Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Filament yarn'

In this study, the application of carbon filament yarn (CFY)-based conductive hybrid yarn as the heating element in a textile-reinforced concrete structure is reported. For this purpose, a hybrid yarn having a core-sheath structure (the core is made of carbon filament yarn and the sheath consists of a mixture of short glass and polypropylene fibres) is manufactured by DREF-2000 spinning technique and integrated into textile structure by tailored fibre placement method. Heat can be generated in the concrete structure by passing electric current through the conductive carbon filament yarn core of the hybrid yarn using the principle of resistive heating, where the sheath acts as the protection and isolation layer. From the initial investigations made on a small concrete specimen, important information is gathered and a large concrete slab with integrated conductive hybrid yarn is manufactured. The heat ability and the comfort level of the manufactured concrete slab are measured. The investigations have revealed the potential of using such hybrid yarn for a pointwise heating of the concrete surface for possible appliance in outdoor furniture.

The scope of the presented master thesis was the experimental study of multi-filament yarns made of AR-glass and used for textile-reinforced concrete. The behavior under the tensile loading was investigated by laboratory tests. A high number of yarn specimens (over 300) of six different lengths (from 1 cm to 74 cm) was tested to obtain statistically significant data which were subsequently corrected and statistically processed. The numerical model of the multi-filament bundle was studied and applied for prediction of the yarn performance and for later results interpretation. The model of n parallel filaments describes the behavior of a bundle with varying parameters representing different sources of disorder of the response and provides the qualitative information about the influence of their randomization on the overall bundle response. The aim of the carried experiment was to validate the model presumptions and to identify the model parameters to fit the real load-displacement curves. Unfortunately, due to unsuccessful correction of measured displacements devalued by additional non-linear contribution of the unstiff experiment device the load-displacement diagrams were not applicable to model parameters identification. The statistical evaluation was carried only for the maximal load values and the effect of the specimen size (length) on its strength was demonstrated. The size effect curve did not exclude the existence of spatial correlation of material mechanical properties modifying the classical statistical Weibull theory.

A novel laser light-sensitive yarn based on a thermoplastic polyester–urethane (TPU) has been prepared and analyzed. Since the thermosensitive shape memory polymer yarn (SMP yarn) has been functionalized using nanoscale heat sources exhibiting light-induced heat generation, the yarn is capable of an optically triggered shape memory effect (SME). For this purpose gold nanorods (GNR) have been employed. In addition to the incorporation of GNR into the yarn, a coating of GNR on the yarn is also proposed, applied by a semi-continuous layer-by-layer (LBL) technique. The SME of the functionalized yarns can be triggered either thermally or optically and has a strain recovery of almost 100%. The light-induced SME is triggered by a low-powered laser (808 nm, 2 W for a GNR-incorporated and 1W for a GNRcoated TPU yarn). A reference yarn without GNR showed no significant effect. An adaptive structure featuring a SMPyarn backed shape memory effect has been proposed and demonstrated.

The idea underlying the present study was to apply twisting in order to introduce different levels of transverse pressure. The modified structure affected both the bonding level and the evolution of the damage in the yarn. In order to isolate this effect in a broader context, additional parameters were included in the experiment design, namely effects of loading rate, specimen length and filament diameter (directly linked to the fineness of the yarn). These factors have been studied in various contexts by several authors. Some related studies on involved factors will be briefly reviewed.

High-performance yarns such as aramid fibers are nowadays used to reinforce composite materials due to their advantageous physico-chemical properties and their low weight. They are also resistant to heat and fire. Para-aramid filament yarns (p-AFs) wound on a cylindrical dyeing package have been silvered successfully by means of a newly developed wetchemical filament yarn metallization process on a laboratory scale. The surface morphology of untreated and silvered p-AF was determined by means of scanning electron microscopy. The chemical structure of the surfaces (contents of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and silver) was determined by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The eliminated and newly formed groups of p-AF before and after silvering were detected by infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform—attenuated total reflectance). After metallization, the silver layer thickness, the mass-related silver content and washing and rubbing fastness were assessed. Furthermore, textile-physical examinations concerning Young’s modulus, elongation at break and electrical conductivity were performed. Subsequently, the electrically conductive p-AFs were integrated in thermoset composite materials reinforced by glass fibers and para-aramid.

The paper presents a meso-scopic modeling framework for the simulation of three-phase composite consisting of a brittle cementitious matrix and reinforcing AR-glass yarns impregnated with epoxy resin. The construction of the model is closely related to the experimental program covering both the meso-scale test (yarn tensile test and double sided pull-out test) and the macro-scale test in the form of tensile test on the textile reinforced concrete specimen. The predictions obtained using the model are validated using a-posteriori performed experiments.

Cette recherche porte sur les fils multifilamentaires de verre utilisés pour renforcer les matériaux à base de ciment. Elle est focalisée sur les interactions mécaniques de ce type de fils, constitués d'un assemblage de milliers de filaments micrométriques, avec un micro-béton et sur le rôle spécifique de l'imprégnation du fil par cette matrice cimentaire. Trois pré-conditionnements des fils ont été employés lors de la fabrication des éprouvettes afin de moduler les conditions d'imprégnation par la matrice cimentaire. L'imprégnation de 5 fils multi-filamentaires par la matrice cimentaire a été caractérisée et les paramètres d'imprégnation ont été définis en s'appuyant sur des observations MEB, ainsi que des essais de porosimétrie au mercure et des essais spécifiques d'écoulement le long du fil enrobé. Des essais classiques d'arrachement de type pull-out ont été utilisés pour la caractérisation mécanique. L'analyse des liens entre les propriétés mécaniques et les paramètres d'imprégnation ont permis de mieux comprendre les micro-mécanismes d'interaction filaments / matrice cimentaire et d'expliquer le comportement macroscopique à l'arrachement
This research deals with multi-filaments glass yarns used as reinforcement of cement based materials. It focuses on the mechanical interactions of these yarns, made of thousands of micrometric filaments, with a micro-concrete and on the specific part of the impregnation of the yarn by the cementitious matrix. Modulated impregnation conditions of the yarns were obtained by using three different manufacturing processes for the samples preparation. The impregnation of 5 multi-filament yarns by the cementitious matrix has been characterized and physical parameters of impregnation were determined using SEM investigations, mercury intrusion porosity measurements and specific tests of flow all along the embedded yarn. Classical pull-out tests have been used for the mechanical characterisation. The study of the links between the mechanical properties and the physical parameters of impregnation allowed accessing a better understanding of the filaments / cementitious matrix interaction micro-mechanisms, and explaining the macroscopic pull-out behaviour

