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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Filipinos, canada'
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1
Obokata, Reiko. "Environmental Factors and Transnational Migration: A Case Study with Filipino Newcomers in Ottawa, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31831.
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A number of international documents, NGOs and scholars have predicted that due to global environmental/climate change, the increased frequency and intensity of phenomena such as natural disasters, flooding, sea-level rise, pollution, and drought will be felt particularly in less developed regions of the world, and may force millions of people to leave their homelands. Given the far-reaching humanitarian and security concerns that have arisen with regard to the issue of environmentally-motivated migration, there have been calls for more empirical work to investigate this phenomenon, and particularly with respect to international movement. This thesis project takes a qualitative approach to investigating how environmental conditions in the Philippines are influencing migration to Ottawa, Canada. Using semi-structured focus group and personal interviews, it contributes some of the first ever empirical research on the links between environment and international migration to Canada. In taking a qualitative approach, it focuses on the perceptions and experiences of migrants themselves, and suggests that an emphasis on personal agency should be privileged to a greater extent in the environmental migration field. Additionally, by conducting research from a “receiving” country in the Global North, this research separates itself from the majority of previous empirical work in its field which has primarily been conducted in environmentally marginal areas in the Global South. In so doing, it provides a novel perspective particular to the experiences of long-distance and more permanent migrants. The results show that environmental factors are not currently perceived as migration influences for Filipino newcomers in Ottawa, although environmental factors do interact with political and economic factors in complex ways to influence migration decisions. This paper utilizes a transnational lens to demonstrate that environmental conditions in the Philippines may not act as direct migration influences, but they do impact migrants and their families through the social fields that are created between the Philippines and Canada. Previous work has primarily investigated the environment as a “push” factor of migration, making the transnational perspective an important theoretical contribution for addressing links between environmental change and remittances, family separation, and agency and power in relation to (im)mobility.
2
San, Luis Carlos R. "Filipino church planting in Canada and the United States of America." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Thesis (M. Min.)--Northwest Baptist Theological Seminary, 1988.Title on thesis approval sheet: Ethnic church planting in the Canadian context. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-149).
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Silva, Jon. "Engaging diaspora communities in development: an investigation of Filipino hometown associations in Canada /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2699.
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Farrales, May. "Holding spaces : geographies of Filipino-Canadian students' educational experiences." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37313.
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This thesis is concerned with the educational aspirations and outcomes of Filipino-Canadian youth. Rendered by scholars as an anomaly to established patterns of academic achievement, integration, and social mobility among immigrants in Canada, children of first generation Filipino immigrants are neither meeting nor exceeding the levels of education attained by their parents. While a framing concerned with outcomes is useful for signaling issues around the integration of immigrants in Canada, there remains a need to interrogate how and where Filipino students are produced as different.
This thesis seeks to explore ways of approaching the question of how to make sense of the less-than-expected educational achievements and outcomes of Filipino-Canadian youth. Based on interviews and focus groups with 46 Filipino high school students from two different Vancouver public high schools, I attend to the ways in which Filipino youth negotiate both time and space in their transnational and educational experiences. The thesis deals with the particular geographies in Filipino-Canadian students' experiences migrating to, and/or growing up in Canada, and their lives as high school students. In particular, I focus on spaces in the students' transnational and high school lives that can highlight conditions that help to shape their educational aspirations and trajectories.
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Ronquillo, Charlene Esteban. "Immigrant Filipino nurses in Western Canada : an exploration of motivations and migration experiences through oral history." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27706.
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Over the latter half of the twentieth century, a steady increase in the numbers of immigrant Filipino nurses have been incorporated into the Canadian healthcare workforce, mirroring trends of international nurse migration to other Western countries. Yet, there is a paucity of information on the contexts surrounding the motivations and experiences of this group of migrants who work as registered nurses in Canada. This study aims to add a historical perspective in order to understand the historical contexts surrounding this phenomenon, to gain an informed understanding of past and current trends, and more importantly, to examine what surrounded and shaped the experiences of immigrant Filipino nurses. This study explores the oral histories of nine immigrant Filipino nurses in Alberta and British Columbia who migrated from 1974 to 2005, and aims to take the beginning steps in understanding this migration phenomenon in the Canadian context.
