyperbole through literary works are relating to the actualization of this figure and from a linguistic approach. Keywords: Linguistic approach, speech, figures of speech, hyperbole, literary works
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Ambalegin, Ambalegin, and Tomi Arianto. "FIGURES OF SPEECH REFLECTING LOATHING." JURNAL BASIS 7, no. 2 (2020): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/basisupb.v7i2.2487.

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This descriptive qualitative research identified briefly the figurative expressions on Donald Trump’s tweeter post. It used Abrams and Harpham’s theory. This research applied observational method and non-participation technique in collecting the data. Then, this research applied semantic identity method and semantic-competence in equalizing to analyze the data. The figure of similarity found mostly in the comments or responses. There were expressions of simile, metaphor, allusion, and personification. The comments or responses mostly compared the one to the other living or non-living things to express how loathe the writers of comments. The figures of speech criticized the one’s works and acts. On the other hand, the expressions attacked the face (FTA). Previously, the figures of speech were used in the literary works to show the expression aesthetically. But now, the freedom to express the ideas makes the figures of speech not only to show the ‘sweet and smooth’ language but also ‘rude’ language.
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Meriska Yosiana. "FIGURE OF SPEECH IN ENGLISH CHILDREN SONG LYRICS." Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 1, no. 2 (2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/jushpen.v1i2.177.

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Figure of speech or Figurative language, which is usually used in poem, prose, song lyrics and other literary works is interesting because it has implied meaning behind the words. The researcher chooses this topic because it is very unique and tricky to know the meaning not only literally, but also non-literally. This research has two aims, they are to find out the figure of speech found in English Children Song Lyrics and to find out the most dominant the figure of speech found in English Children Song Lyrics. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. In this research, the descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze figures of speech in English Children Song Lyrics. The sources of data in this research were taken from the lyrics of English Children songs. The results of this research are from the 10 English children song lyrics, there are 23 figures of speech which are found in the English children song lyrics. The figures of speech that are found are similes (3 data), metaphors (4 data), personification (9 data), symbols (2 data), and hyperbole (5 data). The most dominant figure of speech found in the English Children Song Lyrics is personification.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Figures of speech"

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Anderson, Ehry. "Figures of speech." Thesis, Boston University, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37999.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>2031-01-01
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Monteiro, Loreta Russo. "Figuras de linguagem: da retórica à aula de língua portuguesa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-10052017-142524/.

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Esta pesquisa insere-se nos estudos sobre o ensino de língua portuguesa, visando a um conteúdo específico as figuras de linguagem, as quais, a nosso ver, não podem ser consideradas acessórias em um texto, uma vez que são elementos da enunciação. Nesse sentido, este trabalho se coloca na contramão do confinamento das figuras de linguagem à gramática, que herdou inúmeras reduções pelas quais passou a retórica; e também na contramão dos que veem o estilo como desvio, ou seja, como algo especial em determinados gêneros e em determinados autores. Na verdade, as figuras de linguagem estão no interior dos textos verbais e visuais de diversos gêneros do discurso, sendo elas um fator determinante para a produção de sentidos. Tendo em vista isso, propusemos a descrição e a análise de como as figuras de linguagem e as percepções de estilo, no uso da língua escrita, são concebidas pelo professor, segundo as teorias de ensino de língua mobilizadas por ele. Nossa pesquisa concentra-se nas concepções dos professores sobre as figuras de linguagem e o ensino das figuras, descritas e analisadas de forma qualitativa a partir de um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, aplicado a 13 professores de português do ensino médio. Para tal análise, buscamos aporte teórico na retórica clássica, na Nova Retórica, na teoria do Círculo de Bakhtin e na teoria socioconstrutivista de Vigotski. Tendo sido concluída a pesquisa, podemos afirmar que professores de perfil semelhante ao de nossos informantes graduação e pós-graduação na área de Letras possuem representações teóricas que propiciam uma abordagem discursiva das figuras. Não se pode mais, hoje, concebê-las como aquilo que é acidental ou mero ornamento, como algo a mais (BARTHES, 1975, p. 167). Em outras palavras, docentes experientes e de formação sólida têm em seu projeto didático ensinar as figuras sob o enfoque estilístico e discursivo. Além disso, a formação acadêmica contínua (do professor-pesquisador, sem perder de vista a prática) favorece uma maior abertura para as teorias linguísticodiscursivas.<br>This research is part of the studies within the teaching of Portuguese Language, directed towards a specific content - figures of speech -, generally taught in the 1st grade of High Schools in Brazil. We have proposed the description and analysis of how figures of speech and perceptions of style in the use of written language are conceived and promoted by teachers according to the theories of language teaching. Our research focuses on the teachers\' conceptions about figures of speech and the teaching of figures, described and analyzed in a qualitative way from a questionnaire with open and closed questions, applied to 13 Portuguese high school teachers. For this analysis, we search for theoretical input in Classical Rhetoric, New Rhetoric, Bakhtin\'s Discourse Analysis and Vygotsky\'s socioconstructivist theory. Having concluded the research, we can assert that teachers with a similar profile to that of our respondents - recent undergraduate and graduate courses, especially in public institutions - have theoretical representations that propose a discursive approach to the figures. Nowadays, it is no longer possible to regard them as accidental or mere adornment, as something else (BARTHES 1975, 167). In other words, experienced teachers with solid preparation hold in their didactic project the teaching of figures under the stylistic and discursive approach. Moreover, the current and ongoing academic formation (of the researcher-teacher, without obliterating their practice) supports an openness to the most recent linguistic-discursive theories and new teaching practices.
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Shen, Li. "Third foot or fifth wheel a comparison of figurative language in Chinese and English persuasive essays written by Mandarin-speaking advanced EFL students /." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 1996. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9701510.

