Academic literature on the topic 'Filler percentage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Filler percentage"
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Fard, Zohreh Ghafoori, Mohammad Mehdi Khabiri, and Pooya Afkhamy Meybodi. "The Effect of Using Ceramic Waste Powder as a Filler on the Performance of Bitumen Mastic and Hot Asphalt Mix." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 4 (2022): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.507.
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The use of raw resources is increasing due to the continuous increase of world population and rapid industrialization; while natural resources are being depleted day by day. The use of waste or manufactured materials in road construction has significant environmental and economic benefits. In this study, the use of ceramic powder as mineral filler in hot asphalt mix as an alter- native method to traditional crushed stone was investigated. The optimal amount of bitumen was determined using Marshall Mix Design method or using four different amounts of bitumen 4.5%, 5% and 5.5%. With the optimal amount of bitumen, two different types of corroded mineral fillers, ceramic and stone powder with three different filler ratios (4%, 6%, and 8%) were used to prepare asphalt mixture samples. The samples were subjected to Marshall Resistance Test, flow, determination of empty space percentage and percentage of empty space filled with bitumen and the results were compared. Also, to evaluate the type and amount of filler on the performance of bitumen, penetration degree test, softening point and ductility test of pure bitumen and bitumen containing two materials of calcareous filler and ceramic powder with different percentages were performed. The results show that the Marshall and flow strength of mixtures containing calcareous filler is about 5% higher and 12% less than the mixture containing the waste filler, respectively, and with increasing the percentage of filler in asphalt samples, the average degree of penetration and elasticity are about 30% and 4.5%, respectively decreases and softening point increases 7%; These changes are more severe in asphalt samples containing calcareous fillers. In general, it can be concluded that ceramic waste powder can be used in asphalt mixture as a mineral filler to replace crushed rock dust, because the use of this material as filler in road construction is appropriate in terms of economic and environmental factors.
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Amin, L. Muhamad Nadhli, Hanafi Ismail, and O. Nadras. "Comparative Study of Bentonite Filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber and Carbon Black Filled NBR Composites Properties." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 3 (2018): 5468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.15.3.2018.5.0420.
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This paper determines the potential of bentonite to replace the commonly used carbon black as filler in synthetic rubber composite product. Thus, the study made by comparing the results of curing, tensile thermal and morphological properties of bentonite and carbon black filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites. The result of the tensile strength (TS), modulus at 100 % elongation (M100) and modulus at 300 % elongation (M300) for both bentonite (Bt) and carbon black (CB) filled NBR composites increased as the filler loading increased. The elongation at break (Eb) for Bt followed the same trend but not for NBR/CB composites. At similar filler loading, CB filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites demonstrated higher TS, M100, M300, and Eb compared to the Bt filled NBR composites. As the filler loading increased, the swelling percentage decreased for both types of fillers. However, at similar filler loading, the swelling percentage of CB filled NBR (NBR/CB) is lower than the Bt filled NBR (NBR/Bt). Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the tensile fractured surface of NBR/CB composites exhibits better filler dispersion and more tear lines compared to the NBR/Bt composites.
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Raja, R. Satheesh, K. Manisekar, and V. Manikandan. "Effect of Carbon Black and Fly Ash Fillers on Tensile Properties of Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.26.
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Fibre reinforced polymer composites play an incredible role in almost all spheres of day to day life and the field of carbon composites is one of the prime research area in recent decade. Polymers are mostly reinforced with fibre or fillers to obtain better mechanical properties. The properties of the polymer composites can be improved largely by varying the type of filler/fibre materials and its volume percentage. Composites properties depend on the size, shape and other physical properties of the reinforcements. A relative easy way to improve the mechanical properties of a polymer is the addition of filler materials. In all particulate filled systems, the adhesion between the matrix and filler plays a significant role in determining the key properties such as strength and toughness. The mechanical properties of composites are also influenced by the filler’s nature, size and distribution profile, aspect ratio, volume fraction, the intrinsic adhesion between the surfaces of filler and polymer. In this paper, the effect of filler material on mechanical properties of E-Glass fibre reinforced polymer has been studied out by varying filler materials. For these study three different types of specimens were prepared, viz FRP without filler material, the FRP with 10 volume percentages of carbon black and the FRP with 10 volume percentage of Fly ash as filler material. The polyester composites were fabricated by hand-layup method. Mechanical properties of the specimens are analyzed using computerized Universal Testing Machine as per ASTM D 638 standards. The resulting behavioral patterns of the FRP with filler material are listed and compared to those of the FRP without filler material. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, percentage of elongation, yield strength, Poisson’s ratio and percentage reduction in area were found out.
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Mustafa, Dalia M. T., and Sarkawt Rostam. "Friction and Wear Resistance for Polyetheretherketone Filled with Different Filler Materials: A Comparative Study." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (2017): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.55.
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Friction and wear behavior of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) filled with different filler composites were compared. The comparisons were made for different scholar research works which were published between 1987 – 2017.The comparison took place between different filler composites such as carbon fiber (CF) reinforced Polyetheretherketone, nanometer Al2O3, nanometer SiC, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled PEEK, nanometer ZrO2, nanometer SiO2, nanometer Si3N4, CuS, short fiber reinforced PEEK composites, PEEK-CF30, GO-Si and Graphite composites.The friction and wear were studied according to different factors of the filler composites such as plasma treated PEEK, volume percentage, weight percentage, sliding distance, surface of roughness, and size of particles.By this work we can understand the effect of some nanometer particles which act as fillers in polyetheretherketone, and by this comparison study we conclude that friction and wear properties can be decreased or increased or stay unchanged by increasing and decreasing the amount of fillers but it can be improved by adding different fillers with certain properties to obtain optimal results.
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Osabohien, Emmanuel, Ufuoma Soya, and Nduka Obichukwu Ojeifo. "Characteristics of natural rubber – carbonized pawpaw seed composites." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 8 (2020): 2951–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i8.23.