The findings revealed that the motivations and experiences of migrant Filipino nurses were significantly influenced by the lasting effects of the historical colonial relationship between the US and the Philippines. Other important influences, however, include familial pressures and societal constructs of Filipino culture, the structure of nursing education in the Philippines, and issues of racism. These factors also shaped the transition process of the registered nurses into the Canadian workforce. With more attention and resources currently being directed at addressing foreign nurse transition and work integration in Canada, findings of this study prompt a critical reflection on these current trends and includes in the conclusion important implications on policy development for future foreign nurse immigrants entering Canada. The study concludes that social and cultural factors as much as economic ones shape nurses desire to migrate as well as their transition into the Canadian nurse workforce.
6
Farrales, May Leanne. "Gendered sexualities in migration : play, pageantry, and the politics of performing Filipino-ness in settler colonial Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62723.
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This dissertation examines the sexualities of Filipino/as in Canada who live and work on the traditional and ancestral territories of the Musqueam, Skxwú7mesh, and Tsleil-Waututh peoples (Vancouver). Specifically, it sketches out how gender and sexual paradigms in the Philippines are brought to Canada through labour migration and are re-scripted in relation to racial, gender and sexual regimes in Canada. I examine how these negotiations take shape at three particular sites and community-organized spaces. The first site in which I attend to the making of sexualities is at Filipino basketball leagues and games organized in the local community. The second site is at community-organized beauty and religious pageants. And finally, I consider how sexualities are being articulated and worked with by self-identifying Filipino/a queer, lesbian, gay and transgender organizers and activists. I work with interviews and observations I collected at each of these community-organized spaces. To analyze how sexualities are negotiated at these sites, I use a queer diaspora, queer of colour and transnational framework that attempts to be mindful of Indigenous critiques that urge for scholarship to take into account the ongoing processes of colonialism in settler colonial nations like Canada. The dissertation suggests that sexualities taking shape at basketball games, beauty pageants and in Filipino/a queer spaces are influenced by dominant racial, gender and sexual paradigms formed in the Philippines' colonial encounters at the same time as they are negotiated in relation to normative white heteropatriarchal settler colonial logics in Canada. More broadly I argue that the racialized, classed and gendered sexualities of Filipino/as are being made and remade in the overlapping colonial and capitalist geographies of Canada's and the Philippines' distinct nation-building projects. I suggest that engaging with these geographies poses critical questions of place and politics for Filipina/os in Canada by offering ways of understanding nation that might wear away at the normalizing logics.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
7
Buenaventura, Loreli C. "Re/negotiating Home(s), identities, racism(s) and resistance in the lives of second generation Filipinas in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/MQ33982.pdf.
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Parikh, Rita Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. ""I could put this house on fire!" the everyday resistance of Filipina domestics in Canada." Ottawa, 1994.
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Yee, Katharine Kate J. Swallow. "Exploring clothing values among Filipino-Canadian women, an application of the group technique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23561.pdf.
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Candido, Patricia G. "Coming into their own, Filipino Canadian youth, their ethnic identity and career aspirations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0010/MQ52884.pdf.
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Brigham, Susan. "The perceptions and experiences of immigrant Filipino caregivers, a study of their integration into Canadian society." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22048.pdf.
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Miller, Meagan. "Claiming a life of permanence: Filipina caregivers' migration experiences in Canada's live-in caregiver program." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96836.