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Topping, Margaret Eileen. "Christian and mythological figures of speech in the works of Marcel Proust." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244230.

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Kansa, Metee. "Body part-related metaphors in Thai and English." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1259310.

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The study of body part metaphors provides a convenient way to examine human conceptual structuring because we start from what we as humans share. This study collected and compared Thai and English body part metaphors: one hundred and eighty-four English body part expressions and four hundred and eighty-eight Thai body part expressions were considered.The data are discussed in terms of the body part involved, the underlying conceptual metaphors, and syntactic and morphological form. The data show that basically, Thai and English share many conceptual metaphors, and there are a number of equivalent expressions in both languages, such as hua-hoog [head-spear] `spearhead', and waan-caj [sweet-heart] `sweetheart.' Furthermore, it was found that most body part metaphors are built on three different aspects of body parts: physical constitution, location and nature of involvement. In some contexts, more than one of these bases is involved in the same expression.Other similarities include sharing some of the same morphological and syntactic forms, using the same body parts; relative frequency of individual body parts; having completely equivalent expressions, and having pairs of opposite expressions. Differences involve having some different morphological and syntactic forms; the number of conventional body part metaphors found in translation-equivalent texts, with Thai having many more than English; a difference between the two languages in distribution across written vs. spoken texts; having similarly glossed expressions with different metaphorical meanings; level of markedness for an otherwise equivalent expression; and degree of explicitness in the components of an expression.Finally, applications of the findings to the teaching of English to Thai speakers and vice versa are discussed. I conclude that systematic attention to the bases of metaphorical expressions to facilitate learning is to follow the time-proven practice of linking the old to the new.<br>Department of English
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Song, Buseon. "Emotion metaphors in Korean." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1263925.

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Almisned, Othman A. "Metaphor in the Qur'an : an assessment of three English translations of Suurat Al-Hajj." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1663/.

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Cook, John A. "The structure and significance of hendiadys in the Hebrew Bible." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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Holt, Elizabeth Jane. "Figures of speech : an exploration of the use of idiomatic phrases in conversation." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4250/.

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Wizinowich, Janice Ingrid 1951. "Figures of speech, signs of knowing: Towards a semiotic view of science conceptualization." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288989.

