Journal articles on the topic 'Fiji Museum'

AbstractThis paper focuses on the assemblage and display of Fijian collections at Government House during the first few years of British colonial rule and reflexively considers its re-presentation in the exhibition Chiefs & Governors: Art and Power in Fiji (6 June 2013 – 19 April 21014) at the University of Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (MAA). It moves beyond reductionist accounts of colonial collecting and investigates the specificity and nuances of complex relationships between Fijian and British agents, between subjects and objects, both in the field and in the museum. A focus on the processes of collecting and display highlights multiple agencies within colonial networks and the fluid transactional nature of object histories. The Fijian objects that bedecked the walls of Government House from the mid 1870s were re-assembled in 1883 as the founding ethnographic collections of the University of Cambridge Museum of General and Local Archaeology (now MAA). Ethnographic museums have tended to efface the links between the material on display and their colonial pasts (Edwards and Mead 2013). In contrast, the creation of Chiefs & Governors was used as an opportunity to explore the multiple agencies within colonial relations and the processes of collecting, displaying and governing (Bennett et al.2014; Cameron and McCarthy 2015). The second half of this paper analyses the techniques and challenges involved in displaying colonial relations in a museum exhibition and considers the ongoing value of the collections for Fijian communities, cultural descendants, museum staff, researchers and broad public audiences today.

Twenty-three taxa of Caulerpa Lamouroux are listed from the Fiji Islands, including Caulerpa reniformis sp. nov. and four taxa newly recorded [Caulerpa biserrulata Sonder, Caulerpa nummularia Harvey ex J.Agardh, Caulerpa racemosa var. lamourouxii (Turner) Weber-van Bosse and Caulerpa webbiana f. disticha Vickers]. A further four taxa are listed as Species inquirendae [C. crassifolia (C.Agardh) J.Agardh, C. juniperoides J.Agardh. C. mexicana var. pluriseriata W.R.Taylor and C. remotifolia Sonder]. A revised key to the species of Caulerpa from the Fiji Islands is presented. Verification of records is based on the personal collections of the authors and specimens housed in the Phycological Herbarium, South Pacific Regional Herbarium (SUVA-A), the University of British Columbia (UBC), the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BISH) and the University of California at Berkeley (UC).

Geoarchaeological investigations of limestone caves along the Rove Peninsula, where several Lapita-era (1150-750 BC) sites dating from the earliest period of Fiji?s human history have been found, was undertaken by a team from the University of the South Pacific and the Fiji Museum. Surface collection and excavation in the largest cave – Qaranibourewa – was hindered by large amounts of ceiling collapse and no trace of human occupation earlier than about AD 1000 was found. The second-largest cave ? Qaramatatolu ? had a cave fill 190 cm thick but this was determined to be all of recent origin, having accumulated as a result of being washed down through a hole in the cave roof from a settlement above that probably existed AD 750-1250. The shell faunal remains from the Qaramatatolu excavation all suggest an open-coast location, quite different from the mangrove forest that fronts the area today. This mangrove forest probably formed only within the last few hundred years.

Casey Wood's retirement allowed him time to expand his horizons, both in terms of his travel and the scope of his intellectual enquiries. His ornithological interests in Fiji in the South Pacific and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in South Asia led him to fund the production of two large-scale collections of paintings illustrating the birds of these two islands. Both original collections were reserved for the Blacker-Wood library, but in Ceylon, these paintings also formed the basis of The Coloured Plates of the Birds of Ceylon, published between 1927 and 1935. In Ceylon and Kashmir, Wood collected manuscripts and lithographs, mainly relating to the history of medicine. His collection of palm-leaf manuscripts (olas) from Ceylon was particularly extensive, with over 220 remaining in the Osler and Rare Books and Special Collections branches of the McGill libraries. Wood also collected physical objects, beginning with bird skins, nests, and eggs in Fiji and branching out to include objects associated with healing in Ceylon. The object from Ceylon, numbering around 200, were originally collected for the Medical Museum and are now housed in the Redpath Museum at McGill. They represent a unique resource for the material culture of medicine. Wood's travels brought him into contact with a wide range of people, from the American plant prospector David Fairchild to Rabindranath Tagore, a central figure in the Bengali renaissance. Wood's reflections on his journeys provide some interesting insights into practices of natural history and collecting in late colonial societies on the brink of the second world war.

