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1
Lima, Nathália Ferreira. "Mansonella ozzardi: uma filaria negligenciada que pode modular a resposta imune." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-12032018-143909/.
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As infecções humanas com a filaria Mansonella ozzardi ocorrem em focos situados em regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América Central e do Sul e frequentemente coexistem com outras doenças endêmicas tropicais. Na Amazônia brasileira, as infecções são geralmente assintomáticas e a maior parte delas, consequentemente, deixam de ser diagnosticada. As filarioses crônicas, geralmente não tratadas, podem criar um ambiente imunorregulador, caracterizado pela expansão de linfócitos T produtores de IL-10, que mediam a supressão de respostas proliferativas de células T frente a antígenos específicos bem como a antígenos não-relacionados. Neste trabalho, utilizamos marcadores de ativação celular (CD69 e HLA-DR) e de atividade reguladora (CD39, CTLA-4, OX40, GITR, LAG3, PD-1, LAP-TGF-β e TNFRII) para caracterizar populações de células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMCs) em indivíduos infectados por M. ozzardi bem como em controles saudáveis de uma área endêmica deste parasito na Amazônia Brasileira. A análise de PBMCs, por citometria de fluxo multiparamétrica de 49 pacientes infectados por M. ozzardi, mostrou que pacientes e controles apresentam proporções similares de Treg clássicas circulantes, no entanto, indivíduos infectados apresentam um aumento da proporção de células CD4+ e células T reguladoras (Tregs) que expressam a molécula CD39. Células Treg CD39+ parecem definir uma população distinta entre as Treg, pois ao compararmos os marcadores de regulação e ativação entre Tregs CD39+ e CD39- encontramos proporções aumentas destes marcadores nas Treg CD39+. O bloqueio dessa molécula em condições de reestimulo celular aumenta a produção de citocinas inflamatórias e diminui a produção de IL-10 confirmando seu papel regulador.<br>Human infections with the filarial parasite Mansonella ozzardi are common in areas of tropical and subtropical Central and South America and often coexist with other endemic tropical diseases, such as malaria. In the Amazonian Basin of Brazil, infections are typically asymptomatic; most of them will remain undiagnosed. These chronic, untreated filarial infections are potentially associated with a regulatory immune environment, dominated by IL-10-producing T-cells, which mediate the suppression of T-cell proliferation in response to filarial and non-related antigens. Here, we used markers of cell activation (CD69 and HLA-DR) and regulatory activity (CD39, CTLA-4, OX40, GITR, and TNFRII) to characterize peripheral-blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) subpopulations in individuals infected with |M. ozzardi and in healthy controls living in an area of M. ozzardi endemicity in the Brazilian Amazon. Multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of PBMCs from 49 malaria patients showed that patients and controls have similar proportions of classic circulating Tregs, however, the proportion of CD4 + cells and Tregs expressing the CD39 (an ectonucleotidase that regulates the balance of immune responses through Phosphohydrolysis of ATP, an inflammatory molecule in adenosine, an anti-inflammatory molecule), is increased in infected patients. CD39+Treg cells seem to define a distinct population among Tregs, compare activation and regulatory markers between CD39+ and CD39- Tregs - we found increased proportions of these markers in the CD39+ Tregs. Blocking this molecule under cellular restimulation conditions increases production of inflammatory cytokines and decreases IL-10 production, improving its regulatory role.
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Fercoq, Frédéric. "Interactions filaire/poumon dans le modèle murin de filariose Litosomoides sigmodontis." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0018/document.
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Les filaires sont des nématodes parasites transmis à des vertébrés par des arthropodes hématophages. Les espèces filariennes qui s'installent dans les cavités cœlomiques, les vaisseaux lymphatiques ou des tissus conjonctifs ont leurs stades infestants (ou L3) qui migrent via le système lymphatique après leur inoculation dans la peau. En utilisant le modèle murin avec la filaire Litomosoides sigmodontis dont les adultes résident dans la cavité pleurale, deux phases d'interaction des filaires avec les poumons des souris BALB/c sont décrites 1) lors de la migration des L3 de la peau à la cavité pleurale ; 2) pendant la phase patente de l’infection quand les adultes pondent des microfilaires dans la cavité pleurale. Dans la 1ère phase les L3 rejoignent le système sanguin pulmonaire puis traversent les poumons pour entrer dans la cavité pleurale. Ce passage induit une pathologie aigue transitoire: tout d'abord des hémorragies consécutives à la rupture des capillaires pulmonaires, accompagnées d'une augmentation du nombre de neutrophiles pulmonaires et de la libération transitoire d'IL-1β et des alarmines IL-33 et S100A9 dans la cavité pleurale. Le S100A9 semble faciliter la survie des filaires, soit par un effet anti-inflammatoire soit en facilitant la migration des L3. Les neutrophiles peuvent libérer des NETS en réponse aux L3. Dans les jours suivant l'infection, une réponse régulatrice se met en place dans les poumons, avec le recrutement de macrophages et d'éosinophiles, la production d'IL-4, de CCL2 et d'IL9, ainsi que la baisse d'expression de molécules inflammatoires. La formation des granulomes est également observée dans le tissu pulmonaire. Le passage des L3 induit aussi une inflammation des vaisseaux sanguins pulmonaires chez les souris C57BL/6 seulement. Lors de la phase patente de l'infection, 40% des souris ne développent pas de microfilarémie sanguine. La comparaison des réponses des souris microfilarienne et amicrofilarienne montre une exacerbation de l'inflammation pleurale induite par les microfilaires. De plus, les souris microfilarémiques développent une pathologie pulmonaire dépendant des microfilaires consistant en la fibrose de la plèvre viscérale, une accumulation périvasculaire de macrophages et une inflammation bronchoalvéolaire (production de mucus et éosinophilie). Le contrôle des filaires (adultes et microfilaires), mais aussi la mise en place de la pathologie sont dépendantes de l'IL-5 et de l'IL-4R<br>Filariae are parasitic nematodes transmited to vertebrates by haematophagous arthropods. The filarial species that settle in the coelomic cavities, the lymphatic vessels or the connective tissues have their infectious stages (or L3) which migrate via the lymphatic system after their inoculation into the skin. Using the murine model with the filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis, whose adults reside in the pleural cavity, two phases of interaction between filariae and the lung of BALB/c mice are described 1) during the L3 migration from the skin to the pleural cavity ; 2) during the patent phase of infection, when adults realease microfilariae in the pleural cavity. During the 1st phase L3 join the pulmonary blood system and then cross through the lungs to enter the pleural cavity. This passage induces a transient acute pathology: first haemorrhages following the rupture of the pulmonary capillaries, together with an increase in the number of pulmonary neutrophils and the transient release of IL-1β and the alarmins IL-33 and S100A9 in the pleural cavity. S100A9 appears to facilitate the survival of the filariae either by an anti-inflammatory effect or by facilitating the migration of L3. Neutrophils can release NETs in response to L3. Within days following the infection, a regulatory response takes place in the lungs, with recruitment of macrophages and eosinophils, production of IL-4, CCL2 and IL-9, and downregulation of inflammatory molecules. The formation of granulomas is also observed in pulmonary tissue. The passage of L3 also induces an inflammation of pulmonary blood vessels, in C57BL/6 mice only. During the patent phase of the infection, 40% of the mice do not develop blood microfilaraemia. Comparison of responses of microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic mice shows an exacerbation of pleural inflammation induced by microfilariae. In addition, microfilaremic mice develop microfilaria-dependent pulmonary pathology consisting on fibrosis of the visceral pleura, perivascular accumulation of macrophages and bronchoalveolar inflammation (mucus production and eosinophilia). The control of the filariae (adults and microfilariae), but also the establishment of the pathology are dependent on IL-5 and IL-4R
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Enriconi, Adriana, and 98179-6468. "Determinação da prevalência de Mansonella ozzardi (manson, 1897) (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) em três cidades do Alto Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2004. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5727.
