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Anderson, Ehry. "Figures of speech." Thesis, Boston University, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37999.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-01
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Monteiro, Loreta Russo. "Figuras de linguagem: da retórica à aula de língua portuguesa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-10052017-142524/.
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Esta pesquisa insere-se nos estudos sobre o ensino de língua portuguesa, visando a um conteúdo específico as figuras de linguagem, as quais, a nosso ver, não podem ser consideradas acessórias em um texto, uma vez que são elementos da enunciação. Nesse sentido, este trabalho se coloca na contramão do confinamento das figuras de linguagem à gramática, que herdou inúmeras reduções pelas quais passou a retórica; e também na contramão dos que veem o estilo como desvio, ou seja, como algo especial em determinados gêneros e em determinados autores. Na verdade, as figuras de linguagem estão no interior dos textos verbais e visuais de diversos gêneros do discurso, sendo elas um fator determinante para a produção de sentidos. Tendo em vista isso, propusemos a descrição e a análise de como as figuras de linguagem e as percepções de estilo, no uso da língua escrita, são concebidas pelo professor, segundo as teorias de ensino de língua mobilizadas por ele. Nossa pesquisa concentra-se nas concepções dos professores sobre as figuras de linguagem e o ensino das figuras, descritas e analisadas de forma qualitativa a partir de um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, aplicado a 13 professores de português do ensino médio. Para tal análise, buscamos aporte teórico na retórica clássica, na Nova Retórica, na teoria do Círculo de Bakhtin e na teoria socioconstrutivista de Vigotski. Tendo sido concluída a pesquisa, podemos afirmar que professores de perfil semelhante ao de nossos informantes graduação e pós-graduação na área de Letras possuem representações teóricas que propiciam uma abordagem discursiva das figuras. Não se pode mais, hoje, concebê-las como aquilo que é acidental ou mero ornamento, como algo a mais (BARTHES, 1975, p. 167). Em outras palavras, docentes experientes e de formação sólida têm em seu projeto didático ensinar as figuras sob o enfoque estilístico e discursivo. Além disso, a formação acadêmica contínua (do professor-pesquisador, sem perder de vista a prática) favorece uma maior abertura para as teorias linguísticodiscursivas.This research is part of the studies within the teaching of Portuguese Language, directed towards a specific content - figures of speech -, generally taught in the 1st grade of High Schools in Brazil. We have proposed the description and analysis of how figures of speech and perceptions of style in the use of written language are conceived and promoted by teachers according to the theories of language teaching. Our research focuses on the teachers\' conceptions about figures of speech and the teaching of figures, described and analyzed in a qualitative way from a questionnaire with open and closed questions, applied to 13 Portuguese high school teachers. For this analysis, we search for theoretical input in Classical Rhetoric, New Rhetoric, Bakhtin\'s Discourse Analysis and Vygotsky\'s socioconstructivist theory. Having concluded the research, we can assert that teachers with a similar profile to that of our respondents - recent undergraduate and graduate courses, especially in public institutions - have theoretical representations that propose a discursive approach to the figures. Nowadays, it is no longer possible to regard them as accidental or mere adornment, as something else (BARTHES 1975, 167). In other words, experienced teachers with solid preparation hold in their didactic project the teaching of figures under the stylistic and discursive approach. Moreover, the current and ongoing academic formation (of the researcher-teacher, without obliterating their practice) supports an openness to the most recent linguistic-discursive theories and new teaching practices.
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Shen, Li. "Third foot or fifth wheel a comparison of figurative language in Chinese and English persuasive essays written by Mandarin-speaking advanced EFL students /." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 1996. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9701510.
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Topping, Margaret Eileen. "Christian and mythological figures of speech in the works of Marcel Proust." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244230.
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Kansa, Metee. "Body part-related metaphors in Thai and English." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1259310.
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The study of body part metaphors provides a convenient way to examine human conceptual structuring because we start from what we as humans share. This study collected and compared Thai and English body part metaphors: one hundred and eighty-four English body part expressions and four hundred and eighty-eight Thai body part expressions were considered.The data are discussed in terms of the body part involved, the underlying conceptual metaphors, and syntactic and morphological form. The data show that basically, Thai and English share many conceptual metaphors, and there are a number of equivalent expressions in both languages, such as hua-hoog [head-spear] `spearhead', and waan-caj [sweet-heart] `sweetheart.' Furthermore, it was found that most body part metaphors are built on three different aspects of body parts: physical constitution, location and nature of involvement. In some contexts, more than one of these bases is involved in the same expression.Other similarities include sharing some of the same morphological and syntactic forms, using the same body parts; relative frequency of individual body parts; having completely equivalent expressions, and having pairs of opposite expressions. Differences involve having some different morphological and syntactic forms; the number of conventional body part metaphors found in translation-equivalent texts, with Thai having many more than English; a difference between the two languages in distribution across written vs. spoken texts; having similarly glossed expressions with different metaphorical meanings; level of markedness for an otherwise equivalent expression; and degree of explicitness in the components of an expression.Finally, applications of the findings to the teaching of English to Thai speakers and vice versa are discussed. I conclude that systematic attention to the bases of metaphorical expressions to facilitate learning is to follow the time-proven practice of linking the old to the new.Department of English
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Song, Buseon. "Emotion metaphors in Korean." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1263925.
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Almisned, Othman A. "Metaphor in the Qur'an : an assessment of three English translations of Suurat Al-Hajj." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1663/.
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Cook, John A. "The structure and significance of hendiadys in the Hebrew Bible." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Holt, Elizabeth Jane. "Figures of speech : an exploration of the use of idiomatic phrases in conversation." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4250/.
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Wizinowich, Janice Ingrid 1951. "Figures of speech, signs of knowing: Towards a semiotic view of science conceptualization." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288989.
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Models for science education, rather than paralleling the process of scientific discovery, have traditionally involved the dissemination of information through texts and controlled lab experiences. These have had limited effect in the development of science concepts. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate alternative avenues, such as the use of narrative, for science conceptualization. Despite the potential for narrative as an avenue for science conceptualization, for the most part studies involving literature have not explored this relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of science conceptualization, with a specific focus on narrative. This was done through a fifth grade classroom based study where learning experiences were created, focused on the concept of interdependence in relationship to water. These experiences included open-ended, hands-on science experiences, literature discussion groups, self-selected research projects and the creation of narrative pieces based on those research projects. Data sources included: (a) audio and videotaped literature discussion group sessions; (b) audio and videotaped study group interviews and curricular sessions; (c) individual interviews; (d) learning log entries and reflections; and (e) student narratives. Data analysis was conducted within a semiotic theoretical framework and involved the process of retroduction. Retroduction entails a kind of spiraling dialectic between theoretical considerations and data incidences, from which are generated possible explanations. These possible explanations or abductions, provide direction for further forays into the data. The process of retroduction lends itself to the creation of data analysis chapters that highlight theoretical issues in relationship to the data or "theoretical memos". Three theoretical memos emerged from this process. Theoretical memo one explores the role of experience in conceptualization; theoretical memo two focuses on the role of analogy and narrative experiences in relationship to intertextuality in conceptualization; and theoretical memo three highlights metaphor in relationship to the intertextual process of transmediation, whereby conceptualization is symbolized through student generated narratives. Together, these memos provide some insights into aspects of the process of conceptualization that are often ignored both in "real" science as well as science instruction. The implications of the study findings are summarized in light of what is known about the discovery process, as compared to what happens in traditional science instruction.
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Shutova, Ekaterina. "Computational approaches to figurative language." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609681.
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Topping, Margaret. "Proust's gods : Christian and mythological figures of speech in the works of Marcel Proust /." Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2000. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0610/00036744-d.html.
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Ding, Yunxian. "Allegories of Tibet /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6157.
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Djafarova, Elmira. "Language in tourism advertising : the contribution of figures of speech to the representation of tourism." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1581/.
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This study explores the ways figures of speech such as metaphors, puns and alliteration contribute to the creation of tourism images in print advertising. Extensive research has been conducted within the areas of advertising, tourism and linguistics. However, little has been done to emphasise the importance of textual analysis. The majority of the research used the more common visual semiotics approach in tourism. This study provides a detailed analysis of the figures of speech in tourism advertising. The choice of the above figures of speech was dictated by the previous research indicating the significant use of those devices in advertising. As no similar studies were conducted earlier, it was logical to start with the examination of the most frequently used figures of speech. Qualitative content analysis of 600 advertisements, selected from a range of sources, was carried out. The purpose was to find common patterns between the figures of speech used in the 1970s and 2000-2008, identify the links between advertised products and individual figures of speech and finally to explore how the interpretation process occurs when ambiguity takes place. This would lead to more in-depth understanding of the position of figures of speech in tourism advertising. Pragmatic approach, a branch of linguistics, was also implemented to explain the interpretation process. Textual analysis of puns, metaphors and alliteration reveals some concerns over the use of these devices when addressing potential consumers. Metaphors and puns are able to influence existing textual meanings carrying different degrees of ambiguity. Complex use of language devices might cause difficulties in its comprehension. Consumers require more information about the advertised products as their awareness and competence have increased. Growing legislation, development of new information technology devices, globalisation of the markets and growing consumer competence make the task of advertisers challenging and difficult. Creating new figures of speech, advertisers have to be aware of the consequential issues within their comprehension. Although Relevance Theory, a part of pragmatics, successfully explains the interpretation and derivation of ambiguous meanings, there are still numerous meanings expressed in advertising and advertisers leave the responsibility of correct interpretation for recipients. Low numbers of puns indicate that although tourism activity is associated with an enjoyment and pleasure, the satisfaction from resolving the pun is not always appreciated by readers. From another side, alliteration does not require any interpretation and thus cannot be misled, as no semantic meaning is involved. Hence, alliteration has more potential to succeed in the advertising communication. This thesis contributes to knowledge in theoretical and methodological concepts within tourism advertising depiction via linguistic devices and hopes to generate some further discussion within this area. The major contribution of this research lies in the detailed analysis of figures of speech used in tourism advertising. This work appears to be the first substantial attempt to undertake this linguistic approach.
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Gallard, Pierre-Yves. "Le style paradoxal des moralistes classiques : Montaigne, Pascal, La Rochefoucauld, La Bruyère." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2043.
