Journal articles: 'Fijian language'

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Besnier, Niko, Albert J. Schütz, and Albert J. Schutz. "The Fijian Language." Language 63, no. 1 (March 1987): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415416.

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Siegel, Jeff. "How to get a laugh in Fijian: Code-switching and humor." Language in Society 24, no. 1 (March 1995): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004740450001842x.

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ABSTRACTCode-switching from the Fijian language into a variety of Hindi is commonly used for joking among indigenous Fijians. Examples of this codeswitching are described here, and its role in Fijian joking relationships is outlined. A survey of code-switching used for humor in other societies shows that code-switching may be a signal for joking, that the switching itself may be considered humorous, and that the variety to which one switches may be used for humorous mockery or parody. Three different psychological approaches to the study of humor throw some light on why code-switching into Hindi is funny to Fijians. A final discussion examines code-switching in relation to both unintegrated borrowing and style-shifting. (Code-switching, borrowing, humor, joking, Fijian, Hindi)

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Geraghty, Paul. "Literacy and the media in the Fiji Islands." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v11i1.830.

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In a previous article in this journal (Geraghty 2001), I pointed out that while Fijian and Fiji Hindi are by far the most commonly used language in everyday interaction in Fiji, the language of the media is almost exclusively English. There are historical reasons for this, but now that colonialism is past, nominally at least, the question arises as to whether it is possible to promote vernacular media that more accurately reflect actual language use, and hence better serve the people of Fiji. In this commentary, I point to the potential problems with vernacular media in Fiji, specifically Fijian, and suggest ways to improve them.

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Schutz, Albert J. "Fijian Accent." Oceanic Linguistics 38, no. 1 (June 1999): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623396.

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Hopf, Suzanne Catherine, Sharynne Lindy McLeod, Sarah H. McDonagh, and Epenisa N. Rakanace. "Communication Disability in Fiji: Community Cultural Beliefs and Attitudes." Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development 28, no. 1 (May 23, 2017): 112–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v1i1.600.

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Purpose: Beliefs about communication disability vary according to the cultural context, and influence people’s attitudes and help-seeking behaviour. Little is known about Fijians with communication disability or the communities in which they live, and specialist services for people with communication disability are yet to be established in Fiji. An understanding of Fijian beliefs about the causes of communication disability and attitudes towards people with communication disability may inform future service development.Method: An interpretivist qualitative research paradigm and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework informed this project’s design. Scenarios of adults and children with communication disability were presented to 144 participants, randomly sampled across multiple public spaces in two Fiji cities. Thematic analysis of responses to 15 survey questions revealed participant beliefs about the causes and attitudes towards people with communication disability.Results: Three clusters describing perceived causes emerged from the analysis - internal, external, and supernatural. Major clusters across child and adult scenarios were similar; however, response categories within the scenarios differed. Community attitudes to people with communication disability were predominantly negative. These community attitudes influenced individual participants’ beliefs about educational and employment opportunities for Fijians with communication disability.Conclusion: Determination and acknowledgement of individuals’ belief systems informs development of culturally appropriate intervention programmes and health promotion activities.Implications: Speech-language pathologists and other professionals working with Fijian communities should acknowledge community belief systems and develop culturally-specific health promotion activities, assessments, and interventions.

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Martinez-Ruiz, Adrian, Rita Krishnamurthi, Ekta Singh Dahiya, Reshmi Rai-Bala, Sanjalin Naicker, Susan Yates, Claudia Rivera Rodriguez, et al. "Diagnostic Accuracy of 10/66 Dementia Protocol in Fijian-Indian Elders Living in New Zealand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 3, 2021): 4870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094870.

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The 10/66 dementia protocol was developed as a language and culture-fair instrument to estimate the prevalence of dementia in non-English speaking communities. The aim of this study was to validate the 10/66 dementia protocol in elders of Indian ethnicity born in the Fiji Islands (Fijian-Indian) living in New Zealand. To our knowledge, this is the first time a dementia diagnostic tool has been evaluated in the Fijian-Indian population in New Zealand. We translated and adapted the 10/66 dementia protocol for use in in Fijian-Indian people. Individuals (age ≥ 65) who self-identified as Fijian-Indian and had either been assessed for dementia at a local memory service (13 cases, eight controls) or had participated in a concurrent dementia prevalence feasibility study (eight controls) participated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and Youden’s index were obtained by comparing the 10/66 diagnosis and its sub-components against the clinical diagnosis (reference standard). The 10/66 diagnosis had a sensitivity of 92.3% (95% CI 70.3–99.5), specificity of 93.8% (95% CI 75.3–99.6), positive predictive value of 92.3% (95% CI 70.3–99.5), and negative predictive value of 93.8% (95% CI 75.3–99.6). The study results show that the Fijian-Indian 10/66 dementia protocol has adequate discriminatory abilities to diagnose dementia in our sample. This instrument would be suitable for future dementia population-based studies in the Fijian-Indian population living in Aotearoa/New Zealand or the Fiji-Islands.