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Previous issue date: 2007-09-27<br>CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Of the total population of 32.632 inhabitants, above of 18 years, 856 individuals had been evaluated, correspondents to 2.6%, volunteers, not aboriginal messengers and in order to trace the profile epidemiologist in the region. A transversal study was carried through, description and prospective to evaluate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi in the cities of SA° Gabriel da Cachoeira, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro and Barcelos, located in the region of the high Negro River, state of Amazon. In samples collected for the method of the thick drop in blade, 22 positive cases in the city had been identified of Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, correspondents 2.6% of the examined sample, being 68.2% of masculine sex and 31.8% of the feminine sex. The lesser prevalence (1,39%) was found in the 38-47 band years, while that the greater (42,86%) was found in the age band of 58-67years. In the cities of Santa Isabel do Rio Negro and Barcelos the parasitism was not detected. Examinations in children and minors of 18 years had not been carried through. Agriculture was predominant the economic activity in the majority of the infected ones. In relation to the sintomatology of mansonelose, illness transmitted to the man through the bite of arthropods vectors for families Simuliidae and Ceratopogonidae, it was verified that the migraines, pains in the joints and the fatigue in the legs had been more frequent. The presence of visual injuries also was told by some people, what it confirms the studies on the pathology of this illness. The result of this research was informed to the respective Secretariats of Health of the evaluated cities, for the had treatment of the infected individuals.<br>Da população total de 32.632 habitantes, com idade acima de 18 anos, foram avaliados 856 indivíduos, correspondentes à 2,6%, voluntários, ribeirinhos e não indígenas a fim de traçar o perfil epidemiológico na região Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo e prospectivo para avaliar a prevalência de Mansonella ozzardi nos municípios de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro e Barcelos, localizados na região do alto Rio Negro, estado do Amazonas. Em amostras coletadas pelo método da gota espessa em lâmina, foram identificados 22 casos positivos no município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, correspondentes a 2,6% da amostra examinada, sendo 68,2% do sexo masculino e 31,8% do sexo feminino. A menor prevalência (1,39%) foi encontrada na faixa de 38-47 anos, enquanto que a maior (42,86%) foi encontrada na faixa etária de 58-67 anos. Nos municípios de Santa Isabel do Rio Negro e Barcelos não foi detectada a parasitemia. Não foram realizados exames em crianças e menores de 18 anos. A agricultura foi a atividade econômica predominante na maioria dos infectados. Em relação à sintomatologia da mansonelose, doença transmitida ao homem através da picada de artrópodes vetores das famílias Simuliidae e Ceratopogonidae, foi verificado que as dores de cabeça, dores nas articulações e o cansaço nas pernas foram os mais freqüentes. A presença de lesões visuais também foi relatada por algumas pessoas, o que pode indicar determinados estudos sobre a patologia desta doença. O resultado desta pesquisa foi informado às respectivas Secretarias de Saúde dos municípios avaliados, para o tratamento dos indivíduos infectados.
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Klemm, Claudia Ulrike [Verfasser]. "Identification of a putative Litomosoides sigmodontis phosphate permease, Ls-ppe-1, and its role in the interaction between filarial nematodes and their Wolbachia endosymbionts & Establishment of RNA interference in the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis, a model of human filariasis / Claudia Ulrike Klemm." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1005973725/34.
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Storey, N. "Immunity to filarial nematodes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356035.
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SANTOS, Ana Maria Aguiar dos. "Infecção filarial e alergia." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12966.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-31<br>A prevalência de infecções helmínticas parasitárias tem declinado em países
industrializados e, por outro lado, nas últimas duas a três décadas tem-se observado um
significativo aumento na prevalência de doenças auto-imunes e alérgicas nessas regiões. Essas
observações despertaram um crescente interesse no estudo da relação entre parasitoses e
alergia com base na hipótese de que os helmintos possam causar proteção no desenvolvimento
de doenças alérgicas. Contudo, a relação entre doenças parasitárias e alérgicas permanece
incerta. Assim sendo, esse trabalho se propôs a investigar, em crianças e adolescentes com
filariose bancroftiana residentes na Região Metropolitana do Recife-PE, Brasil, se o
comportamento de imunomodulação descrito em indivíduos com infecção filarial pode
modificar a resposta alérgica bem como o padrão de produção de citocinas frente à
estimulação com antígenos aeroalérgenos e mitógenos.
O trabalho foi dividido em três estudos. O primeiro, sob o título “Resposta Imune na
filariose bancroftiana e sua repercussão na resposta alérgica” consiste em uma revisão
bibliográfica acerca do comportamento da resposta imunológica na filariose linfática,
especialmente sobre a capacidade do parasito em modular o sistema imune do hospedeiro,
tornando-o tolerante por longo tempo. O trabalho concluiu que seja possível a associação
negativa entre a infecção filarial e a resposta aos aeroalérgenos e que esse comportamento
possa trazer repercussões futuras com o controle da transmissão obtido através do tratamento
em massa. O segundo foi intitulado “Avaliação epidemiológica de doenças negligenciadas em
crianças e adolescentes no nordeste do Brasil: filariose linfática e parasitoses intestinais”.
Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 159 infantes na faixa etária de 5 a 18 anos, alunos de
escolas públicas municipais, que avaliou a prevalência de infecção filarial e de parasitoses
intestinais em escolares numa área endêmica de filariose e refletiu sobre a opção terapêutica
utilizada no Brasil no tratamento coletivo para filariose. Ante a prevalência de 13,8% de
filariose e 64,2% de parasitoses intestinais, corrobora-se a recomendação da Organização
Mundial da Saúde de adição do albendazol ao tratamento da filaríase linfática. O terceiro, sob
o título “Resposta alérgica na infecção filarial bancroftiana em crianças e adolescentes”,
analisou a hipersensibilidade imediata na infecção filarial. Foram estudados 60 indivíduos,
entre crianças e adolescentes, alocadas nos seguintes grupos: I- com infecção filarial e sem
doença alérgica; II- sem infecção filarial e com doença alérgica e III- sem infecção filarial e
sem doença alérgica. Realizou-se a contagem de eosinófilos e IgE total, além de testes
cutâneos de hipersensibilidade imediata para antígenos padronizados de ácaros, fungos,
baratas e pelos de gato e cão, bem como dosagem séricas das citocinas IL-4 e IL-5. A
avaliação da resposta humoral e celular no grupo com filariose linfática foi semelhante aos
outros grupos do estudo. A baixa carga de microfilaremia e a semelhança da origem dos
indivíduos de todos os grupos, com provável exposição prévia a outras infecções parasitárias,
pode ter colaborado pela uniformidade de resposta imune entre os grupos. Identifica-se a
necessidade do estudo de outras citocinas (IL-10, IFN-γ e TGF-β) para a melhor compreensão
do fenômeno.
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Delves, C. J. "Developmental processes in filarial worms." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377098.
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Sereda, Michal Janusz. "Characterization of the molecular and immunological properties of Acanthocheilonema viteae tropomyosin." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15882.
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Diese Arbeit beschreibt die immunologischen Eigenschaften von Acanthochilonema viteae Tropomyosin, einem Muskel-assoziierten Protein. A. viteae ist ein zu den Filarien gehörender Parasit von Gerbilen, ähnlich dem humanpathogenen Filarie Onchocercha volvulus. Diese Arbeit hatte die funktionelle Charakterisierung von A. viteae Tropomyosin im Kontext der natürlichen Infektion und experimentellen Vakzinierung zum Ziel. Das allergene Potential des Tropomyosins und die Produktion von spezifischen IgE-Antikörpern wurden untersucht. Außerdem wurden Tropomyosin-spezifische monoklonale Antikörpern (mAk) entwicklet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Tropomyosin als vielversprechender Kandidat zur Vakzinentwicklung gegen Filariosen angesehen werden kann, wobei berücksichtigt werden muss, dass deutliche Effekte nur unter Th1-Bedingungen auftreten. Die Vakzinierung mit Protein oder DNA reduzierte Adultwurmzahlen um 30 bzw. 45%. Während einer Infektion fungiert Tropomyosin als funktionelles Allergen und führt zur Produktion von hohen Mengen spezifischen IgEs. Ein Screening synthetischer Peptid-Bibliotheken zeigte gemeinsame 13 IgG- und 11 IgE-Epitope. Weiters konnte Kreuzreaktivität mit anderen Tropomyosinen und diesen gemeinsamen IgE-Epitopen nachgewiesen werden. Mit Hilfe von mAk konnte gezeigt werden, dass Tropomyosin auf der Oberfläche der Kutikula der Larvenstadien L3 und microfilariae des Parasiten vorkommt. Durch die Deglykosylierung des nativen Proteins wurde deutlich, dass einige Epitope von posttranslationellen Modifikationen gebildet werden. Weitere Immunisierungen mit Tropomyosin führten zu einem ähnlichen Profil der Zellaktivierung und Antikörperproduktion wie der Adjuvant Aluminiumhydroxid. Jedoch führte die Behandlung zur IL-10 Produktion und zur Zunahme von Gr1+/ CD11b+ Zellpopulationen, welche natürliche Surpressors darstellen. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass A. viteae Tropomyosin immunmodulierende Eigenschaften aufweist und als Komponente eines zu entwickelnden Vakzins in Frage kommt.<br>This study describes the immunological properties of Acanthocheilonema viteae muscle-associated protein tropomyosin. A. viteae is a filarial parasite of jirds that resembles the important human parasite Onchocerca volvulus. Focus of experiments is on unraveling the functional properties of tropomyosin in the context of an infection and experimental vaccination. Additionally, allergenic potential of tropomyosin was investigated and the ability to induce high levels of specific IgE. A part of the study was also aimed at the development of anti-tropomyosin monoclonal antibodies (mAb). This study revealed that tropomyosin is a promising antigen for vaccines against filarial nematodes, however, effective only in a Th1 biased environment. Vaccination with protein or DNA resulted in 30% - 45% protection that was not associated with specific IgG or IgE. During infection tropomyosin is an allergen and leads to the production of high levels of specific IgE. Screening of synthetic peptide libraries showed 13 IgG and 11 IgE co-located epitopes and revealed cross-reactivity with other tropomyosins and sharing of IgE epitopes. mAb were raised against A. viteae tropomyosin and showed that tropomyosin is abundant on the cuticle of L3 and microfilariae of the parasite. Deglycosylation of the native protein showed that some epitopes were formed by the posttranslational modifications. Additionally, immunization shows that tropomyosin induces a similar pattern of cell activation and antibody production as aluminium hydroxide adjuvant, but leads to the induction of IL-10 and the increase of population of GR1+/CD11b+ cells. These cells are regarded as natural suppressors. Taken together, results show that A. viteae tropomyosin has immunomodulating properties and can be considered as a component of an efficient vaccine.
