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1
Chandra, Rajesh. "Industrialization in Fiji." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25802.
Full textAbstract:
Industrialization has become one of the key strategies of development in the majority of the developing countries. Although not as committed to industrial transformation as the Newly Industrializing Countries, Fiji has, nonetheless, attempted to industrialize. Industrialization currently forms an important component of Fijian development strategy.
This thesis investigates the industrialization of Fiji. Although its main focus is the contemporary manufacturing sector, the manufacturing sector is placed in its historical context. Ten major questions are posed in the thesis. These questions cover the theoretical approaches to and empirical situation in Third World industrialization, Fiji's integration into the international economic system, and the structure and organization of the contemporary Fijian manufacturing sector. The remaining questions address manufacturing linkages, location, and the role of the state in industrialization. Data used in the thesis were derived from field surveys, informal interviews, and documentary sources. Data were analysed
using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences at the University of British Columbia. The thesis finds that the Fijian manufacturing sector makes a small contribution to the GDP, but that it is an important
component of the economy because of its close links with Fiji's most important foreign exchange earners. Although the volume of industrial production has increased in Fiji since independence, its share of the GDP has not altered significantly.
The manufacturing sector consists of a large number of small units and a small number of large units that provide the bulk of employment and output. Intra-manufacturing sector linkages are weak, but resource processing activities have strong backward linkages with the primary sector.
The state has maintained its commitment to the private sector since independence, although its ownership of the Fiji Sugar Corporation makes it an important direct producer in the manufacturing sector. State policies relating to the manufacturing sector have evolved steadily in Fiji, although the government
has not effectively co-ordinated them. The Fijian experience of industrialization provides both support and criticism of existing theoretical approaches to Third World industrialization, and suggests a greater need for synthesis in these approaches.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Geography, Department of<br>Graduate
2
Sharma, Parmendra. "Financial Development in Fiji." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367099.
Full textAbstract:
Fiji, a developing island economy in the East Asia and Pacific region, has been
experiencing modest growth for some time despite its ability to do better. Various
strategies to boost the growth levels, including major cross–sectoral reforms, have
yielded little success. Motivated by a recent and expanding finance–growth literature,
this study investigates the possibility of enhancing the country’s financial development.
Further financial development appears to depend importantly on designing appropriate
strategies to deal with obstacles and challenges relating to enhancing both the supply of
funds to the private sector and the demand for these funds. This study provides
strategies for dealing with two such likely important challenges in the case of Fiji—
legal institutions and alternative finance.
Prior to investigating and developing strategies in relation to these issues, the study
attempts to understand the financial sector’s past development trends and its current
strengths and weaknesses. This extensive analysis uses a recently available
comprehensive financial structure database to assess Fiji’s situation against 20
developing and developed countries across the Asia–Pacific region over a 33–year
period. Overall, it assesses Fiji’s relative banking and stock market development using
relevant composite indices constructed for the purpose. Specifically, it assesses the
size, activity and depth of Fiji’s sectors relative to the comparator countries. Findings
suggest positive past development of the banking sector but weak development of the
stock market. Further, the banking sector has become larger, deeper and more active
while the stock market remains small and largely inactive.
Legal institutions—encompassing the mandating of legal rights of the suppliers of funds
and the appropriate enforcement of their rights—have become widely accepted in the
literature as a major, possibly even the dominant, supply–leading determinant of
financial development. The legal theory asserts that the supply of funds is likely to be
better in countries with better legal institutions. The suppliers of funds include mainly
banks (providers of private sector credit) and shareholders (providers of stock market
equity).<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
3
Bilimoria, Nilesh Nirvaan. "Framework for climate migration readiness for Fiji for relocation of Pacific Islanders to Fiji." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/137303/1/Nilesh%20Nirvaan_Bilimoria_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The central question the thesis asks is how ready is the Fijian Government to respond to climate-induced cross border relocation of the Pacific Island communities from Kiribati and Tuvalu to Fiji? The thesis synthesises and analyses different sources of data to conceptualise and articulate a set of criteria for readiness that has not been explained elsewhere in the literature for climate change migration readiness. Extensive work remains for Fiji to meet the readiness criteria, which encompass: the role of law for cross-border relocation, institutional capacity, coordination, land availability, funding, a whole-of-community orientation, and the maintenance of cultural identity in the planning and implementation phases of cross-border relocation.
4
Gaunder, Padmini. "An Elusive Dream: Multiracial Harmony in Fiji 1970-2000." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2276.
Full textAbstract:
The common perception of Fiji, which is unique in the South Pacific, is that of an ethnically divided society with the indigenous and immigrant communities often at loggerheads. This perception was heightened by the military coups of 1987, which overthrew the democratically elected government of Dr. Timoci Bavadra because it was perceived as Indian-dominated. Again in 2000, the People's Coalition Government headed by an Indian, Mahendra Chaudhry, was ousted in a civilian coup. Yet Fiji had been genuinely multiethnic for several decades (even centuries) before it became a colony in 1874. From then onwards, however, because of the policies of the colonial government, the society slowly became plural (in Furnivall's classic sense) as the different races were separated in almost every walk of life. Until the 1920s there were hardly any conflicts between Fijians and Indians. From the 1920s, however, the Fijians were taught to be wary of the Indians. After independence in 1970, the Alliance government under Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara followed a policy of multiracialism with the stated aim of bringing the different ethnic groups together in a society where people achieved some degree of integration in terms of a common national identity, while retaining their own separate traditions. But, more than thirty years later, Fiji still remains an ethnically divided society with hardly any integration. My research explores the reason for this failure. My thesis is that the failure arose from the kind of democratic system that the country adopted at independence. That is, the Westminster concept of government and opposition can be problematic in a multiethnic society if political parties are divided on ethnic lines rather than based on political ideologies. Ratu Mara was one Fiji leader who recognized this problem and had said that the confrontational Westminster system is not appropriate in a South Pacific island with a multiracial population. While Stephanie Lawson, Peter Larmour, Futa Helu and others have made some important contribution to this debate, my thesis will focus on an argument put forward by Michael Goldsmith on the role of the opposition, making a distinction between two kinds of pposition, confrontational and thoughtful . This thesis contends that the Westminster system that Fiji adopted at independence failed to bring integration in part because the National Federation Party (NFP) degenerated over the years from a 'thoughtful' and effective opposition to a 'confrontational', ethnic opposition.
5
Takahashi, Ryo. "Habitus and social change in Fiji." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4919/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to analyse social process in Fiji, with reference to Bourdieu, Giddens, Sahlins, Thomas and Toren. We can find quite peculiar characteristics in phases of Hie distinction derived Som a criterion of "urban / rural" in Fiji. There is a considerable contrast in the standard of living, lifestyle, economic system, ritual institution and values between urban and rural sphere. Taking account of the events in Waidracia village in Naitasiri Province and in Nasilai village in Rewa Province, in which the author had conducted his fieldwork, the tradition in Fiji is examined. The indigenous people, encountering various kinds of "objects", "ideas", "situations" and "acts", would objectify such circumstances in their own practical senses to make practices. There could occur some deviations or differentiae in their practices. As a result, some "objects", "ideas", "situations" and "acts" will persist, while others might be innovated It depends on the interaction among the agents' practices whether the tradition is persisted or innovated. Social process is understood as the accumulation of the agents' practices. The individual embodies various numbers of "distinctions", which depend on his or her position in society. Distinction provides the individual with a certain habitus. The individual as an independent agent chooses his or her own "purposive acts", led by the "practical sense" derived from habitus. On the other hand, we can construct a conceptual idea of "sphere", in which certain "purposiveness" is shared. Field research shows there is a common "spheric purposiveness" in a sphere, and the thesis examines how the forms of the practices yielded by the individuals in the sphere converge. The particular tendency of practices will reflect on the reproduction of individual habitus. Simultaneously, the individual habitus is also reproduced and transformed through the interactions between practices in different spheres.