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Park, Karen Elizabeth. "Reflexive marking in Fijian." Studies in Language 37, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 764–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.37.4.03par.

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The Fijian language has long been believed to include no dedicated reflexive marker. This paper takes a close look at reflexive contexts within Fijian to arrive at the conclusion that the language, in fact, contains three distinct reflexive types, designated here as short (PRO), mid (PRO-ga), and long (PRO-ga-vakai-PRO) according to their morphological form. Moreover, different verbs in Fijian reflexive constructions are found to exhibit a certain degree of selective preference for specific reflexive types. The syntactic, semantic, and lexical characteristics of these three reflexive constructions are investigated in detail. The results of this research contribute to our general understanding of anaphora, binding requirements, and systems of coreference.

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Tent, Jan. "Yod deletion in Fiji English: Phonological shibboleth or L2 English?" Language Variation and Change 13, no. 2 (July 2001): 161–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394501132035.

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It is not difficult to find grammatical and lexical markers of Fiji English. But are there any phonological features that identify an individual as a speaker of this regional variety of English? For the vast majority of Fiji Islanders, English is their second (or third) language, and their accents clearly identify their linguistic background (e.g., indigenous Fijian or Indo-Fijian). However, one pronunciation feature seems to be shared by a vast majority of speakers of English in Fiji: the deletion of yod in non-primary stressed /Cju/ syllables. This article considers variation in yod pronunciation according to ethnicity, age, gender, and education and examines whether yod deletion is a phonological shibboleth of Fiji English or merely a feature of L2 English.

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Shameem, Nikhat, and John Read. "Administering a performance test in Fiji Hindi." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics. Series S 13 (January 1, 1996): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.13.05sha.

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Abstract As part of a research study on language maintenance and shift in the Indo-Fijian community in Wellington, New Zealand, a performance test was developed to assess the speaking and listening skills in Fiji Hindi of a sample of the Indo-Fijian teenagers. The design of the test needed to take account of the fact that Fiji Hindi is a preliterate vernacular language with no role in education and an ambivalent status within its own speech community. The test consisted of three main parts: a naturalistic conversation, two structured speaking tasks and a structured listening task. This paper focuses on some facets of the test administration, including the decision to administer it in the test-takers’ homes; the influence of various personal attributes of the interviewer; the ways of dealing with the lack of a script for Fiji Hindi; and the issue of live versus tape-based assessment of the test-takers’ performance. Both the test-takers and an independent rater provided feedback on the test that was generally very positive. The paper concludes with a discussion of various factors that may have influenced the reliability and validity of this somewhat unconventional language test.

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Besnier, Niko, and Paul A. Geraghty. "The History of the Fijian Languages." Language 61, no. 1 (March 1985): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/413461.

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Everett, Daniel L., and R. M. W. Dixon. "A Grammar of Boumaa Fijian." Language 66, no. 2 (June 1990): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414909.

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Aranovich, Raúl. "Transitivity and polysynthesis in Fijian." Language 89, no. 3 (2013): 465–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2013.0038.

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Kazenin, Konstantin I. "On the Lexical Distribution of Agent-preserving and Object-preserving Transitivity Alternations." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 17, no. 2 (December 1994): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500002985.

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This article gives a cognitively based account of polysemous transitivity alternations, which are Agent-preserving with some verbs and Object-preserving with others. The data from three languages – Asiatic Eskimo, Boumaa Fijian and Bambara – are presented. It is argued that the mechanism of the distribution of the meanings of these TAs is semantic in nature and does not depend upon the coding technique used by a language.

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White, Carmen M. "Language, Authenticity and Identity: Indigenous Fijian Students and Language Use in Schools." Language, Culture and Curriculum 15, no. 1 (January 2002): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07908310208666630.

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Naiker, Mani, Bibhya Sharma, Lara Wakeling, Joel Benjamin Johnson, Janice Mani, Bijeta Kumar, Anji Naidu, MGM Khan, and Stephen Brown. "Attitudes towards science among senior secondary students in Fiji." Waikato Journal of Education 25 (November 24, 2020): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/wje.v25i0.704.