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The search for eco-friendly and less expensive fillers and additives has necessitated the use of renewable natural resources of plant origin in rubber compounding. This research work utilized carbonized pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds as filler in natural rubber compounds in a bid to determining the reinforcing potentials. The carbonized pawpaw seeds (CPS) and dried raw pawpaw seeds (RPS) were separately pulverized, screened with a 75 μm sized test sieve and incorporated into natural rubber, Standard Nigerian Rubber (SNR 10), loaded between 0 – 50 parts per hundred (Phr) of the rubber. The cure characteristics, physicomechanical properties as well as the percentage swelling characteristics of vulcanizates were measured as a function of filler loading and compared with the values obtained using industrial grade carbon black (N330) as a standard reinforcing filler. Results showed that the CPS and RPS filled SNR 10 influenced the cure characteristics and physicomechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates. The scorch and cure times of the vulcanizates decreased as filler loading is increased while maximum torque increased with increase in filler loading. Tensile strength and modulus at 100% strain for all SNR 10 filled vulcanizates increased to optimum level at 40 phr respectively, thereafter decreased, and elongation at break decreased as filler loading is increased. The hardness and abrasion resistance of the vulcanizates increased with increase in filler loading, while compression set and percentage swelling in both petroleum and aromatic solvents decreased as filler loading is increased. The vulcanizates tend to swell more in aromatic solvents than in petroleum solvents. Percentage swelling of the vulcanizates (N330 – SNR 10 < CPS – SNR 10 < RPS – SNR 10) and in the order benzene > toluene > kerosene > diesel solvents. The research work showed that CPS and RPS fillers exhibited considerable reinforcing potentials but somewhat inferior to carbon black, N330.
 Keywords: Natural rubber, pawpaw seeds, fillers, vulcanizates and reinforcement.
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Putra, Andhika, Tri Mulyono, and Yusfita Chrisnawati. "KAJIAN PARAMETER MARSHALL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH SERBUK KERANG HIJAU SEBAGAI FILLER CAMPURAN LAPIS ASPAL BETON." Menara: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 15, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jmenara.v15i1.18124.
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This inquiry aims to investigate whether the use of green mussels shell powder as an alternate filler in Laston mix can meet the Marshall parameter or not. Method used in this inquiry is experimental method that examines Marshall parameter at various percentages of green mussels shell powder use in which their level are 0%, 6,5%, 7,5%, and 8,5% as an alternate of half of filler. The experiment of green mussels shell powder is generate a maximum level of filler at 7,5% percentage with stability value in 987,478 kgs, flow value in 3,70 mm, Marshall Quotient value in 266,738 kgs/mm, Void in Mineral Aggregates value in 17,597%, Void Filled with Bitumen value in 71,958% and Void In the Mix value in 4,709%. By this result, it can be concluded that green mussels shell powder can be used as an alternate filler in AC-WC asphalt mix for heavy traffic road with 7,5% percentage of filler level.
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Dulebová, Ľudmila, Emil Spišák, Branislav Duleba, František Greškovič, and Tomasz Garbacz. "Characterization of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PP/Mineral Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.241.
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The paper presents the impact of the use of fillers on the mechanical properties of composites with polymeric matrix from polypropylene (PP). Two main types of mineral fillers - talc and calcium carbonate - were used for experiments. PP composites of different percentage filler in matrix PP were compounded with twin-screw extruder and then injection molding. Properties of composites were investigated by tensile test and thermal analysis. Tensile strength was performed to determine and compare the mechanical properties of the unfilled PP and filled PP with various percentages of fillers. Thermal analysis by thermogravimetric was performed on the tested materials - weight loss, glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition, melting temperature.
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Gupta, Anu. "Synthesis and Erosion Wear Analysis of Short Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Filled with Ceramic Fillers." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 6, no. 2 (2018): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2018070104.
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Hybrid natural fiber reinforced composites with ceramic fillers has been fabricated. Two ceramic fillers (Alumina and Silicon Carbide) have been used for the synthesis of composites and the samples have been fabricated with hand layup technique. 10% and 20% weight percentage of filler materials have been used for the different sets of composite samples. Erosion wear analysis of these composite samples has been carried out at different impingement angles (30,45,60,75, and 90) with varying impact velocities (48 m/s, 70 m/s, 82 m/s, and 109 m/s) and with varying erodent size (108, 125,150, 180µm). Results for the composites with and without filler have been compared. It has been observed that composites filled with particulate filler shows improvement in wear resistance properties as compared to composites without filler. Among the two fillers, Al2O3 has shown better resistance as compared to silicon carbide. A scanning electron microscope has been used to study the morphology of eroded surfaces and the mode of material removal.
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Sasongko, Riyan Nur. "PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN FILLER SEMEN DENGAN FILLER KAPUR PADA KARAKTERISTIK CAMPURAN AC-WC AKIBAT PENGARUH MASA PERENDAMAN AIR." Jurnal Civil Engineering Study 3, no. 01 (2023): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/10.34001/ces.03012023.12.
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Roads are one of the most essential transportation infrastructure for the advancement of public welfare and life improvement. As for an attempt to improve the quality of road pavement (asphalt), one of them is by adding fillers or fillers of cement and lime to get good quality asphalt pavement. This research will add filler with a percentage of cement and lime filler ranging from 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, and there is also a soaking period of the samples that will be made with this percentage with a sample soaking period ranging from 0 to 3 days of soaking period to know the effect of the soaking period on the strength of the asphalt bricks sample with these percentage variations. Using the marshall quiotient method, the results obtained that asphalt with additional cement filler is still within specifications, while for asphalt soaking with lime filler experiences high stiffness and cracks easily
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Nwokoye, J.N., Okoye, P.A.C., and Chris-Okafor, P.U. "Cassava Peel - Cowpea Hull Blended Agro-Waste Fillers: Effect on Mechanical, Morphological and Degradation Properties of Polypropylene." International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science 13, no. 11 (2024): 72–78. https://doi.org/10.51583/ijltemas.2024.131108.
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Abstract: This study is aimed at harnessing the effect of cassava peel and cowpea hull blended agro-waste on the mechanical, morphological and degradation properties of polypropylene and recycled polypropylene. Fine powders of mesh size of 75µm cassava peel and cowpea hull were homogeneously mixed at the ratio of 50:50 to form the hybrid filler. The virgin pellets of PP and recycled polypropylene (rPP) were filled with varying weight percentages (5, 10, 15, 20) of the blended filler and the composites produced via injection moulding technique. The mechanical properties; tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, hardness, compressive strength, and shear modulus were studied according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The morphological properties were studied with a Scanning Electron Microscope at 10,000 magnifications. The degradation study was achieved by soil burial method for one hundred and eighty (180) days period. The results of the mechanical properties showed increased tensile strength, hardness, compressive strength and shear modulus while the percentage elongation at break decreased as the filler load increases. The micrographs showed that the virgin PP has better adhesion and interfacial bonding with the filler than the rPP. Biodegradation test revealed a reduction in the mass of the composites after one hundred and eighty (180) days burial period indicating that the composite is degradable. From the findings, the cassava peel-cowpea hull blended filler can be used in materials where stiffness and strength is required. Hence, it is suggested that agro-wastes such as cassava peel and cowpea hulls could be used as fillers in production of degradable plastics as they are readily available, cheap and easy to use.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Filler percentage"
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Chávez, H., H. Chávez, A. Pezo, G. Llerena, and V. Torres. "Theoretical design proposal for simulated hot asphalt mixture at a temperature below zero degrees Celsius." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651795.