6
Nyqvist, Emilia, and Therese Strålin. "Career guidance in a Fiji-context." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34451.
Full textAbstract:
Due to globalization and migration people and their cultures spread worldwide andcareer-guiding practitioners have to be more culturally considerate when they meetpeople. Our studies made in Fiji shows that there is a gap between thoughts regardingestimated income, education and effort in a workplace and actual labour-marketconditions. Educated and qualified Fijians look for work abroad when they can’t findemployment at home. One way to understand and describe what happens when peoplemake career decisions is to use career or decision-making theories, and a way to workwith career decisions and ideas about work is to have guidance-interviews or groupsessions. The aim of this paper is to present an example of how a recognized interviewmodel might be adapted for career guidance in a Fiji-context and what considerations that have to be made, through the explanations offered by a career theory, a decisionmaking theory and a guidance theory. Based on the life-story of a group of Fijians the result showed that the main considerations were regarding social structures and conceptions of time.
7
Varani-Norton, Eta. "How Cohesive is Fiji? Social Capital and Education in a Rural Town Community." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28087.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of developing values of ‘shared citizenship’ in Fiji has long been made difficult by ethnic difference and conflict. Existing literature on political and social relations in Fiji has failed to address the significance of the education system as a factor in bridging the ethnic divide. This study concerns the social capital of a rural town community
and how trust, as a bonding agent, can be shaped and strengthened through education.
8
Horscroft, Virginia. "Negotiating on the margin : the political economy of trade policy in the Fiji Islands 1999-2005." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670001.
Full text
9
Wetzel, Jeff A. "A review of the family Gyliauchenidae Ozaki, 1933 (Trematoda: Digenea) with notes on a collection from Suva, Fiji, and a description of three new species." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2259.
Full text
10
Fonmanu, Keresi Rokomasi. "Dispute resolution for customary lands in Fiji /." Connect to thesis, 1999. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001051.
Full text
11
Webb, Ann L. "The historical development of sport in Fiji." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280883.
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12
Kaur, Jastinder. "Towards an anthropology of coups in Fiji." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/24956/.
Full text
13
Aumua, Audrey Gwyn. "Health reforms: a case study of Fiji." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54105.
Full textAbstract:
This research study is concerned with health policy analysis and its importance in the formulation, planning and implementation of health policy in Fiji . The project explores the influence of political institutions, and the significance of the political context and cultural and societal values in Fiji that influenced the implementation of the Fiji Health Management Reforms
(1999-2004). The research has highlighted that health policy analysis is a necessary tool in developing countries that are undergoing health reforms.
14
Lyttle, David Michael John. "Democracy, Dictatorship, and Development - European Union Pacific Development Policy in Action: A study of Fijian society since December 2006." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3741.
Full textAbstract:
In early December 2006, the Fijian military seized power in a coup led by the Armed Forces commander Commodore Frank Bainimarama. It was a coup long expected, and Fiji’s fourth since 1987. Internationally, the response was swift imposing sanctions and removing or delaying international aid programmes. This has a potentially significant impact on Fiji because it is one of the largest per capita recipients of developmental aid funding in the world. However, it may also have little impact because, despite such assistance, the Fijian GDP has stagnated with an average growth of under 1% for the last 20 years. Other developmental indicators are also bleak. This thesis thus examines the dichotomy between Fiji’s ODA and its apparent inability to arrest the decline of the Fijian lifestyle and economy. However, to review all international developmental programmes across all sectors of Fijian society, while maintaining contemporary relevance and coherency, is untenable. Therefore, the thesis will focus on the European Union and its external relations with Fiji. The EU is one of the most influential partners for Fiji and is often overlooked by scholars, allowing this thesis to make a valuable contribution to developmental studies in the pacific region. The thesis has selected and examines four sectors of Fijian society, that of the Economy, Governance, Sugar, and Education sectors. This is because they are the sectors that the European Union is presently devoting most attention. Therefore, these areas best illustrate Fijian reaction to the importance and effectiveness of EU involvement. Overall, the thesis intends to demonstrate both the efficacy and the attitudes of local representatives to foreign aid programmes, and ultimately provide a unique ‘inside looking out' perspective not typical of publications about Fiji.
15
Williams, Beverley. "The advent of Methodism and the I Taukei the Methodist Church in Fijian nation-making /." Bundoora, Victoria : La Trobe University, 2008. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/39301.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.) -- La Trobe University, 2008.<br>Description based on print version record. "A thesis in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology [to the] School of Social Sciences, Sociology and Anthropology Program, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-166)
16
Prujean, Flint. "The 2006 Fiji Coup: Engagement or Exclusion? Contrasting Reactions from New Zealand and the People’s Republic of China." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5439.
Full textAbstract:
The emergence of China as a dominant force in international politics has challenged the traditional roles states have played in regions such as the South Pacific. The 2006 Fiji coup heralded a new era of competition in the region as PRC policy response conflicted with that of existing powers such as New Zealand. China continued to engage and expand its relationship with Fiji while New Zealand attempted to isolate the interim Fijian administration. This thesis looks at how New Zealand and PRC policy towards Fiji has clashed following the 2006 coup and assesses the implications for these powers as well as the long term stability of the region. New Zealand responded to the coup by placing strict sanctions on Fiji and lobbying the Pacific Islands Forum and the Commonwealth to suspend Fiji’s membership. Meanwhile, the PRC expanded its diplomatic, military and financial ties with Fiji and provided funding for the MSG, a frequent supporter of the Fijian regime.
17
Rahiman, Tariq Iqbal Hamid. "Neotectonics, Seismic and Tsunami Hazards, Viti Levu, Fiji." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1110.