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Models for science education, rather than paralleling the process of scientific discovery, have traditionally involved the dissemination of information through texts and controlled lab experiences. These have had limited effect in the development of science concepts. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate alternative avenues, such as the use of narrative, for science conceptualization. Despite the potential for narrative as an avenue for science conceptualization, for the most part studies involving literature have not explored this relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of science conceptualization, with a specific focus on narrative. This was done through a fifth grade classroom based study where learning experiences were created, focused on the concept of interdependence in relationship to water. These experiences included open-ended, hands-on science experiences, literature discussion groups, self-selected research projects and the creation of narrative pieces based on those research projects. Data sources included: (a) audio and videotaped literature discussion group sessions; (b) audio and videotaped study group interviews and curricular sessions; (c) individual interviews; (d) learning log entries and reflections; and (e) student narratives. Data analysis was conducted within a semiotic theoretical framework and involved the process of retroduction. Retroduction entails a kind of spiraling dialectic between theoretical considerations and data incidences, from which are generated possible explanations. These possible explanations or abductions, provide direction for further forays into the data. The process of retroduction lends itself to the creation of data analysis chapters that highlight theoretical issues in relationship to the data or "theoretical memos". Three theoretical memos emerged from this process. Theoretical memo one explores the role of experience in conceptualization; theoretical memo two focuses on the role of analogy and narrative experiences in relationship to intertextuality in conceptualization; and theoretical memo three highlights metaphor in relationship to the intertextual process of transmediation, whereby conceptualization is symbolized through student generated narratives. Together, these memos provide some insights into aspects of the process of conceptualization that are often ignored both in "real" science as well as science instruction. The implications of the study findings are summarized in light of what is known about the discovery process, as compared to what happens in traditional science instruction.
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Books on the topic "Figures of speech"

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Alm-Arvius, Christina. Figures of speech. Studentlitteratur, 2003.

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ill, Maestro Giulio, ed. It figures!: Fun figures of speech. Clarion Books, 1993.

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Adamson, Sylvia, Gavin Alexander, and Katrin Ettenhuber, eds. Renaissance Figures of Speech. Cambridge University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511988806.

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Sylvia, Adamson, Alexander Gavin Dr, and Ettenhuber Katrin, eds. Renaissance figures of speech. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Sylvia, Adamson, Alexander Gavin Dr, and Ettenhuber Katrin, eds. Renaissance figures of speech. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Sylvia, Adamson, Alexander Gavin Dr, and Ettenhuber Katrin, eds. Renaissance figures of speech. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish. Figures of speech, or, Figures of thought? World Wisdom, Inc., 2007.

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Forget, Danielle. Figures de pensée, figures du discours. Éditions Nota bene, 2000.

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Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish. Figures of speech or figures of thought? the traditional view of art. World Wisdom, Inc., 2007.

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Bonhomme, Marc. Pragmatique des figures du discours. Champion, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Figures of speech"

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Ward, Tracey, Raphael Bernier, Cora Mukerji, et al. "Figures of Speech." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_100605.

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Kienpointner, Manfred. "Figures of Speech." In Handbook of Pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.5.fig1.

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Kienpointner, Manfred. "Figures of Speech." In Discursive Pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hoph.8.06kie.

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Cooks, Bridget R. "Figures of speech." In Mannequins in Museums. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429260575-7.

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Bierwiaczonek, Bogusław. "Figures of speech revisited." In Figurative Meaning Construction in Thought and Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ftl.9.10bie.

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Franklin, Karl J. "Kewa figures of speech." In Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clscc.2.09fra.

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Mladenović, Miljana, and Jelena Mitrović. "Ontology of Rhetorical Figures for Serbian." In Text, Speech, and Dialogue. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40585-3_49.

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Lury, Celia. "Figures of Speech: Stuck in the Middle with ‘People Like You’." In Figure. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2476-7_11.

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AbstractThis chapter discusses three figures of speech: the organization Not In Our Name (NION), #JeSuisCharlie and #MeToo and describes the ways in which, as figures of speech, they constitute persons through a consideration of the use of names, pronouns and numbers. Concerns include whether the person so constituted is singular or plural, how participation in the figure of speech is configured, whether the persons are recognized to be ‘proper’, and whether and how the persons can speak the truth. The conclusion brings these concerns together in the proposal that what distinguishes the persons of #JeSuisCharlie and #MeToo is that they are ‘stuck in the middle’ with ‘People Like You’.
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Paillard, Michel. "From figures of speech to lexical units." In Lexis in Contrast. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.7.12pai.

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Amato, Flora, Walter Balzano, Giovanni Cozzolino, and Francesco Moscato. "Exploiting Figures of Speech in Cultural Heritage Reasoning." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15035-8_79.

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Conference papers on the topic "Figures of speech"

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Squire, Janice. "Figures of speech." In ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Conference abstracts and applications. ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/311625.311661.

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Shao, Qingchen, Zhenzhen Wang, and Zhijie Hao. "Contrastive Studies of Pun in Figures of Speech." In 2nd International Conference on Computer and Information Applications (ICCIA 2012). Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccia.2012.212.