Based on material stored in Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) eight new species collected from bathyal depths in South West Pacific archipelagos ( Solomon Islands and Fiji) are described. The new species belong to the rather poorly known genera Acanthodaphne Bonfitto et Morassi, 2006, Acamptodaphne Shuto, 1971, Buccinaria Kittl, 1887, Cryptodaphne Powell, 1942 and Mioawateria Vella, 1954 all belonging to subfamily Raphitominae Bellardi, 1875 in the family Conidae Fleming, 1822. Acamptodaphne eridmata sp. nov. has a broad distribution being reported from the Solomon Islands and Taiwan. Finding of the new species here discussed in South West Pacific archipelagos provides a significant extension to the previously known geographical range of these raphitomine genera.

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[Revised, updated version of an exhibition catalogue issued in Australia in 1980, in the enlarged format of the Oxford in Asia studies of ceramic series.] 161 pp. with figs. and maps, 197 catalogue ills., numerous thereof in colour, extensive bibliography, chronol. tables, glossary, index. - V.J.H. Houben, G.D. Larson, Prelude to revolution. Palaces and politics in Surakarta, 1912-1942. VKI 124, Dordrecht/Providence: Foris publications 1987. - Marijke J. Klokke, Stephanie Morgan, Aesthetic tradition and cultural transition in Java and Bali. University of Wisconsin, Center for Southeast Asian studies, Monograph 2, 1984., Laurie Jo Sears (eds.) - Liaw Yock Fang, Mohamad Jajuli, The undang-undang; A mid-eighteenth century law text, Center for South-East Asian studies, University of Kent at Canterbury, Occasional paper No. 6, 1986, VIII + 104 + 16 pp. - S.D.G. de Lima, A.B. Adam, The vernacular press and the emergence of modern Indonesian consciousness (1855-1913), unpublished Ph. D. thesis, School of Oriental and African studies, University of London, 1984, 366 pp. - J. Thomas Lindblad, K.M. Robinson, Stepchildren of progress; The political economy of development in an Indonesian mining town, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1986, xv + 315 pp. - Pauline Lunsingh Scheurleer, J.E. van Lohuizen-de Leeuw, Indo-Javanese Metalwork, Linden-Museum, Stuttgart, Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde, 1984, 218 pp. - H.M.J. Maier, V. Matheson, Perceptions of the Haj; Five Malay texts, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian studies (Research notes and discussions paper no. 46), 1984; 63 pp., A.C. Milner (eds.) - Wolfgang Marschall, Sandra A. Niessen, Motifs of life in Toba Batak texts and textiles, Verhandelingen KITLV 110. Dordrecht/Cinnaminson: Foris publications, 1985. VIII + 249 pp., 60 ills. - Peter Meel, Ben Scholtens, Opkomende arbeidersbeweging in Suriname. Doedel, Liesdek, De Sanders, De kom en de werklozenonrust 1931-1933, Nijmegen: Transculturele Uitgeverij Masusa, 1986, 224 pp. - Anke Niehof, Patrick Guinness, Harmony and hierarchy in a Javanese kampung, Asian Studies Association of Australia, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1986, 191 pp. - C.H.M. Nooy-Palm, Toby Alice Volkman, Feasts of honor; Ritual and change in the Toraja Highlands, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, Illinois Studies in Anthropology no. 16, 1985, IX + 217 pp., 2 maps, black and white photographs. - Gert J. Oostindie, Jean Louis Poulalion, Le Surinam; Des origines à l’indépendance. La Chapelle Monligeon, s.n., 1986, 93 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Bob Hering, The PKI’s aborted revolt: Some selected documents, Townsville: James Cook University of North Queensland. (Occasional Paper 17.) IV + 100 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Biografisch woordenboek van het socialisme en de arbeidersbeweging in Nederland; Deel I, Amsterdam: Stichting tot Beheer van Materialen op het Gebied van de Sociale Geschiedenis IISG, 1986. XXIV + 184 pp. - S. Pompe, Philipus M. Hadjon, Perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat di Indonesia, Ph.D thesis Airlangga University, Surabaya: Airlangga University Press, 1985, xviii + 308 pp. - J.M.C. Pragt, Volker Moeller, Javanische bronzen, Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Museum für Indische Kunst, Berlin, 1985. Bilderheft 51. 