Full textAbstract:
Viti Levu, the main island of Fiji, is located in a seismically active area within the Fiji Platform - a remnant island arc that lies in a diffuse plate boundary zone between the Pacific and Australian tectonic plates in the southwest Pacific. The southeast coast of Viti Levu is a highly developed and populated part of Fiji and is vulnerable to the effects of large earthquakes that are expected to occur both onshore and offshore. The structural framework and the origin of seismicity within the Fiji Platform, as well as the seismic and tsunami hazards of central and southeast Viti Levu are investigated. The upper crust of southeast Viti Levu is dissected by several intersecting fault/lineament zones. These are mapped from remote sensing imagery of the surface (topography, radar, and aerial photos) and of the basement (magnetic), and have been subject to rigorous statistical tests of reproducibility and verification with field mapped fault data. Lineaments on the various imagery correlate with faults mapped in the field and show spatial continuity between and beyond mapped faults, thereby providing a fuller coverage of regional structural patterns than previously known. Some fault/lineament zones extend beyond the coastline to the offshore area of southeast Viti Levu. Here high resolution SeaBAT 8160 multibeam bathymetry data and seismic reflection data show that the fault zones occur along, and exert control on the locations of a number of linear submarine canyons. The morpho-structural expression of these canyons are contiguous with fault controlled physiographic features mapped on the nearshore marginal shelf (rectilinear bays and peninsulas, reef passages) and on land (fault valleys, slope and drainage alignments forming lineaments). The canyons are considered to have developed from several cycles of downslope incising and infilling events, whilst their positions were still primarily controlled by zones of weakness created by the fault zones. The principal fault sets in southeast Viti Levu represent generations of regional tectonic faulting that pervaded the Fiji Platform during and after disruption of the proto Fijian arc in the Middle to Late Miocene. These fault sets combine to form a complex network of interlocking faults creating a fault mesh that divides the upper crust into a number of fault blocks ranging from ~2 to 30 km. It is inferred that the fault mesh evolved throughout the Neogene as a response to the anticlockwise rotation of the Fiji Platform through progressive development of different fault sets and intervening crustal block rotations. Regional tectonic deformation is presently accommodated in a distributed manner through the entire fault mesh. Low magnitude earthquakes (<M4) occur regularly and may represent ruptures along short linking segments of the fault mesh, while infrequent larger earthquakes (>M4) may result from complex rupture propagation through several linking fault segments of the mesh that lie close to optimum stress orientations. This interpreted model of distributed deformation through the fault mesh for southeast Viti Levu is inferred to be characteristic of the style of active deformation that occurs throughout the entire Fiji Platform. Seismic activity is primarily responsible for triggering submarine landslides that occur on the southeastern slope of Viti Levu. These slides typically occur on the outer barrier reef edge, as well as in submarine canyon heads and walls, and in the mid slope areas. They are characteristically translational and lack bathymetric evidence for displaced masses. Morphometric analysis and empirical modelling, show that slides triggered at shallow water depths, within 5 km of the coastline, at the outer barrier reef edge and submarine canyon heads, produce the largest near-field tsunami amplitudes. Such slides are interpreted to represent a significant local tsunami hazard. A detailed case study of the destructive 1953 Suva tsunami that followed the Ms 6.75 Suva earthquake, reveals that the source of this tsunami was a 60 million cubic metre submarine landslide at the head of the Suva Canyon, 4 km to the WSW of Suva City. A test simulation of this tsunami using the Geowave tsunami generation, propagation and inundation model, closely replicates the wave heights and arrival times recorded in 1953. This simulation also reveals that high variability in tsunami impact over short coastal distances of southeast Viti Levu is attributable to the complex interplay of wave propagation with the barrier reef system, erratic lagoon bathymetry and the irregularly shaped coastline. A predictive simulation using Geowave, based on an incipient failure in the 1953 source area and on a potentially worse case scenario event at or near high-tide, is used to show a maximum vertical run up of at least 4 m and a maximum horizontal inundation level of at least 400 m at the Suva coast. The seismic hazard of five sites on Viti Levu, including Suva City, Navua and Nausori Towns, and the Monsavu and Nadarivatu dam sites, is evaluated using a deterministic approach, and seven newly identified crustal fault earthquake source structures. The maximum magnitudes interpreted for these structures, estimated using empirical relationships, range from Mw 6.8 to 7.6. The Suva Canyon Fault, the Naqara Fault, the Mavuvu/Fault Lineament Zone and the Nasivi Fault provide the controlling maximum credible earthquakes (CMCE) at all the five sites. The CMCE peak ground acceleration values for Suva City range from 0.4g to 0.6g, for Nausori Town from 0.18g to 0.2g, for Navua Town from 0.27g to 0.32g, for Monasavu from 0.39g to 0.42g, and for Nadarivatu from 0.23g to 0.33g. The horizontal spectral accelerations at a period equal to 0.2 seconds, calculated using the CMCEs, are comparable to accelerations derived by probabilistic methods that have return periods between 50 and over 1000 years.
18
Rahmani-Shirazi, Ashiyan Ian. "Gender Praxis| Rural Fiji Radio and Mobile Devices." Thesis, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422469.
Full textAbstract:
<p> This communications study looks at gender-based self-reflexive theoretically guided practice, “praxis,” to explore the way in which a women's community media organization, femLINKpacific, pursues its goals of enhancing women's participation in governance structures and resiliency to extreme weather conditions. This study contributes to the nascent literature on mobile device and radio interaction by exploring the way in which women in rural Fiji utilize mobile devices to interact with femTALK, the community radio station of femLINKpacific. The study is based on the theoretical frameworks of inclusive innovation, post-development theory, and participatory communications theory in the context of gender-based ICT4D. Two main platforms, Mobile Suitcase Radio (MSR), a portable radio platform, and Women’s Weather Watch (WWW), a mobile-phone based weather reporting network, and an additional non-mediated communication venue of monthly women’s gatherings were explored through a 3-phase study, utilizing interviews and focus groups, with radio station staff and women leader’s networks. </p><p> Main findings included the role of WWW to transmit information for preparedness for Tropical Cyclone Winston, and indigenous food practices shared through the various platforms, as well as the role of MSR, when used in conjunction with the issues shared at the monthly consultations, to bring greater awareness to the women’s “voice.” This study extends to understanding the role of mutually supportive, systematic processes to enhance women's participation in governance structures, including the role and effectiveness of inter-ethnic groups in addressing community issues, and capacity building through incremental acclimatizing activities.</p><p>
19
Bachmann, Lorenz. "Review of the Agricultural Knowledge System in Fiji." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14618.