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In the world there are adverse climates, climates that hinder the good construction and paving of roads, generating insecurity among the locals and visitors. This over time affects the economy of a country, as a road boosts tourism, transport and commerce. Therefore, a mixture was designed to mitigate a problem in the placement of hot asphalt mixture at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. That is, a conventional mix design was proposed, but with different types of filler (lime, Portland cement type I and silica) tested with the Marshall and Lottman method which are governed according to the EG-2013 standards [1] and parameters established in the Asphalt Institute [2]. To find the optimum, it was tested with 5.0%, 5.5% 6.0% and 6.5% asphalt cement. Then with the results obtained a comparative analysis was performed. Finally, specimens without any additives were made, the specimens once prepared at 140°C were subjected to freezing, resulting in the three types of filler, that the hot asphalt mixture with incorporation of Portland cement type I to a 5, 90% of asphalt cement is the optimum since, subject to extreme temperatures below 0°C they comply with the parameters required in the standards.
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Horn, Eben. "Development of a composite index for pharmaceutical powders / Eben Horn." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3722.
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The primary prerequisites for powder mixtures/granules intended for tableting is to posses the quality of (i) homogenous composition; (ii) acceptable flowability, (iii) sufficient compressibility; and (iv) anti-adhesiveness. The most important prerequisite for these powder mixture/granulates is undoubtedly the ability to flow, due to its effect on product quality, especially dose and dosage form uniformity.
A comprehensive literature study on the flowability of powders revealed that flow is affected by physical properties such as molecular- and interparticle forces, particle size and size distribution, particle shape, particle density, surface structure of the particle, and particle packing geometry. Various flow tests are available to determine powder flow, each measuring a variety of the properties mentioned above, resulting in different flow results and a subsequent variation in the classification of powders.
Particle characterization of a wide range of pharmaceutical fillers through SEM and particle size analysis, indicated considerable differences between physical properties of the various fillers, which suggested significant differences in their flow behaviour. Flow tests were conducted determining the critical orifice diameter (COD); percentage compressibility (%C); angle of repose (AoR) and flow rate (FR) of the fillers in the absence and presence of a glidant (0.25% Aerosil® 200). The results confirmed the expected differences in flow obtained from the various tests, with no one of the fillers achieving the same flow behaviour in all the tests. The difference in flow amongst the fillers for a specific test could, to a large extent, been correlated with specific physical properties of the particles within the powder bed.
COD results illustrated the influence of particle size and shape and surface structure on the flowability of these materials, with fillers with a smaller average particle size, less spherical shaped particles and uneven / rough surface structures performing poorer than their counterparts. The percentage compressibility (%C) of the materials was affected by the shape and size of the particles and the density of the materials, whilst the packing geometry also affected flow behaviour. Particles with high density and a low internal porosity tended to posses free flowing properties. Powders with a larger difference in the ratio between their respective bulk and tapped densities/volumes presented better flow results. The AoR of the fillers was affected by the cohesiveness and friction between the particles as well as the shape, surface structure and size of the particles. This method was less discriminative in terms of indicating differences in the flow of powders with comparable physical properties. A further drawback of this method was the variation in results between repetitions, which is affected by the way the samples were handled prior to measurement. The flow rate (FR) of the fillers was predominantly affected by the density of the materials and the size, shape, and surface structure of the particles. Powders with a higher density seemed to exhibit a better flow rate, although some of the other factors affected the flow rate more when the densities were very close or identical. The following general rank order for the various fillers (as an average of their performance in all the tests) were established (with no glidant present): Cellactose® 80 > FlowLac® 100 > Prosolv® HD90 * Ludipress® > Emcompress® >Avicel® PH200 > Starlac® » Emcocel® 50M * chitosan » lactose monohydrate. Addition of a glidant failed to change the rank order significantly.
During the final stage of the study an attempt was made to modify and/or refine the composite flow index (CFI) proposed by Taylor ef a/. (2000:6) through (i) inclusion of flow rate results in its computation and/or (ii) varying the contribution (percentage) of each test to the CFI (Taylor & co-workers used equal contributions, namely 33 V* %, in their calculation of the CFI). The results indicated that including the results from the flow rate test was not beneficial in terms of providing a more representative CFI (in fact it reduced the accuracy of the index). Next various weight ratios for COD, %C and AoR was used to determine the CFI of each filler, and an optimum ratio was found at 50%:40%:10% (COD:%C:AoR) resulting in the highest CFI for each powder and the widest range for the CFI (largest difference between minimum and maximum values). This ratio was found in the presence and absence of a glidant. At this ratio the CFI discriminated well between the different powders in terms of their flowability. Lastly, the flowability scale for powders as used by the USP (20007:644) for %C and AoR results was adapted and fitted on the CFI results obtained for the various powders. This scale provided an exceptional fit for the powders both in the absence and presence of a glidant) and offered an excellent means for the grouping and classifcation of powders based on their CFI.<br>Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Posolda, Jan. "Metody pro odstranění aliasu při zobrazení stínů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236521.
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This paper concerns aliasing removal methods during the shadow displaying. Method of shadow mapping, its principles, procedure and mainly its drawbacks in the form of aliasing development are described. For the removal of this undesirable phenomenon, several aliasing suppressing methods are described - Percentage Closer Filter, Variance Shadow Map, Convulotion Shadow Map, Exponential Shadow Map a Bilateral Filter. I conclude my work with a proposal and implementation of a demonstrative application, which demonstrates the implemented results adequately. Also, the comparison of individual methods on the basis of their quality and computational demands is included.