62 pp., ill. - J.J. Ras, Friedrich Seltmann, Die Kalang. Eine Volksgruppe auf Java und ihre Stamm-Myth. Ein beitrag zur kulturgeschichte Javas, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH, 1987, 430 pp. - R. Roolvink, Russell Jones, Hikayat Sultan Ibrahim ibn Adham, Berkeley: Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California, Monograph Series no. 57, 1985. ix, 332 pp. - R. Roolvink, Russell Jones, Hikayat Sultan Ibrahim, Dordrecht/Cinnaminson: Foris, KITLV, Bibliotheca Indonesica vol. 24, 1983. 75 pp. - Wim Rutgers, Harry Theirlynck, Van Maria tot Rosy: Over Antilliaanse literatuur, Antillen Working Papers 11, Caraïbische Afdeling, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Leiden, 1986, 107 pp. - C. Salmon, John R. Clammer, ‘Studies in Chinese folk religion in Singapore and Malaysia’, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography no. 2, Singapore, August 1983, 178 pp. - C. Salmon, Ingo Wandelt, Wihara Kencana - Zur chinesischen Heilkunde in Jakarta, unter Mitarbeit bei der Feldforschung und Texttranskription von Hwie-Ing Harsono [The Wihara Kencana and Chinese Therapeutics in Jakarta, with the cooperation of Hwie-Ing Harsono for the fieldwork and text transcriptions], Kölner ethopgraphische Studien Bd. 10, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1985, 155 pp., 1 plate. - Mathieu Schoffeleers, 100 jaar fraters op de Nederlandse Antillen, Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1986, 191 pp. - Mathieu Schoffeleers, Jules de Palm, Kinderen van de fraters, Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 1986, 199 pp. - Henk Schulte Nordholt, H. von Saher, Emanuel Rodenburg, of wat er op het eiland Bali geschiedde toen de eerste Nederlanders daar in 1597 voet aan wal zetten. De Walburg Pers, Zutphen, 1986, 104 pp., 13 ills. and map. - G.J. Schutte, W.Ph. Coolhaas, Generale missiven van Gouverneurs-Generaal en Raden aan Heren XVII der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VIII: 1725-1729, Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie 193, ‘s-Gravenhage, 1985, 275 pp. - H. Steinhauer, Jeff Siegel, Language contact in a plantation environment. A sociolinguistic history of Fiji, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987, xiv + 305 pp. [Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language 5.] - H. Steinhauer, L.E. Visser, Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary and Sahu grammar sketch, Verhandelingen van het KITLV 126, Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1987, xiv + 258 pp., C.L. Voorhoeve (eds.) - Taufik Abdullah, H.A.J. Klooster, Indonesiërs schrijven hun geschiedenis: De ontwikkeling van de Indonesische geschiedbeoefening in theorie en praktijk, 1900-1980, Verhandelingen KITLV 113, Dordrecht/Cinnaminson: Foris Publications, 1985, Bibl., Index, 264 pp. - Maarten van der Wee, Jan Breman, Control of land and labour in colonial Java: A case study of agrarian crisis and reform in the region of Ceribon during the first decades of the 20th century, Verhandelingen of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, Leiden, No. 101, Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1983. xi + 159 pp.