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Notre travail interroge l’affinité entre une figure – le paradoxe – et le discours sur les mœurs, tel qu’il s’invente et se développe de Montaigne à La Bruyère : il étudie l’appropriation d’un fait de langue et sa requalification en fait de style. La confrontation des théories existantes sur le paradoxe aux exemples de notre corpus fait apparaître la gradualité de la figure, dont la configuration prototypique connaît des réalisations discursives de forme et d’étendue variables, et dont l’étude stylistique implique l’articulation des points de vue microstructural et macrostructural. En promouvant une approche englobante, continuiste et contextualisée des formes de l’écriture paradoxale, nous soulignons la dimension matricielle du paradoxe, sa propension à constituer, pour les textes que nous étudions, un principe générateur, une forme ordonnatrice : l’étymon d’un style. Nous défendons en effet l’idée selon laquelle le paradoxe constitue un lieu commun de la prose moraliste, c'est-à-dire la forme-sens dans laquelle se cristallisent une éthique et une esthétique, un rapport soupçonneux aux vérités admises et aux discours institués. L’examen des différents usages de la figure et des fonctions qui lui sont dévolues nous permet ainsi d’éclairer les soubassements épistémologiques de l’entreprise moralisteOur work reflects upon the affinity between a figure of speech – the paradox – and the moral discourse, as it emerges and evolves from Montaigne to La Bruyère. We study the appropriation of a linguistic form and its revaluation as a stylistic trait. The comparative examination of the theoretical descriptions of the paradox, and their application to our corpus examples reveal the gradualness of the figure, and the variety of its discursive actualizations. By promoting a global, continuist and contextualized approach to the paradox, we stress out its functionality as well as its propensity to shape the reflection and the writing of the classical moralists
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Rodrigues, Sonia Maria. "O remorso de Baltazar Serapião: uma escrita de ruptura." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2177.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-20The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the construction process of the poetic effect in the narrative of the novel o remorso de baltazar serapião, written by Valter Hugo Mãe, taking the linguistic and extralinguistic resources used by the author as a reference. For the text analysis, the reading of two excerpts is selected and Olivier Reboul s concept that considers the central motif a procedure that serves as the textual organization principle and the speech s live unit constituent is applied. In this way, it may be shown that ambiguous irony is #1 excerpt s central motif (Introductionencounter, conflict s unfolding) while ironic hyperbole is #2 excerpt s central motif (Passionate agressions). The study has shown that through the selection of the figures as the central motif, the novelist created unusual ways of saying, bringing strength and originality to the speech. As a result of the study it is also shown the components of classical tragedy and the interweaving of the novel s main figure the irony with the tragic and the black humor.
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo central analisar o processo de construção do poético na narrativa do romance o remorso de baltazar serapião, de Valter Hugo Mãe, tomando como referência principalmente os recursos linguísticos e extralinguísticos por ele empregados na obra. Para a análise do texto, será privilegiada a leitura de dois excertos do romance a partir do modelo defendido por Olivier Reboul, que elege o motivo central como um procedimento que serve de princípio organizador para o texto e se constitui na unidade viva do discurso. Assim, procuraremos comprovar que o motivo central do excerto 1 (Encontro-Apresentação, desencadeamento do conflito) será a ironia ambígua, enquanto do excerto 2 (Agressões Apaixonadas) será a hipérbole irônica. O objetivo é mostrar que o romancista criou modos de dizer que se afastam do uso comum, promovendo força e originalidade ao discurso, ao eleger as figuras como motivo central. Por fim, como resultado da pesquisa, mostraremos também os elementos da tragédia clássica e o entrelaçamento da principal figura do romance a ironia, com o trágico e o humor negro.
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Abu-Shabakeh, Katherine Wesley. "Figures of speech and political manipulations: The scapegoating of the monarch in Thomas Paines's Common Sense." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/339.
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Glicklich, Jacob. "Gendering the other empire transnational imperial perceptions of Russia in the Victorian periodical press /." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1239115485.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of History, 2009."May, 2009." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 8/2/2009) Advisor, Martin Wainwright; Faculty Reader, Shelley Baranowski; Department Chair, Michael Sheng; Dean of the College, Chand Midha; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Englund, Anna. "Amazing Aotearoa : the translation of cultural aspects, figures of speech and style in a Lonely Planet guidebook." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20324.
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Zhang, Shuyin. "The translation of figures of speech in Cao Xueqin's 'Dream of the Red Chamber' : a comparative study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041497/.
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The novel Hongloumeng (Dream of the Red Chamber), one of the four great Chinese classic novels, can be seen as an encyclopaedia of 18th-century China that abounds in cultural information. Its use of different figures of speech such as metaphors, proverbs, similes and puns is a major source of cultural information. There are two complete published English translations of the novel - A Dream of the Red Mansions (Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang) and The Story of the Stone (David Hawkes and John Minford), both of which have become well known since they appeared in the late 1970s. The thesis investigates the procedures that the translators use for translating the different figures of speech that occur in both the prose and poetry of the novel. It is one of the first studies of Dream of the Red Chamber in English translation that focuses on the two translations within the context of a study of metaphor and other figures of speech in English translation. It also offers a harmonisation of Western and Chinese writing on figures of speech and represents one of the very few works to discuss a range of figures of speech (such as simile, metonymy, hyperbole, reduplication and proverb) besides metaphor in translation. The rhetorical devices used in the translations are being studied and analysed to gain an understanding of the translation procedures used. In this context the research seeks to answer the following questions: How do the translators render figures of speech in prose and in poetry? How do the translators deal with figures that contain cultural information? What do the translators do when there is no English counterpart for a well-known Chinese figure? The conclusion includes topics such as the translators’ preferences for procedures to translate different figures of speech, both individually and in general.
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Dubremetz, Marie. "Detecting Rhetorical Figures Based on Repetition of Words: Chiasmus, Epanaphora, Epiphora." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-334486.
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This thesis deals with the detection of three rhetorical figures based on repetition of words: chiasmus (“Fair is foul, and foul is fair.”), epanaphora (“Poor old European Commission! Poor old European Council.”) and epiphora (“This house is mine. This car is mine. You are mine.”). For a computer, locating all repetitions of words is trivial, but locating just those repetitions that achieve a rhetorical effect is not. How can we make this distinction automatically? First, we propose a new definition of the problem. We observe that rhetorical figures are a graded phenomenon, with universally accepted prototypical cases, equally clear non-cases, and a broad range of borderline cases in between. This makes it natural to view the problem as a ranking task rather than a binary detection task. We therefore design a model for ranking candidate repetitions in terms of decreasing likelihood of having a rhetorical effect, which allows potential users to decide for themselves where to draw the line with respect to borderline cases. Second, we address the problem of collecting annotated data to train the ranking model. Thanks to a selective method of annotation, we can reduce by three orders of magnitude the annotation work for chiasmus, and by one order of magnitude the work for epanaphora and epiphora. In this way, we prove that it is feasible to develop a system for detecting the three figures without an unsurmountable amount of human work. Finally, we propose an evaluation scheme and apply it to our models. The evaluation reveals that, even with a very incompletely annotated corpus, a system for repetitive figure detection can be trained to achieve reasonable accuracy. We investigate the impact of different linguistic features, including length, n-grams, part-of-speech tags, and syntactic roles, and find that different features are useful for different figures. We also apply the system to four different types of text: political discourse, fiction, titles of articles and novels, and quotations. Here the evaluation shows that the system is robust to shifts in genre and that the frequencies of the three rhetorical figures vary with genre.Denna avhandling behandlar tre retoriska figurer som bygger på upprepning av ord, kiasm (“Om inte Muhammed kan komma till berget får berget komma till Muhammed.”), anafor (“Det är inte rimligt. Det är inte hållbart. Det är inte rättvist.”), och epifor (“Den här stugan är min. Den här bilen är min. Du är min.”). En dator kan lätt identifiera upprepningar av ord i en text, men att urskilja enbart de upprepningar som har en retorisk effekt är svårare. Hur kan vi få datorer att göra detta? För det första föreslår vi en ny definition av problemet. Vi noterar att retoriska figurer är ett graderbart fenomen, med prototypiska fall å ena sidan, och klara icke-fall å andra sidan; däremellan finns ett brett spektrum av gränsfall. Detta gör det naturligt att se problemet som en uppgift som gäller rangordning snarare än binär klassificering. Vi skapar därför en modell för att rangordna repetitioner efter sannolikheten att de har en retorisk effekt. Därigenom tillåts systemets användare att själva avgöra hur gränsfall ska hanteras. För det andra försöker vi undvika tänkbara svårigheter med att samla in annoterade data för att träna modellen för rangordning. Genom att använda en selektiv metod kan vi reducera mängden annoteringsarbete tusenfalt för kiasm och tiofalt för anafor och epifor. Det är alltså möjligt att utveckla ett system för att identifiera de aktuella retoriska figurerna utan en stor mängd manuell annotering. Slutligen föreslår vi en metod för utvärdering och tillämpar den på våra modeller. Utvärderingen visar att vi även med en korpus där få exempel är annoterade kan träna ett system för identifiering av repetitiva figurer med godtagbart resultat. Vi undersöker effekten av olika särdrag som bygger på t.ex. längd, n-gram, ordklasser och syntaktiska roller. En slutsats är att olika särdrag är användbara i olika grad för olika figurer. Vi prövar också systemet på ytterligare texttyper: politisk diskurs, skönlitteratur, titlar på artiklar och romaner, samt citat. Utvärderingen visar att systemet är robust vad gäller genreskillnader. Vi ser även att figurernas frekvens varierar över olika genrer.
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Notshe, Lwandlekazi. "Uphononongo nzulu lokusetyenziswa kolwimi olucengayo ngabalinganiswa kwincwadi ka Z.S. Qangule ethi, "Amaza" neka A.M. Mmango ethi, "Udike noCikizwa"." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012684.
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Olu phando luza kuphendla ubugcisa bokusetyenziswa kwezicengo ekutshintsheni izimvo, iinkolo nokuziphatha kwabantu. Kuza kugxilwa kakhulu kwiinjongo noxinzelelo lwazo kuba zingunozala wezicengo. Kuza kugocwagocwa ‘Amaza’ kaQangule kwakunye no ‘UDike noCikizwa’ kaMmango. Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ukuba ulwimi olucengayo luyasetyenziswa ngabantu abantetho isisiXhosa, nokuba imingangatho eyinqobo (values), inkcubeko, nengqeqesho (socialization) zidlala indima enkulu kulwimi olucengayo. Isahluko sokuqala salo msebenzi siza kunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahluko siqulathe: Intshayelelo; Iingxaki zophando; Iinjongo zophando; Ukubaluleka kolu phando; Okusele kubhaliwe ngezicengo; Ingcaciso magama. Isahluko sesibini siqulathe iingcingane zolwimi olucengayo, abasunguli bazo, nemisebenzi yabo. Isahluko sesithathu siqwalasele ukusetyenziswa kwezicengo kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo. Isahluko sesine sijonge ubugcisa bokusetyenziswa kolwimi olucengayo kwizihlobo nakwiintsapho. Kwalapha, kujongwe nokusetyenziswa kolwimi oluchubekileyo ngamadoda nabafazi, igunya, umyalezo ocalanye kwakunye nokunikezela. Isahluko sesihlanu nesisesokugqibela – sishwankathela iziphumo zophando kukwanikwa neengcebiso.
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Potts, Deborah. "A cognitive approach to the analysis of the extant corpus of kennings for poetry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607723.
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Portela, Luciene de Aguiar. "O livro de Provérbios e seu emprego em sala de aula." Faculdades EST, 2013. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=433.
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A presente pesquisa foi elaborada com o intuito de despertar a atenção para a
importância do texto bíblico, neste caso o livro dos Provérbios. Diante da diversidade de
textos que são trabalhados atualmente no ensino da Língua Portuguesa, considera-se
interessante propor mais este gênero, apresentando-o como proposta de análise dessa forma de
discurso. O trabalho foi desenvolvido observando figuras de linguagem, especificamente a
metáfora, a metonímia, a comparação metafórica e a personificação encontradas nessa obra.