Zur Charakterisierung der Mikrostruktur wurde die Geometrie des Verbundes aus REM-Aufnahmen ausgewertet, sowie die Verbundwirkung einzelner Filamente aus Filament-Pull-Out-Versuchen abgeleitet. Die gewonnenen Parameter bilden die Grundlage für die Modellierung von Garnauszugs- und Rissüberbrückungsmodellen. Unabhängig davon wurde ein Filament-Matrix-Verbund-Gesetz simuliert. Die Übereinstimmungen zwischen der Simulation und der experimentellen Untersuchung des Ausziehverhaltens werden in dem Artikel diskutiert
The microstructure is characterized by analysing the bond geometrically and experimentally. The data to evaluate these two ways are from SEMimages and filament-pull-out-tests. Based on these data yarn-pull-out-models and crack-bridging-models are calculated. In addition a filament-matrix-bond-law is simulated independently. The correlation between the simulation and the experimental analysis of the pull-out behaviour is discussed in this paper

Zur Untersuchung der Schädigungs- und Versagensmechanismen eines in Beton eingebetteten Multifilamentgarns im Auszugversuch wurde die Schallemissionsanalyse zur Identifizierung und Lokalisierung von Filamentbrüchen eingesetzt. Im ersten Schritt wurden dazu die Schall emittierenden Ursachen (Filamentriss, Filamentablösung und Mikroriss im Beton) für eine Differenzierung charakterisiert. Es wurden Versuche zur Erzeugung von isolierten Signalen durchgeführt, welche mit Hilfe der Signal- und Frequenzanalyse untersucht wurden. Bei dem durchgeführten Garnauszugversuch konnte eine hohe Lokalisierungsgenauigkeit der Filamentbrüche erzielt werden. Der Schädigungsverlauf des Garns während des Auszugversuchs konnte detailliert untersucht werden.

Piezoelektriska material används flitigt i olika sensorer då de kan generera en mätbar elektrisk signal vid tryck eller töjning. Arbetet utreder hur ett piezoelektriskt garn innehållandes Polyvinyldiflourid (PVDF) påverkas av faktorer som långvarig mekanisk deformation, fukt och värme. Fokus har legat på det piezoelektriska garnets egenskaper men projektet undersöker också hur integrering i tyg samt applicering i en textil produkt fungerar. Det piezoelektriska garnet har utsatts för ett stort antal tester. I de flesta tester har proverna utvärderats genom cyklisk deformation i en extensometer. Det piezoelektriska garnet har undersökts genom experiment i laboratoriemiljö, praktiska tester i textila applikationer samt vid statistisk analys. Det kan konstateras att yttre faktorer så som fukt och temperatur har inverkan på garnets piezoelektriska effekt. Långvariga tester avslöjar hur garnet uppvisar en längdförändring vid deformation som bidrar till garnets minskade signalstyrka. Garnet kan framgångsrikt integreras i tyg genom sömnad vid rätt inställning för stygnlängd, där högre stygnlängd ger bättre resultat. Samma metod kan användas för att konstruera en piezoelektrisk sensor som appliceras i en träningsstrumpa. Slutsatsen av detta arbete är att parametrar som fukt, krypningsbeteende samt strukturell variation i de individuella PVDF-filamenten har en betydande effekt på det piezoelektriska garnets elektriska signal. Potential i garnets förmåga att fungera som sensor kan ses genom att garnet integrerats med tyg på ett framgångsrikt sätt i en träningsstrumpa för mätning av fotnedsättning. Det kvarstår mycket gällande forskning kring piezoelektriska filament och garn. Vidare forskning i ämnet kommer kunna leda till nya innovativa applikationsmöjligheter som kan komma till nytta inom olika delar av samhället, inte minst inom medicinska användningsområden.
Piezoelectric materials are frequently used in different sensors as they can generate a measurable electrical signal during applied pressure or when subjected to extension. This project examines how a piezoelectric yarn containing Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is affected when exposed to moisture, heat and long-term mechanical deformation. Focus has been directed towards investigating the properties of the piezoelectric yarn as well as how it can be applied in textile fabrics and textile applications. The piezoelectric yarn has been subjected to a series of tests. Most of the samples have undergone cyclic deformation in an extensometer during tests. The piezoelectric yarn has been examined by experiments in laboratory environment, practical tests in textile applications as well as by statistical analysis. It can be stated that factors such as moisture and temperature have influence on the piezoelectric effect of the yarn. Long-term tests reveal how the yarn displays a change in length while undergoing deformation, which contributes to the diminished signal strength of the yarn. The piezoelectric yarn can successfully be integrated in a piece of fabric by the means of sewing when using correct stitch- length, where higher stitch-length gives a higher signal output. The same method can be applied to construct a piezoelectric sensor used in a training sock. This project can conclude that parameters such as moisture, creep-behaviour and structural variation within the PVDF-filaments have a significant effect on the signal created by the piezoelectric yarn. The potential of the yarn as a sensor can be seen by successfully applying it to a textile structure as well as in a training sock that can monitor the fore and rear foot while running. It can be stated that much remains to be studied in this particular research area regarding piezoelectric filaments and yarns. Further research in the subject will lead to new innovative applications that can be of use in different parts of society, not to say the least in the area of medicine.