Reticulaphis species (Aphididae: Hormaphidinae: Nipponaphidini) feed mainly on Ficus species as secondary hosts, and are endemic to eastern Asia. The fauna of this genus was surveyed in Taiwan, and material from East Asian countries borrowed from the Natural History Museum, London. Taxonomic problems associated with variation between samples are discussed, and as a result four subspecies of R. distylii (van der Goot) are recognized as independent species: asymmetrica Hille Ris Lambers & Takahashi, fici (Takahashi), foveolatae (Takahashi), and rotifera Hille Ris Lambers & Takahashi. R. distylii subsp. minutissima Hille Ris Lambers & Takahashi is synonymised with R. foveolatae (Takahashi); the taxonomic position of subsp. similis remains ‘incertae sedis’. Two new species are described based on apterous adult females: R. inflata sp.n. from Taiwan and Hong Kong, and R. septica sp. n. from Taiwan. An illustrated key is provided to the eight recognized species, but excluding the type species, R. shiiae Takahashi that remains known only from its description.

Documentation and specialized articles are among the main means of improving stylistic classifications of the works belonging to an art museum’s heritage. A museum’s heritage is also dynamic, although most museums have a well-developed collection of works dating from before the 1990s. As the heritage is enriched, it must also be documented, and volumes of monographs on lesser-known artists are very useful in this process. This is also the case of the volume entitled „The Bednarik Family in Romanian Art” which is the subject of this review. Following the personal and professional career of the members of this family of artists, the Bednarik family monograph is a valuable document for the history of art in our country and a useful tool for specialists in art museums.

This article analyzes the ambiguity in the film La guerre est finie ([The War Is Over] 1966, director Alain Resnais, screenwriter Jorge Semprún) whose declarative title becomes a question in the title of the permanent exhibit at the Reina Sofía National Museum in Madrid: Is the War Over? Art in a Divided World (1945-1968). The works invite the viewer to question the nationalism that catapulted the Spanish Civil War, whose victory marked the first triumph for European fascisms and concomitant genocides. While the film entirely lacks symbols of irrefutable national identity, the paintings incorporate and subvert certain icons of (regional, Francoist, Nazi or Fascist) nationalism, as well as emblems of the Spanish Republic and Spain. The artworks respond in theme and form to nationalist ideology and esthetics. Although the film—whose screenwriter Jorge Semprún had been imprisoned in the Nazi camp at Buchenwald—limits itself to implicit allusions to the eradication of the domestic enemy on Iberian soil and the so-called stateless undesirables exiled in foreign lands, the exhibit explicitly references Nazism and other 20th-century genocides. The collection of works exemplifies Aharon Appelfeld’s assertion: that only art has the ability to redeem suffering from the abyss. The film and the plastic works respond not only to nationalist ideologies and concomitant lived and witnessed experiences, but also to nationalist art. Through the visual counternarratives that give voice to myriad victimizations, these works make manifest and denounce, in theme and form, the anti-intellectualization and the fervent sentiment of political zeal.