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Drawing on in-depth interviews with migrant caregivers, community workers and government employees, this thesis explores the dream among Filipina women working in Canada's Live-In Caregiver Program (LCP) to build a life in Canada. Uncovering the actions they take on the path to realizing this dream, I first examine the common challenges caregivers encounter while working as temporary workers in the LCP. The analysis deepens to reveal the struggles caregivers engage in to improve their lives, despite institutional obstacles to exercising their rights. Ultimately, the analysis addresses the wider institutional context by examining Canada's contemporary citizenship regime. Throughout their journey to claiming a permanent home in Canada, caregivers are confronted with vulnerabilities rooted in this regime. However, those who experience greater social inclusion in the local community find strength and courage to overcome adversity.Basée sur des entrevues approfondies avec des aides familiales immigrantes, ainsi que des employés provenant des milieux communautaire et gouvernemental, cette thèse explore le rêve des femmes philippines travaillant dans le cadre du Programme des aides familiaux résidants (PAFR) de s'établir au Canada. Tout en retraçant les actions qu'elles entreprennent pour réaliser ce rêve, j'examine d'abord les défis auxquels ces femmes sont confrontées et ensuite les épreuves qu'elles tentent de surmonter pour améliorer leur vie malgré la présence de plusieurs obstacles institutionnels à l'exercice de leurs droits. Finalement, l'analyse se concentre sur le contexte institutionnel plus général en examinant le régime de citoyenneté du Canada. Tout au long de leur parcours vers l'obtention de la résidence permanente, les aides familiales sont confrontées aux faiblesses de ce régime. Par contre, celles qui sont mieux intégrées à leur communauté locale trouvent la force et le courage de surmonter l'adversité.
13
Ortiz, Drexler Klein L. "The religious identity of Filipinx Canadian immigrants: religious expressions, development, and enculturation/acculturation." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11130.
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The current study examined religious identity in a Filipinx Christian immigrant adolescent and emerging adult sample (N = 197) in Canada. Religious identity was defined as the extent to which an individual has engaged in each of five processes of religious identity formation. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to identify subgroups of participants based on their religious identity. Five subgroups were identified that represented different combinations of religious identity exploration and commitment, named Internalized, Ruminative Seeking, Indifferent, Externalized, and Undifferentiated. The study also examined whether participants in different religious identity clusters expressed their religiosity differently. It was found that participants with different religious identities differed in the level of religiosity expressed (i.e., some religious identity groups were more religious than others), but groups did not differ in the distinct ways religiosity could be expressed (i.e., all groups engaged in all dimensions of religiosity). There was also no evidence that religious identity differed based on participant age, contradicting expectations that religious identity would follow a developmental trajectory similar to other aspects of identity. Finally, the relations between religious identity clusters and enculturation and acculturation were examined to see if cultural change following immigration was related to the formation of religious identity. The findings suggested that Filipinx immigrants who were more oriented towards Filipinx culture were also more likely to be committed to their religious identity, and members of religious identities that were highly oriented towards Filipinx culture also expressed moderate to high levels of religiosity, suggesting that Filipinx culture emphasizes the importance of religious commitment and expressions of religiosity. The importance of immigration becomes more nuanced in participants who engaged in similar levels of enculturation and acculturation. Filipinx immigrants who were highly oriented to both Filipinx and Canadian cultures equally tended to be members of religious identities that experienced distressful exploration of religion. Filipinx immigrants with different levels of enculturation and acculturation may have used differences in their orientation towards Filipinx and Canadian cultures to help navigate their religious identity. The current study highlights variations in how different Filipinx Christian immigrants view their religious identity, and the importance of considering how immigration may influence religious identity formation.Graduate
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Novek, Sheila. "Women, migration and care work: Filipino health care aides in Canada." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4751.
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Personal care homes have become increasingly dependent on the employment of immigrant care workers. This qualitative study explored the high concentration of Filipino health care aides in personal care homes from their own perspectives, as well as that of policy stakeholders. In depth interviews were conducted with seven Filipino health care aides working in personal care homes in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Semi-structured interviews with policy stakeholders examined the policy context of the health care aide labour force. The study identified several factors that influenced the migration and employment of Filipino health care aides including: poverty and unemployment, migrant social networks, barriers in the labour market and financial incentives. The lack of regulations for health care aides sustained the flow of immigrant labour and enabled the expansion of social networks. Although their employment decisions were primarily based on financial need, health care aides valued their work and viewed themselves as critical care providers.
15
Salazar, Lilia Padilla. "Socialization, attribution and academic achievement of Filipino adolescents in Canada and the United States." 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/9788.
