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1
Fard, Zohreh Ghafoori, Mohammad Mehdi Khabiri, and Pooya Afkhamy Meybodi. "The Effect of Using Ceramic Waste Powder as a Filler on the Performance of Bitumen Mastic and Hot Asphalt Mix." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 4 (2022): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.507.
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The use of raw resources is increasing due to the continuous increase of world population and rapid industrialization; while natural resources are being depleted day by day. The use of waste or manufactured materials in road construction has significant environmental and economic benefits. In this study, the use of ceramic powder as mineral filler in hot asphalt mix as an alter- native method to traditional crushed stone was investigated. The optimal amount of bitumen was determined using Marshall Mix Design method or using four different amounts of bitumen 4.5%, 5% and 5.5%. With the optimal amount of bitumen, two different types of corroded mineral fillers, ceramic and stone powder with three different filler ratios (4%, 6%, and 8%) were used to prepare asphalt mixture samples. The samples were subjected to Marshall Resistance Test, flow, determination of empty space percentage and percentage of empty space filled with bitumen and the results were compared. Also, to evaluate the type and amount of filler on the performance of bitumen, penetration degree test, softening point and ductility test of pure bitumen and bitumen containing two materials of calcareous filler and ceramic powder with different percentages were performed. The results show that the Marshall and flow strength of mixtures containing calcareous filler is about 5% higher and 12% less than the mixture containing the waste filler, respectively, and with increasing the percentage of filler in asphalt samples, the average degree of penetration and elasticity are about 30% and 4.5%, respectively decreases and softening point increases 7%; These changes are more severe in asphalt samples containing calcareous fillers. In general, it can be concluded that ceramic waste powder can be used in asphalt mixture as a mineral filler to replace crushed rock dust, because the use of this material as filler in road construction is appropriate in terms of economic and environmental factors.
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Amin, L. Muhamad Nadhli, Hanafi Ismail, and O. Nadras. "Comparative Study of Bentonite Filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber and Carbon Black Filled NBR Composites Properties." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 3 (2018): 5468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.15.3.2018.5.0420.
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This paper determines the potential of bentonite to replace the commonly used carbon black as filler in synthetic rubber composite product. Thus, the study made by comparing the results of curing, tensile thermal and morphological properties of bentonite and carbon black filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites. The result of the tensile strength (TS), modulus at 100 % elongation (M100) and modulus at 300 % elongation (M300) for both bentonite (Bt) and carbon black (CB) filled NBR composites increased as the filler loading increased. The elongation at break (Eb) for Bt followed the same trend but not for NBR/CB composites. At similar filler loading, CB filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites demonstrated higher TS, M100, M300, and Eb compared to the Bt filled NBR composites. As the filler loading increased, the swelling percentage decreased for both types of fillers. However, at similar filler loading, the swelling percentage of CB filled NBR (NBR/CB) is lower than the Bt filled NBR (NBR/Bt). Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the tensile fractured surface of NBR/CB composites exhibits better filler dispersion and more tear lines compared to the NBR/Bt composites.
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Raja, R. Satheesh, K. Manisekar, and V. Manikandan. "Effect of Carbon Black and Fly Ash Fillers on Tensile Properties of Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.26.
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Fibre reinforced polymer composites play an incredible role in almost all spheres of day to day life and the field of carbon composites is one of the prime research area in recent decade. Polymers are mostly reinforced with fibre or fillers to obtain better mechanical properties. The properties of the polymer composites can be improved largely by varying the type of filler/fibre materials and its volume percentage. Composites properties depend on the size, shape and other physical properties of the reinforcements. A relative easy way to improve the mechanical properties of a polymer is the addition of filler materials. In all particulate filled systems, the adhesion between the matrix and filler plays a significant role in determining the key properties such as strength and toughness. The mechanical properties of composites are also influenced by the filler’s nature, size and distribution profile, aspect ratio, volume fraction, the intrinsic adhesion between the surfaces of filler and polymer. In this paper, the effect of filler material on mechanical properties of E-Glass fibre reinforced polymer has been studied out by varying filler materials. For these study three different types of specimens were prepared, viz FRP without filler material, the FRP with 10 volume percentages of carbon black and the FRP with 10 volume percentage of Fly ash as filler material. The polyester composites were fabricated by hand-layup method. Mechanical properties of the specimens are analyzed using computerized Universal Testing Machine as per ASTM D 638 standards. The resulting behavioral patterns of the FRP with filler material are listed and compared to those of the FRP without filler material. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, percentage of elongation, yield strength, Poisson’s ratio and percentage reduction in area were found out.