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Lima, Ana Wladia Silva de. "Reações adversas ao tratamento em massa com a Dietilcarbamazina em populações de areas endemicas de filariose linfática no Recife - PE." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2006. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/3918.
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Previous issue date: 2006<br>Uma das estratégias propostas pela OMS para a erradicação da filariose linfática tem sido o tratamento em massa anual com drogas antifilariais, de populações de áreas endêmicas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência de efeitos adversos após o uso da DEC em duas áreas alvo do tratamento em massa e descrever a distribuição, tipo e gravidade das reações adversas e manifestações secundárias, após a dose do medicamento. A pesquisa constou de um estudo de prevalência e de um estudo de série de casos. A dose de DEC administrada na Área I foi de ~ 6 mg/kg/dose para ambos os sexos, tendo por base o peso médio estimado para cada faixa etária. Na Área II, a dose foi semelhante, porém, ajustada de acordo com o sexo. Os dados para o estudo de prevalência foram coletados por meio de um questionário, enquanto para o estudo de série de casos as informações foram obtidas das fichas de notificação preenchidas por profissionais de saúde durante o atendimento. A prevalência de efeitos adversos e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento foram estimados e a associação entre as variáveis testadas pelo cálculo da Razão de Prevalência, da Diferença de Prevalência, Intervalo de Confiança de 95 por cento e valor de p. Entre as 438 pessoas entrevistadas, na Área I, obteve-se uma prevalência de 23,6 por cento(IC de 95 por cento:19,1-29,5). Na Área II, entre 365 entrevistados, a prevalência foi de 16,2 por cento(IC de 95 por cento: 11,9-21,5). A prevalência de reações adversas foi significativamente mais elevada nas mulheres do que nos homens, na Área I (RP=1,77; IC de 95 por cento: 1,23-2,53). Na Área II, embora a prevalência de efeitos tenha sido maior entre as mulheres, a diferença não foi estatisticamente significante (RP=1,43; IC de 95 por cento: 0,88-2,83). Houve um excesso de prevalência de efeitos adversos na Área I em relação à Área II (DP=7,6; IC de 95 por cento: 2,1-3,4, p=0,007). O cálculo das diferenças de prevalência estratificadas por sexo, na Área I em relação à Área II, constatou um excesso de prevalência no sexo feminino, de 11,1 por cento (IC de 95 por cento: 3,1-19,1; p=0,008). Pela vigilância passiva, foram registrados 58 atendimentos por reações adversas ao DEC, em 2003, e 33 em 2004, a maioria de mulheres (67,3 por cento, em 2003 e 57,6 por cento, em 2004). O maior percentual dos casos foi moderado ou leve. Embora a maior parte das reações adversas tenha sido leve ou moderada, a prevalência foi considerada elevada
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Berbudi, Afiat [Verfasser]. "Filarial infection and filarial antigen administration promotes glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice / Afiat Berbudi." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080561366/34.
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Karnam, Anupama. "Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the anti-inflammatory mechanism of therapeutic normal immunoglobulins Wuchereria bancrofti filaria activates human dendritic cells and polarizes T helper 1 and regulatory T cells via toll-like receptor 4 Regulatory T cells induce activation rather than suppression of human basophils". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS642.
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Les immunoglobulines polyclonales intraveineuses (IVIG) sont préparées à partir de plasmas provenant de plusieurs milliers de donneurs sains et utilisées comme traitement dans de nombreuses maladies inflammatoires et autoimmunes. Lors de ma thèse, j’ai investigué si cette thérapie pouvait interférer avec la détection sérique du virus Zika chez des patients atteints du syndrome de Guillain-Barré (GBS). J’ai démontré que la thérapie par IVIG n’interférait pas avec la détection sérique du virus dans le plasma des patients atteints de GBS suivant un traitement aux IVIG. Contrairement aux souris, les IVIG peuvent activer les basophiles humains par une voie différente que celle de l’IL-33. Les IVIG induisent la sécrétion d’Il-4, IL-6 et IL-8 par interaction directe avec les IgE à la surface des basophiles. Cette fonction est dépendante de la fraction F(ab’)2 et implique l’activation de Syk. Ces résultats montrent un nouveau mécanisme dans l’activation des basophiles humains par les IVIG. La dernière partie de ma thèse m’a permis d’étudier le rôle de la voie de signalisation β-caténine sur les effets anti-inflammatoires médiées pars les IVIG. La β-caténine, composante de la voie Wnt, joue un rôle important dans la tolérogénicité des cellules dendritiques (DC) et dans la protection contre l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale (EAE). Les données générées montrent que les IVIG activent la voie β-caténine chez les DC humains en plus de la production de Wnt 5a nécessitant une IgG complète ainsi que les co-récepteurs LRP5/6. En dépit de l’induction de β-caténine par les IVIG, cette voie est dispensable pour ses actions anti-inflammatoires in vitro et in vivo dans le modèle EAE<br>Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a therapeutic preparation of pooled normal IgG obtained from the several thousand healthy donors. It is established as first-line therapy for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In the first part of my thesis, I have investigated if IVIG therapy interferes with the serological detection of Zika virus infection in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) patients. By analyzing the plasma of GBS patients treated with IVIG for anti-Zika IgG, I have demonstrated that IVIG therapy in GBS patients does not interfere with the serological Zika detection. The second part addresses the immunoregulatory role of IVIG on human basophil function. Unlike in mice, IVIG does not require DC-SIGN-dependent IL-33 for the activation of human basophils. IVIG directly induces the activation of IL-3-primed human basophils and secretion of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 by directly interacting with the basophil surface-bound IgE. This function was F(ab’)2-dependent and involves Syk activation. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of human basophil activation by IVIG. The last part unravels the signaling pathways associated with IVIG-mediated anti-inflammatory effects specifically the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which imparts tolerogenic properties to dendritic cells (DCs) and protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). My data shows that IVIG activates β-catenin in human DC along with upregulation of Wnt 5a. Activation of β-catenin requires intact IgG and LRP5/6 co-receptors. However, despite the activation of β-catenin by IVIG, this pathway is dispensable for its anti-inflammatory actions both in vitro and in vivo in the EAE model
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Tran, Tiffany Doan. "Filarial infection in mosquitoes of Northern California." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/172.
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Filarial parasites are a type of nematode that requires arthropod vectors for transmission between hosts. Filarial parasites vary among species of vertebrate hosts and can cause varying symptoms in hosts, including death. The presence of filarial parasites can influence host populations and can be costly to infected areas. To evaluate the prevalence of filarial parasites in Lake County, CA, mosquitoes were collected in 2014 and analyzed for infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 1,008 mosquito pools, six filarial parasite species were detected in 23 pools representing six mosquito species. The DNA of Dirofilaria immitis (n=6, MIR=0.26); Setaria yehi (n=9, MIR=1.44); Splendidofilaria sp. (n=4, MIR=0.20); unknown filarial parasites A (n=2, MIR=0.09), B (n=1, MIR=0.41), and C (n=1, MIR=0.05) were detected in Aedes increpitus, Aedes sierrensis, Anopheles franciscanus, Anopheles freeborni, Culex stigmatosoma, and Culex tarsalis mosquito pools. Due to the presence of D. immitis, which can lead to chronic illness and death in domestic dogs, in Lake County it is important to evaluate vector competency of D. immitis in mosquito species. Culex tarsalis was chosen due to the high abundance found in Lake County in 2014 (n=36,587). To evaluate vector competency of Cx. tarsalis in transmission of D. immitis, colony and field-caught Lake County (n=102, n=54 respectively) mosquitoes were analyzed for infectivity using decapitation. Fourteen days post feeding on infected blood, mosquitoes were decapitated to evaluate the presence of L 3 larvae; but no L 3 larvae were detected. The presence of D. immitis DNA was detected in eight colony (IR=7.8%) and fifteen field-caught (IR=23.1%) thoraces using PCR. Though no L 3 larvae were observed in decapitated mosquitoes, presence of D. immitis DNA in the thoraces of mosquitoes using PCR has previously been used as an indicator for vector competency. Thus it is probable that Cx. tarsalis is a competent vector for D. immitis.