Para o corpus, selecionamos os cinco primeiros versículos de cada capítulo, desse total,
escolhemos os que apresentavam figuras e iniciamos a análise. Optamos por fazer análise
retórica, tendo em vista o teor apelativo das mensagens. O processo de análise foi feito
comparando os traços comuns visando a ajudar o aluno a compreender, a identificar, a
interpretar a mensagem figurada, entre o sentido literal e o sentido figurado de um
determinado provérbio. Convém lembrar que desconsideramos como figuras, para análise,
aquelas palavras cujo sentido, apesar de demonstrar aparente teor conotativo, já deixaram de
ter essa carga semântica dada ao uso e ao consequente desgaste desse uso como figura. Ficou
evidente que o conteúdo das mensagens proverbiais é atemporal, ou seja, podem-se aplicar os
conselhos que integram esse livro até os dias de hoje, sem correr o risco de se tornar
anacrônico ou cometer incoerência semântica.This research was conducted with the aim of raising awareness of the importance of the biblical text, in this case the book of Proverbs. Given the diversity of texts that are currently worked in the teaching of Portuguese language, consider proposing more interesting this genre, presenting it as draft analysis of this form of speech. The study was conducted by observing figures of speech, specifically metaphor, metonymy, personification and metaphorical comparisons found in this work. For the corpus, we selected the first five verses of each chapter, this total, choose those with figures and started the analysis. We chose to do rhetorical analysis considering the content of the messages appealing. The process of analysis was done comparing the commonalities in order to help students understand, identify and interpret the message figuratively, between the literal and figurative meaning of a particular proverb. Remember that figures such disregard for analysis, those words whose meaning, despite seeming to demonstrate connotative content, has ceased to have that semantic load placed on the use and the consequent wear and use this figure. It was evident that the content of the messages proverbial is timeless, ie, one can apply the advice that make this book until the present day, without running the risk of becoming anachronistic or commit semantic inconsistency.
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Lukusa, Adolphine Cama. "Challenges to corporate and brand image in multinational companies across different linguistic and socio-economic markets : a semiotic analysis." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020189.
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Doing business "the French way" in a Francophone market niche may be somehow different from doing it "the English way" in an Anglophone market niche. Since both the employees’ and the customers’ knowledge of an organisation underpins the organisation’s performance in complex business world environments, Multinational Organisations (MNOs) need to find a manner in which they can achieve coherence between their strategic vision, organisational culture and corporate image across the different linguistic and socio-economic markets they interact with through the various marketing tools they use to stimulate recognition. As a result this can support the integrity and sustainability of their corporate brand across markets and across different linguistics landscapes while interacting with their existing and new foreign markets. This study concentrates particularly on the rhetoric figures and visual cues employed in the selected French and English advertising/promotional messages from different types of advertisements and different product packages of multinational organisation subsidiaries. The study looks at how both the rhetoric figures and visual cues in the selected advertising/promotional messages support the integrity and maintain the sustainability of the corporate brand of the selected companies. The latter is examined across different linguistic and socio-economic markets. The study explores and examines how the possible linguistic properties are used in the selected French and English advertising/promotional messages from different types of advertisements, including those on different product packages. It also looks at how the linguistic properties in selected advertising/promotional messages belonging to different types of advertisements are used in creating and maintaining a positive corporate image of the MNOs and that of their parent companies. In addition, this study analyzes the potential impacts and challenges on moral, cultural and life-style values that multinational subsidiaries inflict on customers through the advertising/promotional messages from different types of advertisements in the promotion and branding of their products and how this affects their corporate image and that of their parent organisations. This is a content analytical study of language features evident in the selected advertising/promotional messages from different types of advertisements and different product packages at the lexical, syntactic and discourse levels and their role and impact on selected multinational parent organisations and their subsidiaries’ corporate images together with those of their selected products. In order to conduct a data-driven study, the author built a data corpus based on 29 advertising messages from different types of advertisements and advertising messages printed on different product packages. The types of advertisements include the photographs and scanned images of billboards, mural billboards, outdoor advertising billboards and leaflets advertising/promoting specific services or products. The product packages include photographs and scanned images of product covers/wraps, primary packages of products, product containers’ stickers with messages printed on them, and primary boxes. The sample comes from six selected multinational subsidiary organisations from two different countries, the Democratic Republic of Congo, a Francophone and multilingual country, and the Republic of South Africa, an Anglophone and multilingual country. Through a detailed content analysis of the advertising/promotional messages from a diversity of sources used as a means of communication, with a focus on rhetoric figures ,visual cues and language features, their roles and potential impact on MNO’s, corporate images in foreign markets will be summarized. In the end, possible conclusions are drawn in the light of the role and impact that they have on the selected companies’ corporate image across different linguistic and socio-economic markets.
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Jaxa, Nontembiso Patricia. "Uphononongo ngokwesithako sobunzululwazi-sakhono kwiinoveli ezimbini zesiXhosa : (Ukhozi olunamaphiko noLwadilik' udonga)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020981.
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Kule ngxoxo kuqwalaselwa indlela ulwimi njengesakhono olusetyenziswe ngayo kwincwadi kaSaule, ethi, Ukhozi Olumaphiko kunye nobuchule bukaBongela ekubhaleni kwincwadi yakhe ethi, Lwadilik’ Udonga, yona eluguqulelo lwencwadi kaChinua Achebe, ethi, Things Fall Apart. Kule ngxoxo akuthelekiswa aba babhali babini koko kujongwe nje kunconywa ubuchule babo ekusebenziseni ulwimi ngendlela ephakamisa umgangatho weencwadi zabo. Oko, kudandalazisa ukubaluleka kokuqatshelwa kolwimi njengesakhono, ngababhali. Injongo yolu phando kukuba, ababhali bakuthathele ingqalelo ukubaluleka kokukhulisa nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokukubonisa oko kwiincwadi abazibhalileyo, ukuze, nakubafundi nootitshala ezikolweni, kube lula ukufunda nokufundisa ulwimi, kuphumezeke iinjongo zeNkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam noHlolo (2011), yona ebethelela ukufundiswa kolwimi ngendlela ephucula nekhulisa umfundi kulwimi. Le ngxoxo ke ixhaswa ngezithako ngezithako zeengcali kwisakhono noguqulelo. Ingxoxo le yahlulwe yazizahluko ezihlanu. Isahluko sokuqala sivula ngentshayelelo, ze sidandalazise intsusamabandla yolu phando, kushukuxwe ingxubakaxaka elundululeyo, ze kwenziwe uphengululo lweencwadi zeengcali kwizithako zesakhono nezokuguqulela. Isahluko sesibini, siqwalasela indlela uSaule asebenzise ngayo iindidi zezivakalisi, kanti neendidi zezivakalisi ezidiza isakhono ngobuchule, ukuze kuphuhle amandla akhe ekubaliseni kuhlobo loncwadi alubhalileyo, nokuvakalisa iingcinga neengcamango zakhe, edlulisa nolwazi kwabo bafunda incwadi. Isahluko sesithathu, siyaqhuba nokusetyenziswa kolwimi njengesakhono sokubhala kwakwincwadi kaSaule, kodwa kujongwe ukusetyenziswa kwezifanekisozwi, izifaniso, uchongo-magama nentsingiselo kunye noburharha bombhali. Isahluko sesine sona sihlalutya isimbo sikaBongela ekubhaleni nasekuguquleleni kwincwadi yakhe ethi, Lwadilik’ udonga. Isahluko sesihlanu sesokuphetha, siyintyilazwi yeengxoxo ezikolu hlalutyo, kuxilongwa ubuzaza besithako sobunzululwazi-sakhono nokubaluleka kwaso ekuphuhliseni uncwadi jikelele. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kuko okungundoqo wokuphila koncwadi.
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McCord, Walter White. "The contribution of agricultural imagery to the interpretation of Amos." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
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Maldaner, Laíra de Cássia Barros Ferreira. "Uma ideia toda azul: as figuras de linguagem como recursos linguístico-expressivos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4493.
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Esta dissertação é um estudo sobre a expressividade dos contos de fadas da obra Uma ideia toda azul, de Marina Colasanti. Torna-se inovadora por se tratar de textos curtos, valorizando o fantástico e pelos desfechos de seus contos, diferentes dos tradicionais. Trabalhando com reis, rainhas, príncipes, princesas e unicórnios, a autora utiliza figuras de linguagem que valorizam o texto, tornando cada vez mais encantador e instigante o seu bordado de palavras. Apresentam-se no decorrer do trabalho reflexões acerca das narrativas orais, as teorias referentes aos contos populares, a compreensão de literatura infantil, os contos de fadas, Marina Colasanti na cultura brasileira e a narrativa fantástica, um resumo da obra Uma ideia toda azul, a estilística como base da pesquisa e a essência das figuras de linguagem. Busca-se descrever e analisar as figuras mais produtivas: metáfora, personificação, hipérbole, sinestesia e eufemismo. São recursos linguísticos que conferem aos contos de Colasanti a expressividade que seduz o leitor de todas as idades. A realidade e a fantasia se articulam harmoniosamente em um texto que, ao ressaltar o fantástico, desvela os sentidos universais inerentes ao ser humano de todas as épocasThis thesis is a study on the expressiveness of fairy tales of the work A Whole Blue Idea, by Marina Colasanti. It is innovative because they are short texts, valuing the fantastic and for the outcomes of their stories, different from the traditional. Working with kings, queens, princes, princesses, unicorns, the author uses figures of speech that value the text, making its embroidery of words even more charming and instigating. Reflections about the oral narratives, the theories relating to popular stories, the understanding of childrens literature, fairy tales are present throughout the work, Marina Colasanti in Brazilian culture and the fantastic narrative, a summary of the work A Whole Blue Idea, stylistic as the basis of the research is the essence of figures of speech. It seeks to describe and analyze the most productive figures: metaphor, personification, hyperbole, synesthesia and euphemism. These are linguistic resources which give the tales of Colasanti the expressiveness that seduces the reader of all ages. Reality and fantasy are articulated harmoniously in a text that, to highlight the fantastic, unveils the universal meanings inherent to the human of all times
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Gullström, Sofia. "Pura Vida : A study on translation of proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology in an English travel guide about Costa Rica." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26412.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the difficulties that came up in the translation of an English travel guide about Costa Rica into Swedish, and what strategies may be employed in order to solve them. The focus is on how to handle proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology. In order to gather material for the study an English travel guide about Costa Rica was translated into Swedish and then some of the translation problems encountered during translation were chosen for an in-depth analysis. The analysis is mainly based on Rune Ingo’s and Peter Newmark’s theories, but other sources have also been used as a basis for the discussion. Proper nouns were mostly handled by transference of the names in their original forms into the TT as well as transference in combination with a functional or descriptive equivalent. Where appropriate, some proper nouns were translated with recognized Swedish translations or partially translated and partially transferred. Many metaphors and idioms were translated into corresponding figurative expressions found in the target language. When this was not possible, they were either translated word-for-word, provided that they still conveyed the meaning of the ST metaphor or idiom, or translated with a non-figurative expression. In order to make up for lost figurative expressions, one non-figurative expression was translated with a metaphor. Regarding terminology, terms were mostly translated with corresponding terms found in Swedish bilingual dictionaries or other resources on the Internet. However, some terms had to be transferred from the ST in their original forms or translated with less specific words, since no corresponding terms could be found in the target language. The findings show that several different strategies were used to handle translation of proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology in this specific travel guide and which strategy to use depends on situational factors.
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Pajona, Cécile. "Les procédés de fictionnalisation dans l'œuvre romanesque de Boris Vian." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2004/document.