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In order to investigate gender and ethnicity-based differences in scientific attitudes among Fijian students, the widely studied Test of Scientific Related Attitudes (TOSRA) was administered to 1401 senior secondary Fijian students (Years 11–13; approximately 15–18 years of age). Students generally had a positive attitude towards science overall in Years 11–13, with females showing a more positive attitude than males. By Year 13, the attitudes of females towards science had become more negative. The attitude of iTaukei students towards science started out lower than other ethnicities in Year 11 and increased during Year 12, before falling to below the starting attitude levels in Year 13. Fijian students of Indian descent generally had a positive attitude towards science that remained consistent throughout Years 11–13, with an increase in leisure and career interest in science in Year 13. A strong correlation was found between the ethnicity of a student and their first language. Continued science outreach programmes, particularly in Year 12, are important to achieve and retain scientific interest and attitudes among Fijian secondary students.

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Pigliasco, Guido Carlo. "Intangible Cultural Property, Tangible Databases, Visible Debates: The Sawau Project." International Journal of Cultural Property 16, no. 3 (August 2009): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739109990233.

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AbstractIntellectual property claims have long been sustained in a way that is now under severe scrutiny. Pacific Island countries continue to face unauthorized uses of their traditional knowledge and practices. In response, international agencies in collaboration with Pacific Island countries are promoting sui generis forms of protection. The Institute of Fijian Language and Culture's Cultural Mapping Programme looks beyond ongoing debates about indigenous collection and digitization of intangible heritage to promote sui generis protection measures in lieu of western intellectual property law. Supported by an Institute grant, the unfolding Sawau Project creates an archive of sites, stories, and shared memories of the Sawau people of Beqa, an island iconic in Fiji for its firewalking practice (vilavilairevo). Advocating a form of social intervention in situ, The Sawau Project has become a collaborative tool to encourage digital documentation, linkages, and institutional collaborations among Fijian communities and their allies to negotiate and promote alternative forms of protection.

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Tomlinson, Matt. "Efficacy, Truth, and Silence: Language Ideologies in Fijian Christian Conversions." Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, no. 1 (December 16, 2008): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417509000048.

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van Urk, Coppe. "Object licensing in Fijian and the role of adjacency." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 38, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 313–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-019-09442-1.

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Sharma, Ratenesh Anand, and Laurence Murphy. "The housing experiences of Fijian migrants in Auckland." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 8, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-11-2014-0046.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the housing experiences of Fijian migrants in Auckland, New Zealand, in response to recent calls for greater attention to be given to the housing experiences of a wider range of migrant groups. The paper seeks to extend the understanding of the housing experiences of a migrant group that have the economic and social resources that are likely to see them achieve housing outcomes beyond the usual “niche” and limited segments of the housing market usually available to migrants. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used a questionnaire survey designed to uncover the housing experiences and levels of satisfaction of Fijian migrants living in Auckland. Developing on the works of literature that have addressed ethnic residential segregation and migrant housing outcomes, this paper addresses the housing experiences of a well-established migrant community that possesses significant human capital (skills, education, English language proficiency) but occupies a hybrid cultural identity. Findings – The majority of the 84 respondents had attained homeownership. Homeownership was prized for conveying a sense of “independence” and was aligned with notions of Fijian Indian culture. Both homeowners and renters expressed high levels of satisfaction with the locational attributes of their homes. While the majority of renters aspired to homeownership, a lack of affordable housing was noted. Homeowners recognised that they had benefitted from accessing homeownership when house prices were more affordable and believed that current and future migrants would struggle to buy a house in the Auckland housing market. Research limitations/implications – In the absence of a sampling frame, this research employed a purposive sampling technique that distributed questionnaires among Fijian migrant community groups and ethnic businesses. As the first study of its kind into the housing experiences of Fijian migrants in Auckland, the sample size (84 respondents) and geographical distribution of respondents was deemed sufficient to offer insights into the community’s housing experiences. The findings of this research could be used to develop a larger-scale analysis of the housing experiences of Fijian migrants in Auckland. Originality/value – While considerable attention has been given to documenting the locational distribution of migrants in Auckland, this is the first study to examine the housing experiences of Fijian migrants. The paper adds to the understandings of the variety of migrant housing outcomes by focussing on the experiences of a well-established migrant group that possesses significant human capital and occupies a distinct ethnic position within Pacific migration flows.

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Williksen-Bakker, Solrun. "Ceremony and embodied memory in urbanized Fijian culture." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 151, no. 2 (1995): 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003047.

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Kenstowicz, Michael. "Salience and similarity in loanword adaptation: a case study from Fijian." Language Sciences 29, no. 2-3 (March 2007): 316–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2006.12.023.

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Narayan, Ravnil. "Code-switching as a Linguistic Resource in the Fijian ESL Classrooms: Bane or Boon?" Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1003.04.