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Panayiotou, Christiana. "An Ontological Approach to the Extraction of Figures of Speech." In 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology. Aircc Publishing Corporation, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2019.91405.

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Ishihara, Yoshihisa, and Kazuki Kobayashi. "Projection mapping of behavioral expressions onto manufactured figures for speech interaction." In 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2017.8172273.

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Kong, Guiying. "Appreciation on Figures of Speech of Once More to the Lake." In 4th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Intercultural Communication (ICELAIC 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-17.2017.86.

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Vareto, Rafael Henrique, Araceli Marcia Saldanha, and William Robson Schwartz. "The Swax Benchmark: Attacking Biometric Systems with Wax Figures." In ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053946.

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Puggaard-Rode, Rasmus. "praatpicture: A library for making flexible Praat Picture-style figures in R." In ISSP 2024 - 13th International Seminar on Speech Production. ISCA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/issp.2024-34.

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Shi, Xiangyang, Yue Wu, Huaigu Cao, Gully Burns, and Prem Natarajan. "Layout-aware Subfigure Decomposition for Complex Figures in the Biomedical Literature." In ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683824.

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Harahap, Ade Nurfitriani, I. Wy Dirgeyasa, and Anni Holila Pulungan. "Figures of Speech on Political Headline: Waspada and Sinar Indonesia Baru (SIB) Newspaper." In 6th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211110.137.

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"Digitized Teaching Strategy (DigiTS) in Improving the Language Performance on Basic Figures of Speech." In The 14th Annual International Symposium of Foreign Language Learning. Galaxy Science, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2024.3807.

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Reports on the topic "Figures of speech"

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Chorna, Olha V., Vita A. Hamaniuk, and Aleksandr D. Uchitel. Use of YouTube on lessons of practical course of German language as the first and second language at the pedagogical university. [б. в.], 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3253.

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Integration of ICT significantly increases the possibilities of the educational process and extends the boundaries of the educational sphere as a whole. Publicly available resources, such as e-mail, blogs, forums, online applications, video hosting sites, can serve as the basis for building open learning and education. Informational educational technologies of learning foreign languages are in the focus of this study. The article represents the results of theoretical analysis of content on the subject of its personal- and didactic-definite orientation, as well as some aspects of the practical use of commonly used YouTube video materials in the process of teaching German as the first or second foreign language in higher education, namely at the pedagogical university. Taking into account the practical experience of using the materials of several relevant thematic YouTube channels with a fairly wide constant audience, a concise didactic analysis of their product is presented and recommendations on converting video content into methodological material in the framework of practical course of German language by future teachers are offered. Due to the suggested recommendations, the following tasks can be solved: enrichment of the vocabulary; semantization of phraseological units, constant figures of speech, cliché; development of pronunciation skills; expansion of linguistic competence; improving listening and speaking skills; increasing motivation to learn, etc.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Lippman, Betsy, Rebecca Sutton, Allyson Doby, et al. Covid-19: Understanding the Impact of the Pandemic on Forcibly Displaced Persons. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.010.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has left no corner of the world untouched. To cite just one figure, 100 million people have been pushed into poverty, according to a recent World Bank study. The two-speed recovery from the pandemic, depending on vaccine availability, is expected to leave lasting imprints on the economic performances of countries, which data suggest will have a disproportionate effect on forcibly displaced persons and their host communities. This summary highlights key messages from research focusing on how people displaced by war and conflict have been affected by Covid 19 and its secondary impacts. Diverse lived experiences are explored, ranging from the erosion of forcibly displaced persons’ rights during the pandemic, to Syrian refugees with disabilities in Turkey, to displaced Rohingya in Bangladesh. This Research for Policy and Practice Paper sets out examples of the multidimensional social and economic challenges displaced people are facing during the pandemic and presents a series of evidence-based recommendations for positive change that could be achieved even in the most challenging contexts.
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Carpenter, Grace. Shenandoah National Park: Acoustic monitoring report, 2016?2017. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300465.