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Dans une approche stylistique, mêlant linguistique de l’énonciation, pragmatique et linguistique textuelle, cette thèse explore l’œuvre romanesque de Boris Vian en interrogeant les relations qu’entretiennent le potentiel imageant du langage et la création de l’univers fictionnel vianesque. En dépassant la perspective qui conçoit le plus souvent la fictionnalisation comme une mise en fiction du réel, ce travail propose un élargissement du concept, également entendu comme création de fiction. Le corpus, volontairement restreint à un genre littéraire (le genre romanesque) et à un auteur particulier, rassemble les six romans signés Boris Vian (production qui s’étend de 1942 à 1953). Ce choix tient à la volonté de caractériser l’œuvre romanesque dans son ensemble tout en mettant en évidence les spécificités de l’évolution du style vianesque. À partir de différents pôles d’analyses, cette étude cherche à comprendre la particularité des fictions vianesques, apportant un éclairage inédit sur le style et l’esthétique de l’auteur. L’étude des procédés langagiers à l’œuvre dans la fictionnalisation, au cœur de ce travail, s’attache progressivement à l’observation des lieux textuels d’entrée et de sortie de la fiction, des jeux langagiers et des figures du discours. Cette recherche examine ainsi les outils récurrents permettant le passage du monde de référence du lecteur vers celui de la fiction.Par un jeu constant avec les normes (que celles-ci soient d’ordre langagiers ou littéraires), le texte vianesque présente un monde souvent déroutant pour le lecteur qui doit alors le « décoder » pour comprendre les nouvelles lois régissant cet univers. Ce travail de thèse propose une nouvelle grille d’analyse pour appréhender la fiction vianesqueThis thesis explores the novelistic work of Boris Vian from a stylistic perspective at the intersection of the linguistics of enunciation, pragmatics and textual linguistics. It focuses on the relations between the imaging potential of language and the Vianian creation of a fictional universe. It broadens the traditional perspective that conceives of fictionalization as putting reality in fiction by considering fictionalization as the creation of fiction. The corpus is restricted to one literary genre (novels) and one author. It includes the six novels written under the name Boris Vian (between 1942 and 1953). This choice is motivated by a willingness to characterize both the Vianian novelistic œuvre in its totality and the specificity of the evolution of the Vianian style. This study uses different analytical perspectives to understand the peculiarities of Vianian fiction and to highlight the style and aesthetics of the author in an original way. The study of the linguistic processes at play in Vianian fictionalization, which is at the center of this thesis, seeks to gradually observe the places in the text where fiction enters and exits, plays on words, and figures of speech. This research scrutinizes the recurring tools which allow going from the reader’s world of reference to the world of fiction. The Vianian text often presents a world that baffles the reader because it constantly plays with various (linguistic or literary) norms. Hence the reader needs to “decode” that world to understand the new laws by which it abides. This dissertation therefore proposes a new analytical perspective to further our understanding of Vianian fiction
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Araujo-Rousset, Anthony de. "Figures françaises de Dante : un mythe romantique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3008.
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Ce travail construit une dantologie transcendantale fondée sur la fécondité et la légitimité du commentarisme français tout au long du dix-neuvième siècle. Le nom et l’œuvre de Dante progressent dans la vie de l’esprit et de la culture après la sidération de la Révolution, avec la naissance, l’apogée, le déclin et les suites métamorphosées du Romantisme. Un amour soumis à la loi de la divisibilité de quelques fragments de la Divine Comédie se transforme graduellement en une première dantologie. Des figures archétypiques issues de domaines hétérogènes donnent une armature conceptuelle et poétique à cette double spirale entrecroisée : la lecture des textes de Dante éclairée par la critique contemporaine ; et la compréhension des morphologies divergentes du Romantisme en la diversité de ses moments. Dante est un penseur de l’histoire, des enjeux politiques, du christianisme jusqu’en ses limites internes et externes, du fait initiatique, de la différence sexuelle dans laquelle UN POETE SE TRANSHUMANISE PARCE QU’IL EST AIME PAR BEATRICE APRES AVOIR ETE GUIDE PAR VIRGILE. Chateaubriand, Balzac, Nerval et Hugo sont les parangons d’une lecture tournée vers un usage libre, infidèle mais hautement créateur. Fauriel, Ozanam et Aroux représentent la volonté d’une critique raisonnée de la doctrine philosophique et théologique dantesque. Dante et son œuvre s’inscrivent au cœur des mille agitations d’un dix-neuvième siècle qui reconfigure la France et l’Europe. La rémanence de l’espérance du voyageur cherchant à revoir les étoiles et à contempler la Trinité influence les réminiscences du progressisme plurivoque. La figure d’airain du poète acrimonieux et vengeur accompagne les esprits désenchantés. Celui qui devient l’égal des dieux après avoir affronté une Dame qui tue autant qu’elle ennoblit inspire les mystiques et ceux qui cherchent une nouvelle spiritualité. Le chantre de la foi, revenu dans le giron de l’Église après la conversion de son amour, réchauffe les catholiques. L’homme qui dédouble les pouvoirs comme les soleils de Rome devient un interlocuteur privilégié après l’Empire. Nous ne cherchons pas une liste exhaustive, thématique ou chronologique, notionnelle ou par auteur. À travers des exemples ayant valeur de paradigmes, nous montrons comment cette union de connaissance et d’usage créateur construit des FIGURES de Dante qui entrent en écho avec les inquiétudes et les espérances, les attentes et les angoisses, du Romantisme. Alors Dante et son « Poème Sacré » ne sont plus seulement des occasions de références. Ils deviennent un MYTHE au cœur du rapport entre mystique religieuse et initiation par l’Éternel-Féminin, engagement dans l’histoire et culte de la Beauté, aspiration à un sursaut régénérateur du monde et conscience amère du tragique de la scission entre l’Idéal et le Réel, mythe du Tombeau et promesse d’élévation spirituelle. Parmi les voies possibles, NOUS DEFENDONS UN DANTE SE VOUANT AU CULTE INITIATIQUE DES TOMBEAUX ET DES « DAMES QUI ONT L’INTELLECT D’AMOUR. » Il appartient à un catholicisme élargi, dilaté – le catholicisme transcendantal de Maistre qui assume son ésotérisme arcane fondé sur la polysémie des textes et la liberté accordée par Dante au commentaire. L’auteur de la Divine Comédie s’inscrit dans un Romantisme de plus en plus sombre, antimoderne, à la fois POUVOIR D’ANAMNESE D’UNE GRANDEUR ABOLIE ET PROPHETE D’UN MONDE EN GERMINATION, qui reprend ses thèmes : les questions de la laïcité, de la langue pour le peuple contre celle des dieux, de l’aspiration à l’idéal et à la communication du visible et de l’invisible, de la puissance métaphysique de la Dame. Notre Dante est celui qui doit choisir « l’autre voie », celle de la catabase nécessaire avant l’anabase ; et qui doit faire preuve de la plus grande piété envers les ombres. Alors ce Dante et ce Romantisme « ne descendent pas sans raison dans l’abîme » : ils y trouvent, notamment par la puissance de la parole, la promesse de l’EspritThis work builds a transcendental dantology based on a leibnizian paradigm of a perennial philosophy. Dante's name and work get on gradually in the life of spirit and French culture, after the astonishment of the Revolution, with the birth, the apogee, the decline and the transformed sequels of Romanticism. One love submitted to the rule of divisibility in direction of some fragments of the Divine Comedy turns into a first dantology. Archetypal figures coming from heterogeneous domains provide a conceptual and poetical framework at this double-crossed spiral: the reading of Dante's texts enlightened by present-day criticism; and the understanding of the divergent morphologies of the various moments of Romanticism. Dante appears as a thinker of history, political stakes, Christianism even in his internal and external limits, initiatory fact, sexual difference in which A POET BECOMES TRANSHUMAN THANKS TO BEATRICE'S LOVE AND VIRGIL'S GUIDING. Chateaubriand, Balzac, Nerval and Hugo are the paragons of a reading going to a free use, inaccurate but highly creative. Fauriel, Ozanam and Aroux represent the quest of a reasoned criticism of the philosophical and theological dantean doctrine. Dante and his work got included in the heart of thousands occasions of unrest of a nineteenth century that reconfigure France and Europe. The persistence of the hope of a traveller attempting to see once more the stars and contemplate the Trinity influence the reminiscences of progressivism in many aspects. The brazen figure of an acrimonious and revengeful poet goes with disenchanted minds. The one that becomes a companion of the other gods after struggling with an ennobling and killing Lady inspire the mystics and those who look for a new spirituality. The faith apologist, once he has got back into the bosom of the Church thanks to the conversion of his love, warms up the Catholics. The man who divides into two the powers as the suns of Rome turns to a favoured speaker after the Empire. We don't look for an exhaustive, thematical, notional, chronological or nominal list. But, through examples as paradigms, it's shown how that union between knowledge and creative use builds, in less than a century, some figures of Dante that echo with the concerns and hopes, expectations and anguishes, of Romanticism. In this way Dante and his "Sacred Poem" aren't reductive to citations occasions. They become a myth at the heart of the relation between religious mystic and initiation thanks to the Eternal-Feminine, commitment in history and cult of Beauty, craving for a world-wide regenerative burst and being aware of the tragic scission between Ideal and Real, myth of the Tomb and promise of spiritual elevation. Among the various possibilities, WE DEFEND A DANTE DEVOTED TO THE INITIATORY CULT OF THE SEPULCHRE AND THE "LADIES WHO GOT THE INTELLECT OF LOVE." He belongs to a broadened, dilated Catholicism - the transcendental Catholicism by Maistre, that takes on his Arcanum esotericism based on the polysemy of the texts and the freedom granted by Dante to the commentary. The author of the Divine Comedy takes place in a more and more gloomy, antimodernist, Romanticism; BOTH THE ANAMNESIS POWER OF AN ABOLISHED GREATNESS AND THE PROPHET FOR WORLD IN GERMINATION that picks his themes up again: questions of laicity, popular language in front of the gods 'one, aspiration at the Ideal and at the link between visible and invisible, metaphysical power of the Lady. Our Dante is the one who has to take care of "the other path", the catabasis before the anabases; and who has to show up the highest devotion toward the shadows. Then, this Dante and this Romanticism don't journey to the "deep randomly": here they find, in particular thanks to the power of Speech, the promise of the Spirit
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Berman, Julia E. "African American tropes in popular film /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091899.
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Aguiar, Adenilton Tavares de. "Discurso, persuasão e subjetividade : um estudo sobre os hiperbolismos paulinos." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=611.