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Mustafa, Dalia M. T., and Sarkawt Rostam. "Friction and Wear Resistance for Polyetheretherketone Filled with Different Filler Materials: A Comparative Study." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (2017): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.55.
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Friction and wear behavior of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) filled with different filler composites were compared. The comparisons were made for different scholar research works which were published between 1987 – 2017.The comparison took place between different filler composites such as carbon fiber (CF) reinforced Polyetheretherketone, nanometer Al2O3, nanometer SiC, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled PEEK, nanometer ZrO2, nanometer SiO2, nanometer Si3N4, CuS, short fiber reinforced PEEK composites, PEEK-CF30, GO-Si and Graphite composites.The friction and wear were studied according to different factors of the filler composites such as plasma treated PEEK, volume percentage, weight percentage, sliding distance, surface of roughness, and size of particles.By this work we can understand the effect of some nanometer particles which act as fillers in polyetheretherketone, and by this comparison study we conclude that friction and wear properties can be decreased or increased or stay unchanged by increasing and decreasing the amount of fillers but it can be improved by adding different fillers with certain properties to obtain optimal results.
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Osabohien, Emmanuel, Ufuoma Soya, and Nduka Obichukwu Ojeifo. "Characteristics of natural rubber – carbonized pawpaw seed composites." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 8 (2020): 2951–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i8.23.
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The search for eco-friendly and less expensive fillers and additives has necessitated the use of renewable natural resources of plant origin in rubber compounding. This research work utilized carbonized pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds as filler in natural rubber compounds in a bid to determining the reinforcing potentials. The carbonized pawpaw seeds (CPS) and dried raw pawpaw seeds (RPS) were separately pulverized, screened with a 75 μm sized test sieve and incorporated into natural rubber, Standard Nigerian Rubber (SNR 10), loaded between 0 – 50 parts per hundred (Phr) of the rubber. The cure characteristics, physicomechanical properties as well as the percentage swelling characteristics of vulcanizates were measured as a function of filler loading and compared with the values obtained using industrial grade carbon black (N330) as a standard reinforcing filler. Results showed that the CPS and RPS filled SNR 10 influenced the cure characteristics and physicomechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates. The scorch and cure times of the vulcanizates decreased as filler loading is increased while maximum torque increased with increase in filler loading. Tensile strength and modulus at 100% strain for all SNR 10 filled vulcanizates increased to optimum level at 40 phr respectively, thereafter decreased, and elongation at break decreased as filler loading is increased. The hardness and abrasion resistance of the vulcanizates increased with increase in filler loading, while compression set and percentage swelling in both petroleum and aromatic solvents decreased as filler loading is increased. The vulcanizates tend to swell more in aromatic solvents than in petroleum solvents. Percentage swelling of the vulcanizates (N330 – SNR 10 < CPS – SNR 10 < RPS – SNR 10) and in the order benzene > toluene > kerosene > diesel solvents. The research work showed that CPS and RPS fillers exhibited considerable reinforcing potentials but somewhat inferior to carbon black, N330.
 Keywords: Natural rubber, pawpaw seeds, fillers, vulcanizates and reinforcement.
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Putra, Andhika, Tri Mulyono, and Yusfita Chrisnawati. "KAJIAN PARAMETER MARSHALL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH SERBUK KERANG HIJAU SEBAGAI FILLER CAMPURAN LAPIS ASPAL BETON." Menara: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 15, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jmenara.v15i1.18124.
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This inquiry aims to investigate whether the use of green mussels shell powder as an alternate filler in Laston mix can meet the Marshall parameter or not. Method used in this inquiry is experimental method that examines Marshall parameter at various percentages of green mussels shell powder use in which their level are 0%, 6,5%, 7,5%, and 8,5% as an alternate of half of filler. The experiment of green mussels shell powder is generate a maximum level of filler at 7,5% percentage with stability value in 987,478 kgs, flow value in 3,70 mm, Marshall Quotient value in 266,738 kgs/mm, Void in Mineral Aggregates value in 17,597%, Void Filled with Bitumen value in 71,958% and Void In the Mix value in 4,709%. By this result, it can be concluded that green mussels shell powder can be used as an alternate filler in AC-WC asphalt mix for heavy traffic road with 7,5% percentage of filler level.
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Dulebová, Ľudmila, Emil Spišák, Branislav Duleba, František Greškovič, and Tomasz Garbacz. "Characterization of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PP/Mineral Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.241.