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This report presents acoustical data gathered by the Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (NSNSD) at Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) in August?September of 2016 and January?March of 2017. Data were collected at four sites (Figure 1) to provide park managers with information about the acoustical environment, sources of noise , and the existing ambient sound levels within the park. In these deployments, sound pressure level (SPL) was measured continuously every second by a calibrated sound level meter. Other equipment included an anemometer to collect wind speed and a digital audio recorder collecting continuous recordings to document sound sources. In this document, ?sound pressure level? refers to broadband (12.5 Hz?20 kHz), A-weighted, 1-second time averaged sound level (LAeq, 1s), and hereafter referred to as ?sound level.? Sound levels are measured on a logarithmic scale relative to the reference sound pressure for atmospheric sources, 20 ?Pa. The logarithmic scale is a useful way to express the wide range of sound pressures perceived by the human ear. Sound levels are reported in decibels (dB). A-weighting is applied to sound levels to account for the response of the human ear (Harris, 1998). To approximate human hearing sensitivity, A-weighting discounts sounds below 1 kHz and above 6 kHz.
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Ekambaram, Karthikeyan, Bethany Frox, Niamh Bull, and Emma Lyndon. Pedal Misapplication Study. TRL Limited, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/omrt5829.

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Pedal misapplication is when the driver applies the wrong pedal of a vehicle, for example: accelerating instead of braking. When followed by the inability to regain control, this can result in collisions, causing damage to vehicles, infrastructure, and potentially, fatal injury. Current figures of pedal misapplication occurrences are potentially underestimated as depends heavily on driver statements, which are often unreliable. As a result, investigators are reliant on other data sources such as camera footage and examining the vehicle controls to determine the cause of the collision. This study examined the characteristics of collisions related to pedal misapplication. A systematic literature review was performed to explore the topic of pedal misapplication. Previous research found that pedal misapplication can occur throughout the entire driving cycle and can impact all drivers. However, certain risk factors were identified, including; old age, cognitive impairment, small stepover pedal configuration, incorrect foot positioning, hesitant braking, short stature, smaller shoe size and possibly being female. The review also presented countermeasures, including technologies that are available in the market, which have the potential to mitigate collisions caused by pedal misapplication. In addition, real-world collision data (RAIDS) from 2012 were interrogated to identify pedal misapplication related collisions for further analysis. The majority of the analysed collisions were caused by the driver accelerating instead of applying brakes and a high proportion occurred on smaller roads or car parks at low speed limits, with just under 50% occurring at initial start-up. Within the sample, similar contributing factors were identified to those found in the literature. Elderly drivers and female drivers were most commonly involved with impairments of driver distraction and illness reported. Vehicles fitted with automatic transmissions were more frequently associated with pedal misapplication cases. This study provides useful insights about crash characteristics and contributory factors of collisions related to pedal misapplication. As crash mitigation systems are growing in popularity amongst vehicle manufacturers, the development and fitment of a system that can detect and mitigate pedal misapplication should be encouraged. This can be achieved through rewarding points in consumer test programmes or by making fitment mandatory through relevant standards.
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Hynd, David, Caroline Wallbank, Jonathan Kent, et al. Costs and Benefits of Electronic Stability Control in Selected G20 Countries. TRL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/lsrg3377.

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This report, commissioned by Bloomberg Philanthropies, finds that 42,000 lives could be saved and 150,000 serious injuries prevented by 2030 if all new cars in seven G20 countries were required to be equipped with an inexpensive crash avoidance technology starting in 2020. Thirteen G20 counties currently adhere to United Nations regulations on electronic stability control (ESC). If the seven remaining countries—Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico and South Africa—also mandated ESC in 2020, the report estimates $21.5 billion in economic benefit to those countries from the prevention of deaths and serious injuries. Argentina and Brazil are due to start applying ESC regulations in 2020. The UK-based Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) conducted the independent study of costs and benefits of applying ESC regulation in G20 countries, which are responsible for 98% of the world’s passenger car production. This report comes before the 3rd Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Stockholm, which is the largest gathering of governments and is a key opportunity for adoption of this UN-recommended standard. According to the World Health Organization’s Global Road Safety Report, the number of road traffic deaths reached 1.35 million in 2016. Of all vehicle safety features, electronic stability control is regarded as the most important one for crash avoidance since it is 38% effective in reducing the number of deaths in loss-of-control collisions. ESC tries to prevent skidding and loss of control in cases of over-steering and under-steering. The technology continuously monitors a vehicle’s direction of travel, steering wheel angle and the speed at which the individual wheels are rotating. If there is a mismatch between the intended direction of travel and the actual direction of travel, as indicated by the steering wheel position, ESC will selectively apply the brakes and modulate the engine power to keep the vehicle traveling along the intended path. The cost of implementing ESC on vehicles that already contain anti-lock braking systems is thought to be as little as $50 per car. And the report finds the benefits are significant: For every dollar spent by consumers in purchasing vehicles with these technologies, there is a US$2.80 return in economic benefit to society because of the deaths and serious injuries avoided. The analysis warns that without regulation of ESC, the seven remaining G20 countries will only reach 44% installation of ESC by 2030. However, if all seven countries implemented ESC regulations this year, 85% of the total car fleet in G20 countries will have ESC by 2030, a figure still below the United Nations target of 100% ESC fleet coverage by 2030.
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Murphy, Keire, and Anne Sheridan. Annual report on migration and asylum 2022: Ireland. ESRI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat124.