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Serpa-Francoeur, Jenny Rose. "Exploring the sexual lives and sexual health of transnational Filipino youth in southwestern British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8887.
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This research addresses how transnational Filipino youth living in southwestern British Columbia negotiate their sexual lives and sexual health decisions, and how they do so within the context of individual, familial, and community dynamics. The research explores how youth contest and negotiate notions of sexuality that are discursively constructed and constituted through familial expectations, religious ideals, peer expectations and pressure, societal expectations, and sexual education curricula.
Sexual subjectivities are shaped by the social and geographic locations individuals inhabit. My interviews with youth explored dynamic ways in which these youth enacted their sexual lives in the context of their position as transnational Filipino youth, and in turn how their positions as transnational Filipino youth interacted with and impacted their sexual subjectivities. I argue that while opinions and expectations of friends and family, as well as cultural norms and religious expectations impact youth's sexual subjectivities, youth nonetheless perceive themselves as the primary decision-makers in their sexual lives. This research shows dynamic ways in which youth enact their agency and control their sexual decisions and sexual lives.
This research was conducted between August 2016 and March 2017 in southwest British Columbia (BC) in two main locations, the Southern Vancouver Island (SVI) region and the Vancouver/Greater Vancouver Area (GVA). I conducted a series of in-depth, semi-structured interviews and engaged in informal personal engagement activities (i.e. "deep hanging out") with ten transnational Filipino youth between the ages of 19 and 25 who live and study at the post-secondary level in SVI. I also conducted interviews with adult community members, experts in the sexual health field, scholars working with Filipino youth, and staff from migrant youth organizations in SVI and the GVA.Graduate
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Dennehy, Susan. "Psychological acculturation, workplace support, and perceived work satisfaction among Filipino educated registered nurses in Manitoba." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22158.
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Filipino internationally educated nurses (IENs) constitute a major portion of the IENs in Manitoba and Canada. Acculturating to Canada can be difficult and can affect job satisfaction and retention. The focus of this research is on Filipino IENs’ acculturation to Canada, sources of workplace support and perceived job satisfaction. Berry’s (1997) acculturation framework guided the study. A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational method was used. An on-line survey resulted in a study sample of 124 participants. Quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques were used to determine relationships among the variables and to identify recommendations to assist other IENs. Job satisfaction was positively associated with one dimension of acculturation and informal sources of workplace support by immigrants and Canadian co-workers, administration, and the union. When these independent variables were entered into a multiple regression model, only administration support significantly predicted job satisfaction. Implications for nursing practice, leadership and research are discussed.
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Cuenca, Joseph Gerard B. "Filipina live-in caregivers in Canada: migrants' rights and labor issues (a policy analysis)." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8907.
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Asian women make up the fastest growing category of the world's population of migrant
workers. The thesis examines labor and immigration policies of Canada as a host country for
Filipino women migrant workers. It also determines how Canada's working environment for
Filipino women migrant workers is mapped out.
The thesis is anchored on three major concerns. The first is an analysis of the Philippines as a
leading labor exporting country. The thesis expounds on the state mechanisms promoting
labor exportation and the corresponding problems that ensue. It is argued that a majority of
the problems of labor migration from the Philippines can be attributed to the inadequate
policies and laws of the government in the 1970s when labor export first flourished.
The second area of concern is a situation analysis of the Filipina migrant workers who come
to Canada to work as live-in caregivers. This discussion is focused on Canada's general
framework of immigration laws, foreign worker policies and the pertinent provincial labor
laws of British Columbia. It analyzes how these pieces of legislation have been shaped by
Canada's national policies. The thesis argues that Canada's regulations restricting the rights of
foreign domestic workers and the marginalization of their social mobility and status reflect the
unequal relationship between the host and the sending countries.