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The paper presents the impact of the use of fillers on the mechanical properties of composites with polymeric matrix from polypropylene (PP). Two main types of mineral fillers - talc and calcium carbonate - were used for experiments. PP composites of different percentage filler in matrix PP were compounded with twin-screw extruder and then injection molding. Properties of composites were investigated by tensile test and thermal analysis. Tensile strength was performed to determine and compare the mechanical properties of the unfilled PP and filled PP with various percentages of fillers. Thermal analysis by thermogravimetric was performed on the tested materials - weight loss, glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition, melting temperature.
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Gupta, Anu. "Synthesis and Erosion Wear Analysis of Short Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Filled with Ceramic Fillers." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 6, no. 2 (2018): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2018070104.
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Hybrid natural fiber reinforced composites with ceramic fillers has been fabricated. Two ceramic fillers (Alumina and Silicon Carbide) have been used for the synthesis of composites and the samples have been fabricated with hand layup technique. 10% and 20% weight percentage of filler materials have been used for the different sets of composite samples. Erosion wear analysis of these composite samples has been carried out at different impingement angles (30,45,60,75, and 90) with varying impact velocities (48 m/s, 70 m/s, 82 m/s, and 109 m/s) and with varying erodent size (108, 125,150, 180µm). Results for the composites with and without filler have been compared. It has been observed that composites filled with particulate filler shows improvement in wear resistance properties as compared to composites without filler. Among the two fillers, Al2O3 has shown better resistance as compared to silicon carbide. A scanning electron microscope has been used to study the morphology of eroded surfaces and the mode of material removal.
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Sasongko, Riyan Nur. "PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN FILLER SEMEN DENGAN FILLER KAPUR PADA KARAKTERISTIK CAMPURAN AC-WC AKIBAT PENGARUH MASA PERENDAMAN AIR." Jurnal Civil Engineering Study 3, no. 01 (2023): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/10.34001/ces.03012023.12.
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Roads are one of the most essential transportation infrastructure for the advancement of public welfare and life improvement. As for an attempt to improve the quality of road pavement (asphalt), one of them is by adding fillers or fillers of cement and lime to get good quality asphalt pavement. This research will add filler with a percentage of cement and lime filler ranging from 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, and there is also a soaking period of the samples that will be made with this percentage with a sample soaking period ranging from 0 to 3 days of soaking period to know the effect of the soaking period on the strength of the asphalt bricks sample with these percentage variations. Using the marshall quiotient method, the results obtained that asphalt with additional cement filler is still within specifications, while for asphalt soaking with lime filler experiences high stiffness and cracks easily
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Nwokoye, J.N., Okoye, P.A.C., and Chris-Okafor, P.U. "Cassava Peel - Cowpea Hull Blended Agro-Waste Fillers: Effect on Mechanical, Morphological and Degradation Properties of Polypropylene." International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science 13, no. 11 (2024): 72–78. https://doi.org/10.51583/ijltemas.2024.131108.
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Abstract: This study is aimed at harnessing the effect of cassava peel and cowpea hull blended agro-waste on the mechanical, morphological and degradation properties of polypropylene and recycled polypropylene. Fine powders of mesh size of 75µm cassava peel and cowpea hull were homogeneously mixed at the ratio of 50:50 to form the hybrid filler. The virgin pellets of PP and recycled polypropylene (rPP) were filled with varying weight percentages (5, 10, 15, 20) of the blended filler and the composites produced via injection moulding technique. The mechanical properties; tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, hardness, compressive strength, and shear modulus were studied according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The morphological properties were studied with a Scanning Electron Microscope at 10,000 magnifications. The degradation study was achieved by soil burial method for one hundred and eighty (180) days period. The results of the mechanical properties showed increased tensile strength, hardness, compressive strength and shear modulus while the percentage elongation at break decreased as the filler load increases. The micrographs showed that the virgin PP has better adhesion and interfacial bonding with the filler than the rPP. Biodegradation test revealed a reduction in the mass of the composites after one hundred and eighty (180) days burial period indicating that the composite is degradable. From the findings, the cassava peel-cowpea hull blended filler can be used in materials where stiffness and strength is required. Hence, it is suggested that agro-wastes such as cassava peel and cowpea hulls could be used as fillers in production of degradable plastics as they are readily available, cheap and easy to use.
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J. N., Nwokoye,, Okoye, P.A.C., and Chris-Okafor P. U. "Impact of Hybrid Biomass Fillers on the Physico-Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Utility Polymers." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. IX (2024): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.909046.