Ces dernières années, les matériaux composites à matrices minérales ont suscité un grand intérêt dans le domaine du génie civil, en raison de leurs multiples avantages tels que la grande résistance en traction, le comportement pseudo-ductile, la facilité de mise en oeuvre, la nontoxicité et la compatibilité aux substrats. Toutefois, l’efficacité de ces composites est souvent limitée du fait de la faible adhérence du renfort avec la matrice. Cela est du à la faible pénétration des particules de la matrice entre les filaments internes du fil, ce qui entraine une rupture prématurée du matériau. Ce travail a pour but d’améliorer l’adhérence fil-matrice par pré-imprégnation du renfort, afin d’optimiser le comportement mécanique des composites. Deux méthodes de pré-imprégnation ont été utilisées : pré-imprégnation classique par voie humide et pré-imprégnation par voie sèche. Cette dernière se base sur l’application d’un champ électrostatique alternatif permettant la pénétration de la poudre au sein du renfort. La première méthode a déjà été utilisée dans la littérature et a permis d’améliorer les propriétés mécaniques du composite. Cependant, son utilisation reste limitée aux éléments préfabriqués simples contrairement à la deuxième méthode qui peut être appliquée pour réaliser des éléments de construction de grande taille, ou bien pour le renforcement et la réparation des structures in situ. La présente étude s’appuie sur une analyse multi-échelles permettant d’aborder le problème d’adhérence à l’échelle d’interface (fil-matrice) et à l’échelle du composite (fil-matrice et textile-matrice). Tout d’abord, des essais d’arrachement ont été conduits sur des fils de verre enrobés dans une matrice ettringitique. Huit configurations ont été étudiées afin d’évaluer l’effet du processus de pré-imprégnation et le type des matériaux de pré-imprégnation à sec. Il en sort que le comportement d’arrachement est amélioré par pré-imprégnation du fil par voie humide et sèche mais, précisons que par voie sèche, l’amélioration est significative seulement dans le cas d’utilisation de poudre de particules très fines. Une modélisation numérique de l’essai d’arrachement a été également réalisée afin d’identifier les propriétés d’interface fil-matrice. En se basant sur ces résultats, une étude expérimentale et numérique du comportement en traction des composites fil-matrice a été ensuite réalisée. Cinq configurations ont été retenues, après avoir écarté les prétraitements de fil ayant eu un effet néfaste sur l’adhérence fil-matrice. Il s’est avéré que les deux procédés contribuent à une augmentation significative des propriétés mécaniques du composite. De plus, un modèle numérique 3D a été développé pour simuler l’essai de traction d’un composite sec et pré-imprégné. Il a permis d’une part de prédire le comportement global du matériau et d’autre part d’apporter une meilleure compréhension de ce comportement grâce à l’analyse des états de déformation et de contrainte au niveau du fil, de la matrice et de l’interface. Enfin, une comparaison de l’effet des deux procédés de pré-imprégnation a été établie à l’échelle du composite textile-matrice au moyen d’essais de traction et d’analyse de corrélation d’image. Cinq différents types de tissu de verre unidirectionnel ont été utilisés. La pré-imprégnation par voie sèche a démontré la plus forte amélioration des performances du composite quel que soit le grammage du tissu, contrairement à la pré-imprégnation par voie humide qui trouve sa limite quand le textile devient dense
In recent years, mineral matrix composites have gained great interest in the field of civil engineering, thanks to their multiple advantages such as high tensile strength, pseudo-ductile behavior, ease of implementation, non-toxicity and substrate compatibility. However, the efficiency of these composites is often limited because of the low adhesion of the reinforcement to the matrix. This is due to the low penetrability of matrix particles into the space between the inner filaments of the yarn, which leads to premature failure of the material. The purpose of this work is to improve the yarn-matrix adhesion by pre-impregnating the reinforcement in order to optimize the mechanical behavior of composites. Two pre-impregnation methods were used : conventional pre-impregnation in a wet manner and pre-impregnation in a dry manner. This last is based on an alternating electrostatic field used to impregnate yarns with powder. The first method has already been used in the literature and has improved the mechanical properties of the composite. However, it is suited only for the manufacturing of simple prefabricated elements, unlike the second method, which can be applied for the construction of large elements, or for strengthening or repairing structures in site. This study is based on a multi-scale analysis to investigate the bond problem at the interface scale (yarn-matrix) and at the composite scale (yarn-matrix and textile-matrix). First, pull-out tests were conducted on glass yarns embedded in an ettringitic matrix. Eight configurations were studied to evaluate the effect of the pre-impregnation process and the type of dry pre-impregnation powders. It results that the pull-out behavior is improved by pre-impregnating the yarn in wet and dry manner but, it should be noted that in dry process, the improvement is significant only when using very fine particle powders. A numerical modeling of the pull-out test was also carried out in order to identify the yarn-matrix interface properties. Based on these results, an experimental and numerical study of the tensile behavior of yarn-matrix composites was then carried out. Five configurations were selected, after excluding the yarn pre-treatments that had a negative effect on the yarn-matrix bond. It was found that both processes contribute to a significant increase in the mechanical properties of the composite. In addition, a 3D numerical model has been developed to simulate the tensile test of a dry and pre-impregnated composite. It allowed on the one hand to predict the global behavior of the material and on the other hand to provide a better understanding of this behavior by analyzing the deformation and stress states at the level of the yarn, the matrix and the interface. Finally, a comparison of the effect of the two pre-impregnation processes was established at the textile-matrix composite scale by means of tensile tests and image correlation analysis. Five different types of unidirectional glass fabric were used. The dry pre-impregnation has shown the best improvement in composite performance regardless of fabric density, unlike the wet pre-impregnation, which has its limits when the textile becomes dense

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit einem neuen textilverstärkten Zugmittel mit formschlüssiger Krafteinleitung. Im Grundlagenteil werden Aufbau, Eigenschaften und Dimensionierungsgrundlagen von Rollenketten und Zahnriemenantrieben erörtert, sowie textile und elastomere Werkstoffe betrachtet. Aus den Betrachtungen zum Stand der Technik, der Maschenware mit hochfesten Filamentgarnen und deren polymeren Beschichtungen wird der Entwicklungsansatz abgeleitet. Mit Hilfe eines Spezialkettenwirkverfahrens werden die textilen Zugträger als Recht/Links-Maschenware hergestellt. Das besondere daran ist die teilungsgenaue Einbindung der Bolzen in die Maschenstruktur bei der Fertigung. Eine anschließende elastomere Beschichtung verbessert die mechanischen Eigenschaften erheblich und fixiert die Bolzen axial. Dabei werden reaktive Polyurethane im Gießverfahren und thermoplastische Elastomere im Spritzgießverfahren eingesetzt. Drei ausgewählte textile Bindungen mit verschiedenen Beschichtungen wurden statisch und dynamisch, anhand von Proben und endlos verbundenen Zugmitteln, ausführlich untersucht. Die daraus abgeleiteten Bauteil-Wöhlerlinien und Leistungsdiagramme bilden die Grundlage zur Auslegung der textilverstärkten Zugmittel für Anwendungen im Maschinenbau
The dissertation deals with a new textile reinforced with form-closed force application. The basis of structure, properties and sizing basics of roller chain drives and belt drives are discussed and considered textile and elastomeric materials. From consideration of the prior art, the knitted fabric with high tenacity filament of polymeric coatings and their development approach is derived. Using a special knitting process, the textile chain tension members are produced as a right / left-knit fabric. The special thing about it is the exact distribution of involvement of the pins in the mesh structure during manufacturing. Subsequent elastomeric coating significantly improves the mechanical properties and fixes the bolt axially. These reactive polyurethanes by casting and thermoplastic elastomers are used in injection molding. Three selected textile bonds with different coatings were statically and dynamically examine in detail the basis of samples and associated endless traction means. The derived component S/N curves and performance charts are the basis for the design of textile-reinforced tension means for applications in mechanical engineering