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Bisbal, Karen, Sissiliana Huamán, Mariana Loayza, Melissa Mariluz, Lucía Ronceros, and Kenia Vergara. "Elefantiasis." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/272509.
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Beg, Mohammed Asim. "Host-parasite relationships in vitamin B6 deficient cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) infected with Litomosoides carinii (Nematoda, filarioidea)." Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386552.
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Ford, Louise. "Wolbachia mediators of inflammation and their role in the immune response to filariasis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273984.
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Drabner, Birgit. "Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von immundominanten Bereichen der L3-Chitinase von Onchocerca volvulus." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=959660488.
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Nirmalan, Niroshini Jacintha. "A comparative analysis of novel filarial retinol binding proteins." Thesis, University of Salford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314007.
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Pereira, Jennifer Sabrina Ferreira da Silva. "Efeito do tratamento em massa com dietilcarbamazina na microfilaremia, antigenemia e anticorpos antifilariais em uma área endêmica do município de Olinda - PE." Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, 2014. http://beta.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14531.
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Previous issue date: 2014<br>Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil<br>Este trabalho analisou o efeito do tratamento em massa com doses únicas anuais de Dietilcarbamazina (DEC), no período de 2007 a 2012, em indivíduos infectados por Wuchereria bancrofti, residentes em Olinda - PE. Para essa análise foram utilizadas as técnicas de filtração em membrana, na detecção da microfilaremia, o teste do cartão ICT e o Og4C3-ELISA, na detecção do antígeno circulante filarial, e o teste BM14 na avaliação dos níveis de anticorpos antifilariais. Os resultados obtidos indicam redução nas características avaliadas: após a quarta dose de DEC, a microfilaremia reduziu 100 por cento e a antigenemia pelo cartão ICT atingiu 78,1 por cento de redução após a quinta dose. A mediana do Og4C3 caiu significativamente de 7117 ua, para 1715 ua após a terceira dose, último ano que o teste foi realizado. Observou-se curva de redução também nos níveis de Bm14, com mediana da densidade ótica caindo de 2,1 para 0,1 após a quinta dose. A diminuição nas taxas das características estudadas indica que o tempo preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde para a eliminação da transmissão da FL na área é suficiente para a negativação das microfilárias. Os resultados desse estudo mostram a elevada eficácia do esquema terapêutico utilizado no clareamento da microfilaremia e tratamento dos infectados, e sugerem que a utilização desse esquema na população possivelmente tenha levado a interrupção da transmissão na área. Sugere-se que haja um acompanhamento maior que cinco anos da população submetida ao tratamento para uma melhor avaliação dos níveis de anticorpos e de antigenemia filarial circulante
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Bungo, Francisco. "Estudo da prevalência da filariose bancroftiana e loana na Vila do Buco-Zau, Norte de Angola." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2002. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5172.
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Previous issue date: 2002<br>A filariose linfática continua sendo um grande problema de saúde pública em Africa e é uma das seis doenças declaradas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como potencial a sua erradicação global. É endêmica em 80 países, distribuídos geoicamente nas áreas tropicais e subtropicais, entre a latitude 40° Norte e 30° Sul, afetando mais de 120 milhões de pessoas no mundo. A incapacidade física associada a graves manifestações clínicas enfatiza a significância a conseqüências socioeconômicas. Com objetivo de estimar a prevalência de microfilaremia e doença filarial bancroftiana e loana, foi realizado no primeiro trimestre de 2001, um estudo seccional clínico-laboratorial na vila do Buco-Zau, Província de Cabinda, norte de Angola. Foi selecionado aleatoriamente três dos cinco bairros que compõem à vila, e 2169 indivíduos foram elegíveis para o estudo. No total foram estudados 300 indivíduos de ambos os sexos maiores de 4 anos de idade morando há mais de um ano no Município de Buco-Zau. Cada indivíduo da amostra foi submetido a um questionário individal e domiciliário e a exames de sangue. A coleta sangüínea para pesquisa de microfilárias W. bancrofti foi feita no período das 22 e 1 hora e para microfilárias l. loa no horário entre 11 e 13 horas. Os indivíduos com amostras com resultado negativo no primeiro exame foram novamente testados. Para a doença filarial observou-se uma prevalência de 46,33 por cento enquanto que a microfilaremia da filariose bancroftiana foi de 21,33 por cento e, 22, 6 por cento na filariose loana. Entre os homens, o hidrocele foi a manifestação clinica mais prevalente (10,33 por cento) na filariose bancroftiana, e nas mulheres, o linfedema (2,78 por cento). Na filariose loana, o edema de Calabar e a presença de macrofilária na conjuntiva ocular apresentaram prevalências de 4.33 por cento e 2.33 por cento, respectivamente. Houve 8,33 por cento de indivíduos, com idade variando de 15 a 49 anos, que simultaneamente apresentaram microfilaremia positiva para ambas filariose. Os resultados observados indicam que a filariose bancroftiana e loana são de alta endemicidade na área de estudo, e, portanto, representa um grande problema de saúde pública que requer intervenção urgente das autoridades locais para a sua prevenção e controle.
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Lamb, Tracey Jane. "Immunological factors mediating the resistance and susceptibility to filarial nematodes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11028.
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None of the nematodes that cause human falarial disease readily establish and develop in laboratory mice. However the rodent filarial nematode <i>Litomosoides sigmodontis</i> can complete development to patency in BALB/c inbred mice. The studies in this thesis have utilised this rodent model to study factors that influence the establishment of filarial infection. Filarial nematodes evoke strong type 2 host immense responses characterised by the cytokine interleukin 4 (IL4). By infecting mice that are unable to produce IL4 we have discovered that IL4 can mediate resistance to the establishment of <i>L. sigmodontis</i> infection. Infections of chimeric mice that can only produce IL4 from the innate or the acquired immune response indicate that IL4 needs to be produced from both arms of the immune system to confer protection. We have also studied the impact of co-infecting protozoan pathogens that induce strong type 1 responses. Co-infection with the protozoan parasites <i>Plasmodium chabaudi</i> or <i>Leishmania major </i>resulted in the accelerated death of established adult <i>L. sigmodontis</i>. Immunological analysis indicates that this was correlated with a decrease in type 2- like responses against <i>L. sigmodontis</i> parasites in both cases. However we did not detect any increase in type 1-like responses against <i>L. sigmodontis</i> in either of these studies. Finally we investigated the role of the filarial intracellular bacteria <i>Wolbachia. </i>We established that anti-<i>Wolbachia</i> immune responses do occur in human filarial infection, in individuals not treated with anti-filarial drugs. Using general linear modelling we determined that anti-<i>Wolbachia</i> surface protein (WSP) antibodies are generated mainly by the L3 stage. In support of this, analysis of life cycle stages of <i>L. sigmodontis</i> indicate that, per gram of nematode material, the L3 stage evokes by far the greatest antibody responses against WSP. Additionally we have shown that anti-WSP immune responses can, in some circumstances, promote the establishment of primary <i>L. sigmodontis</i> infection.
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Guiliano, David Bernardo. "Analysis of the genome of the filarial nematode Brugia malayi." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16995.
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The thesis is about developing the ‘genomes’ approach to the study of the evolution of nematode genes and genomes. CDNA clones were sequences on a large scale to produce EST datasets from a human lymphatic and cutaneous filarial worm. These were also productively compared with EST and whole genome sequencing efforts in other nematodes, notably <i>C. elegans. </i>Many new nematode gene families were identified for further analysis and interestingly, the two filarial datasets do not show similar patterns of gene family expression in any stage of the life cycle except the infective L3 larvae. The biology of host parasite interaction was reviewed fairly succinctly (some spelling and grammatical errors were overlooked in this otherwise satisfactory Introduction). The methodology and computing strategies used to generate and handle the EST sequence analysis was described and the novel methods developed detailed. This is of course the essential foundation of the genomic approach and is worthy of publication, perhaps via web-based distribution or journal. A specific aspect of host-parasite interaction biology is addressed in the candidates studies of the observations that filarial parasites encode a homologue of the vertebrate cytokine known as the Macrophage Inhibitory Factor. Two MIF genes were found in both <i>B. malayi </i>and <i>O. volvulus. </i>However, the non-parasitic nematode <i>C. elegans </i>also has 4 MIF genes, as do plant parasitic nematodes. This thesis also discovered that MIF genes seem to exist in several parasitic protozoa. The potential, but not proven role of MIFs as parasite immuno-regulators of the host immune response was therefore extensively discussed. To examine the “mode and tempo” of genome evolution studies of the relative order of genes in the two species was analysed and extensively discussed. A similar exercise was carried out on analysing operonic structures in <i>C. elegans, B. malayi, S. ratti</i> and <i>P. pacificus. </i>How common operons actually are was not resolved.