Books on the topic "Filler percentage"
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Martin, Lou. Work and Identity in the Factory and at Home. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039454.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the evolution of gendered division of labor in the factories and at home. In the 1940s and 1950s, potteries hired increasing numbers of women to fill more and more roles in the production process. The fact that pottery wages fell behind steel wages in these decades contributed to the declining percentage of men in the potteries as they sought a family wage. At home, women and men fell back into more familiar gender roles as they produced their own food, made their own clothing, and built their own houses. Rural-industrial workers believed in “making do” to stretch their family income, performing self-help activities that harked back to older work patterns on the farms that many of them had left behind. Thus, there were two gender divisions of labor operating in parallel: one at home and another in the factory, one derived from rural self-sufficiency and the other from industrial production.
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Norfolk, Sherry, and Lyn Ford, eds. Storytelling Strategies for Reaching and Teaching Children with Special Needs. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216019459.
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This book supplies stories, essays, lesson plans and specialized storytelling strategies to help teachers "level the playing field" for all learners and better serve children with special needs. More than 57 percent of the over 6 million American children with disabilities are in inclusive (i.e., general) classrooms; "self-contained" classrooms serve children whose disabilities are either more severe or disruptive. As much as 20 percent of the children in an inclusive classroom are identified as "disabled," with the highest percentage of these having learning disabilities. While most classrooms have at least one child with a disability, teachers often have little or no training in educating and caring for these children. The need for resources that support educators working with children with disabilities or social/emotional difficulties is clear. This book fills this critical need, supplying school and public librarians, classroom and special area teachers, and storytelling teaching artists with storytelling strategies for reaching and teaching children with special needs in inclusive classrooms, self-contained classrooms, and public and school libraries. These full-text stories, essays, and lesson plans from experienced storytelling teaching artists provide educators with a wide range of adaptable storytelling and teaching strategies for specific disabilities and enable storytellers to discover news ways to perform their storytelling magic. The book also offers compelling real-life anecdotes that demonstrate the impact of these strategies in inclusive and self-contained classrooms; presents an introduction to the skills of storytelling, why they are useful, and how to use them; and includes suggested modifications for a wide range of disabilities as well as detailed resource lists.
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Brown, Christopher C. Harnessing the Power of Google. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400661877.
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This informative and practical book teaches how to get better and faster results from Internet searches and methods for maximizing the potential of the world’s most popular search engine. Mastering Internet research skills is a must for today’s information professionals and LIS students, as well as for educators and all high school and college students. But without specific instruction in how to conduct online research, people are destined to waste time in their Internet queries or to come up emptyhanded when the information they’re seeking is, in fact, available. Harnessing the Power of Google: What Every Researcher Should Know offers simple strategies that streamline research and improve anyone's search results. It will specifically benefit information professionals, students, and academic researchers in disciplines like international studies, political science, and statistical research. Illustrated with helpful screen shots, this handbook will be an often-consulted desk reference and can serve as a workshop guide or supplementary reading in courses on online research skills. The book starts with a review of general guidelines for searching that covers topics like the difference between primary and secondary sources, determining authority, citing sources, indexing, and ranking before addressing Google’s power-searching features, such as the ability to search by top-level Internet domain or file type. The book describes the history of information access over the past century, culminating in today’s digital information archives and how Google now augments—not replaces—what libraries provide. The three Google interfaces that together comprise a powerful toolkit are covered in detail: Google Web for finding primary source materials; Google Scholar for full text searching of scholarly, peer-reviewed material; and Google Books for searching the full text of a very high percentage of books.
Book chapters on the topic "Filler percentage"
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Bhuvaneswar, K., T. Sathish, P. Shashwath, R. Saravanan, and R. Venkatesh. "Experimental Investigation of Spindle Speed and Feed Influence on Cylindricity Tolerance While Drilling Aluminum6061 MMC Filler with 15% Weight Percentage of B4C and in Comparison with Cast Aluminum6061." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69966-5_16.
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Afzal, Muhammad Zeshan, Martin Krämer, Syed Saqib Bukhari, Mohammad Reza Yousefi, Faisal Shafait, and Thomas M. Breuel. "Robust Binarization of Stereo and Monocular Document Images Using Percentile Filter." In Camera-Based Document Analysis and Recognition. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05167-3_11.
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Gafsi, Nedia, Mohamed Kharrat, Maher Dammak, Raquel Verdejo, Miguel Angel Lopez Manchado, and Massimiliano Barletta. "A Comparative Investigation of the Tribological and the Mechanical Behavior of Polyester Powder Coatings Filled with Graphite Depending on the Filling Percentage and the Size of the Graphite Particles." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52071-7_35.
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Čtvrtník, Mikuláš. "Archiving as Security Risk to Protection of Persons and Their Personality Rights." In Archives and Records. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18667-7_7.
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AbstractThe preservation of any data, including their subsequent permanent archiving, always carries the risk that this data may be subject to unauthorised access, may be extracted and misused. This potential misuse takes on various forms and has different consequences. In this chapter the author takes a closer look at some specific record categories which also become, either fully or partly, archival records in the final phase of their life cycle, usually stored in public archives. The chapter analyses in detail some strikingly specific examples of the misuse of personal data from records that took place in the twentieth century. The material will comprise in particular census records, medical records, Jewish files from the period of the Nazi dictatorship, East German State Security Service materials, and some other groups of records. The chapter pays particular attention to the significantly increased risk of misuse in the case of digital data and digital records and archives.In this respect, the chapter will open a new perspective for archiving in the public interest, which can be briefly characterised as follows: While traditional archiving still motivates the need to reduce records before accepting a very small percentage of them for permanent archiving mainly by the sole need to reduce the volume of archivable material, the process of archival appraisal for records reduction should pay equal attention to the protection of (not only) personality rights and privacy of individuals.
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Naik, Charanaraja, Prasanta Kumar Samal, B. Hulugappa, B. Suresha, Imran M. Jamadar, and Pramod Kumar Malik. "Effect of Filler Material Type on Dynamic Behaviour of Composite Beams; an Experimental Study." In Intelligent Technologies for Scientific Research and Engineering. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079395123010017.
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The composite materials find various applications such as in turbine blades, helicopter blades, airplane wings, medical instruments, sports equipment, etc. They are subjected to a variety of dynamic excitations. The resonance condition is desirable for some applications such as vibration actuators, and musical instruments. And due to resonance, catastrophic failure may occur for most of the applications. Therefore, a study of dynamic behavior plays an important role in the design of materials either to avoid or to enforce resonance conditions. This work aims at the experimental investigation of vibration characteristics of composite beams. In this work, composite beams were made of glass fiber and epoxy resin with varying filler materials and their percentage. Three filler materials, viz. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3), Nano-Clay, and Silicon Carbide (SiC) were considered for the study. The National Instruments Data Acquisition system (NI-DAQ) with a triaxial accelerometer was used to acquire the vibration data. The natural frequencies of the beams were determined from the frequency domain data and damping ratios of the beams were determined from time-domain data. Effects of filler material type on natural frequencies and damping ratios were studied. According to the research, the damping ratio values drop in the order of CaCO3, Nano-Clay, and SiC while the natural frequency values decrease in the order of Nano-Clay, CaCO3, and SiC.