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Code-switching is an unintentional linguistic phenomenon that defines a shift from one language to another by the speaker of a language. This study will address the role of code switching to students’ L1 in their ESL classrooms and whether it expands interaction in these classrooms. Alternative language that is used in this paper for comparison and examples purpose is Fiji Hindi. The gap perceived in this area needs to be addressed towards the domains of sociolinguistics and applied linguistics in the ESL classrooms teaching milieu. Henceforth, the study draws on data collected from lower secondary ESL classrooms in the selected high schools of Ba, Fiji. The study has incorporated data gathering procedures: questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The findings ought to indicate that code-switching should be seen as an optimistic language learning strategical tool as part and parcel of the ESL classrooms discourse. The research is calling for sensitising teachers of ESL about the helpful uses of code-switching knowing the fact that Fiji is a second language speakers’ of English country. Therefore, the novelty of this research would call for methods and syllabi of teaching ESL instructions to integrate code-switching in a judicious and occasional manner, wherever possible in the English language curriculum.

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Arno, Andrew. "Aesthetics, Intuition, and Reference in Fijian Ritual Communication: Modularity in and out of Language." American Anthropologist 105, no. 4 (December 2003): 807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2003.105.4.807.

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Kamal Kumar, Khemendra. "Gandhian Ideology in Satendra Nandan’s Fiction." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no. 4 (July 31, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.4p.19.

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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Bapu, or Mahatma is no longer perceived as a person but a belief now. His views on non-violence, love and care, and the quest for Truth are far reaching than one can imagine. Apart from many virtuous deeds, Gandhi was instrumental in abolishing the Indenture System in India: a system synonymous with narak or hell. In South Africa, he fought for the rights of the Indian indentured labourers. His experiences amongst the labourers shaped Gandhi’s makings and markings. The end of the Indenture System freed over one million Indian bonded labourers in sixteen different colonies (Cohen 63). For a diasporic writer like Satendra Nandan, a descendant of an indentured labourer in Fiji, Gandhi has a particular room in his heart and writings. No other Indo-Fijian writer has given Gandhi the attention in their works like Nandan. Most of his works have direct references or allusions to Gandhi and his ideology. For this reason, Nandan’s view is unique. In this paper, I will discuss two of Gandhi’s ideologies that feature prominently in Nandan’s works: the search for Truth and the act of reading and writing.

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Singh, Jasbir Karneil, and Ben K. Daniel. "The Prevalence and Frequency of Authorial Identity among Undergraduate Students in Fiji." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.136.

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Expressing an authoritative voice is an essential part of academic writing at university. However, the performance of the authorial self in writing is complex yet fundamental to academic success as a large part of academic assessment involves writing to the academy. More specifically, the performance of the authorial self can be complex for English as a Second Language (ESL) student-writers. This research investigated the extent to which ESL first-year students at the Fiji National University perform their authorial voice using interactional metadiscourse in their academic writing. The study employed a quantitative analysis of corpus produced by 16 Fijian ESL undergraduate students enrolled in an EAP course. The research found that the ESL authorial voice was predominantly expressed through boosters and attitude markers, with relatively little usage of other interactional metadiscoursal elements such as hedges, engagement markers and self-mentions. Further, the research showed that this particular cohort expressed their authorial voice and identity through boosted arguments and avoiding language that directly mentions the authorial self. The study concludes that the ESL authorial self for this cohort manifests itself in a selected range of selected interactional metadiscoursal elements, requiring the need to raise the awareness of self-reflective expressions for ESL students. The study also encourages further exploration of ESL authorial identity construction in academic writing at undergraduate level and beyond.

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Narayan, Ravnil, and Maurine Kuar. "Code-switching as a Conversational Lubricant in the Literature Classrooms: An Explanatory Study Based on the Opine of Fijian High School ESL Teachers." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 1 (January 23, 2022): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.1.20.

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Code-switching in multicultural and multilingual classrooms is a highly acceptable phenomenon that has a repertoire of attributions in a country like Fiji, where English is taught as a compulsory second language (ESL). Naturally, the knowledge of literary code-switching can be considered distinguishable from general code-switching because it is used as a writing tool by the authors of literary texts. As the worldwide changes in teaching ESL methodologies, techniques and strategies concomitants with English Language Teaching (ELT), code-switching is equally considered as the part of a teaching tool that ought to posit effective learning. Presently, this study seeks to discuss the metadiscourse analysis of code-switching by teachers of English literature in the Fijian high school ESL classrooms. The paper intends to give a broader spectrum to the explicit purposes behind teachers' code-switching and their attitudes. This research has adopted one instrument for data collection due to the current pandemic, and it was through an online structured research questionnaire. In totality, twenty-five high school ESL teachers were used as samples from selected high schools between Nadi to Ba corridor. It is envisaged that findings should complement the reasons for code-switching, such as during simple classroom communication in literature classes, elucidating abstract contents, interpreting and introducing unversed terminologies. The research has applied the rudiments of the mixed-method research approach for authentic data collection and analysis of the study.