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Younis, Fikri N. "Host-parasite relations in jirds infected with Litomosoides carinii including effects of gamma irradiation and magnetic fields." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258231.
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Barker, Guy Cameron. "The effects of ecdysteroids on reproduction and development in the filarial nematodes Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257120.
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Gomes, Ayla Maritcha Alves Silva. "Distribuição da infecção filarial entre famílias residentes no distrito de Cavaleiro, Jaboatão dos Guararapes- PE." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2006. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/3946.
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Previous issue date: 2006<br>Embora alguns estudos realizados com a finalidade de identificar fatores condicionantes da infecção ou da doença filarial tenham reconhecido a importância da agregação familiar na dinâmica de transmissão dessa infecção, poucos trabalhos apresentaram como objetivo discutir a investigação familiar ou domiciliar utilizando a detecção da microfilária como um indicador da infecção e relacionando-se aos fatores sócio-econômicos e ambientais do domicílio. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a distribuição em domicílios, com e sem infecção filarial, identificando se existem diferenças relacionadas a fatores sócio-econômicos e ambientais nos residentes de Cavaleiro, Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE. Para tal selecionou-se o desenho de estudo seccional, descritivo, considerando o domicílio como a unidade de estudo. Foram utilizados dados secundários. 1.511 domicílios foram selecionados. A análise foi realizada de acordo com as variáveis selecionadas e verificou-se que havia 164 domicílios positivos indicando uma prevalência de 10,85 (por cento). Observou-se que a média de residentes nos domicílios negativos foi de 3,81 enquanto que nos domicílios positivos foi de 5,28. Quanto aos fatores sócioeconômicos, foi constatado a importância da renda e da média do número de moradores residentes. Já quanto aos fatores sócio-ambientais, verificou-se o que há resquícios de que as condições precárias de esgotamento sanitário podem ser condicionantes da infecção filarial. Sendo assim, pode-se considerar que a infecção filarial está intimamente relacionada com as condições de vida da população.
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Schwab, Anne Elisabeth. "The genetics of potential albendazole and ivermectin resistance in lymphatic filariae /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103006.
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A current initiative to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF), headed by the World Health Organization, aims to interrupt transmission of the disease through yearly community-wide treatment with the broad spectrum anthelmintic albendazole (ABZ), in combination with ivermectin (IVM) or diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Over the years, the use of both ABZ and IVM in the treatment of veterinary parasites has led to widespread anthelmintic resistance against these drugs. In this study, we genotyped microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti, a causative agent of LF, in order to detect the presence of mutations which confer ABZ resistance in other parasites, and we identified such mutations in worms obtained from untreated patients in Ghana and Burkina Faso, West Africa. Microfilaria from patients who had been treated with ABZ + IVM, had a significantly higher frequency of the resistant genotype, and this frequency was even higher in worms from patients that had received two rounds of treatment. In addition, the untreated population of microfilaria had an excess of homozygotes in the population. This excess homozygosity was equivalent to a Wright's Inbreeding Statistic of FIT= 0.44, and we found that the population was significantly subdivided between patients. In order to better understand the mechanisms and factors involved in the potential spread of ABZ resistance, caused by such mutations, through a population of Culex-transmitted W. bancrofti, we developed a deterministic model that incorporates genotype structure into the epidemiological model EPIFIL. This model predicts that the combination of ABZ + DEC leads to stronger selection for the resistant genotype than ABZ + IVM, and that drug efficacy assumptions are an important factor affecting the spread of drug resistance. Treatment coverage, non-random mating, initial allele frequency and number of treatments also had substantial impact on the speed and magnitude of the spread of ABZ resistance. When we expanded this model to include potential IVM-resistance alleles we found that, under ABZ + IVM treatment, selection for resistance to either drug is enhanced by the presence of resistance against the second drug. Similarly, excess homozygosity caused by parasite non-random mating may increase selection for a dominant IVM resistance allele through enhancing the spread of a recessive ABZ resistance allele. Resistence developed more slowly when it was inherited as a polygenic trait. Results from this study suggest that resistance monitoring is crucial, as resistance may not be apparent until treatment is stopped, recrudescence occurs and treatment is reapplied.
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Kwarteng, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Transcriptomics and Immune Profiles of Asymptomatic Filarial-Infected Individuals / Alexander Kwarteng." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080561242/34.
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Reed, James Edward. "Characterisation of secretion in the infective stage larvae of filarial nematodes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343693.
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Warbrick, Eleanor Victoria. "Neurochemicals and their potential roles in the development of filarial nematodes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333686.
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Dutton, Thomas James. "Filarial susceptibility and effects of Wolbachia in the Aedes scutellaris complex." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404508.
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Stepek, Gillian. "Expression of the phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein, ES-62, in filarial nematodes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273913.
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Filz, Anna Katharina [Verfasser]. "Concepts of Immune Regulation in Chronic Filarial Infections / Anna Katharina Filz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235524639/34.
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Ntesang, Kebonyemodisa. "Gastrointestinal and filarial helminth infections of domestic dogs in Gaborone Botswana." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60274.
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There is a general lack on Information regarding gastrointestinal and filarial helminth infections of dogs in Botswana. Based on a first survey, the dissertation focuses on the occurrence and prevalence of gastrointestinal and filarial helminth infections of domestic dogs in the metropolitan area of the capital Gaborone. Faecal and blood samples were obtained from 150 live dogs aged 1-19 years (56 females and 84 males). Ten different dog breeds featured in the survey, with the indigenous Tswana as the most dominant breed (74.67 %) followed by the crossbreeds (14.67 %).
The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections was 64 % (96/150) based on direct faecal flotation. The spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites detected included Ancylostoma spp. (64 %), Dipylidium caninum (4.66 %), Toxocara canis (1.33 %) and the coccidian Isospora spp (4 %). Dogs hosting a single gastrointestinal helminth species were more common (54.6 %) then those hosting 2 (6.67 %) or 3 species (0.67 %). Ancylostoma spp., T. canis and D. caninum have zoonotic implications. The overall prevalence of filarial helminth infections was 18 % (27/150) based on demonstration of microfilariae in blood by membrane filtration. Based on acid phosphatase staining, microfilariae of 3 filarial helminths were identified, namely Dirofilaria repens (14.67 %) followed by Acanthocheilonema reconditum (2.67 %) and Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides (0.67 %). Dirofilaria repens has zoonotic implications.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Veterinary Tropical Diseases<br>MSc<br>Unrestricted
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Quintana, Alcala Juan Fernando. "Characterisation and diagnostic potential of extracellular small RNAs in filarial nematodes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28935.
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Filarial infections (lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis) are amongst the major neglected tropical diseases, and together account for more than 120 million infections in tropical and subtropical regions. The gold-standard technique for the diagnosis of filariases relies on the detection of microfilariae (mf) either in blood smears (lymphatic filariasis) or in skin biopsies (onchocerciasis). The secretion of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) by parasitic nematodes has opened new avenues for the development of novel biomarkers for helminthiases, including filariasis. However, rather little is known about the origin and regulation of these RNAs inside the nematodes. One outstanding question is whether the secretion of small RNAs is distinct across the developmental stages of parasitic nematodes. Similarly, it is not clear whether the secretion of miRNAs is affected by treatment with anthelminthic chemotherapy or their potential as biomarkers for infection. Litomosoides sigmodontis is a murine filarial nematode closely related to filarial nematodes of medical and veterinary importance, including Onchocerca spp. and Brugia spp. L. sigmodontis has been extensively used to decipher multiple aspects of filarial biology, including parasite development, vaccine, and host-pathogen interactions. Therefore, we decided to use this model to address fundamental questions regarding the secretion of small RNAs and their biomarker potential. Our in vitro studies demonstrate that some extracellular miRNAs are enriched in a sexand stage-specific manner in the Excretion/Secretion (ES) products from early larval and adult stages from the rodent filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis. Moreover, our data demonstrates that the gravid adult female worms secrete a plethora of miRNAs enriched in the secretome of this developmental stage when compared to adult males or mf. Further characterization studies show that the miRNAs are likely to be secreted in association with extracellular vesicles (EVs), as previously reported for other parasitic nematodes, including the human pathogen Brugia malayi. Interestingly, Ivermectin, which is typically used to treat filarial infections, does not have consistent effects on the secretion of miRNAs by gravid adult female worms in vitro, requiring further in vivo experiments to determine the effect of IVM on detection of extracellular parasite-derived miRNAs. In vivo experiments, using murine models of infection with L. sigmodontis (gerbils and BALB/c mice), as well as human samples from patients infected with Onchocerca volvulus and cattle infected with Onchocerca ochengi, demonstrated the presence of filarial-derived miRNAs, including female-specific miRNA markers, in biofluids from infected hosts. Further statistical analysis showed that two parasite-derived miRNAs, miR-71 and miR-100d, can significantly discriminate infected animals from naïve controls with high sensitivity/specificity (> 80%/100%). The results presented in this PhD thesis provide an initial framework to understand the secretion of small RNAs throughout nematode development, the potential interactions between anthelminthic chemotherapy and small RNA trafficking and secretion, as well as the use of parasite-derived miRNAs for the development of a new generation of biomarkers for filarial infections.