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Poddar, M. K. "Sonochemical Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites." In Materials Research Foundations. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902035-10.
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Polymer nanocomposite materials have drawn the attention of scientists due to their outstanding properties as compared to native polymers. The nanocomposites of polymer are widely used in packaging, aerospace, nanocoatings, solar energy, automotive, electronics, semiconductors, cosmetic, and construction. The modifications in the properties are done according to their applications in various fields. The properties of such nanocomposite materials depend on several variables such as nanoparticles dispersion and distribution, flame retardancy, mechanical and tensile strength, thermal properties, electrical and magnetic properties. In addition to these, the nanofillers play a vital role in nanocomposites to enhance or modify their mechanical and physical properties. In this chapter, various aspects of the nanocomposites of polymer have been discussed, including ultrasound-assisted in-situ polymerization intercalation and nanoparticles dispersion. The processing of nanocomposites using different filler materials such as ZnO, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), Cloisite-30B, etc. as well as the percentage of filler materials has been discussed in detailed. Finally, the nanocomposites have been characterized using different analytical techniques to elucidate its properties.
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Mondal, Barun Kumar, and Soumendu Bisoi. "SAPO-34 Zeolites/Polyamide (PA) Mixed-Matrix Membranes with Enhanced CO2/CH4 Separation Performance." In Lincoln Publication. Lincoln Publication, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/book.2024ecc.002.
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A novel mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) comprising semi-fluorinated aromatic polyamide (PA) and Submicron SAPO-34 zeolites filler was synthesized and evaluated for gas separation capabilities targeting CH4, N2, O2 and CO2. Mixed-matrix formulations represent a promising strategy to mitigate the permeability-selectivity compromise inherent in polymer membranes by integrating fillers. The properties of the filler are pivotal in dictating the performance of MMMs. MMMs were synthesized with varying weight percentages (0%, 5%, and 10%) of Submicron SAPO-34 zeolites filler incorporated into the semi-fluorinated PA matrix. The MMM incorporating 10 wt% Submicron SAPO-34 displayed CO2 permeability and a selectivity of 44.20 for CO2/CH4 gas pairs, showcasing enhanced CO2/CH4 separation performance credited to the existence of Submicron fillers. SEM imaging confirmed the uniform combination of Submicron SAPO-34 filler into the polyamide matrix. This investigation presents a promising pathway for developing efficient and high-performance separation membranes.
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Antonio Ruiz Pico, Angel, Ruth Noemi Salvador Reyes, and Sol Estrella Espinal Bonilla. "Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures Using Construction and Demolition Wastes as Filler." In Civil Engineering. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1007330.
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The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures using construction and demolition waste (CDW) as fillers for flexible pavement projects designed for light traffic. Asphalt briquettes were produced, incorporating CDW filler, and their performance was assessed in comparison with standard mixtures. The study identified the properties of CDW necessary for its use as filler, determining the optimal percentages to be incorporated into the asphalt mixtures. Mix designs were developed for both the standard sample and for mixtures containing 1, 3, 5, and 7% CDW filler. The results showed that while 1% CDW closely mirrors the properties of the standard asphalt mix and complies with the “General Technical Specifications for Construction” (2013), the optimal performance was achieved at 5% CDW, which exhibited the highest resistance and stability under load. However, not all filler percentages met the required properties for asphalt mixtures, highlighting the importance of proper dosage for effective performance. The findings suggest that incorporating CDW as filler in asphalt mixes can offer a sustainable alternative for flexible pavement construction, provided that filler proportions are carefully controlled.
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Carmichael Milton, Jemimah, and Prince Arulraj Gnanaraj. "Compressive Strength of Concrete with Nano Cement." In Cement Industry - Optimization, Characterization and Sustainable Application. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93881.
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Nano technology plays a very vital role in all the areas of research. The incorporation of nano materials in concrete offers many advantages and improves the workability, the strength and durability properties of concrete. In this study an attempt has been made to carry out an experimental investigation on concrete in which cement was replaced with nano sized cement. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade was ground in a ball grinding mill to produce nano cement. The characterization of nano cement was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer Emmett–Teller (BET), Energy Dispersive X ray microanalysis (EDAX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). From the characterization studies, it was confirmed that particles were converted to nano size, the specific surface area increased and the chemical composition remained almost the same. The properties of cement paste with and without nano cement were found. For the experimental study, cement was replaced with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of nano cement. Cement mortar of ratio 1:3 and concrete of grades M20, M30, M40 and M50 were used. Compressive strength of cement mortar and concrete with different percentages of nano cement was found. The cement mortar was also subjected to micro structural study. It was found that the strength increased even up to the replacement level of 50%. Further increase in the replacement is not possible since the addition of nano cement reduces the initial and final setting time of cement paste. At 50% replacement level, the initial setting time got reduced to 30 minutes which the least permitted value as per IS 12269: 2013. The increase in strength was due to the fact that nano cement acts not only as a filler material but also the reactivity increased due to the higher specific surface area. The SEM image shows the formation of additional C-S-H gel. The percentage increase in compressive strength was found to increase up to 32%. The workability of concrete with nano cement was found to be significantly more than that of the normal cement concrete.
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Arumugaprabu, Veerasimman, Deepak Joel Johnson R., and Pragatheeswaran R. "Effective Utilization of Industrial Wastes for Preparing Polymer Matrix Composites." In Handbook of Research on Green Engineering Techniques for Modern Manufacturing. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5445-5.ch013.
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The present industry scenario focuses on green manufacturing, in terms of effective reuse and recycling of the industrial wastes generated in enormous amount while preparing the product. The wastes also act as a threat to the society by causing various kinds of pollution. Therefore, the proper safe disposal of the same is a very critical factor. Most of the industries struggled with the enormous disposal of these wastes and finding ways for reuse and disposal. In this chapter, one such way of reuse of these wastes for making composite product is explored. Industrial wastes such as flyash and ricehusk used as fillers of varying weight percentages, 6%, 8%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, wt%, respectively, are reinforced with matrix. The prepared composites were subjected to flexural studies to know the load withstand ability. Results show that the incorporation of both fly ash and rice husk industrial wastes as filler into the polymer matrix increases the flexural strength. In addition, a low-cost product with high strength and good performance is obtained by adding this waste.