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Palmer, Bill. "Categorial flexibility as an artefact of the analysis." Lexical flexibility in Oceanic languages 41, no. 2 (September 19, 2017): 408–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.41.2.05pal.

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Abstract Hoava sa and ria have been analysed as pronouns in some contexts, and articles in others, an apparent case of flexibility in functional categories. However, this analysis depends on an assumption that pronouns are NP head. An alternative analysis employing the Determiner Phrase (DP) demonstrates that in all contexts sa/ria occupy the same syntactic position: DP head. They are always pronouns, alternating with articles in D, an analysis supported by evidence that 1st/2nd pronouns behave in an identical way. This unified analysis gives no grounds for positing membership of separate categories. In contrast, in Standard Fijian (SF) articles and pronouns occupy different syntactic positions: SF pronouns are not in D, but in N. The paper concludes that structures such as DP have considerable descriptive power; pronouns behave variably across Oceanic; and Hoava sa/ria are pronouns in all contexts. Their apparent flexibility was an artefact of earlier analyses, not a feature of the grammar.

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Titifanue, Jason, Rufino Robert Varea, Renata Varea, Romitesh Kant, and Glen Finau. "Digital diaspora, reinvigorating Indigenous identity and online activism: social media and the reorientation of Rotuman identity." Media International Australia 169, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18803377.

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The island of Rotuma in Fiji poses a paradox. Indigenous Fijians make up more than 60% of Fiji’s population. However, as a unique ethnic group, Rotumans are a demographic minority, with their language listed on the UNESCO list of endangered languages. This is caused by extensive outmigration, with more than 80% of Rotumans residing outside of Rotuma. Recently, Rotuman migrants have heavily relied on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and new media, as tools for reinvigorating culture, rekindling familial ties and being a platform for political discourse on Rotuman issues. Facebook has been increasingly employed by Rotumans to inform and educate themselves and their networks on the implications of two bills introduced in Fiji’s Parliament in 2015, which impact Rotuma in terms of its land and customs. This article examines how Rotumans have innovatively used social media to reinvigorate culture and how this has evolved to take on an increasingly political dimension.

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Chris, Corne. "Fijian Babel Jeff Siegel, Language Contact in a Plantation Environment: A Sociolinguistic History of Fiji, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987, xiv, 305 pp., A 101." Pacific Viewpoint 29, no. 1 (May 1988): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.291004.

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Arno, Andrew. "Matt Tomlinson, In God's image: The metaculture of Fijian Christianity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009. Pp. xiii, 249. Pb $21.95." Language in Society 39, no. 5 (November 2010): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404510000667.

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Tabucanon, Gil Marvel P. "Social and Cultural Protection for Environmentally Displaced Populations: Banaban Minority Rights in Fiji." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 21, no. 1 (2014): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02101002.

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The effects of global warming are now being felt in various parts of the world. Few aspects of social and cultural life are likely to remain unaffected. The Pacific is widely regarded as one of the most vulnerable regions. Among the impacts of long-term environmental changes will be community migration and displacement. While most displacements are projected to be internal and temporary, for low lying atoll states in the Pacific permanent international relocation may be the only option. This article examines social and cultural rights of environmental migrants, and focuses on the Banaban resettlement in Fiji as a case study on minority rights protection of an environmentally-displaced population. While the Banaban displacement was not due to climate change but to long-term impacts of phosphate extraction on Banaba Island, the Banaban experience provides important lessons on the role of minority rights in the protection of culture and identity of environmentally-displaced communities. That the Banabans retained their collective identity and under existing Fijian law are allowed to maintain their indigenous system of self-government as well as use their native language are proofs of the resettlement’s success. However, Banaban minority protection is no longer as secure as it once seemed to be. Recent developments in Fiji threaten to veer away from minority rights protection and ethnic diversity. Ethnic or cultural minorities, including those displaced by environmental triggers, have distinct customs, traditions and histories requiring legal protection as well as physical and social space to thrive. The protection of cultural diversity promoting a balance of cultural identity retention and acculturation as a by-product of a healthy interaction with the host society constitute a component of successful long-term resettlement.

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Goundar, Prashneel Ravisan, and Preetika A. Prasad. "DETERMINANTS FOR THE DECLINE IN HINDI LANGUAGE STUDENTS IN FIJI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 8 (August 31, 2017): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i8.2017.2230.