Full textAbstract:
Der Inselstaat Fidschi im Südpazifik hat ein ausgeprägtes Landwirtschaftliches Wissenssystem mit einer Reihe privater und staatlicher Institutionen. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung standen die staatlichen Agrarforschungs- und Beratungsabteilungen des Landwirtschaftsministeriums. Mit einem partizipativen Aktionsforschungsansatz wurde untersucht, welchen Beitrag partizipative Methoden zur Verbesserung des Informationsflusses zwischen Bauern und dem Ministerium leisten können, um damit eine systematische Integration der Probleme der Bauern im Wissenssystem zu erreichen. Weiterhin wurde erhoben, welchen Beitrag Plattformen für eine effizientere Arbeit im Ministerium leisten können. Partizipative Methoden (PRA) erwiesen sich als sehr geeignet den Dialog mit den Bauern zu fördern und deren Probleme zu analysieren. Neben den Problemen konnten auch die Potenziale der Betriebe und bäuerliche Lösungsvorschläge gut erfasst werden. Als Ergebnis wurde eine Modell zur systematischen Problemerfassung und Bestimmung von Forschungs- und Beratungsprioritäten erarbeitet. Der Trainingskurs in partizipativen Methoden zeigte folgende Stärken der lokalen Mitarbeiter auf: Organisieren von Untersuchungen, Anwendung partizipativer Methoden im Feld, praktische Implementierung, Visualisierung und Präsentation von Untersuchungsergebnissen. Schwachpunkte wurden hingegen in folgenden Bereichen festgestellt: konzeptionelles Denken, Interpretation und Auswertung der Daten sowie der schriftlichen Abfassung von Ergebnissen. Diese Defizite im konzeptionellen Bereich schränken das mit den Methoden erreichbare Problemlösungspotenzial ein. Weiterbildung der Mitarbeiter und eine Verbesserung der lokalen Agrarausbildung werden benötigt, um das Niveau der wissenschaftlichen Ausbildung anzuheben. Die Untersuchung von vier Projekten zeigte, dass diese als Plattformen gut zur Innovationsentwicklung und eingeschränkt zu deren Verbreitung geeignet waren. Eine ausgewogene Beteiligung aller Akteure zeichnete die erfolgreichste Plattform aus. Als Stärken des Plattformmodells konnten festgehalten werden: bessere Koordination, verbesserte Verbindungen und Schnittstellen, bessere Zusammenarbeit aller Akteure, bessere Aussichten gesetzte Ziele zu erreichen, Vermeidung von Doppelforschung und eine effiziente Ausnutzung der vorhandenen Ressourcen. Schwächen des Modells wurden in folgenden Punkten gesehen: Konsenserzielung, institutionelle Akzeptanz und Mangel an entsprechend ausgebildeten Fachkräften im Ministerium. Drei Jahre nach Beginn der Trainingsmaßnahmen konnte eine teilweise Institutionalisierung von partizipativen Methoden im Ministerium festgestellt werden. Zur weiteren Konsolidierung partizipativer Methoden und Plattformen wird eine Linkage-Abteilung empfohlen.<br>The small Island country Fiji has an articulated agricultural knowledge system with private and public institutions. The agricultural research and extension departments of the Ministry of Agriculture are the focus of this study. A participatory action research methodology was used to investigate the potential of participatory methods and to improve information flows between farmers and the Ministry in order to achieve a systematic Integration of farmers' problems into the knowledge system. Furthermore, the potential of platforms in improvement of the efficiency of work in the Ministry was studied. Participatory methods proved suitable in improving the dialog with farmers and the analysis of their problems. Besides this, farmers potentials and their ideas for solutions could be assessed. As a result, a model for the systematic compilation of farmers' problems and respective research and extension priorities could be elaborated. The training course on participatory methods revealed the following strength of Ministry staff: organising surveys, field use of tools, presentation and visualisation of findings. Conceptual thinking, analytical skills, interpretation, and report writing skills were identified as weaknesses. These deficits restrict the problem solving potential of participatory methods in the Ministry. Further education of Ministry staff and revised curricula at the local agricultural colleges will be required, to raise the overall level of scientific education. Four projects that were studied as cases for platforms, revealed that platforms were suitable means for promoting innovation development and somewhat less successful for the diffusion of findings. The most successful platform was characterised by a balanced contribution and participation of all actors involved. Strengths of the platform model were identified as such: better co-ordination, improved linkages, better interplay of actors, better means to reach goals, reduced duplication of efforts, and better use of resources. Weaknesses were seen in the need to achieve consensus and co-ordination, the weakening of hierarchical authority due to increased flexibility, and the fact that experienced-trained staff were not available in abundance in the Ministry. Three years after the first introduction of participatory methods in the Ministry, a partial institutionalisation could be observed. For the further consolidation of participatory methods and platforms, a linkage unit for further promotion is recommended.
20
Seniloli, Kesaia. "The value of children : perceptions of Fijian form six students in Fiji's Central Division." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110382.
Full textAbstract:
The survey conducted in February, 1987 obtained data on the perceptions of the value of children amongst 351
Form Six students of six moderately sized and
predominantly indigenous Fijian secondary schools in the
Central Division
of Fiji.
underlying
The study attempts to explain the motivations underlying
the existing high fertility
level amongst the indigeneous Fijians in Fiji.
It was found that although most females wanted a
smaller family size than their male counterparts, all
respondents indicated the importance of economic benefits
of children
particularly old age old age support and the traditional
benefits from
children which are
the props
for the perpetuation of high fertility. Most respondents
also recognised the financial cost as a major disvalue in
having children.
It was also found that there was widespread
knowledge of the existence
of
the different
methods of
contraception and positive attitudes towards the concept
of family planning particularly amongst females and rural
students. Although knowledge of contraception was not of
great depth, most students favoured the use of
contraception to prevent having more children.
On the basis of the findings of this study it was
concluded that until there were changes in the
motivations, particularly the reliance on children for
old age support, the high fertility level will persist
in Fiji. Furthermore there is a need to address the misconceptions, misinformation and ignorance of the young
people in Fiji regarding the
effectiveness of the
different contraceptive methods and also the mechanics of
conception.
21
Nandlal, Satya. "Selection for red body colouration in Fijian hybrid tilapias." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36982/1/36982_Nandlal_1998.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Tilapias are cultured in many paiis of the world including Fiji where they are becoming an important alternative to marine fish as a protein source. A number of tilapia species are polymorhpic for body colour. While most cultured stocks are uniformly black, red strains are considered more attractive for commercial sale in
many countries. Therefore breeding programs designed to optimise red body colour via selection and or hybridisation have been developed. No such program has been tried in Fiji, yet red coloured individuals attract better prices at the market. This
study trialled a mass selection program to optimise red body colour in hybrid
(Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus) Fijian stocks.
Potential indirect effects of intensity of selection for improved coloured fish on a
correlated trait (growth performance) was also assessed to determine if improved
lines grew at the same rate as Control fish.
The intensity of selection imposed on the Low and High selection lines reduced the amount of black spotting on red fish significantly compared to a Control line in all
generations. The mean percentage of black on fishes remained relatively constant in the Control line across generations. No significant differences in growth rate among treatments (C,L and H) were observed within generations. Thus while mass selection could improve colour significantly, it did not affect growth rate adversely. The results of the current study indicate that this approach to genetic improvement of cultured tilapias in Fiji (and possibly elsewhere) has great potential and will result in better quality red fish for culture without adversely affecting growth rates.
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Varma, Dipak Singh. "An analysis of the causes of the Fiji military coups." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1992. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26634.
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The Fiji military coups of 1987 are about a Fijian chiefly elite and their supporters who were too reluctant to relinquish their power and privileges. Seventeen years had been a long time in office for the Alliance government. Those who patronised and were patronised by the Alliance government feared change as the Bavadra government had promised a whole array of changes. The chiefly elite teamed up with the Royal Fiji Military Forces to stage the coups. Issues such as the fear of Indian dominance, the alienation of Fijian land and the loss of Fijian way of life, etc., were raised to justify the coups. Land rights and other Fijian cultural institutions were already well guarded by the 1970 Constitution. Fiji coups were more about internal factors. The evidence produced so far shows that the external involvements such as that of the Central Intelligence Agency was neither significant nor has a crucial role. The Fijian elite and others who had much to lose were determined that the new government should be unseated. An examination of the Constitution of the Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji bears testimony to how far the Fijian elite have gone to preserve the feudal system of chiefly power and authority which had been eroding through the forces of change and development. The task that the new regime has set for itself is going to be difficult indeed. It will be an irony if the military coups in the end only enhance the decay of the very institutions they were meant to save in the first place.