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O presente trabalho realiza um estudo sobre o estilo literário do apóstolo Paulo, mais precisamente no que se refere ao uso de expressões enfáticas nas homologoumena, i.e., as
epístolas cuja autenticidade não é renunciada na academia. A pesquisa busca estabelecer um entrelace entre Teologia, Linguística e Ciências da Religião. À luz da Análise do Discurso e por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de entender quem foi Paulo sua formação em Tarso, sua personalidade, aprendizado em Jerusalém, sua vida como fariseu , pretende-se assimilar as razões que levaram o apóstolo a adotar um estilo enfático e tão peculiar em relação aos demais autores do Novo Testamento. Ademais, apresenta-se uma nova
taxonomia para as quatro categorias de expressões analisadas, i. e., a Epáuxese, a Hipértese, a Hipérbole e a Hipéroque. Tais expressões foram tratadas como subcategorias de uma figura de linguagem a qual estamos chamando de Hiperbolismo. O trabalho está dividido em três
capítulos: no primeiro, é discutida a intensidade do discurso paulino com base na ocorrência de verbos compostos e advérbios de intensidade; no segundo, discute-se a noção de
emotividade no discurso paulino, a partir da ocorrência de hipérboles e expressões de autoexaltação; no terceiro, busca-se explicar as razões que levaram Paulo a adotar um estilo
enfático. Por ora, conclui-se que não é possível explicar o uso frequente de hiperbolismos, ao longo das homologoumena, por apenas um viés. Há várias questões envolvidas, não
excludentes, mas complementares entre siThis paper makes a study on the literary style of the apostle Paul, more precisely regarding the use of emphatic expressions in the homologoumena, i. e., the epistles whose authenticity is not denied in scholarship. The research seeks to establish points of contact between Theology, Linguistics and Religions Sciences. In the light of discourse analysis and by means of a bibliographical research in order to understand who was Paul his education in Tarsus, his personality, his training in Jerusalem, his life as Pharisee - , it is intended to assimilate the reasons which led the apostle to adopt a so peculiar and emphatic style than the other New Testament authors. Moreover, it is presented a new taxonomy for the four expressions categories analyzed, i. e., epauxesis, hyperthesis, hyperbole, and hyperoche. Such expressions were taken as subcategories of a figure of speech that we are calling hyperbolism. The paper is divided in three chapters: in the first one, it is discussed the intensity of the Pauline discourse based on the occurrence of compound verbs and adverbs of intensity; in the second, it is discussed the notion of emotionality in the Pauline discourse from the occurrence of hyperboles and self-exaltation expressions; in the third, it is sought to explain the reasons which led Paul to adopt an emphatic style. For now, it is concluded that it is not possible explain the frequent use of hyperbolism, along the homologoumena, in just one way. There are several issues involved, which do not exclude themselves, but are complementary
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Pinheiro, Noslen Nascimento. "Retórica do consumo: o discurso em ação persuasiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14386.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-16Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In the face of several possibilities of studying that the advertising discourse provides, we propose, in this study, a rhetorical analysis of the titles in advertisements published in magazines, in Brazil, from 1808 to 2015. In some cases, the analyses will be extended to the additional texts in order to shed light on certain argumentative intentions of the orator. Our proposal is mainly based in Rhetoric theoretical fundaments, presented in Chapter 1, and sustained in Aristotle s Rhetoric (1985), which is presented and extended by Chaïm Perelman & Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005) as the New Rethoric and Olivier Reboul (2004), among other important argumentation theorists. The Chapter 2 describes the text advertisements structure, since the conception of the advertisement until the lexical choice for the text. In order to put forward the text configuration, we based our research mainly in João Anzanello Carrascoza (1999/2004) and Jorge S. Martins (1997) studies, among others. In Chapter 3, the advertisements are displayed, transcribed and analyzed based on the on the precepts of the New Rhetoric. When analysing the corpus, we outline ideological, cultural and social issues presente in the sentence macrostructure. We also consider the rhetorical context and e the rhetorical places, from which the linguistic materials revels ways the orator achieves the acceptance or adherence. We also identified the figures of rhetorical speech applied for argumentative purposes
Diante das inúmeras possibilidades de estudo que o discurso publicitário proporciona, propomos, neste trabalho, uma análise retórica dos títulos de anúncios veiculados em revistas impressas de 1808 a 2015, no Brasil. Em alguns casos, a análise se estende aos textos adicionais para elucidar as intenções argumentativas do orador. Nossa proposta baseia-se essencialmente em uma fundamentação teórica sobre a retórica, exposta no capítulo 1, as quais são baseadas nas teorias de Aristóteles (1985), apresentadas a partir das concepções da Nova Retórica de estudiosos como Chaïm Perelman & Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005) e Olivier Reboul (2004), dentre outros. O capítulo 2 trata da estrutura do texto publicitário, desde a concepção do anúncio até a escolha lexical. Para elucidar a configuração do texto, baseamo-nos principalmente nas proposições de João Anzanello Carrascoza (1999/2004) e Jorge S. Martins (1997), dentre outros. No capítulo 3, os anúncios são exibidos, transcritos e analisados a partir dos preceitos da retórica moderna. Na análise, são delineados traços ideológicos, culturais e/ou sociais presentes na macroestrutura textual dos títulos. São considerados também o contexto e os lugares retóricos, a partir dos quais o material linguístico revela as intenções do orador. Por fim, são identificadas as figuras de retórica aplicadas para fins argumentativos
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Van, der Merwe Kristin Catherine. "The comprehension of figurative language by Afrikaans-speaking children with and without specific language impairment and by child second language speakers of Afrikaans." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21912.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Children experiencing language disorders have often been noted to have difficulty in comprehending figurative language, to a greater or lesser degree. The present study examined and compared the comprehension of figurative language, namely idioms and similes, in three groups of boys between the ages of 8 and 10. These three groups included (i) typically developing Afrikaans first language speakers, (ii) typically developing Afrikaans second language speakers (L2) and (iii) Afrikaans first language speakers with specific language impairment (SLI). A total of 18 participants were studied. The participants were interviewed individually and tests were conducted verbally. 25 idioms and 25 similes obtained from Die Afrikaanse Semantiese Taalevaluering (AST) were used. No contexts were provided for the idioms initially, but if the participant produced an incorrect or literal answer for the idiom, the idiom was placed in context. The use of context proved to be beneficial to all groups. Similes were read to the participant, who had to provide the final word as a response. The similes proved easier for all groups to comprehend, possibly due to their greater explicitness. The data were analysed statistically, but due to the small sample size, the participants were also examined individually as case studies, which provided further insight into the results obtained and revealed the non-homogeneity within the SLI group. The performance of the SLI group proved to be slightly inferior to that of the other two groups, but no statistically significant differences were found among the three groups. The L2 participants were asked to translate the idioms and similes into English. It was found that the Afrikaans idioms and similes were seldom likened to their English equivalents. Idioms which were semantically and syntactically similar or identical to the Afrikaans sentences often incited literal interpretations. Incorrect phonological transfers also appeared to create confusion and to obscure meaning. The L2 speakers’ difficulties possibly arose from (i) a lack of familiarity with figurative language, (ii) an inability to grasp figurative language, and/or (iii) a lack of proficiency in Afrikaans. Pedagogical implications and recommendations are discussed, and comments are made regarding future research on this topic.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kinders met taalversteurings blyk dikwels ook tot 'n minder of meerdere mate probleme te hê met die begrip van figuurlike taal. Hierdie studie ondersoek en vergelyk die begrip van figuurlike taal, naamlik idiome en vergelykings, in drie groepe seuns tussen die ouderdomme van 8 en 10 jaar. Hierdie drie groepe sluit in (i) tipies-ontwikkelende Afrikaans eerstetaalsprekers, (ii) tipies ontwikkelende Afrikaans tweedetaalsprekers, en (iii) Afrikaans eertetaalsprekers met spesifieke taalgestremdheid (STG). 'n Totaal van 18 deelnemers is bestudeer. Onderhoude is individueel met elke deelnemer gevoer en toetse is verbaal uitgevoer. 25 idiome van Die Afrikaanse Semantiese Taalevaluering (AST) is gebruik. Aanvanklik is geen konteks gegee nie, maar indien die deelnemer 'n verkeerde of letterlike antwoord vir 'n idioom gegee het, is die idioom in konteks geplaas. Die gebruik van konteks het in alle groepe 'n positiewe effek gehad. Vergelykings is aan deelnemers gelees, waar hulle as respons die laaste woord moes verskaf. Die vergelykings was vir alle groepe makliker vir begrip, moontlik weens hulle hoër vlak van eksplisiteit. Die data is statisties geanaliseer, maar weens die klein aantal deelnemers is elkeen ook individiueel as 'n gevallestudie ondersoek, wat verdere insigte in die resultate gelewer het, en die nie-homogeniteit van die STG groep aangedui het. Die prestasie van die deelnemers met STG was effens onder dié van die ander twee groepe, maar geen statisties-beduidende verskille is onder die drie groepe gevind nie. Die tweedetaal-deelnemers is gevra om die idiome en vergelykings in Engels te vertaal. Daar is gevind dat die Afrikaanse idiome en vergelykings selde aan hulle Engelse ekwivalente gekoppel is. Letterlike interpretasies is dikwels gegee vir idiome wat sintakties en semanties eenders is as die Afrikaanse sin. Verkeerde fonologiese oordragte het ook verwarring veroorsaak en betekenis verduister. Die probleme van die tweedetaal-deelnemers is moontlik as gevolg van (i) onvoldoende vertroudheid met figuurlike taal, (ii) onvermoë om figuurlike taal te interpreteer, en/of (iii) onvoldoende vaardigheid in Afrikaans. Pedagogiese implikasies en aanbevelings word bespreek, en kommentaar word gelewer oor verdere ondersoek op hierdie gebied.
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Gonçalez, Andresa Liberato. "Interpretação de textos, com figuras de linguagem em sua composição, por alunos do ensino fundamental com transtornos do espectro do autismo." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1627.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-21Scientific studies show the difficulty of understanding a metaphor for people with Autism Spectrum Disorders, which leads us to question the understanding of other figures of speech by this group of subjects. The topic in question refers to the understanding of figures of speech for students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) who attend elementary school to verify whether the study participants understand the meaning of certain figures of speech - Hyperbole and Onomatopoeia - contextualized in narrative texts, poems and comics. Set the understanding of these two figures of speech can significantly contribute to the school development of people with ASD, especially in the area of codes and languages so, especially in the discipline of Portuguese, as described in the guiding document "Currículo Oficial do Estado de São Paulo" (2008). A Protocol for Educational Activity was developed and implemented for 09 students with ASD, the elementary school, aged 10-14 years and 18 students of the same age and without ASD, matched by grade with the experimental group. For students with ASD, the application occurred at two different times, first they responded to the protocol without any assistance. Subsequently, the protocol was read by the researcher and answered orally by the students. The results were similar in both applications. Students with ASD showed less than the control group performance on some issues, however, the general framework, the results were similar between the two groups, which leads us to infer that the students analyzed include such figures of speech in the context that had them presented. This condition may be due to exposure of these students to communication situations permeated by these figures, such as conversations with classmates and teachers, texts everyday school, textbooks and books also through the media and in recreational settings such as video games, which may indicate that this group studied had been adequately stimulated regarding this type of educational content.
Estudos científicos apontam a dificuldade de compreensão de metáfora por pessoas com Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo, o que nos leva a indagar sobre a compreensão de outras figuras de linguagem por parte deste grupo de sujeitos. O tema estudado refere-se à compreensão de figuras de linguagem por alunos com Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) que cursam o Ensino Fundamental, visando verificar se os participantes do estudo compreendem o significado de determinadas figuras de linguagem Hipérbole e Onomatopeia contextualizadas em textos narrativos, poemas e história em quadrinhos. Definir a compreensão destas duas figuras de linguagem pode contribuir de modo significativo para o desenvolvimento escolar de pessoas com TEA, principalmente na área de Códigos e Linguagens, sobretudo na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa, como descrito no documento norteador Currículo Oficial do Estado de São Paulo (2008). Um Protocolo de Atividade Pedagógica foi elaborado e aplicado em 09 alunos com TEA, do Ensino Fundamental, na faixa etária de 10 a 14 anos e em 18 alunos na mesma faixa etária e sem diagnóstico de TEA, pareados por série escolar com o grupo experimental. Para os alunos com TEA, a aplicação ocorreu em dois momentos distintos, primeiramente eles responderam ao Protocolo sem nenhum auxílio. Posteriormente, o Protocolo foi lido pela pesquisadora e respondido oralmente pelos alunos. Os resultados foram semelhantes em ambas as aplicações. Os alunos com TEA apresentaram um desempenho inferior ao grupo controle em algumas questões, todavia, em âmbito geral, os resultados foram similares entre os dois grupos, o que nos leva a inferir que os alunos analisados compreendem tais figuras de linguagem no contexto que lhes fora apresentado. Tal condição pode dever-se a exposição desses alunos a situações de comunicação permeadas por estas figuras, tais como diálogos com colegas de escola e professores, textos do cotidiano escolar, livros paradidáticos e também através da mídia e em contextos lúdicos, como jogos eletrônicos, o que pode indicar a que este grupo estudado fora adequadamente estimulado em relação a este tipo de conteúdo escolar.