In the present work, the load-bearing behaviour of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC), which is a composite of a fine-grained concrete matrix and a reinforcement of high-performance fibres processed to textiles, exposed to uniaxial tensile loading was investigated based on numerical simulations. The investigations are focussed on reinforcement of multi-filament yarns of alkali-resistant glass. When embedded in concrete, these yarns are not entirely penetrated with cementitious matrix, which leads associated with the heterogeneity of the concrete and the yarns to a complex load-bearing and failure behaviour of the composite. The main objective of the work was the theoretical investigation of effects in the load-bearing behaviour of TRC, which cannot be explained solely by available experimental results. Therefore, a model was developed, which can describe the tensile behaviour of TRC in different experimental test setups with a unified approach. Neglecting effects resulting from Poisson’s effect, a one-dimensional model implemented within the framework of the Finite Element Method was established. Nevertheless, the model takes also transverse effects into account by a subdivision of the reinforcement yarns into so-called segments. The model incorporates two types of finite elements: bar and bond elements. In longitudinal direction, the bar elements are arranged in series to represent the load-bearing behaviour of matrix or reinforcement. In transverse direction these bar element chains are connected with bond elements. The model gains most of its complexity from non-linearities arising from the constitutive relations, e. g., limited tensile strength of concrete and reinforcement, tension softening of the concrete, waviness of the reinforcement and non-linear bond laws. Besides a deterministic description of the material behaviour, also a stochastic formulation based on a random field approach was introduced in the model. The model has a number of advantageous features, which are provided in this combination only in a few of the existing models concerning TRC. It provides stress distributions in the reinforcement and the concrete as well as properties of concrete crack development like crack spacing and crack widths, which are in some of the existing models input parameters and not a result of the simulations. Moreover, the successive failure of the reinforcement can be studied with the model. The model was applied to three types of tests, the filament pull-out test, the yarn pull-out test and tensile tests with multiple concrete cracking. The results of the simulations regarding the filament pull-out tests showed good correspondence with experimental data. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of geometrical properties in these tests like embedding and free lengths of the filament as well as bond properties between filament and matrix. The presented results of simulations of yarn pull-out tests demonstrated the applicability of the model to this type of test. It has been shown that a relatively fine subdivision of the reinforcement is necessary to represent the successive failure of the reinforcement yarns appropriately. The presented results showed that the model can provide the distribution of failure positions in the reinforcement and the degradation development of yarns during loading. One of the main objectives of the work was to investigate effects concerning the tensile material behaviour of TRC, which could not be explained, hitherto, based solely on experimental results. Hence, a large number of parametric studies was performed concerning tensile tests with multiple concrete cracking, which reflect the tensile behaviour of TRC as occurring in practice. The results of the simulations showed that the model is able to reproduce the typical tripartite stress-strain response of TRC consisting of the uncracked state, the state of multiple matrix cracking and the post-cracking state as known from experimental investigations. The best agreement between simulated and experimental results was achieved considering scatter in the material properties of concrete as well as concrete tension softening and reinforcement waviness
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Untersuchungen zum einaxialen Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton. Textilbeton ist ein Verbundwerkstoff bestehend aus einer Matrix aus Feinbeton und einer Bewehrung aus Multifilamentgarnen aus Hochleistungsfasern, welche zu textilen Strukturen verarbeitet sind. Die Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf Bewehrungen aus alkali-resistentem Glas. Das Tragverhalten des Verbundwerkstoffs ist komplex, was aus der Heterogenität der Matrix und der Garne sowie der unvollständigen Durchdringung der Garne mit Matrix resultiert. Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist die theoretische Untersuchung von Effekten und Mechanismen innerhalb des Lastabtragverhaltens von Textilbeton, welche nicht vollständig anhand verfügbarer experimenteller Ergebnisse erklärt werden können. Das entsprechende Modell zur Beschreibung des Zugtragverhaltens von Textilbeton soll verschiedene experimentelle Versuchstypen mit einem einheitlichen Modell abbilden können. Unter Vernachlässigung von Querdehneffekten wurde ein eindimensionales Modell entwickelt und im Rahmen der Finite-Elemente-Methode numerisch implementiert. Es werden jedoch auch Lastabtragmechanismen in Querrichtung durch eine Unterteilung der Bewehrungsgarne in sogenannte Segmente berücksichtigt. Das Modell enthält zwei Typen von finiten Elementen: Stabelemente und Verbundelemente. In Längsrichtung werden Stabelemente kettenförmig angeordnet, um das Tragverhalten von Matrix und Bewehrung abzubilden. In Querrichtung sind die Stabelementketten mit Verbundelementen gekoppelt. Das Modell erhält seine Komplexität hauptsächlich aus Nichtlinearitäten in der Materialbeschreibung, z.B. durch begrenzte Zugfestigkeiten von Matrix und Bewehrung, Zugentfestigung der Matrix, Welligkeit der Bewehrung und nichtlineare Verbundgesetze. Neben einer deterministischen Beschreibung des Materialverhaltens beinhaltet das Modell auch eine stochastische Beschreibung auf Grundlage eines Zufallsfeldansatzes. Mit dem Modell können Spannungsverteilungen im Verbundwerkstoff und Eigenschaften der Betonrissentwicklung, z.B. in Form von Rissbreiten und Rissabständen untersucht werden, was in dieser Kombination nur mit wenigen der existierenden Modelle für Textilbeton möglich ist. In vielen der vorhandenen Modelle sind diese Eigenschaften Eingangsgrößen für die Berechnungen und keine Ergebnisse. Darüber hinaus kann anhand des Modells auch das sukzessive Versagen der Bewehrungsgarne studiert werden. Das Modell wurde auf drei verschiedene Versuchstypen angewendet: den Filamentauszugversuch, den Garnauszugversuch und Dehnkörperversuche. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zu den Filamentauszugversuchen zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Resultaten. Zudem wurden Parameterstudien durchgeführt, um Einflüsse aus Geometrieeigenschaften wie der eingebetteten und freien Filamentlänge sowie Materialeigenschaften wie dem Verbund zwischen Matrix und Filament zu untersuchen. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zum Garnauszugversuch demonstrierten die Anwendbarkeit des Modells auf diesen Versuchstyp. Es wurde gezeigt, dass für eine realitätsnahe Abbildung des Versagensverhaltens der Bewehrungsgarne eine relativ feine Auflösung der Bewehrung notwendig ist. Die Berechnungen lieferten die Verteilung von Versagenspositionen in der Bewehrung und die Entwicklung der Degradation der Garne im Belastungsverlauf. Ein Hauptziel der Arbeit war die Untersuchung von Effekten im Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton, die bisher nicht durch experimentelle Untersuchungen erklärt werden konnten. Daher wurde eine Vielzahl von Parameterstudien zu Dehnkörpern mit mehrfacher Matrixrissbildung, welche das Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton ähnlich praktischen Anwendungen abbilden, durchgeführt. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zeigten, dass der experimentell beobachtete dreigeteilte Verlauf der Spannungs-Dehnungs-Beziehung von Textilbeton bestehend aus dem ungerissenen Zustand, dem Zustand der Matrixrissbildung und dem Zustand der abgeschlossenen Rissbildung vom Modell wiedergegeben wird. Die beste Übereinstimmung zwischen berechneten und experimentellen Ergebnissen ergab sich unter Einbeziehung von Streuungen in den Materialeigenschaften der Matrix, der Zugentfestigung der Matrix und der Welligkeit der Bewehrung