The Piedra Berroqueña region in the Guadarrama Mountains, part of Spain’s Central Range, supplies most of the construction granite used in Madrid and surrounding provinces. The region’s quarrying towns preserve their granite extraction and hewing traditions. Historic quarries form part of the landscape, as do current extraction sites with huge reserves that guarantee a speedy supply of variously finished dimension stone. Piedra Berroqueña granite has been in use as a construction material since long before Roman times. Many important monuments, including San Lorenzo Royal Monastery at El Escorial (1563−1584), Madrid’s Royal Palace (1738−1764), the Alcalá Gate (1770−1778), the Prado Museum (1785−1808) and Puerta del Sol (one of Madrid’s main squares), owe their good state of preservation to the stone’s petrophysical characteristics and durability. The granite is also found in most of the city’s housing and streets, as well as in modern buildings the world over, such as the airport terminals at Athens and Cork, and the British consulate at Hong Kong. Four major types of monzogranite occur including: biotitic monzogranites containing some cordierite, biotitic monzogranites containing some amphibole, biotitic monzogranites having no cordierite or amphibole, and leucogranites. The petrological, petrophysical and chemical properties of Piedra Berroqueña, which afford it great durability, vary little from one variety to another and depend on the degree of alteration. Physical and chemical characteristics were determined for five granites representative of historic or active quarries in the Piedra Berroqueña region: Alpedrete (monzogranite containing cordierite); Cadalso de los Vidrios (leucogranite); La Cabrera (monzogranite containing amphibole); Colmenar Viejo (monzogranites containing cordierite) and Zarzalejo (monzogranites having no cordierite or amphibole). The Piedra Berroqueña region meets the requirements of a Global Heritage Stone Province, and this paper supports the Piedra Berroqueña region's application for recognition as such. This distinction would enhance public awareness of an area committed to quarrying and working the local stone.RÉSUMÉLa région de Piedra Berroqueña dans les monts de Guadarrama, qui fait partie de la chaine centrale d'Espagne, est la principale source du granite de construction utilisé à Madrid et dans les provinces environnantes. Les agglomérations de la région qui exploitent une carrière conservent leur tradition d’extraction et de taille du granite. Les anciennes carrières font maintenant partie du paysage, comme les sites d'extraction actuels avec d'énormes réserves ce qui garantit un approvisionnement rapide en pierre de taille de fini varié. Le granite de Piedra Berroqueña a été utilisé comme matériau de construction bien avant l'époque romaine. De nombreux monuments importants, y compris le monastère royal de San Lorenzo à l'Escurial (1563–1584), le palais royal de Madrid (1738–1764), la porte d'Alcalá (1770–1778), le musée du Prado (1785–1808) et la Puerta del Sol (une des principales places de Madrid), doivent leur bon état de conservation aux caractéristiques pétrophysiques et à la durabilité de la pierre. Ce granite se retrouve également dans la plupart des habitations et des rues de la ville, ainsi que dans des bâtiments modernes du monde entier, tels que les terminaux de l'aéroport d'Athènes et de Cork, et le consulat britannique à Hong Kong. Il est constitué de quatre grandes classes de monzogranite : des monzogranites à biotite contenant un peu de cordiérite, des monzogranites à biotite contenant un peu d’amphibole, des monzogranites à biotite ne contenant ni cordiérite ni amphibole, et les leucogranites. Les propriétés pétrographiques, pétrophysiques et chimiques des granites de Piedra Berroqueña qui leur assurent une grande durabilité, varient peu d'une variété à l'autre et dépendent du degré d'altération. Les caractéristiques physiques et chimiques ont été déterminées sur cinq granites représentatifs des carrières historiques et actives de la région de Piedra Berroqueña : Alpedrete (monzogranite à cordiérite); Cadalso de los Vidrios (leucogranite); La Cabrera (monzogranite à amphibole); Colmenar Viejo (monzogranite à cordiérite); et Zarzalejo (monzogranite sans cordiérite ni amphibole). La région Piedra Berroqueña répond aux critères d'une Province pétrologique du patrimoine mondial, et le présent article documente la candidature de la région de Piedra Berroqueña à cet effet. Cette distinction permettrait d'améliorer la sensibilisation du public concernant une région spécialisée dans l’extraction et à la taille de la pierre locale. Traduit par le Traducteur