Conference papers on the topic "Filler percentage"
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Chiu, Tse-Ming, Benton Allen, Emily M. Hunt, and Homero Castaneda. "Electrochemical Performance of Nano Engineered-Coatings Based on Antimicrobial Nano-Alloy in Corrosive Environment." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09547.
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Abstract This work include the utilization of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a characterization tool for antimicrobial nano alloy (ANA) as an epoxy filler in corrosive environments. Steel panels with two different coating formulations having in common an ANA component were tested. The formulations included fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) and epoxy-TiO2 Marine coatings with different ANA percentages and were applied onto a steel panel by flame spray apparatus. The panels were immersed in 3.5 weight percent of NaCl solution and characterized by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and material characteristics. EIS presents the interfacial mechanism coating/substrate and particles/coating interface when the ANA concentration is modified, and the barrier effect demonstrates the water uptake process while the charge transfer process demonstrates the dominant mechanism with time. The increase in the ANA percentage does not induce galvanized corrosion within the coatings. This work presents the results of two different set of coatings following different exposure times and additive concentrations (ANA) based on the classical electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing and scanning vibrating electrode technique.
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Marya, Manuel, Virendra Singh, Alireza Zolfaghari, and Vipul Shinde. "Friction Reduction Coatings for Carbonate Scale Mitigation: a Comparison of Materials Technologies." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16533.
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Abstract Scale deposition is a major flow assurance concern in hydrocarbon production and water processes that can be economically managed with the use of suitable friction reduction coatings. In this investigation, the performance of various polymer composite coatings, among single-layer polymer-inorganic filler coatings, multi-layered coatings, and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have been compared on the bases of friction reduction, hardness, and behaviors towards carbonate scales and water wetting. It is seen that (1) the anti-scaling response can differ profoundly among novel polymer composite coatings and DLC coatings, (2) through additions of small percentages of inorganic fillers, the new polymer composite coatings can be hardened substantially with some unavoidable tradeoffs in anti-scaling and low-frictional behaviors. Further, one among two tested DLC coating has shown surprisingly good anti-scaling behavior despite a limited hydrophobicity. Overall, this investigation has not been able to concurrently improve all desirable coating properties; however, engineering directions for formulating newer coatings have been found and several new coatings are now expected to outperform common oilfield coatings currently in use.
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Michniewich, James J. "Field Experience with Corrosion of Computer Equipment." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85324.
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Abstract All electronic computer equipment is affected by water vapor, airborne particulates and parts per billion quantities of corrosive gases. A study of field problems has been made over the last several years by monitoring the actual computer site environments and doing laboratory tests on filters, modules and disk products. This study has revealed how the many environmental variables interact with each other and how they effect certain parts of the computers and disks. Our equipment has had design changes incorporated so that it can survive in marginal contaminated sites. Severely contaminated sites would require the customer to chemically filter or isolate the computer site from the contamination source. The ultimate value of this study was to influence design improvements, specify site environmental limits, to train field personnel to recognize potential corrosive sites, and how to protect computer electronic equipment. This paper will use a small percentage of the field studies to show how the corrosive variables actually effect computer equipment.
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Borenstein, S. W., and D. C. White. "Influence of Welding Variables on Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel, Weldments." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89183.
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Abstract Biofilms develop on metallic surfaces in contact with natural waters. Biofilms can contain microorganisms which accelerate corrosion. The chemical composition and microstructure of weldments, as produced by welding processes and heat treatment, can influence the degree of accelerated corrosion. It may be possible to avoid costly pitting failures if the weldment could be less susceptible to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by proper selection of filler metal, welding process variables, or heat treatment. Field testing and subsequent laboratory electrochemical analyses were conducted to examine the role of welding and heat treatment variables on MIC of austenitic stainless steel weldments. Pipe specimens were fabricated (GTAW) of both 304L and 316L for field testing. Filler metals were selected to produce three percentages of ferrite content (low, medium, and high). Weldments of each ferrite content were evaluated in both as- deposited and solution-annealed conditions. Field testing involved exposure of the weld specimens for approximately one year to a small trickle of water directly from a well known to produce MIC. Mounds indicating biomass formation appeared on the welds after two weeks, exposure. Laboratory electrochemical analyses involved measurements of corrosion potentials as a function of time and critical pitting potentials for weld and base metal samples in microbial solutions.
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Paterlini, Luca, Luca Casanova, Giorgio Re, Marco Ormellese, and Fabio Bolzoni. "A Comparison among Different Electrochemical Hydrogen Charging Methods Tested on Low Alloy Steels." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-18866.
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Abstract The current energy demand and the need to contain carbon dioxide emissions require the adoption of new energy vectors. Based on that, a progressively increasing percentage of gaseous hydrogen will be filled inside natural gas transportation pipeline systems, thus requiring a rigorous material compatibility assessment. It is well known how carbon and low alloy steels, may suffer hydrogen damage and hydrogen embrittlement, resulting in the reduction of toughness and ductility. The present study has been carried out in order to compare three different electrochemical methods to charge H into low-alloy steels (ASTM A 182 F22 and AISI 4140) samples presenting typical dimensions used for fracture mechanics tests. The study of the effect of different H recombination poisoners indicated As2O3 as the preferable choice in terms of H content and reproducibility.
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Aga, Zelalem, and LeAnn Faidley. "Characterization of the Magnetostriction of Magnetorheological Elastomers." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-516.
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Magnetorheological Elastomers (MREs) are polymer composites comprised of an elastomer matrix material with a filler of magnetic particles. The interaction of the filler particles when exposed to a magnetic field can result in a change in stiffness and a strain. However, the main focus of previous research has been on field induced change in stiffness. The goal of this study is therefore to characterize the magnetostriction (field induced strain) of these materials. The measurement of the magnetostriction of MRE was carried out by placing the specimens in a magnetic field produced by a solenoid coil and measuring the resulting strain using a capacitive sensor. A one cycle sinusoidal voltage was input to the solenoid coil that surrounded the MRE specimen to produce the magnetic field. In order to study the effect of mass percentage of iron filler particles on magnetostriction, specimens with different iron filler composition varying from 10 to 30% were produced. The effect of bulk stiffness of the specimen and the magnitude of applied magnetic field on magnetostriction properties has also been studied. The results reveal that increasing the mass percentage of iron in the specimen increases the magnitude of the magnetostriction. In addition, the magnetostriction of MRE showed dependence on the level of applied magnetic field and on the bulk stiffness of the MRE specimens.