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In Fiji, the Hindi language is one of the three National languages (English and I-Taukei) used. It is the mother tongue of almost 35% of Fiji’s population attested to the arrival of indentured laborers in the late 1800’s which give the country multilingualism. Fiji was previously bilingual with the colonialism, Christian missionaries and explorers bringing the English language. Unfortunately, there is emerging a trend in the decline of tertiary students undertaking studies in the Hindi Language. This paper evaluates the determinants for the decline in Hindi Language students and makes appropriate recommendations.

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Ape-Esera, Luisa, Vili Nosa, and Felicity Goodyear-Smith. "The Pacific primary health care workforce in New Zealand: What are the needs?" Journal of Primary Health Care 1, no. 2 (2009): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc09126.

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AIM: To scope future needs of the NZ Pacific primary care workforce. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews with key informants including Pacific primary care workers in both Pacific and mainstream primary health care organisations and managers at funding, policy and strategy levels. Qualitative thematic analysis using general inductive approach. RESULTS: Thirteen stakeholders interviewed (four males, nine females) in 2006. Included both NZ- and Island-born people of Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, Fijian and NZ European ethnicities; age 20–65 years. Occupations included general practitioner, practice nurse, community worker, Ministry of Health official and manager representing mainstream and Pacific-specific organisations. Key themes were significant differences in attributes, needs and values between ‘traditional’ and contemporary Pacific people; issues regarding recruitment and retention of Pacific people into the primary health care workforce; importance of cultural appropriateness for Pacific populations utilising mainstream and Pacific-specific primary care services and both advantages and disadvantages of ‘Pacific for Pacific’ services. CONCLUSION: Interviews demonstrated heterogeneity of Pacific population regarding ethnicity, age, duration of NZ residence and degree of immersion in their culture and language. Higher rates of mental disorder amongst NZ-born Pacific signpost urgent need to address the impact of Western values on NZ-born Pacific youth. Pacific population growth means increasing demands on health services with Pacific worker shortages across all primary health care occupations. However it is not possible for all Pacific people to be treated by Pacific organisations and/or by Pacific health workers and services should be culturally competent regardless of ethnicity of providers. KEYWORDS: Pacific Islands, New Zealand, manpower, ethnic groups, Oceanic Ancestry Group, primary health care

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Narayan, Ravnil. "The Place of Literary Writings in Fiji’s Education System An Overview of Hindi Writings in Fiji." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.5p.43.

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The teaching of vernacular languages or mother tongues in the Pacific island countries is one of the most neglected and vulnerable areas in education. This is borne out by the results of various studies that have been conducted over the past decades on literacy writings in vernacular. To an utter dismay, day by day and year by year, the numbers of Hindi vernacular students have been considerably declining, which is having a direct repercussion on scant publication of local literally writings in Hindi language. This original article will shed some light upon the vernacular teaching and learning of Hindi language, which has a long history in Fiji’s education system. What used to be one’s identity is now treated as a vehicular language, only to be used for conversational purposes. The novelty of the article will also oversee the extent of Hindi language teachings, since its early inception, and the repertoire of means that were adopted to retain her true essence in safe guarding her for the future generations. So much so, the piece is also going to look upon some of the ways in which Hindi literary writings could be brought back in Fiji’s current digitalised era, and what could be done to stop her from being near extinction.

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Shameem, Nikhat. "Classroom Language Use in a Multilingual Community--the Indo-Fijians in Fiji 1." Journal of Intercultural Studies 23, no. 3 (December 2002): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256860216388.

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Williksen-Bakker, Solrun. "Memory and external reference points among Fijians in (urban) Fiji." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 157, no. 2 (2001): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003813.

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McKee, Rachel, Jacqueline Iseli, and Angela Murray. "Sign language interpreting in the Pacific: A snapshot of progress in raising the participation of deaf people." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00005_1.

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Abstract Barriers to acquiring and using a shared sign language alienate deaf children and adults from their fundamental human rights to communication, education, social and economic participation, and access to services. International data collected by the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) identify that in economically developing countries, deaf individuals are at particularly high risk of marginalization, which applies to countries in the Pacific region. This report provides a snapshot of the status of deaf people as sign language users in six Pacific nations: Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste and Kiribati. Information was contributed by sign language interpreters from these countries during a panel convened at the first Oceania regional conference of the World Association of Sign Language Interpreters, in Fiji, 2018. The report outlines conditions for education through sign language and the emergence of sign language interpreting as a means of increasing access and social equity for deaf people in these countries, albeit this remains largely on a voluntary basis. While Fiji and PNG governments have recognized the status of sign languages in their respective countries and allocated some resources to the inclusion of sign language users, practical support of deaf sign language users tends to be progressed on grounds of disability rights rather than language rights; e.g., several Pacific countries have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights for People with Disabilities, which includes provisions for sign language users, and deaf advocacy efforts have gained political traction from alliance with disability organizations.