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Nunes, Darcijane dos Santos. "Efeitos de sentido de figuras de linguagem no gênero anúncio publicitário: uma abordagem dialógica." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7718.
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arquivototal.pdf: 1020336 bytes, checksum: 6687d22ac21331caf2a0af840d15cc47 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T12:21:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1020336 bytes, checksum: 6687d22ac21331caf2a0af840d15cc47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-05
This research will show what are the sense effects produced by figures of speech in advertisement gender. Considering that, the figures of speech are more studied in literature and there are not many works about this theme found in discursive field, we try to develop a research that allow to see the importance of the figures of speech to the sense production of the discourse, especially, in advertisement gender. We used as theoretical reference, the works developed by researchers of the discursive area based on Bakhtin, like Beth Brait (2006), CristovãoTezza (2001), Augusto Ponzio (2009) and others researchers that agree with Bakhtin’s idea. As theoretical category we will use the notion of enunciate, discursive gender, stile and polyphony proposed by Bakhtin (2010), as well as the conception of the ideological sign proposed by Voloshinov (1997). For that, we try to show the discursive character of the phenomenon above mentioned, for that, we did a theoretical journey in Bakhtin’s study about the conception of language, dialogic, enunciate, ideological sign, polyphony, discursive gender and stile. This is a bibliographic, explanatory and documental research, and is about the analysis of the sense produced by the figures of speech in advertisement gender, this theme also embrace the analysis of linguistic phenomenon and no linguistic, like, metaphors, metonymy, personification, images, colors and extra verbal elements, like, the position of readers/ consumer and producer/author in relation of the announced advertisement and the situational context. We tried to show, with this research, that the meaning are built in a social and historical way, and when we analyzed them through the enunciatively-discursive prism, we can see multiple meanings that are only possible to be revealing when we consider the extraverbal elements ( Visual elements, social and historical context and the subjects that are involved in the discourse), because the word, does not bring itself the expressive cargo and, when people doing a structural analysis, they do not consider the most important part of the enunciate that promotes the sense effects.
O presente estudo visa mostrar quais os efeitos de sentido produzidos pela utilização de figuras de linguagem no gênero anúncio publicitário. Tendo em vista que as figuras de linguagem são mais observadas no campo da literatura e poucos são os estudos desenvolvidos em torno desse mecanismo discursivo no campo da Análise do discurso, procuramos desenvolver uma pesquisa que evidenciasse a importância das figuras de linguagem para a produção de sentidos dos discursos, principalmente, no gênero anúncio publicitário. Utilizamos como referencial teórico os trabalhos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores da área dos estudos do discurso de base bakhtiniana, tais como: Beth Brait (2006), Cristovão Tezza (2001), Augusto Ponzio (2009) entre outros pesquisadores que corroboram as ideias de Bakhtin. Como categorias teórico-analíticas, utilizamos as noções de enunciado, gênero discursivo, estilo e polifonia postuladas por Bakhtin (2010), bem como a concepção de signo ideológico proposta por Voloshinov (1997). Para tanto, buscamos evidenciar o caráter discursivo dos fenômenos supramencionados por meio de um percurso teórico em torno dos estudos bakhtinianos, referente às concepções de língua, linguagem, dialogismo, enunciado, signo ideológico, polifonia, gêneros discursivos e estilo. Esta pesquisa é de caráter bibliográfico, explicativo e documental e consiste na análise da produção de sentidos de figuras de linguagem nos anúncios publicitários, tema esse que abrange a análise de fenômenos linguísticos e extralinguísticos, tais como: metáforas, metonímias, personificação, imagens, cores e elementos extraverbais, como a posição do leitor/consumidor e do produtor/ autor em relação ao anúncio veiculado e o contexto situacional. Procuramos mostrar, através da análise do corpus selecionado, que os sentidos são construídos sócio-historicamente e ao analisar as figuras de linguagem pelo prisma enunciativo-discursivo, observamos uma multiplicidade de sentidos que só são possíveis de ser desvelados a partir da observância aos elementos extraverbais (elementos visuais, contexto social e histórico, sujeitos envolvidos no discurso), pois a palavra, por si só, não traz consigo uma carga expressiva e, ao fazer uma análise estritamente estrutural, como se os elementos verbais e extraverbais presentes nos anúncios fossem puramente homogêneos, são deixadas de lado partes significativas do enunciado que promovem os efeitos de sentido.
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Fleyfel, Mimi. "La traduction des titres de presse économique : analyse et reproduction stylistique et rhétorique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA039/document.
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Nous proposons dans cette recherche de mener un travail explorateur sur la problématique de la traduction des titres dans la presse économique destinée à la vulgarisation. De ce fait, notre but est d’aboutir à des observations empiriques et proposer une approche de traduction adaptée à ces énoncés.Nous avons exploré, dans la première partie, les fondements théoriques et pratiques en traductologie et examiné les différents éléments en œuvre dans l’activité traductionnelle. Nous avons également proposé une approche de traduction adaptée aux titres de presse et à la leur spécificité linguistique et stylistique. Ce procédé appelle à une exploration analytique de la textuelle de départ aux niveaux de la linguistique et de la stylistique afin d’établir une équivalence qui puisse configurer la formation structurale et préserver sa portée, d’une part, et transmettre ses effets rhétoriques, d’autre part. Cette approche nous permet de décider de la démarche suivie pour aboutir à l’équivalence recherchée, d’où la pratique d’une traduction bijective, injective, surjective, ou libre. Dans la partie empirique, nous avons analysé deux corpus en nous basant sur les types de traduction proposés. Le premier a été prélevé afin de juger du degré d’adéquation de chaque traduction en matière de pertinence sémantique et de fonctionnalité du parcours suivi. Le deuxième a été prélevé en raison des particularités stylistiques des titres sélectionnés afin d’établir des équivalences illustratives du modèle configuratif transmissionnel proposé.La conclusion porte sur des constatations formulées sur les procédés suivis dans les corpus choisis et sur le modèle configuratif transmissionnel proposéThis research aims at exploring problematic issues relating to the translation of headlines in popular, economic magazines. Hence, it means to derive relevant empirical observations and propose a translation theory adapted to the headlines in question.With that objective in mind, we have allotted the initial part of our research to the theoretical and practical approaches encountered in translation studies and examined the various elements at work during the translation process. We have also proposed a model of translation adapted to headlines and their linguistic and stylistic characteristics. This approach calls for an analytical exploration of the source text at the linguistic and stylistic levels in order to establish an equivalence that reflects its structural formation and preserves its impact, on the one hand, and conveys its rhetorical effects, on the other. Such an approach is also decisive in establishing the process to follow to deliver the equivalence being sought through three types of translation: bijective, injective, surjective, or free. In the empirical part of our study, we have analyzed two selected bodies based on the types of translation proposed. The analysis of the first body was meant to evaluate the degree of adequacy of each rendition in terms of semantic relevancy and functionality. The analysis of the second body, which is made up of headlines selected for their stylistic peculiarities, was meant to establish illustrative equivalences of the configurative transmissional model we have proposed.In the concluding part of our research, we have formulated observations of all the processes studied in the selected bodies and in the proposed model
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Shinko, Anastasiia. "Michel Tournier ou l'écriture figurale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2044.
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La figure étant au cœur de l'œuvre tourniérienne, cette thèse cherche à explorer les stratégies énonciatives et les pratiques d'écriture de Michel Tournier. La projection de la philosophie particulière de l'écrivain sur le texte narratif est éclairée au niveau énonciatif : les jeux sémantiques, les manipulations lexicales et les figures du discours exploitées sont autant de moyens d'influencer la conscience du lecteur. La sémantique, la sémiotique, la pragmatique et la praxématique sont alors les piliers de ce travail. La langue étant mise au service de pensées philosophiques de l'écrivain, celui-ci place le mythe, qui semble réconcilier l'imaginaire et le réel, au centre de perspective. À la lumière de la philosophie de l'écrivain, le récit s'articule autour du monde fictionnel du personnage, qui emprunte, en même temps, des réalités au monde de référence du lecteur. Le binôme réel-imaginaire - qui s'accompagne d'une autre opposition de l'objectivité et de la subjectivité - fait ainsi l'objet de cette thèse au niveau sémantique. L'analyse du travail créateur de Michel Tournier implique aussi l'étude, d'une part, de l'interaction du signifié et du signifiant et, d'autre part, des rapports isotopiques et allotopiques des termes mis en rapport. Les investigations sur le style d'écriture de l'auteur concernent 10 textes - romans et récits brefs - regroupés par l'outil textométrique Hyperbase, développé au sein du laboratoire Bases, Corpus, Langage. Dans un souci d'exhaustivité, cette étude s'alimente aussi d'autres textes, qui fournissent des illustrations de plus des démarches effectuées par l'écrivain. La mise en contraste des écrits tourniériens avec des textes d'autres auteurs enrichit aussi l'analyse textuelle du corpus évoqué, qui débouche sur une mise en évidence des spécificités du style de Michel TournierThe figure being at the heart of Tournier's texts, this thesis is focused on exploring the enunciative strategies and writing practices of Michel Tournier. The projection of the writer's particular philosophy onto the narrative text is considered at the enunciative level: semantic manipulations, word combinations and figures of speech are all means of influencing the reader's consciousness. In that respect, semantics, semiotics, pragmatics and praxematics are the pillars of this work. Exploring the potential of language to express philosophical thoughts in writing, the author places myth - which seems to reconcile the imaginary and the real - at the center of perspective. Corresponding to the writer's philosophy, the story revolves around the fictional world of the main character, which borrows, at the same time, realities from the reader's world of reference. Thus, the real-imaginary binary - which is accompanied by another opposition of objectivity and subjectivity - is the subject of this thesis at the semantic level. The analysis of the creative work of the writer also concerns the interaction between the signified and the signifier and the problematics of isotopy and allotopy of combined terms. The investigations of the author's writing style concern 10 texts - novels and short stories - grouped by the Hyperbase textometric tool, developed within the Bases, Corpus, Language laboratory. For the sake of completeness, this study also draws on other texts, which provide more examples of the maneuvers carried out by the writer. Comparing to other authors also enriches the textual analysis of the mentioned corpus, which ultimately leads to a highlighting of the specificities of Michel Tournier's style
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Farhat, Amina. "Figures du discours critique : la réception humoristique des Rougon-Macquart de Zola (Pastiches et Caricatures)." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030161.