Aunque la arqueología de Al-Andalus no se constituyó como disciplina propia hasta hace unos cuarenta años, el interés hacia las fortalezas llamadas por entonces “hispano-musulmanas” se manifestó mucho antes, centrado esencialmente en los aspectos arquitectónicos y de poliorcética. Más recientemente, la aproximación al proceso de la fortificación medieval se ha ido diversificando. No son pocos los trabajos que buscan en él unas respuestas a preguntas más ambiciosas, relativas a la organización de la sociedad campesina, a las estructuras de poblamiento y a la ordenación del territorio, o a las formas adoptadas por el control estatal.Después de unas breves observaciones introductorias sobre el cambio metodológico experimentado a finales de los años 1970, el artículo hace hincapié en la polisemia de los términos árabes referidos a la arquitectura defensiva. A continuación, se centra en las polémicas surgidas a propósito de uno de estos términos, el ḥiṣn (en el ámbito rural) y en las hipótesis avanzadas al respecto. Finalmente, plantea la cuestión de la existencia en al-Andalus de graneros colectivos fortificados y de ribāṭ-s, estructuras mejor documentadas en África del Norte. Palabras claves: fortificación, estructura social islámica, ordenación del espacioTopónimos: al-AndalusPeriodo: siglos VIII-XV ABSTRACTUntil about forty years ago, the archeology of al-Andalus was not regarded as a discipline in itself. However, interest in the so-called “Moorish” fortresses had been expressed much earlier, focused primarily on architectural and polyorcetic aspects. More recently, the approach to the process of medieval fortification has become more diverse: today many scholars seek within it answers to more ambitious questions, related to the organization of peasant society, settlement structures, land-use planning, or formulae of state control.After some preliminary remarks on the methodological change that occurred in the late 1970s, this paper emphasizes the polysemy of Arabic terms referring to defensive architecture. It then focuses on the debates that arose with regard to one of these terms, the ḥiṣn (in rural areas), and on the hypotheses proposed in this respect. Finally, the paper raises the question of the existence in al-Andalus of ribāṭ-s and fortified collective granaries, structures long considered to be specific to North Africa. Keywords: fortification, Islamic social structure, spatial planningPlace names: al-AndalusPeriod: 8th-15th centuries REFERENCIASAcién Almansa, M. 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AbstractHedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl. is one of the 100 world's worst invasive alien species and the research target in areas as diverse as biological control, natural fibres uses, taxonomy or the biological activity of its compounds. This review aimed to clarify the taxonomic status and the native range of H. gardnerianum and bring accuracy to the history of its introduction and escape from cultivation through the analysis of the increasing number of accessible digitalized dry specimens and grey literature. The analysis of the available information allowed to conclude that: (a) Hedychium gardnerianum is a validly published name, the authority of the name is Sheph. ex Ker Gawl., the species holotype is the illustration published along with the species name, and the Natural History Museum BM000574691 specimen collected in 1815 is the first dried specimen of H. gardnerianum; (b) This species is native to the Central and Eastern Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India and North Myanmar; (c) The species was cultivated at Cambridge Botanical Garden since 1818 and the first known herbarium specimen collected in Europe dates back to 1821; (d) Kathmandu (Nepal) and Khasi Hills (India) specimens are considered two varieties of the same species and the BM000574691 specimen is the lectotype of H. gardnerianum var. speciosum; (e) Specimens, references, and/or pictures support that H. gardnerianum escaped from cultivation at Galicia (Spain), Azores archipelago, Madeira, Tenerife, Cuba, Jamaica, Martinique, Trinidad, Ascension, Mexico, Honduras, Brazil, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Réunion, Mauritius, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, and Vietnam; and (f) H. gardnerianum is a serious pest in Azores, Madeira, Jamaica, Réunion, New Zealand and Hawaii and continues to expand its distribution area in South and Central America, Australia and Southern Africa. This review presents linear raw information compiled with precision, allowing the world databases updating their data but also gives the most detailed information possible to each country/region identifying new regions of concern and updating the invasiveness status in each region.

Impression à jet d'encre sur papier Epson Mat Cadre en érable clair Select (fini laqué blanc), montage à sec sur carton 4-plis sans acide Peterboro Museum, feuille d'acrylique claire Tru Vue Premium, sous-cadre en tilleul

The article examines tourist facilities, which are located in the West part of Moscow and belong to the Fili-Kuntsevo area. The author distinguishes and analyzes three types of tourism resources — historical, cultural and natural. The author uses wide variety of sources and literature for their characteristics: annals, chronicles, memoirs, letters, research. The historical monuments should include Kuntsevskoe gorodishche (literally "the settlement Kuntsevo") and Poklonnaya Gora (literally "Bow-down Hill"). Kuntsevskoe gorodishche is one of the oldest monument of material culture and a centre of metalwork. Poklonnaya Gora in written sources was first mentioned in 1360, At pre-sent, there have formed two memorial complex associated with the Patriotic war of 1812 and the great Patriotic war of 1941–1945 Among the significant monuments there is Kutuzov's hut, panorama of the battle of Borodino, Triumphal arch, Central Museum of the great Patriotic war of 1941–1945, the obelisk of the Victory, Museum of military equipment. Among the cultural tourist objects there is marked out the estate of the Naryshkins of the XVIII-th century, the Church of the Intercession in Fili (built in 1690-1694), the Sign of the virgin in Kuntsevo (1913), the Vernicle Image to Setun in Troekurovo (1673–1676), where the famous icon painter Simon Ushakov created his master-pieces, and the Nativity of the Theotokos in Krylatskoye (1862-1877). The famous style of "Naryshkin Baroque" is presented in the Church of the Intercession at Fili, where such outstanding painters of the XVII-th century, as Karp Zolotarev and Kirill Ulanov worked. The special attraction Fili-Kuntsevsky area is natural landscape with its ponds, flora, fauna, forest park. The article can serve as a basis for develop-ment of methodical recommendations in organization of informative walking tours.