The third and most important concern is a policy analysis of the Live-In Caregiver Program
vis-a-vis migrants' rights and labor issues. The thesis argues that Canada, through the
continuation of the Live-In Caregiver Program, provides Filipino domestic workers
inequitable working conditions. It is argued that since Canada is an international forerunner in
championing human rights, it becomes anachronistic that a cluster of the country's
immigration policies continue to advocate indentured form of labor. Canada is in a unique
position, both as a traditional immigrants' country and as an international player, to blaze the
trail for international recognition of migrant workers' rights. Canada must eliminate the
double standards in the Live-In Caregiver Program vis-a-vis the general immigration policies.
Therefore, it is argued that in order to maintain the high marks it has been receiving at the
international level, Canada must eliminate two requirements of the Live-In Caregiver
Program: First, the two-year live-in requirement and second, the temporary migrant status of
live-in caregivers upon initial entry to Canada. Live-in work must be optional and not subject
to the granting of permanent residence status. To preserve it international reputation, Canada
must also make reforms on the international level by ratifying and implementing international
conventions.
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Yee, Katharine Kate J. Swallow. "Exploring clothing values among Filipino-Canadian women, an a plication of the group technique." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/1002.
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The present study has two objectives: (a) to yield new information regarding clothing values through probing the group's perceptions, attitudes and behaviours, and (b) to identify values toward clothing held by a Filipino cultural group. The focus group method was chosen because it enables the investigator to examine responses for greater detail. Three groups of young Filipino women were formed with a total of 12 participants. Grounded Theory was used to interpret and analyze the transcripts. The analysis of the focus group discussions reveal the overriding role of both the root and host cultures and that the participants are more family-centred regarding clothing than respondents involved in earlier research. The participants identified family and context as significant in decisions regarding clothing use. Results indicated that family and context are primary considerations whereas comfort, mood and budget are secondary. Participants identified sub-components of comfort and budget, one of which was the concept of psychological comfort. A hierarchy of value influences, developed from the group discussions, supports ideas from theorists in other disciplines. This focus group approach was useful as the investigator was able to identify the complex relationship of values, in which some influences suggested a hierarchy, while others appeared to be present at similar levels within the hierarchical structure. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
20
Kiely, Shannon. "MAIDS, MEDIA, AND MIGRATION: FILIPINO NEWS MEDIA IN MONTRÉAL AND THE TRANSNATIONAL LIVES OF LIVE-IN CAREGIVERS." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13567.
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This thesis explores the role of media in the lives of live-in caregivers in Montréal by looking at two Filipino newspapers and mainstream news coverage on Filipinas and the Philippines. While Filipino newspapers elaborate Filipino identity and speak back to stereotypes in mainstream news, their impact is curtailed by limited distribution and content range. Live-in caregivers in Montréal were selected as a special audience group through which to examine media representations of Filipinos because they are ‘othered’ through interlocking processes of gender and race. The live-in caregiver program (LCP), through which they migrate to Canada, lays bare the price that third world women immigrants are asked to pay for citizenship rights in Canada. LCP work is often underpaid, demeaning, and exploitative. Examining the lives and media habits of LCP workers ethnographically breaks new ground in studies of both domestic work and minorities and media in Canada.
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Lusis, Tom Camilo. ""Just Check-out my friendster": The Impact of Information Communication Technologies on the Transnational Social Fields of Filipino Immigrants in Canada." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/4149.
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Contemporary international migrations take place during an “information age”, and information and communications technologies (ICT) have revolutionized transnational immigrant social networks. Immigrants can now maintain transnational connections with their source communities with less cost but more frequency than ever before. E-mail, web cameras, instant messenger services and social networking websites can be used to send very detailed reports about living and working in destination countries to contacts in social networks that span the globe.
Drawing upon findings from 54 semi-structured interviews with immigrants in Toronto and other locations in Southern Ontario, this study examines the impact ICTs have had on the transnational social networks of Filipino immigrants in Canada. In this work I employ Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of social fields and forms of capital as a theoretical framework to develop the concept of “digital” capital, a valuable resource that can be converted into multiple forms of capital within transnational social networks. I illustrate how immigrants use digital technologies, and in particular social networking websites, to increase the size and diversity of their social networks, and to disseminate information about life in Canada. I also highlight how processes of social distinction and reproduction influence the accuracy of transnational information flows.