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Le, Anh Thang, and Nguyen Manh Tuan. "Determine the percentage of Recovering FCC Spent Catalysts as Mineral Filler in the Asphaltic Concrete Mixture." In 2020 5th International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gtsd50082.2020.9303144.
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Benvenuto, L. "Influence of silica aerogel filler on strength-to-weight ratio of carbon/epoxy composite made by vacuum resin infusion." In Italian Manufacturing Association Conference. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902714-44.
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Abstract. Thermoset matrix composites are a competitive solution in high-performance applications due to their superior characteristics. Several previous studies have shown that the addition of particles to thermosetting resins - particularly epoxy resins, which are currently the most widely used - can improve many of the physical properties of composites. In this context, this study aims to investigate the effect of silica aerogel content on the mechanical and weight properties of composites made via vacuum infusion. The results have shown that the strength-to-weight ratio increases with increasing filler percentage. However, the experiments also made it possible to recognise process limits, which occur when the percentage of aerogel in the resin exceeds 2%.
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Parai, Devlina, Vindu Gautam, Vikas Upadhyay, and Joy Prakash Misra. "A Study on Water Absorption Behavior of Jute and Ramie Hybrid Composites with and without SiC Filler." In International Conference on Frontiers in Desalination, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences for Sustainable Development & Annual Congress of InDA. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.161.4.
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Natural fiber reinforcements have attracted interest in sustainable manufacturing as a replacement for synthetic fibers in polymer composites. In this study, two natural fibers – jute and ramie were reinforced in three different proportions with epoxy resin and hardener to fabricate polymer matrix composites. Silicon Carbide (SiC) was used as a filler material in the three different compositions with jute and ramie fibers. All the composite specimens were fabricated using the hand-lay-up technique. The water absorption property of the fabricated composites was examined. Test results indicate that jute and ramie fiber composite with epoxy resin possesses high water absorption properties; further addition of SiC as filler material into the composite fabrication shows a decrease in water absorption percentage. The work also presents linear regression models (LRA) for forecasting the natural composites' water absorption behavior.
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Hanna Al Nasir, Waleed Asim, Manar Abd Ul-Jabbar Najim, and Ali N. Abdulkareem. "Addition effect of partially stabilized zirconia (ZrO2.Y2O3) filler on some properties of unsaturated polyester resin base matrix composite for In-Vivo applications." In The 3rd International Conference on Engineering and Innovative Technology. Salahaddin University-Erbil, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31972/iceit2024.023.
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Polyester-based materials are established options, concerning the production of bone fixation apparatuses as well as the apparatuses in routine clinical application. The objective of present work is to assess the influence of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) particles incorporation using 5.4%wt. of Yittria particles (ZrO2.Y2O3) on some mechanical properties and water absorption of unsaturated polyester, as well as to establish which features of such material provide the best outcomes aiming their biomedical implementation. The effect of added ceramic filler of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) (ZrO2.Y2O3) on the tensile strength, hardness, impact strength, and the water absorption percentage of the unsaturated polyester resin base composite, was studied at the weight fractions of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) % wt. and the particle size < 53 µm. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity reached their peak values at a 2% weight of PSZ. In contrast, impact strength, hardness, and water absorption percentage exhibited their highest values at higher PSZ ratios. The addition of PSZ particles resulted in a decrease in elongation percentage overall.The addition of PSZ particles at a certain amount manifested a positive influence upon the unsaturated polyester improving their utilization in the medical field, particularly if some anatomical areas require higher materials strength, giving long life for the rehabilitation, and providing the potential for improving the clinical performances of the fracture fixation apparatuses.
Reports on the topic "Filler percentage"
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O'Neill, H. B., S. A. Wolfe, and C. Duchesne. Ground ice map of Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330294.
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This Open File presents national-scale mapping of ground ice conditions in Canada. The mapping depicts a first-order estimate of the combined volumetric percentage of excess ice in the top 5 m of permafrost from segregated, wedge, and relict ice. The estimates for the three ice types are based on modelling by O'Neill et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019), and informed by available published values of ground ice content and expert knowledge. The mapping offers an improved depiction of ground ice in Canada at a broad scale, incorporating current knowledge on the associations between geological and environmental conditions and ground ice type and abundance. It provides a foundation for hypothesis testing related to broad-scale controls on ground ice formation, preservation, and melt. Additional compilation of quantitative field data on ground ice and improvements to national-scale surficial geology mapping will allow further assessment and refinement of the representation of ground ice in Canada. Continued research will focus on improving the lateral and vertical representation of ground ice required for incorporation into Earth system models and decision-making. Spatial data files of the mapping are available as downloads with this Open File.
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Parameswaran, Naveen Kumar, Everardo González, Ewa Burkicz-Galerne, Malte Braack, and Klaus Wallmann. Global Prediction Of Total Organic Carbon In Marine Sediments Using (Software) Deep Neural Networks (nn-toc). GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/sw_3_2024.
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We create a deep neural network based approach for the geospatial predicition of total organic carbon percentages in marine sediments. The code in the repository includes jupyter notebooks and python files to pre-process the data, train the models and post-process the outputs.
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Wright, Laverne C., Kristin Williams, and Elizabeth J. Willis. 1999 Survey of Active Duty Personnel: Administration, Datasets, and Codebook. Appendix G: Frequency and Percentage Distributions for Variables in the Survey Analysis Files. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399482.
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McMaughan, Darcy, Ifedioranma O. Anikpo, Scott Horel, and Jennifer Ozmetin. Post-Acute Skilled Nursing Care Availability in Rural United States. Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/1969.1/201261.
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This study explores factors related to post-acute skilled nursing care utilization in rural areas of the U.S. The analyses uses county-level Area Health Resource Files, National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural codes, and data from the Flex Monitoring Team database. We found counties lacking post-acute skilled nursing care were more likely to be noncore, sparsely populated, and less impoverished counties. The elderly population percentage, number of hospitals with high utilization rates, and Hispanic population percentage were not significantly associated with the availability of post-acute skilled nursing care. This research shows that portions of rural America are possibly skilled nursing deserts, thus lacking the physical presence of facilities to provide post-acute skilled nursing care. This potentially affects more than 740,000 rural residents, among them about 127,000 elderly individuals, residing in 153 rural counties.