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Annual Report on Migration and Asylum gives overview of statistics and developments in migration in 2022. The European Migration Network (EMN) Ireland within the ESRI has published its annual review of migration and asylum in Ireland. The EMN is an EU network that provides objective, comparable policy-relevant information on migration and international protection. EMN Ireland is located in the ESRI and is funded by the European Union and the Department of Justice. With an overview of the latest data as well as policy and operational developments, research, and case law from 2022, this report is a comprehensive reference that gives an opportunity to view the entire migration landscape in Ireland. The report shows that many forms of migration are recovering quickly from COVID-19 travel restrictions. It also shows that migration is being impacted by shortages in the labour market and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As a result of these developments and others, Ireland saw a significant increase in immigration, with 141,600 people arriving in the year leading up to April 2023, according to CSO figures. This represents a 31% increase from the year to April 2022. However, emigration also increased, with 64,000 individuals leaving Ireland during the same period, marking a 14% increase from the previous year. 2022 saw a significant increase in first residence permits (which are granted to migrants from outside the EEA) from 2021. 85,793 permits were issued in 2022, with education the most common reason for permits (48%). Partially reflecting changes to eligible occupations for employment permits, the number of employment permits issued was the highest in the last 10 years. 39,995 employment permits were issued, with the information and communication sector the largest recipient of permits. Key developments in this area highlighted by the report include discussions on and progress with the Employment Permits Bill, changes to the Atypical Working Scheme, plans for a single application procedure for employment permits and immigration permissions, and changes to employment permits occupation lists to respond to labour market shortages. The report analyses international protection, showing significant increases in international protection applications as well as details of applications, decisions made, and statuses awarded. It shows an expansion of decision-making in response to increased applications. Looking at the broader EU situation, the report shows that applications for international protection in Ireland accounted for 1.3% of the EU total in 2022. The report also details the pressure on the reception and accommodation system for international protection applicants and beneficiaries of temporary protection, as well as the extraordinary measures taken to scale these up. It highlights measures taken to implement the White Paper to End Direct Provision and informs on a review of timelines of the plan. It discusses changes made by the International Protection Office to speed up processing, and criticism of these measures by NGOs, as well as details of the regularisation scheme for undocumented migrants and the humanitarian admission of Afghans. The Temporary Protection Directive – an EU Directive that creates an exceptional measure to provide immediate and temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons – was triggered for the first time in March 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As a result, the report includes a dedicated chapter with statistics relating to arrivals and a detailed overview of Ireland’s response to displaced persons from Ukraine. It also gives a comprehensive overview of other areas of migration, as well as research and case law from 2022, providing a crucial reference text for anyone working in the area.
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Financial Infrastructure Report 2022. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2022.