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Linder, Erik, and Joakim Svantesson. "Solar Electricity for Rural Households at the Fiji Islands." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99016.
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This bachelor’s degree project was conducted as both a literature study and a Minor Field Study in Fiji. Today, many of Fiji's remote villages are supplied with electricity from diesel generators while others have no electricity at all. The project aims to examine the expected economical, ecological and social benefits of electrification using solar photovoltaic cells (PV). Earlier reports from around the world conclude that PV-systems are fully competitive with diesel generators economically. This study examined whether this was the case for Fiji as well.Among the aspects covered in the report is the importance of rural electrification, the negative aspects of global warming and Fiji’s high oil dependency. Emphasis is put on PV-systems and how these can be financed. Three remote villages are examined in the field study, where the social aspects and the energy usage are in focus. This among other parameters would be the basis for the modeling in MATLAB, which was used to calculate cost and potential profit for the PV-system, and compare it to using diesel generators.The results show that the PV-systems are cheaper than small diesel generators over a 24-year period, and many times more reliable. However, there is yet unawareness and lack of understanding about the maintenance and use among the villagers, which could be a potential problem. This calls for education, but also smarter systems that minimize the complications that might arise through misuse. Reduced fuel transports, which facilitate the daily life for the villagers together with less exposure to air pollution, are also positive side-effects from solar electrification. Because PV-systems have large initial investment costs, it is crucial that the payment can be split and paid over a longer period.<br>Det här kandidatexamensarbetet utfördes delvis som en litteraturstudie och även som en Minor Field Study i Fiji. Idag förses många av Fijis avlägsna byar med el från dieselgeneratorer, andra saknar el helt och hållet. Arbetet syftar till att undersöka den förväntade ekonomiska, ekologiska och sociala vinningen som elektrifiering med hjälp av solceller (PV) skulle medföra. Tidigare rapporter från olika delar av världen fastslår att PV-system är helt konkurrenskraftiga med dieselgeneratorer. I arbetet undersöktes ifall detta kan fastslås även för Fiji.Bland aspekterna som tas upp i rapporten återfinns vikten av att elektrifiera byar, problematiken med global uppvärmning samt Fijis starka oljeberoende. Stor vikt läggs vid PV-system samt hur dessa kan finansieras. I fältstudien undersöks tre avlägsna byar där de sociala aspekterna och användningen ligger i fokus. Detta tillsammans med andra parametrar blev sedan till grund för en modellering i MATLAB. Modellen går ut på att kalkylera kostnader och vinstpotential för ett införande av PV-system, och jämföra detta med dieselgeneratorer.Resultatet visar att el via PV-system är billigare än el från mindre dieselgeneratorer, räknat på en 24 årig period. Det är dessutom ofta mer driftsäkert. Dock finns ännu en okunskap gällande underhåll och användning bland byborna, vilket kan ses som ett potentiellt problem. Här behövs utbildning, men även smartare system som minimerar komplikationer som uppstår genom felaktig användning. Minskade bränsletransporter, vilket underlättar det dagliga livet för byborna, tillsammans med mindre utsatthet för föroreningar är positiva bieffekter av elektrifiering via PV-celler. Eftersom PV-system har stora initiala investeringskostnader, är det en avgörande faktor att betalningen kan delas upp över en längre period.
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Fisher, David. "The socio-economic consequences of tourism in Levuka, Fiji." Lincoln University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1284.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the proposition that the local population at a tourist destination copy the economic behaviour of tourists and learn to give economic value to the same objects and activities that are demonstrated by tourists. Levuka, the old capital of Fiji, served as the case study. It was found that decisions are based on the experiences and the cultural template of which those decisions are a part. There are many acculturating factors involved in the learning process as a subsistance-based economy becomes more monetised. The purchasing habits of tourists have little obvious effect. However, there is evidence that what is of value to tourists and what encourages them to visit the destination are not fully appreciated by many of the host population. Examples of these culturally dissimilar values are externalities such as the physical structures of the built environment and unquantifiable factors such as the ambience of the destination. It is argued that an understanding of the factors that have created cultural rules is necessary if a complete analysis of the effects of tourism is to be undertaken. This can be achieved by considering change as a process and tracing that process by examining the cultural history of the host community. Tourism should be seen as another aspect of change. The response to tourism will then be seen as a new challenge that will be met using the lessons previously learnt and incorporated into the cultural template.
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Chandra, Mohini. "Pacific album : vernacular photography of the Fiji Indian diaspora." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425701.
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Dewa, Fereti S. "The use of microcomputers in mathematics teaching in Fiji." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1988. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33042.
Full textAbstract:
At the end of 1983 the Ministry of Education in Fiji informed schools that computers would be introduced in 1984. In February 1984 some selected schools received the first microcomputers. At a Conference on Computers in the Classroom, held in August 1984 at the University of the South Pacific. the Head of Mathematics at a senior secondary school said, in a paper presented at the conference: 'while there may have been some pre-planning at headquarters level it seems that no arrangement was made with individual schools.' Amongst the problems highlighted in the paper by the Head of Mathematics was: 'the difficulty in deciding on a suitable type programme to offer to the students.' This thesis primarily concerns the application of microcomputers in teaching mathematics in Fiji. The author's experience shows that teachers in Fiji are aware of the need to respond to the microcomputer technology but this response is restricted due to the almost total lack of staff with even a basic knowledge of computers.
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Daunivalu, Sepesa. "Organisational structure for the Fiji Dental Service (A recommendation)." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4221.
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King, Temalesi Vere. "Utilisation of dental services : it's significance in the education of dental personnel in Fiji." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4895.
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Grewal, Amardeep K. "Digenetic trematodes from marine fishes of Fiji : subfamily Hurleytrematinae (Family Monorchiidae): a review and description of four new species of Hurleytrematoides." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2336.
Full textAbstract:
Four new species of Hurleytrematoides Y amaguti, 1954 are described: H. fl}iensis from Heniochus acuminatus pnd Chaetodon citrinellus, H. prevoti from Chaetodon melannotus; H bartolii from Heniochus acuminatus and H monoceros, and H. zebrasomae from Zebrasoma scopas. The hurleytrematine genera Hurleytrema, Hurleytrematoides, Pseudohurleytrema and Parahurleytrema are briefly discussed and their validity accepted based chiefly on the structure of the male and female terminal structures. Hurleytrema pyriforme Overstreet, 1969 and H. catarinensis Amato, 1982 are transferred to Pseudohur/eytrema as new combinations. The generic diagnosis of Hurleytrematoides is emended to include cirrus with large and extensive spines or small ones with limited distribution, and a spiny or aspinose unipartite terminal organ. A key to the hurleytrematine genera with single testis and their species is given. A parasite-host list of all monorchiid species reported to date is included.