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Schwan, Ernst Volker. "Filariosis of domestic carnivores in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces, South Africa, and Maputo province, Mozambique." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30061.
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Based on two surveys, the thesis focuses on the prevalence of filarial parasites of domestic carnivores in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa and Maputo province of Mozambique. This is complemented by diagnostic results of routine examinations for filarial infections of dogs and cats from South Africa obtained between 1994 and 2008. Blood samples were collected and initially screened by membrane filtration for microfilariae. Other techniques employed were acid phosphatase staining for the identification of microfilariae and a commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for the detection of heartworm antigen. Combined with a critical literature review on filariosis of domestic carnivores in Africa, which is updated by diagnostic results obtained from animals in Africa between 1992 and 2008, the topic is addressed for the first time ever from a continental perspective. In the South African provinces and Maputo province of Mozambique 196 of 1 379 dogs (14.21 %) were found positive for microfilariae. The species identified were Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema reconditum and Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides. The endemic status of D. immitis was confirmed in 2 out of 313 dogs from Maputo province but not in the South African provinces. Infection with D. repens was found in 70 dogs (5.08 %). The highest prevalence rate was recorded in KwaZulu-Natal with 12.47 % (52/417), followed by Maputo Province with 3.83 % (12/313) and Mpumalanga with 1.5 % (5/333). Routine examinations have also confirmed autochthonous infections with D. repens in Gauteng and North West provinces. Acanthocheilonema reconditum was the species with the highest overall prevalence of 8.85 % (122/1 379). The highest prevalence rate was recorded in Mpumalanga with 29.13 % (97/333) followed by Maputo province with 6.39 % (20/313) and KwaZulu-Natal with 1.2 % (5/417). Routine examinations have also confirmed autochthonous infections in Gauteng, North West and Western Cape provinces. Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides was the species with the lowest overall prevalence of 0.07 % (1/1 379) and was only recorded in 1 dog from Maputo Province. In KwaZulu-Natal 9 of 82 cats (10.98 %) were found positive for microfilariae, with D. repens as the only species involved.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.<br>Veterinary Tropical Diseases<br>unrestricted
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Basanez, Maria Gloria. "Density-dependent processes in the transmission of human onchoceriasis with particular reference to the 'Onchocerca-Simulium' interaction." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244160.
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Emes, Richard David. "Gene expression in the microfilariae of Brugia pahangi." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323368.
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Schönemeyer, Annett. "Charakterisierung der immunmodulierenden Wirkung eines Cysteinproteasen-Inhibitors der humanpathogenen Filarie Onchocerca volvulus." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961845554.
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Sassi, Anthony. "Identification of excreted-secreted antigens of filarial nematodes to develop diagnostic methods." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123295.
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The identification of excreted-secreted (ES) proteins of filarial nematodes as potential diagnostic reagents is an important requirement for the development of methods to determine level of infection in the host, especially for human filariae. Dirofilaria immitis, the canine heartworm, is a widespread and important veterinary pathogen and is a useful model for filarial parasites of humans. An analysis of proteins released from adult D. immitis (the secretome) in culture is available. We sought to identify D. immitis ES proteins found in vivo to validate the in vitro secretome and to investigate them as potential diagnostic reagents. Cultures of D. immitis adults obtained from infected dogs were maintained for 72 hr with daily changes of media. Proteins were concentrated from spent media by standard methods and were passed through Protein-A columns containing purified IgG antibodies from heartworm-infected dogs. Following extensive washing, heartworm proteins recognized by the antibodies were eluted from these columns and submitted for analysis by tandem mass-spectrometry (MS/MS). As a comparison, somatic proteins from adult D. immitis female parasites and microfilariae were also processed and analyzed by the same protocol. Six, nine and twelve proteins were identified by MS/MS in the ES, adult female, and microfilariae samples, respectively. The identification of the most abundantly secreted parasite proteins present in the serum of infected hosts offers a rational approach to the development of new diagnostic assays that may be applicable across the Filarioidea.<br>L'identification des protéines excrétées-sécrétées (ES) des nématodes filaires comme de potentiels réactifs à des fins diagnostiques est un prérequis important pour le développement de méthodes visant à déterminer le niveau d'infection chez l'hôte, particulièrement dans le cas de filaires humains. Dirofilaria immitis, le ver du cœur canin, est un important pathogène vétérinaire répandu et est un modèle utile pour étudier les filaires parasitaires chez les humains. Une analyse des protéines sécrétées par des D. immitis adultes (le sécrétome) en culture in vitro est disponible. Nous cherchions à identifier des protéines ES de D. imitis présentes in vivo pour valider le sécrétome in vitro et pour les considérer comme de potentiels réactifs à des fins diagnostiques. Des cultures de D. immitis adultes obtenues de chiens infectés furent maintenues pendant 72 heures en changeant le milieu de culture quotidiennement. Les protéines contenues dans le milieu usé furent concentrées par des méthodes conventionnelles et furent passées à travers des colonnes Protein-A contenant des anticorps IgG purifiés de chiens infectés avec des vers du cœur. Suivant un rinçage rigoureux, les protéines des vers reconnues par les anticorps furent éluées et soumises à une analyse par spectrométrie de masse en tandem (MS/MS). À titre comparatif, les protéines somatiques de parasites D. immitis adultes femelles et microfilaires furent soumises au même processus et analysées suivant un protocole identique. Six, neuf et douze protéines furent identifiées par MS/MS dans les échantillons d'ES, des adultes femelles et des microfilaires, respectivement. L'identification des protéines du parasite les plus abondamment sécrétées présentes dans le sérum des hôtes infectés représente une approche rationnelle au développement de nouveaux tests diagnostiques qui pourront être applicable aux Filarioidea en général.
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Schönemeyer, Annett. "Charakterisierung der immunmodulierenden Wirkung eines Cysteinproteasen-Inhibitors der humanpathogenen Filarie Onchocerca volvulus." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14594.
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Filarien persistieren bis zu 15 Jahren in ihren Wirten. Als eine Ursache dieser Persistenz diskutiert man die Fähigkeit der Filarien, die Immunantwort des Wirtes gezielt zu modulieren und eine zelluläre Hyporeaktivität zu induzieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob ein sezernierter Cysteinproteasen-Inhibitor (Onchocystatin) der humanpathogenen Filarie Onchocerca volvulus immunmodulierende Eigenschaften besitzt und an der Herausbildung eines hyporeaktiven Immunstatus des Wirtes beteiligt ist. Für die Untersuchungen wurde Onchocystatin als full length Molekül (rOv17) und als verkürztes Molekül (trOv17) rekombinant hergestellt. Das verkürzte trOv17 besitzt aufgrund des Fehlens des N-terminalen Bereiches eine verminderte proteaseinhibitorische Aktivität. Die in vitro Studien mit den rekombinant hergestellten O. volvulus Cystatinen verdeutlichen, daß rOv17 und auch trOv17 potente Immunmodulatoren sind, die sowohl die antigenspezifische als auch die polyklonal-stimulierte Proliferation von humanen PBMC inhibieren. Die zelluläre Hyporeaktivität ist dabei auf die Modulation von Monozytenfunktionen zurückzuführen. rOv17 und trOv17 modulieren die Antigenpräsentation, die Zytokinproduktion und die Expression kostimulatorischer Signale von humanen Monozyten. So konnte gezeigt werden, daß rOv17 und trOv17 die Aktivität von humanem Cathepsin L und S inhibieren und die Expression von HLA-DR, CD40 und CD86 vermindern. Die Modulation der Zytokinproduktion durch rOv17 und trOv17 ist durch eine verstärkte TNF-alpha und IL-10 Produktion und durch eine verminderte IL-12 Produktion charakterisiert. Desweiteren konnte in Neutralisationsstudien mit anti-IL-10 Ak gezeigt werden, daß die verminderte Expression von HLA-DR, CD40 und CD86 Folge der durch rOv17 und trOv17 induzierten verstärkten IL-10 Produktion ist. Im Gegensatz dazu bleibt die verminderte IL-12 Produktion und die verminderte polyklonal-stimulierte Proliferation humaner PBMC auch nach der Neutralisation von IL-10 bestehen. Die Studien mit den rekombinant hergestellten O. volvulus Cystatinen zeigen, daß rOv17 und trOv17 ihr immunologisches Umfeld auf vielfältige Art und Weise modulieren. Dabei spielt vermutlich die Inhibition der Aktivität einer Wirtscysteinprotease, aber auch ein von der Funktion als Cysteinproteasen-Inhibitor unabhängiger Mechanismus eine Rolle. Der Cysteinproteasen-Inhibitor der Filarie O. volvulus besitzt somit die Eigenschaft, die Immunantwort des Wirtes zu modifizieren, und ist vermutlich eine wesentliche Komponente, die dem Parasiten eine lange Persistenz im Wirt ermöglicht.<br>Immune responses of individuals infected with filarial nematodes are characterized by a marked cellular hyporesponsiveness. The establishment of this hyporesponsiveness is considered as an important mechanism to avoid host immune responses which could eliminate the parasites. The present study is investigating the immunomodulatory potential of a 17 kD secreted cysteine protease inhibitor (onchocystatin) of the human pathogenic filaria Onchocerca volvulus. In vitro studies using recombinant onchocystatin (rOv17) identified this inhibitor as a potent immunomodulator. rOv17 suppresses the antigen-driven and the polyclonally-stimulated proliferation of human PBMC. This cellular hyporeactivity is due to the modulation of monocytic function by rOv17, comprising the modulation of antigenpresentation, the expression of costimulatory molecules and the production of cytokines. Thus rOv17 strongly inhibits the activity of human cathepsin L and S and reduces the expression of MHC class II molecules as well as the expression of CD40 and CD86 on human monocytes. The modulation of cytokine production by rOv17 is characterized by an initial increase of TNF-alpha which is followed by an increase of IL-10 and a decrease of IL-12. By neutralization studies it was shown that the suppression of MHC class II molecules and of CD86 and CD40 is mediated by the rOv17 induced increase of IL-10. In contrast cellular hyporeactivity and the reduced IL-12 production remain unaffected by neutralization of IL-10. In comparison to rOv17 a truncated onchocystatin (trOv17) with lowered protease inhibitory activity was investigated. Surprisingly even trOv17 is immunomodulatory active suggesting that immunomodulation by onchocystatin is mediated by both an inhibitor-dependent and an inhibitor-independent mechanism. These data demonstrate that onchocystatin is a potent immunomodulator of host immune responses and in consequence is an essential component that enables the parasites a long persistence within their hosts.