Radiocarbon dating is universally used as an essential dating tool in the archaeological and earth (Quaternary) sciences. The technique has enjoyed considerable success with ongoing developments in both the sophistication of experimental practice and an ever-widening range of applications. Most recently (since the 1980s), a new generation of laboratories has been created, based on the exploitation of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for the differentiation and measurement of carbon isotope abundances in natural materials. Worldwide, there are over 100 14C laboratories now operational in universities, research organizations, museums, and as commercial enterprises. There is an inevitable diversity of experimental approaches and applied priorities within these facilities. Some are well established, while others are relatively recent members of the international 14C community. Consequently, as a group, the laboratories reflect to varying extents the progress achieved over several decades of experience and methodological options. Furthermore, since progress in archaeology and related earth sciences cannot respect geographical and/or present political boundaries, there has been, and continues to be, an inevitable consequence that sample materials from specific cultural contexts are submitted to different laboratories and at different times. In this situation, the issue of comparability between results and amongst laboratories becomes paramount. Users of the results from 14C dating are also concerned with the comparability and quality of laboratory results and the quality assurance programs that laboratories undertake are thus important in ensuring user confidence. The harmonization of measurements and the traceability of results to internationally recognized standards are also major goals of the program of work described in this special issue.

The service model of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is being implemented in an increasing number of national biodiversity (BD) data services. While GBIF already shares >109 data points, national initiatives are an essential component: increase in GBIF-mediated data relies on national data mobilisation and GBIF is not optimised to support local use. The Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (FinBIF), initiated in 2012 and operational since late 2016, is one of the more recent examples of national BD research infrastructures (RIs) – and arguably among the most comprehensive. Here, we describe FinBIF’s development and service integration, and provide a model approach for the construction of all-inclusive national BD RIs. FinBIF integrates a wide array of BD RI approaches under the same umbrella. These include large-scale and multi-technology digitisation of natural history collections; building a national DNA barcode reference library and linking it to species occurrence data; citizen science platforms enabling recording, managing and sharing of observation data; management and sharing of restricted data among authorities; community-driven species identification support; an e-learning environment for species identification; and IUCN Red Listing (Fig. 1). FinBIF’s aims are to accelerate digitisation, mobilisation, and distribution of biodiversity data and to boost their use in research and education, environmental administration, and the private sector. The core functionalities of FinBIF were built in a 3.5-year project (01/2015–06/2018) by a consortium of four university-based natural history collection facilities led by the Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus. Close to 30% of the total funding was granted through the Finnish Research Infrastructures programme (FIRI) governed by the national research council and based on scientific excellence. Government funds for productivity enhancement in state administration covered c.40 % of the development and the rest was self-financed by the implementing consortium of organisations that have both a research and an education mission. The cross-sectoral scope of FinBIF has led to rapid uptake and a broad user base of its functionalities and services. Not only researchers but also administrative authorities, various enterprises and a large number of private citizens show a significant interest in the RI (Table 1). FinBIF is now in its second construction cycle (2019–2022), funded through the FIRI programme and, thus, focused on researcher services. The work programme includes integration of tools for data management in ecological restoration and e-Lab tools for spatial analyses, morphometric analysis of 3D images, species identification from sound recordings, and metagenomics analyses.