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Ben, David Tali. "Youth and power in the village hybrid chiefdoms in Fiji." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1493.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to provide an alternative approach in analyzing social hybrid situations. The study is based on fieldwork conducted in 1995 in the village of Nasautoka, Fiji. The suggested analysis for hybrid cases is based on Anthony Giddens's structuration theory, with an emphasis on the concept of "agency" and "signification" rules. Giddens conceptualizes agents as both knowledgeable and reflexive. The agent is not viewed as passive and impotent as he paces through social life. Signification rules are extremely useful in analyses of symbolic orders, and shed light on the meaning of both "new" and "old" symbols as they manifest themselves simultaneously in Nasautoka.
Of paramount importance is that these new symbols are unfolding beside the "old" symbols represented by the vanua. The vanua is a Fijian social structure with both sociocultural and physical dimensions. The current hybrid is exemplified by two merging structures and by the contrasting reactions of three groups within the village.
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Singh, Shiu Raj. "Dynamics of macroeconomic variables in Fiji : a cointegrated VAR analysis." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/774.
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Abstract of thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Commerce and Management Dynamics of macroeconomic variables in Fiji : a cointegrated VAR analysis By Shiu Raj Singh The objective of this study is to examine how macroeconomic variables of Fiji inter-relate with aggregate demand and co-determine one another using a vector autoregression (VAR) approach. This study did not use a prior theoretical framework but instead used economic justification for selection of variables. It was found that fiscal policy, which is generally used as a stabilisation tool, did not have a positive effect on real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in the short term. Effects on GDP growth were positive over the long term but not statistically significant. Furthermore, expansionary fiscal policy caused inflationary pressures. Fiji has a fixed exchange rate regime, therefore, it was expected that the focus of monetary policy would be the maintenance of foreign reserves. It was, however, found that monetary expansion in the short term resulted in positive effects on real GDP growth and resulted in inflation. The long term effects of monetary policy on real GDP growth were negative, which are explained by the fixed exchange rate regime, endogenous determination of money supply by the central bank, an unsophisticated financial market and, perhaps, an incomplete transmission of the policy. Both merchandise trade and visitor arrivals growth were found to positively contribute to short term and long term economic growth. Political instability was found not to have significant direct effects on real GDP growth but caused a significant decline in visitor arrivals which then negatively affected economic growth in the short term.
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Setterfield, Thomas Neal. "Evolution of the Tavua Caldera and associated hydrothermal systems, Fiji." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385841.
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Hathway, B. "The Eocene to Miocene geology of southwest Viti Levu, Fiji." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233454.
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Dewar, Fleur Simone. "Empowering Women? Family Planning and Development in Post-Colonial Fiji." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/943.
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Family planning initiatives have been critical to development strategies since the 1950s. Family planning has been justified on various grounds including its contribution to poverty alleviation, improved maternal and infant health and the advancement of women's rights and choices. More recently, the discourse of 'women's empowerment' has been used in the advocacy of family planning. This discourse integrates a number of earlier justifications for fertility control promoting family planning as a strategy to enhance women's access to higher standards of living and improved health. It associates family planning with advances in women's rights as individual citizens in 'modern' economies and their greater involvement in paid work. This thesis investigates whether this empowerment discourse is evident in family planning programmes in Fiji and its relationship to the socio-economic development of that country. Critical analyses of the operation of power, development strategies and western assumptions about family size, human rights and economic wellbeing inform this research. In particular, Foucault's concept of 'biopower' is used to analyse narratives about family planning articulated by health practitioners, women's rights activists and officials in the Ministry of Health. The analysis of key informants' statements is complemented by consideration of official statistics, and existing empirical data such as documents and pamphlets. The thesis argues that an empowerment discourse is strongly evident in Fiji with respect to the statements made by key informants and available written sources. It looks critically at the narratives that construct family planning as empowering for women, particularly the tropes of choice, health and full citizenship. Close analysis of these narratives demonstrate that the 'stories' uniformly position women as potentially empowered 'modern' subjects. However, critical analysis of these stories about choice, health and citizenship found that family planning strategies were sometimes disempowering. The generic stories embodied by the empowerment discourse did not allow for the diversity of women's needs; this finding supported critiques of one-size-fits-all development strategies. I demonstrate that while the empowerment discourse provided women with the opportunity to control their fertility, engage in paid work and be empowered, it simultaneously created new challenges and different forms of subordination. This thesis found that the empowerment discourse was an unmistakable example of biopower at work
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Loco, Ratu Aminisitai. "Hydrogeology of the Middle Sigatoka Valley, Southwest Viti Levu, Fiji." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5997.
Full textAbstract:
Bedrock geology of the middle Sigatoka valley, located ~ 20 km inland of the township of
Sigatoka, southwest of Viti Levu, Fiji, includes the steeply inclined Tari Fomation and uplifted
Qalimare Limestone of the Wainimala Group of Oligocene to Middle Miocene age. These units
are juxtaposed against the steeply inclined and moderately-highly fractured Cici Sandstone and
Takaro Conglomerate/Rudite of the Tuva Sedimentary Group of Late Miocene age, northwest of
the study area. Surface geology is largely expressed by the sinistral Nasovatava Fault, and its
associated faults splays, and unconsolidated Quaternary to Recent Alluvium that fills the incised
valley. The valley includes a ~40 km² rural area, from Bilalevu to Dubalevu, characterized by
semi-commercial agricultural land-use practices. This area is subject to high water resource
demand and utilisation, particularly from groundwater sources. Geophysical surveys, through
electromagnetic and electrical resistivity methods, at Dubalevu, Tubakeli and Bila Rd, permitted
the estimation of depth to bedrock, thickness and extent of alluvial materials and the presence of
fractured systems within the mapped units. Groundwater drilling, through mud-rotary
circulation, permitted the characterization of the major hydrogeological units, namely surficial
confining unit, alluvial aquifer system, and intermediate confining unit and fractured aquifer
systems. The hydrogeological framework is capped by low permeability surficial confining unit
comprising sandy silt and silty loam with 7.8x10⁻⁸ m/s at Dubalevu, 2.2x10⁻⁷ m/s at Tubakeli and
4.3x10⁻⁸ m/s at Bila Rd. The alluvial aquifer system, comprising unconsolidated coarse-medium
gravels with some fine-medium sand in Dubalevu and Bilalevu have an estimated transmissivity
and conductivity of 600 m²/d⁻¹ and 30 m/d⁻¹ and 1644 m²/d⁻¹ and 274.8 m/d⁻¹, respectively. The
intermediate confining unit is composed of the fresh and unweathered sedimentary rock mass.