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Shameem, Nikhat. "The Wellington Indo‐Fijians: Language shift among teenage new immigrants." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 15, no. 5 (January 1994): 399–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1994.9994580.

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Arancet Ruda, María Amelia. ""Molino Rojo" de Jacobo Fijman: Las dos caras de una experiencia." Rilce. Revista de Filología Hispánica 14, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/008.14.26986.

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Seis poemas de "Molino Rojo" de Jacobo Fijman, autor de la vanguardia argentina, pueden leerse como una secuencia, gracias a una gradación de luz y movimiento, primero descendente y luego ascendente. Señalan un proceso espiritual según lo que aclaran las isotopías, las relaciones contextuales y principalmente las relaciones intertextuales con los grandes poetas místicos. Con esta base, se pasa a una intepretación orientada por el lugar sumamente importante que lo religioso ocupó en la vida y las preocupaciones de Fijman.

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Nihalani, Paroo. "Communication." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 79-80 (January 1, 1988): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.79-80.03nih.

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Abstract The widespread use of the Daniel Jones’s English Pronouncing Dictionary in the commonwealth countries seems to imply that British Received Pronunciation (BRP) is the model of English prescribed for the learners of English in these countries. To my mind, this form of pronunciation represents an unrealistic objective and one that is perhaps undesirable. I consider RP as the ‘normative model’ that limits itself to the consideration of communicative intentions attributed to the speaker only. I should like to argue in favour of a communicative model which goes by the measure of success with which a transaction between two participants is negotiated. In the second part, the paper discusses the importance of para-phonological features such as ‘plesasant’ voice quality for communicative purposes. It is suggested that perhaps a course in Spoken English based on ‘diction’ and ‘dramatics’ rather than on the exact phonetic quality of sounds will prove to be more effective. Phonetic correlates of what is called ‘pleasant’ voice quality have also been discussed. The widespread use of the Daniel Jones’s English Pronouncing Dictionary in the commonwealth countries seems to imply that British Received Pronunciation (BRP) is the model of English prescribed for the learners of English in these countries. To my mind, this form of pronunciation represents an unrealistic objective and one that is perhaps undesirable. I consider RP as the ‘normative model’ that limits itself to the consideration of communicative intentions attributed to the speaker only. I should like to argue in favour of a communicative model which goes by the measure of success with which a transaction between two participants, either individuals and/or groups, is negotiated. RP has a set of rules prescribed for the speaker whereas the hearer-based communicative two-way interactional model considers the hearer as an active participant because it is after all up to the hearer either to accept the speech act as a successful speech act or reject it as more or less inappropriate or unhappy. Only the observation of the hearer’s answer can tell whether the speaker has succeeded in performing his/her speech act. This conventional effect should be analysed in the hearer’s uptake and of the speaker’s acceptance of such acceptance. Within the framework of Speech Act theory, an utterance is treated as an act performed by a speaker in a context with reference to an addressee. This pragmatic model focusses on strips of activity and speech acts as occurring in interaction. Within this framework, events as opposed to system, activity as opposed to rules, actual behaviour as opposed to cultural patterns are in focus. The problem of the choice of an instructional model with regard to spoken English has been debated in most of the commonwealth countries, and it seems to have generated a lot of heat. Arguments in favour of the British native model (BRP) have been advocated by the purists and perfectionists like Daniel Jones (1948), Prator (1968) and some other language conservatives. People like Abercrombie (1956, 1965), Kachru (1979), Bamgbose (1971), Bansal (1966) and Mary Tay (1982) who believe in a more realistic approach have suggested the acceptance of an indigenous model under the name of Educated West African English, Educated Singaporean English, Educated Indian English....etc. There aren’t any marked differences between standard native varieties and the Educated indigenous Englishes as far as morphology and syntax are concerned. Grammar is something ‘sacred’. The phonology of Educated indigenous Englishes, however, varies tremendously and one tends to be rather tolerant about this. Ideally speaking, the nonnative speaker should aim at BRP, because the standard of correct usage in a language, whether it is phonology or grammar, is the usage prevalent among the educated native speakers. British Received Pronunciation (BRP), however, has to be an unrealised ideal, partly because we do not have live speakers of this model. Any language model to be followed in instruction and learning has to be a living model. Furthermore, I am rather apprehensive whether such a thing as RP really exists any more even in Britain. I think even in England where it has such great prestige, the proportion of RP speakers would not exceed 3 per cent in 1988. The younger generation in Britain is beginning to feel more democratic and grow-ing rather hostile to the whole business of RP. Professor David Abercrombie, during his last visit to India, maintained that most of the Heads of Departments of English in British univerisities do not speak RP. He went on to add that their three Prime Ministers - Harold Wilson, Edward Heath and James Callaghan - did not speak RP. I am therefore inclined to agree with Abercrombie (1964:14) that “RP is an anachronism in the present-day democratic society”. In most of the commonwealth countries, it has been fashionable to promote the use of English that has a native-speaker base with everyone being encouraged to speak like a native speaker. Therefore, most of the research in the past on nonnative varieties (e.g., Tay (1982), Bansal (1966), Tiffen (1974)) has sought to identify the ways in which a nonnative variety deviates from a native variety at the segmental level. The typical approach in this tradition is to use the native accent selected for comparison as a template, juxtapose it against the template. Their research, thus, has largely concentrated on the way a nonnative accent deviates from a particular native accent, e.g. Singaporean English and R.P., Taiwanese English and American English, or Fijian English and Australian English. Evidently, the studies referred to fail to distinguish between the core properties of native accents and their accidental proprerties. Bansal’s study, for example, identifies the lack of contrast between “cot” and “caught” in Indian English. To my mind, this is a minor/uninteresting feature because for most speakers of standard American English there is no contrast between “bomb” and “balm” either. Both Indian and American speakers of English distinguish between “caught” and “court”, but this distinction is lost in British English. If keeping the segmental distinctions were the primary purpose of teaching spoken English, we would have to teach speakers of General American and RP to keep the distinctions that they do not maintain. Realisational differences are equally unimportant. Thus, Tay (1983) points out that the diphthong /ei/ is realised as [e:] in Singaporean English. However, this is true for most North American varieties as well, and there is no special reason why the speakers of Singaporean English alone should change their habits.