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Kesner, Barry Alan Dokholyan Nikolay V. "Filamin a family of mechanosensory scaffold proteins /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2827.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 4, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology School Of Medicine." Discipline: Cell and Developmental Biology; Department/School: Medicine.
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Jiang, Pengju. "Filamin and its interactions in cell migration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487265.
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Human filamin is a large dimeric, modular protein made up of two calponin homology domains and twenty-four immunoglobulin-like (Ig_FLMN) domains. Filamin cross-links actin filaments and is deeply involved in cell migration processes, largely through interactions with plasma membrane proteins, especially integrins. In the work presented here, the structural properties of filamin fragments involved in integrin binding have been studied. NMR investigations of individual dissected Ig_FLMN modules from human . filamin A (called FLNa here) revealed that, although homologous at the sequence level, they have variable folding properties. A series of NMR titrations located the binding interface between the cytoplasmic tails of integrins and filamin modules, showing that binding of FLNa19 and FLNa21 to the tails was very similar. Further analysis of NMR experimental results quantitatively characterized a dimerization of the integrin-filamin complex in solution. Inter-module interactions in a triple module (FLNa19-21) were also observed and studied. NMRstudies on module pairs of filamin (FLNaI9-20 and FLNa20-21) disclosed that part ofFLNa20 'zips' along FLNa21 in a similar pattern as integrin tails. NMR studies show that this structure is, however, readily disrupted by addition of integrin tails. The observed affinities, dimerization behaviour and the structure of FLNa19-21 led to an 'integrin clip' hypothesis. This model was supported by evidence that suggested a module rearrangement of FLNa19-21 was induced by integrin binding. Several potential regulation mechanisms for filamin-integrin binding, including selective expression of isoforrns, splicing variation and phosphorylation, were also studied. Based on previous knowledge of Ig_FLMN complexes, a strategy to predict filamin binding affinity was developed and applied to the binding site detennination for two newly identified filamin binding proteins,' migfilin and FILIP; this was successfully confinned by NMR titration experiments.
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DIAGNE, MOUSTAPHA. "Adaptation d'une filaire a la souris blanche." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066479.
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Le travail tente de mettre au point un outil pratique une filaire se developpant chez la souris blanche pour aborder les problemes de pathologie et de protection immune: materiel parasitaire abondant et constamment disponible, hote relativement bien connu sur les plans immunologiques et genetiques, connaissance precise des donnees parasitologiques chez l'hote. La filaire litomosoides galizai, est etudiee, ce qui amene a reprendre partiellement l'etude du genre. Les etapes de la mise au point comprennent: le developpement chez le vecteur, l'acarien bdellonyssus bacoti. D'importantes regulations sont observees, dont un phenomene de sous-ingestion des microfilaires quand les microfilaremies sont tres fortes; il traduit la complexite des distributions des microfilaires chez l'hote: 1) le developpement chez meriones unguiculatus. Tres sensible a la filaire, il assure un stockage abondant de materiel; 2) le developpement chez la souris swiss. 8% sont microfilariennes mais, avec un traitement a la cortisone, ce pourcentage s'eleve a 60%; 3) le developpement chez les souris consanguines. Onze souches sont testees. Elles montrent un eventail de reponses allant des souris sans filaires adultes aux souris microfilariennes. La souche balb/c (haplotype h-2d) est interessante pour sa sensibilite au parasite: 47% sont microfilariennes et la cortisone eleve ce taux a 100%; 4) l'etude preliminaire de la caracterisation des antigenes de l. Galizai et des reactions croisees avec onchocerca volvulus. Celles-ci s'averent importantes et confirment l'interet du modele experimental
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Cockroft, Alexis Cunliffe. "A study of heat shock protein 90 from the filarial nematode, Brugia pahangi." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284690.
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Wilson, Emma H. "The immunomodularity properties in vivo of the secreted filarial nematode product, ES 62." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249163.
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Ackerman, Claire Jennifer. "Structure and function studies of the filarial nematode excretory-secretory glycoprotein ES-62." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30853/.
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ES-62 is a filarial nematode excretory secretory glycoprotein of mass 57.8 kDa, from the rodent filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae. ES-62 has been shown to possess immunomodulatory capabilities, some of which can be attributed to the phosphorylcholine moieties that are attached to certain of the carbohydrate chains of ES-62. Studies of the effects of ES-62 on B lymphocytes have shown that ES-62 downregulates B lymphocyte activation by selectively targeting protein kinases, such as ErkMAPKinase, downstream of the B cell receptor resulting in immunosuppression of the host immune system. ES-62 has been shown to have a similar effect in T lymphocytes. This thesis describes the search for structural information about ES-62. Three main techniques were employed to characterise the low resolution structure of ES-62; bioinformatics, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and small angle X- ray scattering (SAXS). Bioinformatics techniques identified six proteins homologous to ES-62 on the basis of primary structure and six proteins homologous on the basis of secondary structure. Homology modelling of ES-62 in its entirety was not possible due to a lack of structural information about the six proteins homologous to ES-62 on the basis of amino acid sequence. However, residues 252-343 of ES-62 were modelled due to the homology of this region with residues 74-168 of a leucy1 aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica for which the structure is known. AUC and SAXS techniques demonstrated that ES-62 exists mainly in a tetrameric state and is slightly elongated in structure. A low resolution structure of ES-62 was also obtained using DAMMIN (Svergun,1999), a computer program which allows the ab initio determination of a three-dimensional structure from the small angle scattering curve of a protein. In addition, this thesis describes the establishment of two recombinant ES-62 expression systems, one of which was unsuccessful due to the aggregation of the expressed protein and the other, while producing rES-62, was contaminated by the presence of a compound absorbing at 260 nm resulting in the rES-62 produced being unsuitable for biochemical or biophysical studies. The search for the receptor through which ES-62 interacts with cells and the fate of ES-62 following this interaction are also discussed. These studies demonstrate that ES-62 binds to specific proteins on the surface of different immune system cells but unfortunately attempts to identify these proteins have not so far yielded a definitive answer. ES-62 has also been shown to locate to both the nucleus and cytoplasm following interaction with cells and appears to be present in different forms in these two locations. This demonstrates that ES-62 is internalised following receptor binding and may induce some of its immunomodulatory effects through interactions with intracellular proteins. Its presence in the nucleus of cells could explain the modulation of transcription factors shown to occur in B lymphocytes following exposure to ES-62.
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Arróspide, Nancy, Óscar Reyna, Drogob Juan José Montenegro, et al. "Prevalencia y factores asociados con la filariosis por Mansonella ozzardi en 2 comunidades periurbanas de Iquitos, 2009." Elsevier B.V, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/552949.