Characteristics of non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma generated in a coaxial cylindrical Dielectric-Barrier Discharge (DBD) were investigated for application in treatment of polymer and 100% un-mercerized cotton yarns. The discharge characteristics were investigated by measuring the electrical parameters and utilization of developed plasma circuit models to obtain plasma electron temperature, number density and the electron-neutral collision frequency. The experiments were conducted in helium and oxygenated helium plasma in absence and presence of yarns. The discharge is capacitively-coupled and is induced by an audio-frequency, 4.5 kHz, oscillating voltage. The electrical voltage-current (V-I) characteristics optimized for plasma processing, by the oxygen and helium flow rate ratio, was found to be about 40sccm for oxygen flow. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to determine the plasma composition and to evaluate plasma temperature and number density. The plasma electron number density decreased from 2.2 x 10^16 to 1.4 x 10^16 per cubic meter when oxygen flow rate was increased to 100sccm in a 10,000sccm helium flow, while the electron temperature increased from 0.15 to 0.4 eV for the same increase in oxygen flow rate. It was also found that the plasma experiences some streamers and that the streamer?s electron temperature has a wide range between 0.5 to 2 eV. The optimized oxygen flow rate for polymer yarn processing was found to be 40sccm in a 10,000sccm helium flow.

This experimental study focuses on the links that exist between the mechanical pull-out behaviour of multi-filament yarns embedded in concrete and the impregnation of the yarn by the concrete. To this aim, 5 glass yarns have been embedded in concrete (AR and E glass yarns from assembled or direct roving). A pre-treatment was applied to the yarn before the casting, and was chosen in the following three: wetting, drying or pre-impregnation with a cement slurry. By this way, 15 yarn / pre-treatment combinations were obtained that generate 15 conditions of impregnation of the yarn by the cementitious matrix. In each case, the mechanical properties were determined from a classical pull-out test and the yarns impregnation properties were characterized by two dedicated tests: yarns porosity measurements and along yarn water flow measurements. By studying the relationship between the mechanical behaviour and the physical properties of the impregnated yarns, it is shown that the pre- and post-peak behaviour are mainly connected to the flow rate measured during the water flow measurements, which suggest a specific influence of the connected pores parallel to the filaments and of the penetration depth of the matrix into the yarn. The postpeak and the residual behaviour are moreover linked to the yarn pore volume associated to the disorder induced in the filaments assembly by the penetration of the matrix. The overall result of this work is a contribution to the understanding of the relationship between the impregnation of the yarns and the pull-out behaviour.

Um tipo de composto têxtil, comumente chamado de membrana têxtil, tem sido empregado, nas últimas décadas, como parte de um sistema arquitetônico usado para a cobertura, fechamento e/ou proteção de espaços públicos e privados em vários países do mundo. O termo membrana está relacionado com o fato de o material permanecer tensionado e separar dois ambientes que se interagem. Essa solução arquitetônica é comumente conhecida como arquitetura têxtil, especialmente quando se trata de estruturas tensionadas; o termo é usado por muitos profissionais em todo mundo, apesar de não existir uma unanimidade de opiniões sobre os conceitos envolvidos na definição do termo e o que ele abrange. Na maior parte dos casos, as obras geradas são muito atraentes, práticas e funcionais, com características, formas e tamanhos diversos, dependendo da necessidade a ser atendida. Quando bem projetadas, integram-se perfeitamente ao ambiente por terem formas orgânicas e passarem uma imagem de leveza, fluidez e modernidade. São dois os tipos de membranas têxteis mais usados: 1) um grupo de membranas cujo tecido estruturante é um tecido de poliéster recoberto em ambos os lados por uma camada de cloreto de polivinila (PVC), e 2) um grupo de membranas feitas com tecidos de vidro recobertos com politetraflúoretileno (PTFE). O foco principal deste trabalho são as membranas de poliéster/PVC usadas para estruturas tensionadas. Os tecidos usados nessa gama estão enquadrados na categoria denominada tecidos técnicos, e são formados por fios compostos por filamentos de poliéster de alta tenacidade de diferentes tipos, gerando vários artigos com características técnicas distintas e, consequentemente, membranas com diversas especificações e comportamentos diferentes na aplicação final.Este estudo traz uma visão geral sobre o assunto no mundo e um panorama mais detalhado para o Brasil, abordando definições, termos usados, materiais, fornecedores, especificações, tipos de produtos e acabamentos, normas, reciclagem e meio ambiente. A beleza e modernidade são apontadas como as principais qualidades desse tipo de cobertura. As expectativas são de crescimento dessa aplicação para os próximos anos. Porém a falta de conhecimento e a complexidade técnica desse tipo de solução é um problema a ser solucionado para que melhores resultados sejam atingidos e ela possa realmente ser considerada uma solução viável e adequada para o país.
The type of textile compound, commonly called textile membrane, has been employed in recent decades, as part of an architectural system used for covering, closing and/or protection of publics and private spaces in many countries around the world. The term membrane is related to the fact that the material remains tensioned and separating two interacting environments. This architectural solution is commonly known as \' textile architecture \', especially when tensile structures are involved; this term is used by many professionals worldwide, although it do not exist a unanimity of opinions regarding the concepts involved in the definition of the term and what it encompasses. In most cases, the structures generated are very attractive, practical and functional, with different characteristics, different shapes and sizes, depending on the requirements to be met. When well designed, they will be seamlessly integrated with the environment by having organic forms, giving a feeling of lightness, fluidity and modernity. The two types of textile membranes commonly used are: 1) a group whose structuring material of the membrane is a polyester fabric coated, on both sides, with a layer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 2) a group of membranes made with glass filament fabrics coated with polytetrafluoretilene (PTFE). The focus of this work is the polyester/PVC membranes used for tensile structures. The fabric used in this range is framed within the category named \'technical fabrics\', and are composed by different kinds of high tenacity yarns of polyester filaments, generating several articles with different technical characteristics and consequently, membranes with different specifications and different behaviors in the final application. The study provides an overview of the subject in the world and a panorama slightly more detailed for Brazil, covering definitions, terms, used materials, suppliers, specifications, product types and finishes, recycling and environment issues. The \' beauty \' and \' modernity \' are cited as the main qualities of this type of covering. There are expectations of growing of this application for coming years. But the lack of knowledge and the technical complexity of this kind of solution is a problem to be solved, so that best results can are achieved and it can really be considered a viable and appropriate solution for the country.