This PhD project fills important gaps in the geographic literature, a discipline where ICT have been a relatively understudied research topic to date. It also contributes to the migration studies and transnationalism literature. Many studies that investigate immigrant ICT use have overlooked the importance of geography, and do not consider how uneven power relations between migrant source and destination countries shape immigrants’ on-line transnational activities. This research also makes important theoretical contributions to labour market theory. Classical ideas related to labour shortage and recruitment, hierarchies in the labour market, and the mechanisms of segmentation in labour markets have traditionally been grounded in processes that take place almost entirely in the destination country. This work demonstrates why a global or transnational perspective must be adopted when considering the labour market experiences of immigrants. The findings from this study demonstrate how the economic integration of newcomers in destination countries clearly has transnational dimensions.
22
Collymore, Tawnee. "Towards a Diasporic Epistemology: How Filipino Canadian Young Men Make Sense of Educational Success and Failure." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33641.
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This thesis forwards the concept of “diasporic epistemology” in order to better understand how Filipino Canadian young males make sense of their educational success and failure. Diasporic epistemology means a dual frame of reference created by the intersection of both structural and cultural conditions specific to a particular diaspora. To investigate this concept, I examined the interview transcripts of six Filipino Canadian young men using the constructivist approach to grounded theory. My research reveals that school structure and Filipino consciousness play a significant role in educational success and failure. Situating my thesis within the academic fields of epistemology, intersectionality, and student achievement, I contend that understanding the diasporic epistemology of racialized minority and immigrant students challenges certain truism in educational research, such as current belief that family’s socio-economic status and parental education are predictors of students’ academic success. The implications for education are greater teacher-student-home relationships and alternative schooling methods
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Farrales, Lynn Labrador. "The meaning of body, food, eating, and health for first generation Filipino Canadian women in British Columbia’s lower mainland." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3785.
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Information on the meaning systems underlying body, food, eating, and health for many
ethnic cultures within North American society is limited. Existing research suggests that the
meaning systems for body, food, eating, and health for most ethnic cultures differ from those of
the host North American culture. Despite the growing Filipino Canadian population, no
information was found for this ethnic group with regard to these issues. With an increased
understanding of Filipino Canadian culture, health professionals working with women of Filipino
Canadian ethnicity will have the tools needed to provide culturally sensitive care. Therefore, the
objective of this thesis was to increase the understanding of the culture of Filipino Canadian
women as it pertains to body, food, eating, and health.
The qualitative research paradigm was chosen to explore the culture of Filipino Canadian
women because, as opposed to quantitative research where the goals are to verify, predict, and
control, the goals of qualitative research are to explain, discover, understand, and generate
theories. The processes of sampling, data collection, and data analysis occured simultaneously
throughout the research process. Sampling was purposive in that informants were chosen
according to certain characteristics in order to highlight similarities and differences between
informants. The informants consisted of first generation Filipino Canadian women from 19 to 30
years old who were born in the Philippines to parents of Filipino heritage. Data were collected
from eleven informants by conducting semi-structured open-ended interviews. Preliminary data
analysis guided subsequent sampling of participants, interviews, and analysis strategies. Later
analysis stages involved the development of the major themes using domain and taxonomic
analyses. Several steps were taken to ensure the trustworthiness of the research. First, peer
debriefing, negative case analyses, and member checks were used to establish the credibility of the
emergent themes. Second, rich descriptions of the context were provided in order to aid in the
transferability of the findings. Third, an inquiry audit was conducted in order to establish the
dependability of the research process and confirmability of the findings.
The majority of informants valued thinness, valued the concept of "watching" fat, rice and
sweet, salty, and junk food intake, and were concerned about minimizing disease risk. These
views were associated with "Canadian" culture. On the other hand, a minority valued fatness,
valued the concept of "just eating" fat and rice, and revealed a concern with maximizing disease
resistance. These views were associated with "Filipino" culture. Although the findings suggested
that the informants were fairly well assimilated into the host North American culture, evidence
does exist which shows that most of them experienced the conflict of the "Filipino" and
"Canadian" cultural systems.