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Introduction
Three cases of M. ozzardi infection from 2 suburban communities in Iquitos, Peru, led to a suspicion of local transmission. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of filariasis by M. ozzardi and its associated factors among these communities.
Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was performed, as well as an epidemiological survey and a thick smear blood test. Larvae and mosquitoes were collected. The adjusted OR (aOR) using multiple logistic regression was calculated.
Results
A total of 433 participants were enrolled; 58% were women. The prevalence of M. ozzardi was 1.4% and the associated factors included being a fisherman (aOR: 8.7; 95%CI: 1.1–76.0) and being on the Alto Nanay river (aOR: 11.2; 95%CI: 1.2–112.5). No significant evidence of simulidos or culicoides was found.
Conclusion
The low prevalence of M. ozzardi found suggests a foreign infection, probably derived from the Alto Nanay river.<br>narrospide@ins.gob.pe<br>Introducción
Tres casos de infección por Mansonella ozzardi (M. ozzardi) en muestras de malaria que provenían de 2 comunidades periurbanas de Iquitos (Perú) dieron la sospecha de transmisión local. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados con la filariosis por M. ozzardi en estas comunidades.
Materiales y métodos
Se realizó un estudio transversal en las comunidades de Laguna Azul y La Unión en Iquitos. A todos los pobladores se les tomó una gota gruesa para la detección de M. ozzardi y se les realizó una encuesta epidemiológica. Se realizó colecta de larvas y mosquitos para identificación de potenciales vectores. Se calcularon los OR ajustados (ORa) usando regresión logística múltiple.
Resultados
Se evaluaron a 433 personas; 58% fueron mujeres; la mediana de edad fue de 20 años; 58,2% fueron migrantes, 3,7% pescadores y 12,9% habían viajado por las cuencas del Alto Nanay. La prevalencia de M. ozzardi fue de 1,4% (6/433) y el más joven de los casos tuvo 31 años; se encontró asociación con ser pescador (ORa: 8,7; IC 95: 1,1-76,0) y con haber realizado viajes por la cuenca del Alto Nanay (ORa: 11,2; IC 95: 1,2-112,5). No se evidenció densidad significativa de vectores simúlidos o culicoides.
Conclusión
Las comunidades estudiadas tuvieron una baja prevalencia de M. ozzardi y por la edad de los casos y los factores asociados encontrados se sospecha infección foránea a la zona de estudio, en especial en la cuenca del Alto Nanay.
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Schwan, Ernst Volker. "Filariosis of domestic carnivores in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces, South Africa and Maputo province, Mozambique." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12032009-185953/.
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Szeto, Sandy. "Phosphorylation of Filamin A by Cdk1/cyclin B1 Regulates Filamin A Subcellular Localization and is Important for Daughter Cell Separation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31732.
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In cell culture, entry into mitosis of many adherent mammalian cells is accompanied by substantial changes in cellular architecture. Flat, spread-out interphase cells detach from the extracellular matrix and become more spherical. These changes in cell shape are mediated by rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton, a dynamic network of actin filaments that are organized by actin-binding proteins. Filamin A (FLNa) is a 280 kD actin-binding protein that crosslinks actin filaments into parallel bundles or three-dimensional orthogonal networks. We previously identified FLNa as an in vitro substrate of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), a kinase that regulates entry into mitosis, and hypothesized that Cdk1 phosphorylation of FLNa regulates mitotic actin remodelling. Using mass spectrometry and a p-FLNa antibody, we show that FLNa is phosphorylated in vivo in HeLa cells on multiple Cdk1 sites, including serines 1084, 1459 and 1533. All three sites match the phosphorylation consensus sequence of Cdk1. We further show that p-FLNa is almost fully dephosphorylated by anaphase, consistent with it being a cell cycle-regulated substrate. Using a phospho-specific antibody, we find that p-FLNa has decreased cortical actin localization compared to total FLNa in mitotic cells. To investigate the functional role of mitotic FLNa phosphorylation, we mutated serines 1084, 1459 and 1533 to nonphosphorylatable alanine and expressed this FLNa mutant (FLNa-S1084A, S1459A, S1533A, referred to as “FLNa-AAA GFP”) in FLNa-deficient human M2 melanoma cells. FLNa-AAA GFP-expressing cells have enhanced FLNa-AAA GFP localization at sites of contact between daughter cells and this correlates with defects in cell division and impaired cell migration. Therefore, mitotic delocalization of cortical FLNa is critical for successful cell division and interphase cell behaviour.
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Azoury, Chadi. "Analyse dynamique d’un vilebrequin nouvel élément fini filaire." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30023.
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Ce travail de thèse vise à analyser le comportement dynamique d'un vilebrequin afin d'aboutir à un modèle élément fini simple pouvant simuler ses comportements. Un modèle E. F utilisant un maillage volumique d'éléments tétraédriques est réalisé. Ce modèle fournit les valeurs des modes et fréquences propres de vibration du vilebrequin. Ensuite les résultats du modèle élément fini sont validés par la méthode d'analyse expérimentale. Le but de cette thèse est de remplacer le maillage volumique par un maillage filaire. Plusieurs nouveaux éléments de poutre ont été proposés et étudiés sur une structure de test en portique en analyse statique et dynamique. Finalement les résultats numériques obtenus montrent que l'élément fini filaire peut substituer aux éléments finis volumiques<br>This work of research consists of analyzing the dynamical behavior of a crankshaft in order to get a simple linear finite element that can simulate its behaviors. A finite element model using tetrahedral volumetric elements is performed. This model produces the values of modes and frequencies of vibration of the crankshaft. Then the results of the finite element model are validated using the experimental modal analysis. The objective of this thesis is to replace the volumetric meshing with a simple linear meshing. Many new beam elements are proposed and studied on a test frame structure statically and dynamically. Finally the obtained numerical results show that the linear finite element can substitute volumetric finite elements
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Geniez, Sandrine. "Investigation of Wolbachia symbiosis in isopods and filarial nematodes by genomic and interactome studies." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2277/document.
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Les Wolbachia sont des alpha-proteobactéries présentes chez de nombreux arthropodes et nématodes filaires. Ces bactéries héritées maternellement induisent chez leurs hôtes des phénotypes allant du parasitisme au mutualisme, avec le long de ce continuum des phénotypes tels que la féminisation (F), l'incompatibilité cytoplasmique (IC) ou la mort des mâles. Wolbachia est ainsi un modèle particulièrement intéressant pour étudier les différents types de relations symbiotiques.Chez Brugia malayi, comme pour les autres nématodes filaires, Wolbachia vit en symbiose obligatoire avec son hôte. L'élimination de la bactérie par des traitements antibiotiques entraîne une perte de fertilité voire la mort du nématode. Chez l'isopode terrestre Armadillidium vulgare, Wolbachia induit la féminisation des mâles génétiques en femelles fonctionnelles entraînant des biais de sex-ratio vers les femelles dans la descendance.Pour comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans ces deux symbioses, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle méthode de capture pour isoler l'ADN de Wolbachia et séquencer 8 souches de Wolbachia d'isopodes (F et IC). Une étude de génomique comparative a permis d'établir un premier pan-génome des bactéries du genre Wolbachia et d'identifier 2, 5 et 3 gènes présents seulement chez les souches mutualistes, féminisantes ou induisant la mort des mâles. L'expression des gènes potentiellement impliqués dans la féminisation ou le mutualisme a été étudiée au cours du développement de l'hôte. L'étude de l'interactome protéique bactérie-hôte a ensuite été initiée en utilisant comme appât des protéines bactériennes à domaines eucaryotes en vue d'identifier les cibles de Wolbachia chez l'hôte<br>Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are gram-negative alpha-proteobacteria present in many arthropods and filarial nematodes. These obligate intracellular bacteria are maternally inherited and induce a large number of phenotypes across the symbiosis continuum from mutualism to parasitism, including feminization (F), cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) or male killing. Studying Wolbachia symbioses is therefore of particular interest in the investigation of symbiotic relationships.In Brugia malayi and other filarial nematodes, they are obligate leading to a loss of worm fertility, and eventual death upon their depletion with antibiotic. In arthropods, they rather are parasitic. In the isopod crustacean Armadillidium vulgare they cause feminization when present: genetic males develop as functional female leading to female biased sex-ratio progenies.In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of these two symbioses, we set up a new capture procedure to catch Wolbachia DNA and performed whole-genome sequencing on 8 Wolbachia strains, symbionts of isopods (F & CI). Comparative genomics led to the establishment of the Wolbachia pan-genome as well as the identification of phenotype related gene patterns. We identified 2, 5 and 3 genes that are only found in mutualist, feminizing and male killing strains, respectively. Expression of genes potentially involved in feminization and mutualism were also analyzed throughout host post-embryonic development. Host-symbiont interactome approach was then initiated by protein-protein interaction studies using bacterial proteins with eukaryote like motifs as bait in order to identify Wolbachia host targets involved in symbiosis