碩士
輔仁大學
織品服裝學系
99
This research targets on finding the improvements of the diving suit’s warming insufficiency based on the warming textile materials on hand. Using electric conductive nano silver polyester filament as the basic material of thermocouple, and changing different stitching processors and different stitching arrangement are two main approaches to help this research to discuss. This research discusses the effects of yarn’s quality and compatibility between twists and twisting triangles; the effects of yarn’s electric resistance on nano silver polyester filament from different length; the different relations for electric resistance and the changes of conductivity from four different combos of stitches. This research designs the experiment process to test the warming effects for the warming fabric nano silver polyester filament. In the end, the results of this research show that, if the twist is larger while the twist triangle is smaller, the quality variation factor for nano silver polyester filament is better. If the loner of the yarn’s sewing length, the electric resistance is higher. If the convolution and corner from the stitch’s combo arrangement are more, the electric resistance is higher as well. Using hollow-fiber for base fabric is better.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
分子科學與工程系紡織技術及國際行銷產業碩士專班
107
The purpose of this study is to explore the practical application of computer color matching systems that are often used in the market, whether there is considerable accuracy in actual use, and to evaluate its practicality. In this study, PET fabrics and Nylon fibers were used to compare the two fabrics. First, the different concentration ratio dyeing of each dye was carried out, and the dyeing results were stored in a computer color matching system. Then, the color matching system was used for color matching and color correction. The action was performed, and the four tissues were separately stained, and the ΔE test was performed after dyeing. Actual results In the case of the standard ΔE ≤ 1.0, the accuracy of the color matching on the Nylon fabric is relatively high, but the Polyester fabric is also quite accurate, and even if the color actually dyed in the color matching stage is not too large (ΔE >10) In this case, the system can be effectively corrected to close to the color by performing a color correction operation through the system. After the actual experimental analysis, it is found that the color ratio of the computer color matching system that is often used in the market is not high, but the color ratio is greatly increased after the color correction, and the color correction can be closer to the direction of the color. One of the ways to speed up the proofing speed today.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
纖維及高分子工程研究所
88
The composite yarn spun on a 3-roller drafting system with multifilament yarn and staple fibers had been the subject of a considerable amount of research. However, the dispersion of the spreaded polyester filament in the cross-sectional structure of the composite yarn was not ideal. The results of a study on the cross-sectional structure of composite yarn revealed that the major cross-sectional structure of composite yarn is the asymmetrically sided type. This type represents 61.5% of the cross-sectional structure of composite yarn. But the fraction of the uniform type is only 24.5%, indicating that the cross-sectional structure of P/R composite yarn really has to be studied in advance to improve its blend uniformity. This study investigated composite yarn on a 4-roller drafting system with the goal of improving the cross-sectional structure of polyester filament/rayon fiber (P/R) composite yarn. We found that a 4-roller drafting system with 2 double aprons is beneficial for controlling the filament spread width, as well as improving the mixing efficiency of spreaded polyester filaments and drafted rayon fibers in the nip of the front roller. Consequently, this arrangement will yield a composite yarn with better blend uniformity. The results revealed that the fraction of the uniform distribution type increase from 24.5% to 34.0﹪.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
高分子工程系
92
The content is describing cotton fiber, though with comfortable touch and water inclination property which is good at water absorption however with inferior property in water movement and moisture wick-away. Through the combination of irregular section long staple fiber to reach the effect of absorbing moisture and wick away sweat. The core yarn, spun from cotton fiber and long staple fiber, not only has the touch of cotton product but also has the function of absorbing moisture and wick away sweat. It can be used for making iron-free clothes or for the purpose of burning which can enhance the diversity and transparent effect of clothes. Furthermore, to spinning covering yarn that has doubled yarn effect from yarn surface consisting of cotton fiber and long staple fiber. It could enhance the color diversity of clothes such as two tones and three tones through processing. The experiment is conducted in modified ring spinning frame to spin core yarn and covering yarn. To spin 16/1 combed yarn covering poly 75 denier/48 filaments long staple fiber. For long staple fiber which is managed in terms of cross section, multi-hole section and double-winged section. To evaluate fabric’s water absorption, absorption height, drying ability and expanding area after knitting into single jersey fabric. The effect of ‘moisture absorption, wick-away sweat’ is reached to the standard of various brand products in the market. On analyzing, the water absorption ability of core yarn is better than that of covering yarn, but the expanding area of covering yarn is better than that of core yarn. The absorption height of covering yarn is higher and the drying ability is better than that of core yarn. The effect of ‘moisture absorption, wick-away sweat’ in long staple fiber used in this experiment is multi-hole section > cross section > double-winged section.

碩士
逢甲大學
紡織工程所
91
In order to improve comfort and anti-electrostatics of textiles, the complex core spun yarn was spun with metal filaments by ring frame. In this study, we used the copper and stainless steel filaments as core materials, and the rayon and T/R (polyester/rayon) roving as cover materials. In our spinning process, the metal filament fed from the front rollers was combined with the drafting roving strand to spin the complex core spun yarn. We designed the guide device installed at the weighting arm to increase stability of the metal filament. Besides, we also changed several parameters such as the core materials, cover materials, twist level, and counts of roving to discuss the influence of these parameters on the tenacity, hairiness, twist and modulus of bias of the complex core spun yarn. Afterward, the complex core spun yarn was woven into double jersey knitted fabrics to measure their tenacity, surface and volume resistivity, halflife of electrostatic and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). The results revealed that the optimum tenacity of the complex core spun yarn could be obtained while its twist level was 14 TPI with the roving of Ne15. The hairiness of the spun yarn was decreased while the twist level was increased. Moreover, the hairiness abundance of the spun yarn covered with rayon roving was more than that with T/R. Otherwise, the optimum tenacity of the knitted fabrics could be obtained while their twist level was 14 TPI with the roving of Ne20. The electric properties of the knitted fabrics were affected with the cover materials of the core spun yarn. The surface resistivity of the fabrics covered with rayon roving were about 108 Ω/square, and their volume resistivity were about 107 Ω/square. Similarly, the surface and volume resistivity of the fabrics covered with T/R were about 109 Ω/square and 108 Ω/square respectively. The halflife of electrostatic of knitted fabrics were approximately 1 second, and their EMSE were 8 ~ 15 dB at the frequency of 30 ~ 100 MHz.