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Banco de la República's monitoring of the local financial market infrastructure is an additional contribution to the country's financial stability. One of the products of that monitoring has been the Payment Systems Report, which is now known as the Financial Infrastructure Report. The change in name, as of this edition, is intended to reflect in a broader way the issues that are addressed in the report. The 2022 edition includes several changes that are the result of a comparative study of financial infrastructure reports prepared by other central banks. These changes seek to make the report more fluid and easier to read, including main points and selected key figures for the different interest groups to which it is addressed. The report shows the financial infrastructure continued to render its services without interruption, with general evidence of good performance in 2021. Additionally, the resilience of the Central Counterparty Risk of Colombia (CRCC) and the Large-value Payments System (CUD) to extreme events was validated, based on stress tests conducted according to international standards (focused on liquidity and credit risk). As for retail payments, transactional information indicates the use of electronic instruments increased in terms of value during 2021 compared to 2020 (credit and debit cards, checks and electronic funds transfers). The use of debit and credit cards in payments rose to levels similar to those reached in the pre-pandemic year. Meanwhile, electronic funds transfers continued to grow. Although the results of the BR 2022 survey show cash continues to be the instrument most used by the public for regular payments (like the situation in other countries), the perception of its use decreased significantly to 75 % (87 % in 2019). Also, in commerce, cash was the preferred instrument for customers. However, in this measurement, several retail channels such as hairdressers, drugstores and restaurants joined the group that has traditionally received electronic payments for a value greater than 10% of their sales (hypermarkets and gas stations). Likewise, for nearly 50% of the population, cash payments are lower than before the pandemic. This is consistent with the transactional increase in electronic payment instruments that was observed in 2021. Banco de la República continues to monitor the technological developments that have expanded and modernized the supply in the international and local payments market, as these are issues of interest to the industry that provides clearing and settlement services. This report outlines the Pix case for instant payments in Brazil, the projects that are underway regarding the possible issue of digital currency by central banks (CBDC) for cross-border payments, as well as an approach to the Fintech ecosystem in Colombia, with an emphasis on companies that provide payment services. Leonardo Villar Governor Main points: 2022 The local financial infrastructure was safe and efficient throughout the year. The services of the financial infrastructure were proved on a continuous basis, showing good performance overall. Less momentum in the large-value payment system CUD activity declined versus the previous year because of fewer government deposits with BanRep. This was offset partially by growth in repos to increase money supply and in retail-value payments (electronic funds transfers, checks and cards). Increased momentum in financial market infrastructures. Larger amounts were cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository (DCV) due to an increase in the market for sovereign debt. Operations managed by the Central Counterparty Risk of Colombia (CRCC) increased due to inclusion of the foreign exchange segment and the positive evolution in non-delivery forward peso/dollar contracts. Added confidence in the peso/dollar spot foreign exchange market due to CRCC interposition. Number and value of trades grew, mainly due to the adjustment of therisk management model for the FX segment and the increase in the limiton net selling positions in dollars. Stress testing with international standards to validate CRCC and CUD resilience Stress tests conducted independently by the SFC, BanRep and the CRCC, like those done in England and the United States, concluded that the CRCC's risk management model allows it to withstand extreme market events and simultaneous defaults by its main members. Based on the experience of other central banks, BanRep strengthened its intraday liquidity risk stress exercises in the CUD by incorporating temporary payment delays. It calculated that a two-hour delay by a key participant increases the system's liquidity needs by 0.5%. Electronic payments increased during 2021 According to transactional information, all electronic payment instruments increased in value versus 2020 (electronic funds transfers, checks and debit and credit cards). Electronic funds transfers continued to grow (80% from legal entities), with the participation of closed schemes driven particularly by the use of mobile wallets (35% of the number of intra-transfer transactions). The use of debit and credit cards for payments climbed to levels similar to those witnessed in the pre-pandemic year. Cash continues to be the instrument most used by the public for regular payments. The results of the BanRep survey in 2022 show that the perception of the use of cash declined significantly to 75% (87% in 2019), and about 50% of the population perceive their cash payments as being lower than those they made before the pandemic. Electronic funds transfers were second most used instrument, having increased to 15% (3% in 2019). Also, in commerce, cash was the preferred instrument of payment for its customers; however, several commerce channels received more than 10% of the value of their sales in electronic payments (hypermarkets 35%, gas stations 25%, hairdressers 15%, drugstores 14% and restaurants 12%). Continuous technological developments have broadened, and modernized services offered in the payments market. Pix (instant payments in Brazil). The high level of adoption of instant transfers in Brazil motivated a review of its strengths; namely, the possibility of different use cases between individuals, businesses, and government; high participation by financial and payment institutions; free of charge for individuals and the possibility of charging legal entities, and simple user experience. Digital currencies in central banking. Several groups of countries have joined forces to conduct pilot projects with wholesale CBDCs for cross-border payments. Flows generated by international trade, foreign investment and remittances between individuals can be processed more efficiently, transparently, and securely by reducing their cost and increasing their speed. Due to the constant progress being made on this issue, BanRep will continue to monitor all CBDC-related matters. The fintech ecosystem for payments in Colombia. A high percentage of existing FinTech companies in the country are dedicated to offering digital payment services: wallets, payment gateways, mobile devices (point-of-sale terminals) and acquisition. These have driven innovation in payment services.
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