Groundwater bore pump tests showed the fractured sedimentary system has an average
transmissivity, storativity and conductivity of 10.9 m²/d⁻¹, 3.7x10⁻⁴, 1.16 m/d⁻¹ for the fractured
Cici Sandstone at Dubalevu, 26.2 m²/d⁻¹, 6.1x10⁻⁴, 6.1 m/d⁻¹ for the fractured Takaro
Conglomerate/Rudite at Tubakeli and 48.7 m²/d⁻¹, 1.7x10⁻³, 9.1 m/d⁻¹ for the fractured Tari
Formation at Bila Rd. Hydrogeochemical classification of groundwaters, springs and surface
sources, showed the dominance of Ca(HCO₃)₂ type water suggesting the dissolution of calcite in
the sedimentary units with variable sources of Na⁺ and Mg⁺². Stable hydrogen and oxygen
isotope analyses of groundwater, surface water and precipitation show a local meteoric water line
slope of 4.3, suggesting that water resources in the middle Sigatoka Valley are meteoric in origin
with variable modifications via evaporation and mixing with older residual evaporated and
connate groundwater. Chloride concentrations confirm the dominance of meteoric rechargeinduced
dilution. Groundwater recharge estimation, through physical and chemical mass balance
models, yielded different results of 0.08 m/month (physical) and 0.2-0.6 m/month (chemical) in
the wet season and -0.01 m/month (physical) and 0.1-0.2 m/month (chemical) during the dry
season. Groundwater recharge mechanisms in the Sigatoka Valley, include moderate-rapidly
dispersing meteoric-derived waters along fractured flow paths and seasonally variable leakage,
from surface sources, dispersing along alluvial macro-poses. Groundwater protection and
sustainable management in the study area is likely to be threatened by unregulated groundwater
drilling, excess groundwater abstraction, absence of groundwater legislation and growing
concerns of climatic variability. This thesis concludes by presenting several recommendations
for groundwater protection and sustainable management, including sound groundwater
exploration and evaluation of geological units, establishing an effective and sustainable legal
frameworks, and increasing awareness of inherent groundwater issues such as climatic
seasonality, climate change, vulnerability to contamination and unsustainable abstraction.
36
Toren, Christina. "Making sense of hierarchy : cognition as social process in Fiji /." London [u.a.] : Athlone Pr, 1990. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0601/90037699-d.html.
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Leweni, Tokasa Ravula Ratubalavu. "A Protocol For The National Oral Health Survey In Fiji." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4189.
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Ramesh, Sanjay. "History of Inter-Group Conflict and Violence in Modern Fiji." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7248.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis analyses inter-group conflict in Fiji within the framework of inter-group theory, popularised by Gordon Allport, who argued that inter-group conflict arises out of inter-group prejudice, which is historically constructed and sustained by dominant groups. Furthermore, Allport hypothesised that there are three attributes of violence: structural and institutional violence in the form of discrimination, organised violence and extropunitive violence in the form of in-group solidarity. Using history as a method, I analyse the history of inter-group conflict in Fiji from 1960 to 2006. I argue that inter-group conflict in Fiji led to the institutionalisation of discrimination against Indo-Fijians in 1987 and this escalated into organised violence in 2000. Inter-group tensions peaked in Fiji during the 2006 general elections as ethnic groups rallied behind their own communal constituencies as a show of in-group solidarity and produced an electoral outcome that made multiparty governance stipulated by the multiracial 1997 Constitution impossible. Using Allport’s recommendations on mitigating inter-group conflict in divided communities, the thesis proposes a three-pronged approach to inter-group conciliation in Fiji, based on implementing national identity, truth and reconciliation and legislative reforms.
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Masood, Anjum. "Current needs and practices of rehabilitation in Fiji and Pakistan." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/806.
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Mason, Anthony. "Australian coverage of the Fiji coups of 1987 and 2000 : sources, practice and representation /." full text via ADT, 2009. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20090826.144012/index.html.
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Purcell, Sjölund Anita. "Coup Coup Land : A Comparative Study of the Coups of Fiji." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Historia, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3357.
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A thesis presented on the political history of Fiji from cession to Britain in 1874 compares and analyses the country’s four political coups. A military coup occurred in 1987 by Lt. Col Sitiveni Rabuka. Six months later he staged a self-coup. In 2000 George Speight staged an armed civilian coup or putsch, and in 2006 Commodore Frank Bainimarama, head of Fiji’s military forces, overthrew the government of Laisenia Qarase. This paper is an internal comparison of the four coups of which the aim is to examine why coups occur in Fiji. The conclusion is that the level of influence of the country’s traditional paramount chiefs is a strong causal factor in events leading to the political overthrows. Issues such as ethnicity, constitutionalism, democracy, traditionalism, and modernity make the study of the Fiji coups complex. All of the major actors involved have been present or have been somehow linked to each coup. Questions of leadership arise as do issues regarding pluralism and multiculturalism. These issues are discussed in this paper. The end result is that if the question of traditional leadership is not addressed within a democratic framework then Fiji will continue to have coups.
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Gill, Kuldip. "Health strategies of Indo-Fijian women in the context of Fiji." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28790.
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The approach of this enquiry is to describe and analyze the processes and interactions which occur when Indo-Fijian women seek health care from their medical system made up of traditional beliefs and practices, combined with alternative sources of healing such as the Biomedical system, and some Fijian practices. Throughout, I have been concerned with discovering the strategic choices and decisions which Indo-Fijians employ in their transactions with a number of traditional types of healers such as pandits, pujaris, maulvis, orjahs and dais, as well as doctors and nurses in the biomedical sector.
I have used the concept of process as basic to this enquiry and I have paid attention to those processes which display social behaviour in empirical events or situations, and thus on emergent medical systems. Thus, the approach chosen for this study is particularly suitable in the case of Indo-Fijians who arrived in Fiji as indentured labourers, and have had to adapt, to regularize their lives through situational adjustment.
The methods used for data collection were participant-observation in two Indo-Fijian settlements and in a Western Biomedical hospital, in health centres and district nursing stations; as well as the use of archival and library materials.
The enquiry, the first of its kind on health strategies of Indo-Fijian women, concludes with a chapter which discusses the interactions and processes between all medical care domains used by Indo-Fijians. Indo-Fijians do not distinguish between medical systems; their medical system Is Indian in its ideology but lacks the practice of the therapies of professionalized Indian medical systems; it has retained religious healing, reconstructed and synthesized folk healing traditions from many parts of India, as well as adding elements from Fijian healing. While it is also Western in its use of professional therapies, it lacks the ideological foundations of biomedicine.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Anthropology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Warrington, Edward. "Administering Lilliput : the higher civil services of Malta, Barbados and Fiji." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390409.
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Nicole, Robert Emmanuel. "Disturbing history: aspects of resistance in early colonial Fiji, 1874 - 1914." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/907.
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The overarching aim of this study is to trace evidence of resistant behaviour among subordinate groups in the first forty years of Fiji's colonial history (1874-1914). By rereading archival materials "against the grain", listening to oral history, and engaging postcolonial scholarship, the study intends to disturb accepted ways of understanding Fiji's past. This approach reveals the existence of numerous people, voices, and events which until recently have remained largely on the margins of Fiji's process of historical production. As a chronological survey, the study produces a body of evidence which uncovers a rich array of forms of resistance. The points at which these forms of resistance engaged dominant culture are divided into two broad categories. The first examines several forms of organized resistance such as the Colo War of 1876, the Tuka Movement of 1878 to 1891, the Seaqaqa War of 1894, the Movement for Federation with New Zealand from 1901 to 1903, the Viti Kabani Movement of 1913 to 1917, and the various instances of organised labour protest on Fiji's plantations. The second addresses everyday forms of resistance in the villages and plantations such as tax and land boycotts, violence and retributive justice, avoidance protest, petitioning, and various aspects of women's resistance. In their entirety these aspects of resistance reveal a complex web of relationships between powerful and subordinate groups, and among subordinate groups themselves. These conclusions preclude framing resistance as a totality and advocate instead a conceptualization of resistance as a multi-layered and multi-dimensional reality. In contributing to the reconstruction and revision of Fiji's early colonial history, the study seeks to both clarify and complicate future research in the area.