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Considérés pendant longtemps comme des moyens de dérision et de moquerie grivoise et insensée, les pastiches et les caricatures adressés à l’œuvre zolienne avaient été souvent relégués au rang de critique « légère », marginale et inutile. Or notre travail consiste à démontrer, supports humoristiques à l’appui, que tout en étant comique et dérisoire, cette manière un peu particulière de présenter le texte littéraire était un moyen efficace de lire, comprendre, analyser et critiquer l’œuvre zolienne. Ainsi et tout en tournant en dérision le chef naturaliste et ses ouvrages, pasticheurs et caricaturistes étaient les premiers sinon les seuls à pénétrer le sens profond de la pensée et de la création zoliennes, à voir les différentes nuances du style et de l’imaginaire zoliens et à pouvoir rendre compte de la spécificité d’une œuvre à la fois une et multiple. Pastiches et caricatures s’avèrent ainsi des moyens d’institutionnalisation qui, en reprenant la norme zolienne et en la perpétuant, avaient participé à constituer l’œuvre raillée comme création littéraire incontournable et donc à la réhabiliter en tant que texte littéraire à part entière. Ainsi, tout en faisant du rire et de l’exagération les fondements même de sa lecture critique, cette réception humoristique s’avère être l’une des figures les plus importantes sinon la plus importante et la plus « sérieuse » de la réception naturaliste du XIXème siècleConsidered during a long time as means of derision and smutty and insane mockery, lampoons and caricatures addressed to zolien’s work had often been relegated to the rank of light, marginal and useless critic. However our work consists in demonstrating that while being comic and desidory, this manner a few particular to present the literary text was a means efficient to read, to understand, to analyse and to criticize zolien’s work. So and as turning in derision the naturalistic chief and his works, caricaturists were the first otherwise the alone to penetrate the deep sense of the thought and zolien’s creation, to see the diffrent nuances of the style and the zolien’s imaginary and to be able to return account of the specificity of a work one at a time and multiple. Lampoons and caricatures prove to be thus of institutionalization means that, while taking zolien’s norm and while perpetrating it, had participated in to constitute the work laughed at like creation literary therefore to clear it as fully-fledged literary text. Thus, and all while doing of the laughter and the exaggeration the same foundations of his readings, this humorous receipt proves to be one of the most important faces otherwise the more important and most serious of the naturalistic receipt to the XIXth century
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Rejeb, Sara. "Les pamphlets d'avant le Pamphlet : formes stylistiques et rhétorique du genre. A l'exemple de l'affaire Calas." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL043.
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Cette thèse porte sur le pamphlet au XVIIIe siècle, à travers une étude de ses formes stylistiques et la rhétorique du genre - à l’exemple de l’affaire Calas. Nous avons opté pour une crise religieuse, relevant de l’engagement littéraire d’un écrivain, autour d’un axe événementiel, propice à l’apparition d’une production pamphlétaire. Notre analyse s’est orientée vers un détour lexicographique des différentes étapes, menant le pamphlet à son acception actuelle. Ce terme, apparu en 1842 avec P.-L. Courriel, constituait un anglicisme chez Voltaire, et se manifestait dans une multiplicité de formes connexes. Notre hypothèse considérait le pamphlet comme un genre littéraire à part entière, aux côtés des formes canoniques. Nous avons décrit et analysé les dimensions structurelles du pamphlet pour dégager ses traits définitoires. C’est à partir de l’analyse spécifique de notre corpus, et tout en évitant de plaquer un modèle préétabli, que nous avons dégagé une structure typologique propre au pamphlet. Nous avons repéré, dans un corpus délimité, des réseaux de genres et sous-genres, à partir de la répartition statistique des traits grammaticaux, et des procédés rhétoriques et stylistiques. Ainsi, il s’est avéré que celui-ci recélait dix dimensions structurelles : pragmatique, énonciative, polyphonique, intellective, idéologique, axiologique, passionnelle, stylistique, et rhétorique ou argumentative. En empruntant à la rhétorique et à la stylistique certains de leurs instruments conceptuels, nous avons démontré que les écrits relatifs à l’affaire Calas répondaient potentiellement à la définition moderne du genre, proposée par M. Angenot et O. Ferret. Certaines caractéristiques définitoires nous ont permis d’admettre l’existence du pamphlet avant son apparition officielle, et donc l’existence de sa pratique avant sa théorisationThe current work deals with pamphlet in XVIIIth century. It concerns the stylistic and the rhetoric forms of this literature’s kind as the Calas case by Voltaire. This religious crisis showed the implication of a writer and which probably led to the emergence of the pamphlet. Our analysis was based on lexicographical study and which aimed to plot the different steps that have led the pamphlet to its current meaning. The term pamphlet appeared in 1842 with P.-L. Courriel and was considered by Voltaire as an Anglicism and which was appeared in several related forms. Our hypothesis considers the pamphlet as a full independent literary genre, alongside the canonical forms. We tried to analyze and describe the structural dimensions of the pamphlet to reveal its defining lines. By a specific analysis of our instance case and without applying a pre-established model, we provided a specific typological structure to the pamphlet. Based on a delimited corpus and using the statistical distribution of the grammatical traits and the rhetoric and stylistic processes, we were able to identify networks of literary genres and subgenres. By this analysis we showed that there are ten structural dimensions: pragmatic, enunciative, polyphonic, intellective, ideological, axiological, passionate, stylistic, and rhetoric or argumentative. According to the conceptual features of rhetoric and stylistic, we showed that relative papers to Calas case were potentially in accordance with the modern definition of pamphlet as proposed by M. Angenot and O. Ferret. Some of the defining characteristics admit the existence of the pamphlet before its official appearance, and thus the existence of its practice before its theorization
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Kuznietsova, Anastasiia. "Les euphémismes et dysphémismes en ukrainien pour décrire les hommes et les femmes - aspects linguistiques et ethnoculturels." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0014.
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Cette thèse étudie la formation et le fonctionnement des euphémismes et des dysphémismes ukrainiens genrés. L’étude se concentre sur l’emploi de ce type d’expressions dans les textes littéraires ukrainiens écrits entre le XIX e siècle et nos jours. Elle comporte une dimension linguistique : elle se penche sur la signification lexicale, les mécanismes de création et le registre stylistique des euphémismes et des dysphémismes. L’étude comporte également une dimension ethnolinguistique et de genre, dans la mesure où elle s’attache à décrire l'influence de la culture et des stéréotypes de genre sur le développement, la formation et le fonctionnement des figures de style analysées. L’étude est complétée par un dictionnaire des euphémismes et dysphémismes, disponible sous forme électronique. L’analyse des données met en évidence une nette prévalence du dysphémisme sur l’euphémisme dans les œuvres des auteurs étudiés. Par ailleurs, on constate que la majorité des entrées appartient au registre familier et vulgaire. Les items masculins sont nombreux dans les groupes lexico-sémantiques décrivant la stupidité, la mollesse, les défauts physiques, l’inexpérience, l’alcoolisme, la pauvreté et l’orientation sexuelle non traditionnelle. En revanche, on trouve davantage d’occurrences féminines dans les champs lexicaux de l’agressivité, de la vulgarité, de la prostitution, de la malpropreté et de la laideur physique. L’étude des euphémismes et des dysphémismes genrés sous l’angle ethnolinguistique permet de mettre au jour les représentations stéréotypées des hommes et des femmes qui avaient cours à certaines époques et persistent au sein de la société ukrainienne d’aujourd’huiThis thesis studies the formation and functioning of gender specific euphemisms and dysphemisms in Ukrainian (i.e. referring to men or women). The study focuses on their use in Ukrainian literary texts written between the nineteenth century and the present day. It has a linguistic dimension: dealing in particular with the lexical meaning, the mechanisms of creation and the stylistic register of euphemisms and dysphemisms. The study also has an ethnolinguistic and gender dimension – it attempts to describe the influence of traditional culture and gender stereotypes on the development, formation and functioning of the analyzed figures of style. The study is completed by a dictionary of Ukrainian gender specific euphemisms and dysphemisms, also available in electronic form. The analysis of the data collected shows a clear prevalence of dysphemisms in the works studied. Moreover, we note that the majority of entries belong to the familiar and vulgar register. Male items are particularly numerous in lexico-semantic groups describing fatuity, faintness, physical defects, inexperience, alcoholism, poverty and non-traditional sexual orientation. On the other hand, there are more female occurrences in the lexical fields of aggression, vulgarity, prostitution, grubbiness and physical unattractiveness. The study of gender specific euphemisms and dysphemisms from the ethno-linguistic angle, reveals the stereotypical depictions of men and women that prevailed at certain times and persist in today's Ukrainian society
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Mécemmène, Céline. "Analyse terminologique trilingue du langage des agences de notation financière et analyse de divers aspects de la traduction économique et financière." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2004.
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Notre travail de recherche se base sur deux sujets complémentaires ; une analyse des termes économiques et financiers suivie d’une analyse de la traduction économique et financière. La notation financière est une discipline relativement nouvelle mais très d’actualité, cependant sa terminologie principalement anglo-saxonne, demeure encore équivoque et ambiguë notamment en arabe. Notre objectif dans un premier temps, est de faire découvrir aux profanes les agences de notation financière ainsi que leur terminologie très technique mais en même temps très vivante. Nous proposons ensuite une étude comparative des termes économiques et financiers français avec leurs équivalents arabes et anglais à travers l’analyse de différentes figures de style et procédés linguistiques. Nous abordons dans un second temps la problématique de la traduction économique et financière dans les trois langues ; français, anglais, et arabe. Nous nous sommes appuyées sur une variété de textes extraits de la presse spécialisée et du site du Fonds Monétaire International (FMI). Notre thèse s’attache à présenter les agences de notation financière restant jusqu’ici peu connues par le grand public, vulgariser la terminologie économique et financière avant d’aborder les divers aspects de la traduction de ce domaine ; ses caractéristiques ainsi que ses difficultésThe subject of our thesis is based on the study of two complementary essential points: a presentation of the main rating agencies and a terminology research in the economic and the financial field. We aim firstly to establish clearly the economic and financial concepts and terms in French with their equivalents in English and Arabic. The second point deals with the analysis of the economic and financial translation in the three languages (French-English-Arabic). Our goal is to analyze the characteristics of this specialized field, to compare translation results in the three languages then try to find out and analyze the problems encountered by economic and financial translators. Finance is a very broad field that represents many sub-domains however, terminology research in the financial rating sub-domain has been little developed, we decided then to introduce the financial rating agencies and to study their termionology. The reality is that until today, the economic and financial terminology is not clearly established in the French and Arabic languages which borrow a lot from the English language. We aim then to perform a theoretical and practical research, as we believe that the two approaches are complementary and enrich each other. In fact, terminology and translation are complementary and economic and financial translation requires numerous skills such as linguistic skills, and knowledge of the field of economy and finance
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Winberg, Christine. "The comprehension of figurative language in English literary texts by students for whom English is not a mother tongue." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002649.
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This study applies Sperber and Wilson's relevance theory to the comprehension of figurative language in poetry. Students' understanding of metaphor as a linguistic category and comprehension of metaphorical texts are analysed in terms of the principle of relevance. Patterns of comprehension in English first language (Ll) and English second language (ESL) students' analyses of metaphorical texts are discussed and through an analysis of similarities and differences in these patterns of comprehension an attempt is made to develop a pedagogy around relevance theory. Relevance theory's particular emphasis on the role played by "context" in cognition is seen to have significance for the teaching of literature in South African universities. Relevance theory's account of cognition generates a range of educational principles which could be specifically applied to the teaching of metaphor. An appraisal of the strengths and difficulties students experience in expressing their understanding of metaphor in an academic context is included. This was done to further develop relevance theory into a pedagogical approach which takes into account the academic context in which writing occurs. The investigation of the particular difficulties that English metaphor poses for ESL students entailed acquiring a working knowledge of the ways in which metaphor is taught and assessed in DET schools. The interpretations of students of different linguistic, social and educational backgrounds reveal unifying elements that could be incorporated into a pedagogy based on relevance theory. Such a pedagogy would be appropriate to the multilingual/multicultural/multiracial nature of classes in South African universities and would be a more empowering approach to the teaching of English metaphor.