碩士
輔仁大學
織品服裝學系
98
Taiwan lacks the raw material for natural fiber and thus Taiwan textile industry has chosen man-made fiber as the main source of raw material for development in which the man-made fiber industry plays an important role in leading the textile industry of economic development. However, due to intense international competition, Taiwan man-made fiber industry has been seriously affected. Taiwan has to strengthen the development of the new products in apparel, home textiles, and industrial application in order to keep its previous competitive status. In the past, little research has been completed on the strategical development of new products for man-made fibers. In comparison with all other fibers in the man-made fibers decline, the nylon filament yarn industry has a slight growth in the past ten years which has prompted the value for research. As a result, this research selected the five most representational manufacturers in the field of nylon filament yarn to study. This research analyzed multiple case studies and utilized the induction method to arrange and analyze the collected data from interviewing each manufacturer. The discovery from this research: The driving force and competitive strategy for new product development in Taiwan nylon filament yarn industry usually adopted the “consumer driven” and “product differentiation” approach, which provides “customized” products to meet clients’ demand and to promote product value. Currently, Taiwan nylon filament yarn industry in order to reach a competitive status, the industry has to increase production to meet economy of scale, reduce cost, continue to pursue quality control, successfully develop new and “differentiated” products. However, under the premise of manufacturers in pursuit for product differentiation, an intense competitive structure was formed within the industry. This competitive structure triggered a situation where few products were able to reach a monopolized status and made manufacturers incapable to find the next “The Golden Calf”. Therefore, strengthening business operation and reducing production cost were the primary goals for the industry. For future development, manufacturers will focus on combination with high tech production. In order to create a new green business opportunity, the primary focus for new product development will be “environmentally friendly, low-carbon emission, energy conservation, and sustainability”. Due to nylon’s excellent elasticity, hydrophilicity, and texture, the future of high value-added apparel will be the development of fine denier and high yarn count in which the gradual substitution for the higher-priced Nylon 66 is anticipated. For the expansion of non-fiber usage, the development of home textiles applications has been limited. However, since nylon filament yarn has high elasticity, wear resistance, toughness and surface bonding, it will have an excellent opportunity for industrial applications. For interdisciplinary development opportunity, if Taiwan can combine the efforts of the industry, government agency, academia, and research institute, it could accelerate the development of innovative textile products and newer applications.

碩士
逢甲大學
紡織工程所
94
Everybody knows that enterprises focus on the business goal achievement and no matter which industry is. Nowadays, facing the problem for raising price of oil and global textile quota released all the environment of chemistry and petrochemistry industries are totally different from before. Under pressure of raising cost of raw material and production, the competition pressure that Taiwan chemistry industry facing has become more server. Polyester fiber is one of the most important products of Taiwan Petrochemistry industry. The purposes of this research are to find out the causal factors of false twist textured yarn price effect on semi-draw-yarn and polyester draw-textured yarn by quantitative measurement analysis approach, and the prediction model by regression analysis. Results show that, the price of polyester oriented yarn and polyester draw-textured yarn is affected by the cost of raw material and the amount of stock of last month. Also, polyester oriented yarn mill has profit only when the difference between price of raw material and selling price is greater than New Taiwan Dollar 8 / Kg. From the 250/48SD case study, we can find that only differentiate products from others, one can get ride off the hostile competitive and create one’s own illimitable opportunity.