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Puamau, Virisila Qolisaya Lidise. "Affirmative action and racial inequalities in education the case of Fiji /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 1999. http://www.paddle.usp.ac.fj/cgi-bin/paddle?e=p-010off-paddle--00-1--0---0-10-TX--4-------0-11l--11-en-50---20-home---00-3-1-000--0-0-11-0utfZz-8-00&a=file&d=thesis003.
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He, Kan. "Phytochemical investigations of medicinal plants from Chile and the Fiji Islands." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187042.
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In this dissertation, three different medicinal plants from Chile and the Fiji Islands, Baccharis linearis (R. et P.) Pers, Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, and Dysoxylum lenticellare Gillespie were chemically studied. Fourteen compounds isolated from Baccharis linearis were identified based on IR, NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. These constituents included three new neo-clerodane type diterpenes, baclinal (1), baclinepoxide (2), and 13-epi-baclinepoxide (3), as well as one new perhydroazulene derivative, baclinic acid (6). The other identified compounds included portulide B (4), jewenol A (5), oleanolic acid (7), stigmasta-7, 22-dien-3 β-ol (8), stigmasta-7, 22-dien-3 β-ol β-D-glucopyranoside (9), maslinic acid (10), lachnophyllum ester (11), nepetin (12), quercetin 3-methyl ether (13) and werneria chromene (14). With the exception of oleanolic acid, lachnophyllum ester, and werneria chromene, all the other compounds are reported for this species for the first time. Oleanolic acid was isolated as the major component with a yield of 0.3% of dry plant material. Werneria chromene and lachnophyllum ester displayed anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity as well as activity in the brine shrimp test (BST). Six alkaloids isolated from Aristotelia chilensis were identified as aristoteline (15), aristotelinone (16), serratoline (17), aristone (18), 2-epi-aristotelone (19), and aristotelone (20). Serratoline was previously isolated from Aristotelia serrata, a species native to New Zealand. This is the first study that reports serratoline as a natural constituent of A. chilensis from Chile. Another alkaloid, 2-epi-aristotelone, was previously obtained as a synthetic product and is reported here for the first time as naturally occurring. Aristoteline was isolated as the major compound (370 mg) with a yield of only 0.04% as based on dry biomass. Aristoteline showed a weak activity in the brine shrimp test. This work also led to the isolation and characterization of three biflavonoids from Dysoxylum lenticellare. Two biflavonoids were identified as isoginkgetin (21) and bilobetin (22), two of the active components in extracts of Ginkgo biloba, which are used to increase blood-flow and as vascular dilating agents. The third compound was elucidated as the novel natural product robustaflavone 4', 7"-dimethyl ether (23).
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Jenkins, Aaron. "A nested environmental approach to typhoid epidemiology in Central Division, Fiji." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1992.
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Many current disease threats involve interactions within and between nested subsystems of biological organisation. Typhoid fever is a serious disease threat in the South Pacific region, with Fiji reporting the highest annual number of cases, yet risk factors in this setting have been poorly studied. While localised behaviours have dominated perspectives on typhoid transmission, interactions between distal ecological conditions, conditions of the residential environment and localised behaviour deserve greater attention for their potential to influence transmission. This thesis demonstrates a nested approach to typhoid epidemiology using a fivefold methodology to explore how regional, river basin, residential, socio-cultural and behavioural subsystems influence the risk of typhoid transmission in Central Division, Fiji, whereby I: (1) provide a regionally specific literature review examining health consequences of wetland ecosystem service interruption associated with common natural disasters; (2) use quantitative geospatial analysis to evaluate relationships between sub-catchment environmental characteristics and typhoid incidence and recurrence; (3) use a case-control design at a residential level to investigate bacterial contamination and chemical composition of water and soil as vehicles of exposure, complemented with observational analysis of living conditions, spatial analysis of household position and factor analysis to explore multivariate relationships influencing typhoid risk; (4) question 160 typhoid fever cases and 319 control subjects to reveal risky socio-cultural and behavioural practices and; (5) synthesize significant risk factors within and across nested subsystems and test several intervention scenarios using a Bayesian Network approach.
Regional typhoid burden is influenced by climate change induced warming, altered rainfall patterns, increased storm severity and rising seas, coupled with population growth, slow economic growth, urbanisation, environmental change and limited capacity for adaptive management. The most parsimonious models for incidence and recurrence at the sub-catchment scale included total high soil-erosion risk area, percentage area that was highly erodible, connectivity between road and river networks and riparian forest fragmentation as predictor variables. In the residential setting, five factors, related to drainage, housing and condition of water and sanitation were significant in predicting typhoid. Multivariate analysis of household questionnaires indicated the following significant risk factors for typhoid fever: using an unimproved pit latrine, not washing produce (i.e. fruit or vegetables) or hands before eating, bathing outside, water not always accessible, having sand/wood plank floors and attending mass gatherings. The above results suggest that anthropogenic alteration of land cover and hydrology in river basin and residential systems increases risk of exposure where sediment increases following runoff. Localised socio-cultural and behavioural subsystems interact with residential and river basin subsystems to enhance risk of typhoid transmission. Bayesian network analysis suggests combined interventions within a subsystem provides greater exposure reduction than the sum of individual interventions and simultaneous interventions on select risk factors, across multiple nested subsystems, provides greater exposure reduction than elimination of risk factors in any one subsystem. A nested epidemiological approach to studying and interrupting waterborne disease transmission extends the testing of causal assumptions beyond the domestic domain, enhances traditional case-control approaches and provides evidence for multi-scale interventions on both distal and proximal drivers of disease and environmental degradation.
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Burns, Parichart. "Molecular characterization of Fiji disease Fijivirus genome segments 5,7,8 and 10." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36985/7/36985_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Gounder, Neelesh. "Trade Liberalization and Poverty in Fiji: A Computable General Equilibrium - Microsimulation Analysis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367969.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine whether trade liberalization, in terms of complete tariff reductions, will contribute to poverty reduction in Fiji. Whilst poverty reduction is the ultimate goal of trade reforms, and if trade liberalization does promote growth, then will the poor benefit from this trade liberalization? Previous studies on trade liberalization on Fiji are based on partial equilibrium as well as general equilibrium analysis. These studies have shown that trade liberalization will have positive impacts on the Fijian economy. Trade liberalization is unlikely to produce equivalent results of its impact on poverty across households and regions. Thus even within a country or geographic regions, households and individuals are likely to be differently impacted. However, none of the existing studies focus on the impact of trade liberalization on poverty at the household level. This, according to my knowledge, is thus the first study using a computable general equilibrium combined with a microsimulation approach for analysing the impact of trade liberalization on poverty in Fiji. This research will therefore further our understanding of the impact of trade liberalization on poverty in a small island developing country. It will also fill the gap in the literature on Fiji which lacks the impact of macroeconomic policies such as the impact of trade liberalization on poverty.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Ridley, Andrew. "A study of planthoppers as vectors of Fiji disease virus of sugarcane /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19340.pdf.
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