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Mangubhai, Francis, and France Mugler. "The Language Situation in Fiji." Current Issues in Language Planning 4, no. 3-4 (December 2003): 367–459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664200308668058.

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Newton, Peter J. F. "Language and Dialect Diversity in Fiji." Mankind 19, no. 2 (February 10, 2009): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1989.tb00102.x.

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Trnka, Susanna. "Languages of Labor: Negotiating the “Real” and the Relational in Indo-Fijian Women's Expressions of Physical Pain." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 21, no. 4 (December 2007): 388–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.2007.21.4.388.

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Cussen, Felipe. "Sinestesia y Dinamismo en la Poesía Mística de Jacobo Fijman." Literatura y Lingüística, no. 28 (September 26, 2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/0717621x.28.64.

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En este ensayo analizo la poesía visionaria del poeta argentino Jacobo Fijman a partir de dos enfoques: las estrategias formales que utiliza para apelar al lector, y la comparación con ejemplos de otras tradiciones místicas como el cristianismo medieval y el sufismo. A partir de allí desarrollo los conceptos de sinestesia y dinamismo, que fundamentan una poética que intenta activar los sentidos del receptor del mismo modo que una experiencia visionaria.

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Goundar, Prashneel Ravisan. "Outlining the Language Policy and Planning (LPP) in Fiji; Taking Directions From Fiji Islands Education Commission Report of 2000." English Language Teaching 12, no. 7 (June 7, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n7p61.

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Language is something many individuals take for granted. It is usually when we discover that our language (or language variety) is different from and perhaps less valued than, the language of others or that our options are somehow limited, either because ‘we do not speak/understand a language or language variety, or use it inappropriately or ineffectively in a particular context that we begin to pay attention to language’. This paper gives a sketch of Language Policy and Planning (LPP) which is becoming a well-researched field for many academics as well as postgraduate students. The article provides the latest pertinent information on Fiji’s LPP, the linguistic background as well as the medium of instruction (MOI). It further deliberates on the recommendations from the Fiji Islands Education Commission Report of 2000 which is a well-articulated document that provides an overt grounding for LPP in the South Pacific.

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Brison, Karen J. "Constructing Identity through Ceremonial Language in Rural Fiji." Ethnology 40, no. 4 (2001): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3773879.

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Shameem, Nikhat. "Language Attitudes in Multilingual Primary Schools in Fiji." Language, Culture and Curriculum 17, no. 2 (June 2004): 154–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07908310408666690.

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Shameem, Nikhat. "Validating self-reported language proficiency by testing performance in an immigrant community: the Wellington Indo-Fijians." Language Testing 15, no. 1 (January 1998): 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026553229801500104.

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Shameem, N. "Validating self-reported language proficiency by testing performance in an immigrant community: the Wellington Indo-Fijians." Language Testing 15, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026553298675480811.

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Shameem, Nikhat. "Language education needs for multilingualism in Fiji primary schools." International Journal of Educational Development 27, no. 1 (January 2007): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.04.015.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fijian language'

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