In the present work, the load-bearing behaviour of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC), which is a composite of a fine-grained concrete matrix and a reinforcement of high-performance fibres processed to textiles, exposed to uniaxial tensile loading was investigated based on numerical simulations. The investigations are focussed on reinforcement of multi-filament yarns of alkali-resistant glass. When embedded in concrete, these yarns are not entirely penetrated with cementitious matrix, which leads associated with the heterogeneity of the concrete and the yarns to a complex load-bearing and failure behaviour of the composite. The main objective of the work was the theoretical investigation of effects in the load-bearing behaviour of TRC, which cannot be explained solely by available experimental results. Therefore, a model was developed, which can describe the tensile behaviour of TRC in different experimental test setups with a unified approach. Neglecting effects resulting from Poisson’s effect, a one-dimensional model implemented within the framework of the Finite Element Method was established. Nevertheless, the model takes also transverse effects into account by a subdivision of the reinforcement yarns into so-called segments. The model incorporates two types of finite elements: bar and bond elements. In longitudinal direction, the bar elements are arranged in series to represent the load-bearing behaviour of matrix or reinforcement. In transverse direction these bar element chains are connected with bond elements. The model gains most of its complexity from non-linearities arising from the constitutive relations, e. g., limited tensile strength of concrete and reinforcement, tension softening of the concrete, waviness of the reinforcement and non-linear bond laws. Besides a deterministic description of the material behaviour, also a stochastic formulation based on a random field approach was introduced in the model. The model has a number of advantageous features, which are provided in this combination only in a few of the existing models concerning TRC. It provides stress distributions in the reinforcement and the concrete as well as properties of concrete crack development like crack spacing and crack widths, which are in some of the existing models input parameters and not a result of the simulations. Moreover, the successive failure of the reinforcement can be studied with the model. The model was applied to three types of tests, the filament pull-out test, the yarn pull-out test and tensile tests with multiple concrete cracking. The results of the simulations regarding the filament pull-out tests showed good correspondence with experimental data. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of geometrical properties in these tests like embedding and free lengths of the filament as well as bond properties between filament and matrix. The presented results of simulations of yarn pull-out tests demonstrated the applicability of the model to this type of test. It has been shown that a relatively fine subdivision of the reinforcement is necessary to represent the successive failure of the reinforcement yarns appropriately. The presented results showed that the model can provide the distribution of failure positions in the reinforcement and the degradation development of yarns during loading. One of the main objectives of the work was to investigate effects concerning the tensile material behaviour of TRC, which could not be explained, hitherto, based solely on experimental results. Hence, a large number of parametric studies was performed concerning tensile tests with multiple concrete cracking, which reflect the tensile behaviour of TRC as occurring in practice. The results of the simulations showed that the model is able to reproduce the typical tripartite stress-strain response of TRC consisting of the uncracked state, the state of multiple matrix cracking and the post-cracking state as known from experimental investigations. The best agreement between simulated and experimental results was achieved considering scatter in the material properties of concrete as well as concrete tension softening and reinforcement waviness.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Untersuchungen zum einaxialen Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton. Textilbeton ist ein Verbundwerkstoff bestehend aus einer Matrix aus Feinbeton und einer Bewehrung aus Multifilamentgarnen aus Hochleistungsfasern, welche zu textilen Strukturen verarbeitet sind. Die Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf Bewehrungen aus alkali-resistentem Glas. Das Tragverhalten des Verbundwerkstoffs ist komplex, was aus der Heterogenität der Matrix und der Garne sowie der unvollständigen Durchdringung der Garne mit Matrix resultiert. Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist die theoretische Untersuchung von Effekten und Mechanismen innerhalb des Lastabtragverhaltens von Textilbeton, welche nicht vollständig anhand verfügbarer experimenteller Ergebnisse erklärt werden können. Das entsprechende Modell zur Beschreibung des Zugtragverhaltens von Textilbeton soll verschiedene experimentelle Versuchstypen mit einem einheitlichen Modell abbilden können. Unter Vernachlässigung von Querdehneffekten wurde ein eindimensionales Modell entwickelt und im Rahmen der Finite-Elemente-Methode numerisch implementiert. Es werden jedoch auch Lastabtragmechanismen in Querrichtung durch eine Unterteilung der Bewehrungsgarne in sogenannte Segmente berücksichtigt. Das Modell enthält zwei Typen von finiten Elementen: Stabelemente und Verbundelemente. In Längsrichtung werden Stabelemente kettenförmig angeordnet, um das Tragverhalten von Matrix und Bewehrung abzubilden. In Querrichtung sind die Stabelementketten mit Verbundelementen gekoppelt. Das Modell erhält seine Komplexität hauptsächlich aus Nichtlinearitäten in der Materialbeschreibung, z.B. durch begrenzte Zugfestigkeiten von Matrix und Bewehrung, Zugentfestigung der Matrix, Welligkeit der Bewehrung und nichtlineare Verbundgesetze. Neben einer deterministischen Beschreibung des Materialverhaltens beinhaltet das Modell auch eine stochastische Beschreibung auf Grundlage eines Zufallsfeldansatzes. Mit dem Modell können Spannungsverteilungen im Verbundwerkstoff und Eigenschaften der Betonrissentwicklung, z.B. in Form von Rissbreiten und Rissabständen untersucht werden, was in dieser Kombination nur mit wenigen der existierenden Modelle für Textilbeton möglich ist. In vielen der vorhandenen Modelle sind diese Eigenschaften Eingangsgrößen für die Berechnungen und keine Ergebnisse. Darüber hinaus kann anhand des Modells auch das sukzessive Versagen der Bewehrungsgarne studiert werden. Das Modell wurde auf drei verschiedene Versuchstypen angewendet: den Filamentauszugversuch, den Garnauszugversuch und Dehnkörperversuche. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zu den Filamentauszugversuchen zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Resultaten. Zudem wurden Parameterstudien durchgeführt, um Einflüsse aus Geometrieeigenschaften wie der eingebetteten und freien Filamentlänge sowie Materialeigenschaften wie dem Verbund zwischen Matrix und Filament zu untersuchen. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zum Garnauszugversuch demonstrierten die Anwendbarkeit des Modells auf diesen Versuchstyp. Es wurde gezeigt, dass für eine realitätsnahe Abbildung des Versagensverhaltens der Bewehrungsgarne eine relativ feine Auflösung der Bewehrung notwendig ist. Die Berechnungen lieferten die Verteilung von Versagenspositionen in der Bewehrung und die Entwicklung der Degradation der Garne im Belastungsverlauf. Ein Hauptziel der Arbeit war die Untersuchung von Effekten im Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton, die bisher nicht durch experimentelle Untersuchungen erklärt werden konnten. Daher wurde eine Vielzahl von Parameterstudien zu Dehnkörpern mit mehrfacher Matrixrissbildung, welche das Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton ähnlich praktischen Anwendungen abbilden, durchgeführt. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zeigten, dass der experimentell beobachtete dreigeteilte Verlauf der Spannungs-Dehnungs-Beziehung von Textilbeton bestehend aus dem ungerissenen Zustand, dem Zustand der Matrixrissbildung und dem Zustand der abgeschlossenen Rissbildung vom Modell wiedergegeben wird. Die beste Übereinstimmung zwischen berechneten und experimentellen Ergebnissen ergab sich unter Einbeziehung von Streuungen in den Materialeigenschaften der Matrix, der Zugentfestigung der Matrix und der Welligkeit der Bewehrung.

碩士
輔仁大學
織品服裝學系碩士班
103
This thesis is planned to spinning two kind of Covered Yarn, one is double core yarn (Spandex 40D+T400) what has been called Duo Core Yarn(D.C.Y.), another is single core yarn (Spandex 40D) what has been called Single Covered Yarn(S.C.Y.). First we put up above two kinds of yarn with the ring spinning cotton roving and will go through the draft rate 2.5 rollers in spandex and T400 fed directly form the core wire and cotton as the outer coating. The D.C.Y. and S.C.Y. have been finished then sent to weaving house to weave the greige. After then send them to dyeing mill to make the Prepare For Dyeing (P.F.D.) fabric. Finally, the P.F.D. fabric will be cut and sew then arranged into garment dyeing factory for fabric dyeing vat. The final test would be compared with the changes in physical properties of various stages of its component conditions and to investigate both them dyeing uniformity for grin. Based on the above experimental findings that the elongation and elastic recovery rate of　Duo Core Yarn is better than the Single Covered Yarn. Nevertheless S.C.Y., cotton content value is higher then D.C.Y. the lower ratio of its core is wire, and will be fewer grins. Through this experiment for spun woven fabrics, which to be used the radio of Duo Core Yarn to produce their high flexibility, high recovery fabric but it’s too high will be grin problem in finished fabric which will be concerned by us.

碩士
逢甲大學
紡織工程所
97
Enterprises focus on business goal achievement. Nowadays , facing the problem for raising price of oil all the environment of chemistry and petrochemistry industries are totally different from before. Under pressure of raising cost of raw material and production, the competition pressure the Taiwan chemistry industry facing has become more server. Polyester fiber is one of the most important products of Taiwan Petrochemistry industry. The research tries to utilize many time series methodologies to discuss the interactive relationship between the price of Taiwan polyester filament and crude oil from Jan,1992 to Dec, 2007 . Use the Johansen cointegration test to find there exists a long run stable equilibrium relationship between the price of Taiwan polyester filament and crude oil. And from the Granger causality test, unidirectional causality running from the price of polyester filament to crude oil is found. From the Impulse Response, crude oil price is more independent, polyester filament is most easily affected by other variables. So we can conclude that the polyester filament resulted from crude oil price is necessary to note.