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Elacqua, Gregory, Leidy Gómez, Thomas Krussig, Carolina Méndez, and Christopher Neilson. The Potential of Smart Matching Platforms in Teacher Assignment: The Case of Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004476.
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This paper studies the potential of personalized "smart" information interven- tions to improve teacher assignment results in the context of a centralized choice and assignment system (CCAS) in Ecuador. Specifically, we focus on the impact that a personalized non-assignment risk warning, coupled with a list of "achiev- able" teaching position recommendations, had on teacher applications in the “I Want to Become a Teacher” selection process. We study the causal effect of the intervention on teachers school choices, assessing its impact on the equilibrium probability of being assigned and on the overall results of the selection process, both in terms of the percentage of filled vacancies and the selection scores of as- signed teachers. We find that treated teachers, in equilibrium, are much more likely to modify their application and obtain an assignment. This result highlights the potential of similar information interventions in other contexts. We furthermore present evidence that the intervention led to increased overall assignment rates and selection scores.
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Elacqua, Gregory, Leidy Gómez, Thomas Krussig, Luana Marotta, Carolina Méndez, and Christopher Neilson. The Potential of Smart Matching Platforms in Teacher Assignment: The Case of Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004527.
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This paper studies the potential of personalized "smart" information interventions to improve teacher assignment results in the context of a centralized choice and assignment system (CCAS) in Ecuador. Specifically, we focus on the impact that a personalized non-assignment risk warning, coupled with a list of "achievable" teaching position recommendations, had on teacher applications in the “I Want to Become a Teacher” selection process. We study the causal effect of the intervention on teachers school choices, assessing its impact on the equilibrium probability of being assigned and on the overall results of the selection process, both in terms of the percentage of filled vacancies and the selection scores of as- signed teachers. We find that treated teachers, in equilibrium, are much more likely to modify their application and obtain an assignment. This result highlights the potential of similar information interventions in other contexts. We furthermore present evidence that the intervention led to increased overall assignment rates and selection scores.
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Tan, Li, Qiong Liu, Yun Chen, et al. Efficacy of sonic activation techniques on tubular dentin sealer penetration：A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0116.
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Review question / Objective: Is sonic activation techniques more effective than conventional needle irrigation for the tubular dentin sealer penetration. The included study was a randomized controlled trial. Eligibility criteria: A comprehensive search was conducted for all published studies evaluating efficacy of percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration, following the use of SI and standardized irrigants (NaOCl and EDTA). Because this can hardly be measured clinically, only confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies were selected owing to wide use of this methodology for evaluating tubular dentin sealer penetration. The studies using previously filled roots or animal teeth, artificial debris, and plastic blocks, and studies measuring the penetration of tubular dentin sealers in lateral root canals, isthmus, or artificial grooves were excluded to maintain the standardized sample selecting and measuring (Virdee et al. 2018). The search was limited to articles published between January 2000 and June 2022 to ensure conclusions were drawn from contemporary data. There are no language restrictions on filtering articles to ensure the integrity of included data.
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Ye, Feifei. Validity, Reliability, and Concordance of the Duolingo English Test. Duolingo, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.46999/eixn6416.
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Duolingo has developed a computer adaptive test of English competency for non-native English learners. This research study of the validity and reliability of the Duolingo English Test was independently conducted from February-April of 2014. The study lasted for approximately eight weeks. Participants were recruited from Duolingo users who studied English, international students in several United States universities, and people who took Test of English as Foreign Language (TOEFL) at several TOEFL centers in China. Participants were at least 18 years of age and had taken the TOEFL within the last 18 months. Participants filled out a survey in the beginning of the study to provide information of their demographics such as age, gender, native language, and education background, experience in learning English, and most importantly, the date and location of taking the TOEFL iBT as well al their TOEFL scores. The participants were directed to complete the Duolingo English Test at the end of the survey. Two weeks later, the participants were instructed via email to fill out a second survey and the Duolingo English Test for the second time. Main results: • Participants’ scores on the Duolingo English Test correlated substantially with their TOEFL total scores, and moderately with TOEFL section scores, with higher correlations for the TOEFL Speaking and Writing sections. This provides criterionrelated evidence of validity of the Duolingo test scores. • Participants’ scores on the first Duolingo English Test correlated highly with their scores on a second test two weeks later, indicating that Duolingo test scores are reliable with a good test-retest reliability coefficient. • Duolingo English Test scores were linked with TOEFL total scores to find the comparable scores from the two tests that have similar percentile rank. Duolingo English Test scores are on a scale of 0–100 and TOEFL scores are on a scale of 0–120. For international students to apply for studying in US universities, the minimum cut-off score of TOEFL iBT is 80 and a more selective cut-off score is 100, corresponding to scores 50 and 72 respectively on the Duolingo English Test.
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Walmsley, Terrie. Long Run Simulations With GTAP: Illustrative Results from APEC Trade Liberalisation. GTAP Technical Paper, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp09.
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In static applied general equilibrium models, the exogenous/endogenous split between variables (or closure) is used to infer the time frame over which the effects of a shock are simulated. This paper introduces a long-run closure for the GTAP model (Hertel and Tsigas, 1997) and uses this closure to simulate and compare the short-run and long-run effects of Asia-Pacific trade liberalisation. The approach explored here incorporates some relatively minor changes to existing GTAP theory in order to define a steady state in which growth rates of all real variables are uniform. Such uniformity must apply in the initial database (as well as in the post-shock solution). So to implement the new long run in GTAP a new initial database must first be created. Details concerning the creation of the new database are given, and results under the new approach are compared with those obtained under the old. The emphasis of this paper is on the development of a long-run closure in which the percentage change form equations of the model and the relationships between the levels variables in the GTAP database are consistent. Further research is required into these types of long-run closures to incorporate changes in ownership of capital to ensure that changes in welfare are adequately modelled. In the results reported here, GDP is not a useful guide to national welfare. The long-run closures introduced here are also compared with another comparative static long-run closure developed for GTAP by Francois, MacDonald and Nordström (1996). Technical Paper Number 9 can be downloaded in PDF format. To print this you will need the Adobe Acrobat Reader. For those interested in replicating the results in this technical paper, an associated zip file can be downloaded. The zip file includes a readme file with detailed instructions.
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Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2036.
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COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.