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Прокопенко, Наталiя Миколаївна, Наталья Николаевна Прокопенко, Nataliia Mykolaivna Prokopenko, and К. Хачатар’ян. "Синтаксичні ресурси мови ЗМІ: стилістичний аспект (на матеріалах газети "День")." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64771.
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Стаття присвячена дослідженню стилістичних можливостей синтаксичних
ресурсів мови засобів масової інформації у створенні емоційно увиразненого, логічно
побудованого висловлювання.The article is devoted to the research of stylistic possibilities of syntax resources of mass media language in the creation of emotionally expressed, logically constructed observation.
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Mendes, Leila Cristina. "As figuras de linguagem na Gramática secundária de Said Ali e na Moderna gramática portuguesa de Evanildo Bechara: um estudo descritivo-analítico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14185.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-22Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
This thesis is included in the Portuguese Language s History and Description of the Postgraduate Studies Program at Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Its object of study are the figures of speech presented in the Gramática Secundária da Língua Portuguesa (Portuguese Language Secondary Grammar) written by Manuel Said Ali and Moderna Gramática Portuguesa (Modern Grammar Portuguese) of Evanildo Bechara. This research main purpose is to describe and analyze how the books Gramática Secundária and Moderna Gramática Portuguesa discuss figures of speech. Since we are based in the line of thought of the History of Linguistic Ideas, this research considers the historical, political, social, economic, cultural and educational aspects of the context in which these grammars were built. The methodological procedure used/followed was the theoretical descriptive and analytical study whose stages were effective in finding answers to our goals. The relevance of this research is that both authors have produced grammars which have been reference in researching and teaching Portuguese Language.The results indicated that the authors, each within its historical moment, have known to produce rich, completes and accessible grammars in order to facilitate access to effective and practical knowledge of Portuguese language, clearly showing the importance of figures of speech in the linguistic construction. Notwithstanding, we conclude that this research may be continued, since we have studied only one book of each author and they still offer a rich production to be analyzed
Esta dissertação situa-se na linha de pesquisa História e Descrição da Língua Portuguesa do Programa de Estudos Pós Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Tem por objeto de estudo as figuras de linguagem presentes na Gramática Secundária da Língua Portuguesa de Manuel Said Ali e na Moderna Gramática Portuguesa de Evanildo Bechara. O objetivo principal que norteia esta pesquisa é descrever e analisar como as obras Gramática Secundária de Said Ali e a Moderna Gramática Portuguesa de Bechara abordam as figuras de linguagem. Por estar alicerçada nos pressupostos teóricos da História das Ideias Linguísticas, esta investigação considera os aspectos histórico, político, social, econômico, cultural e educacional em que as gramáticas foram construídas. O procedimento metodológico utilizado foi o teórico-descritivoanalítico, cujos passos foram eficazes no direcionamento da busca por respostas aos objetivos apresentados. A relevância desta pesquisa é justificada pelo fato de ambos os autores terem produzido gramáticas que serviram e servem, ainda hoje, como referência no ensino e pesquisa de língua portuguesa.Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os autores, cada um dentro do seu momento histórico, souberam produzir compêndios ricos, completos e acessíveis no intuito de facilitar o acesso ao conhecimento da língua portuguesa de forma prática e eficaz, mostrando claramente a importância das figuras de linguagem na construção linguística. Não obstante, podemos afirmar que esta pesquisa precisa ter continuidade, visto que foram estudadas apenas uma obra de cada autor, sendo que os mesmos oferecem uma vasta produção a ser analisada
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Svarvell, Teresa. "On the run : Cultural aspects, figurative language and runners’ jargon in the translation of training guides." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43982.
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This study investigates translation choices and challenges in the translation of two training guides focused on running. It tests the validity of Reiss’s text-type theory in the translation of cultural aspects. Furthermore, the study discusses to what extent equivalence can be reached when translating an aesthetic language and finally, it comments on some characteristics of typical runners’ language. The results show that Reiss’s text type theory is not sufficient to guide the translation of cultural differences in the SL and TL but an analysis on phrasal and lexical level is also needed, where Koller’s equivalence relations and Newmark’s communicative translation are applicable. The results also show that figurative language is indeed possible to translate in these kinds of texts, where among others compensation proves a useful strategy. Equivalence on all levels of the text, however, is not always possible to reach. Finally, the findings of a special runners’ language were rather limited, although some examples indicating a presence of a runners’ jargon were found.
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Lam, Melissa Karmen. "'The Pure Products of America Go Crazy' Defamiliarizing American Language and Culture in Lolita and The Crying of Lot 49." Thesis, University of Canterbury. English, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/942.
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My thesis centers on Lolita and The Crying of Lot 49 and the ways in which both novels defamiliarize our world and ways of thinking. Both novels use formal literary techniques as a way of making ordinary cultural artifacts, situations, and environments seem unfamiliar from our every day perceptions. This process of defamiliarizing the regular and everyday has the greater implications of estranging universal themes such as love, environment, and belonging. Both novels also question our precarious hold on corporeal reality by interpreting plot through two outside narrators whose trustworthiness is constantly placed into question. Unsurprisingly, Lolita and The Crying of Lot 49 unsettle the categories of truthfulness and reinvention in interpreting America's immediate cultural and environmental landscape. Both texts blur the distinction between recorded and imaginatively reconstructed worlds: just so, America has isolated our two narrators in the text from their immediate landscape. Interpretations of America are questioned in the thesis through the process of Shklovsky's theory of Defamiliarization interfaced with Freud's Uncanny in the novel. Language disobedience and discord also play a part and will be discussed through Bakhtin's theories on polyphonic language.
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Schuster, Patrícia Regina. "O FUNCIONAMENTO DA METÁFORA NO JORNALISMO DE REVISTA: TEMAS SINDICAIS EM VEJA E REVISTA DO BRASIL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3433.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do SulThe thesis aims at investigating the functioning of metaphor in journalism. We seek to establish an analytical bridge between metaphor as a figure of speech and the concept of metaphor as metaphorical process, whose author is Michel Pêcheux. Thus, we undertook our research from two distinct sites of speech: Veja magazine (Abril publisher) and Revista do Brazil (Attitude publisher). It was investigated how metaphor - discursive artifice - travels between paraphrastic and polysemic (stabilization or breaking of an order of senses) poles when narrating trade union issues, and verifying if this movement redounds in stimulating authoritative profile of journalistic discourse or introduces controversy. Specific objectives include: studying the speech site of the two publications; checking what are the meanings produced by the metaphors on trade union issues in the two vehicles; analyzing the functioning of metaphors, watching the traffic of your senses between paraphrase and polysemy; and point out the consequences of this performance for the journalistic discourse: or narrowing of a possible authoritarian condition or establishment of controversy. Shielded in the French Discourse Analysis, which was applied to a corpus comprising a total of 52 reports aired between July 2006 and July 2014, we confirm that metaphors are not just simple aesthetic element of journalism. The senses produced promote two types of functioning in both vehicles. In the first type, they reiterate paraphrastic Families and Discursive formations, which are already present in excerpts without metaphors, namely FD1 - disqualifying Speech (Veja), FD3 Speech of Combative Unionism, FD4 - Speech of Negotiator Unionism, and FD5 speech of Defensive Unionism (the last three of Revista do Brasil). In the second type of functioning, they simplify the speech, framing it in advertising models. In Veja the advertising models are based on religious terminology, aggressive and healthcare; in the Revista do Brasil, advertising models are based on physiological, topographical and pathological terminologies. In both cases, we find that this scenario promoted by the metaphor, paralyzes the discourse on labor issues (in most cases), so that the movements are paraphrastic, which exacerbates the authoritarian condition of journalistic discourse.
A tese tem por objetivo investigar o funcionamento da metáfora no jornalismo. Procuramos estabelecer uma ponte analítica entre a metáfora como figura de linguagem e o conceito de metáfora como processo metafórico, cujo autor é Michel Pêcheux. Assim, empreendemos nossa pesquisa a partir de dois lugares de fala distintos: revista Veja (editora Abril) e Revista do Brasil (editora Atitude). Procuramos neles estudar como a metáfora artifício discursivo - trafega entre os polos parafrásticos e polissêmicos (estabilização ou ruptura de uma ordem de sentidos) ao narrar temas sindicais e verificar se esse movimento redunda num estímulo ao perfil autoritário do discurso jornalístico ou introduz a polêmica. Como objetivos específicos, destacamos: estudar o lugar de fala das duas publicações; verificar quais são os sentidos produzidos pelas metáforas sobre temas sindicais nos dois veículos; analisar o funcionamento das metáforas, observando o trânsito dos seus sentidos entre paráfrases e polissemias; e apontar as consequências deste desempenho para o discurso jornalístico: ou estreitamento de numa possível condição autoritária ou instauração da polêmica. Escudados na Análise de Discurso Francesa, a qual foi aplicada a um corpus que compreende um total de 52 reportagens, veiculadas entre julho de 2006 e julho de 2014, conseguimos comprovar que as metáforas não são apenas um simples elemento estético do jornalismo. Os sentidos por elas produzidos promovem dois tipos de funcionamento em ambos os veículos. No primeiro tipo de funcionamento, eles reiteram Famílias Parafrásticas e Formações Discursivas, que já estão presentes em trechos sem metáforas, quais sejam FD1 Discurso Desqualificador (Veja), FD3 Discurso do Sindicalismo Combativo, FD4 Discurso do Sindicalismo Negociador, e FD5 Discurso do Sindicalismo Defensivo (as três últimas da Revista do Brasil). No segundo tipo de funcionamento, eles simplificam o discurso, enquadrando-o em modelos de anunciabilidade. Em Veja, os modelos de anunciabilidade são baseados em terminologias religiosas, agressivas e da área da saúde; na Revista do Brasil, os modelos de anunciabilidade são baseados em terminologias fisiológicas, topográficas e patológicas. Em ambos os casos, constatamos que essa encenação, promovida pela metáfora, engessa o discurso sobre questões sindicais (na grande maioria dos casos), de modo que os movimentos são parafrásticos, o que exacerba a condição autoritária do discurso jornalístico.
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Ash, Jesse. "The figure of speech : the politics of contemporary chatter." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2010. http://research.gold.ac.uk/3143/.
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This thesis focuses on informal linguistic transactions that operate in relation to, and as part of spectacle in contemporary society. In contrast to presenting such transactions as a subordinated public, exchanging meaningless chatter, these communicative acts are seen to be a formalization of language revealing processes, networks, and territories that have positive possibilities for the public engaged in these communications. Using examples such as the act of communication evident in the recent exponential growth of web 2.0 (on-line social networking), the sound of language represented in the murmur of political demonstrations, and the audibility of voices on the underground network, this thesis builds upon and extends discussions that have asserted the political resistance inherent in rumour, gossip, idle talk, and hearsay. This specific analysis focuses upon both our physical, corporeal, and virtual relations to chatter within the developing systems of new technology that transfer the majority of today’s informal exchanges—investigating the sounds, repetitions, occupation of networks, and gestures of communication rather than the exchange of specific content. Using a methodology that acknowledges the ephemeral, transgressive and fluid nature of its subject, this project uses regular first person narrated sections supporting theoretical discussion, refuses the ‘permanence’ of visual illustration, and is directly informed by concerns within my art practice. Responding to the ideas inherent to my art practice—concerning the form and presentation of information presented (by the media and political authorities) to the public from which a political cognition is constructed, both text and practice elements of this project focus on an abstract, formal reading of contemporary communication. These abstract experiences of communication and collective action are acknowledged as an integral reading of contemporary politics, and that this sphere should be activated, extended and expanded upon in order to discover the positive possibilities inherent within it.