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The impact of cassava peel-rice husk hybrid fillers on the physico-mechanical and degradation properties of utility polymers were studied. Fine powders of cassava peel and rice husk of 75µm mesh size were homogeneously mixed at the ratio of 1:1 to form the hybrid filler. The virgin crystalline pellets of Low-Density Polyethylene and Polypropylene were filled with varying weight percentages (5, 10, 15, and 20) of the hybridized filler and the composites produced via the injection moulding technique at 288oC. The mechanical properties were studied according to ASTM standards. The surface morphological properties and thermal properties were studied with Scanning Electron Microscope and Differential Scanning Calorimeter respectively. The results of the mechanical properties showed improved tensile strength, compression strength and hardness as the filler load increases till optimum filler load was attained, while the percentage elongation at break decreased with increase in filler load. The shear modulus was found to be irregular. The creep behaviour with the PP composites was irregular but linear with LDPE composites. The solvent imbibition showed no increase in water, but less than 1% increase in toluene. The DSC result showed the hybrid filler had positive impact on LDPE composite but no effect on PP composite. The micrographs showed improved properties as the filler loading increases. Biodegradation test in soil revealed a reduction in the mass of the composites after a 6- month burial period indicating that the composite is degradable and eco- friendly. From the results, the cassava peel-rice husk hybrid filler can be employed in formulation of polymers where strength, water resistance and biodegradability is required such as plastic tiles. Thus, it is suggested that agro-wastes such as cassava peel and rice husk could be used as fillers in production of degradable plastics as they are accessible, cheap, easy to use and eco-friendly.
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M, Kabir S. "Computational and Experimental Investigation & Analysis on the Effect of Milled Basalt Fibre Fillers on Static Flexural Properties of the Natural Fibre Composites for Aerospace and Automobile Industrial Applications." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 02 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem41297.
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Academic and industry researchers are focused on developing a material that satisfies various parameters such as durability, manufacturability, low cost, lightweight, adaptability, high strength, bio-degradability, etc. to meet the current day trends across aerospace and automotive industries. In engineering and technology, fiber-reinforced matrix composites and their applications are extensive. The addition of fillers (both natural and synthetic) along with matrix and fibers is considered to be a better option to increase the efficiency and performance of the composite materials. Recently, researchers have focussed on adding fillers along with matrix and its hybridization to lift the composite properties and applications. This research paper describes the computational and experimental investigation & analysis on the effect of milled basalt fibre fillers on static flexural properties of the natural fibre composites for aerospace and automobile applications. As a first step, an optimized milled filler percentage is examined by incorporating the basalt milled filler into the epoxy laminates from 0.5% to 3% weight percentages concerning epoxy laminates. Finally, the 1% filler incorporated epoxy laminates showed better results than the base samples. Then, the 1% milled basalt filler material was incorporated into basalt fiber and areca fiber with epoxy resin and hardener to make the composite laminates for static testing. The static testing was carried out with the help of a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) i.e. the three-point bending test. The filler-incorporated basalt and areca nut epoxy composite laminates show higher flexural properties than the base samples with 0% filler material. The project work was also carried out with the help of ANSYS software with proper filler material and epoxy composite laminates for static testing. The flexural properties of the filler-incorporated composite laminates show higher properties than the base samples. Results reveal that the flexural properties of the composite laminates from experimental testing and software analysis are of less error percentage difference. Key Words: Composite materials & structures, Matrix, Fibres, Fillers, Mechanical properties, Static testing, Flexural properties and ANSYS
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Mousa, T. M., Loai Nasrat, and Ziad M. Ali. "INVESTIGATION OF FLASHOVER VOLTAGE FOR EPOXY COMPOSITES FILLED WITH VARIOUS FILLERS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 9 (2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i9.2018.288.
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Minerals fillers such as Magnesium Oxide (MgO), Alumina Trihydrate (ATH), Calcium Carbonate (CaCo3), and Silica (SiO2) were used to produce epoxy composite for high and medium voltage in electrical application. Effects of types and percentage weight of filler on flashover voltage properties of epoxy resin were determined. Cylindrical rod epoxy samples with different lengths (10, 20, and 30mm) and filler types have been prepared, these fillers with 30% percentage loading of epoxy samples by weight. Flashover voltage of composite material was measured under various environmental conditions, to check the accuracy the test was carried out for five times on each sample under the same condition. Results showed that flashover voltage of composite improved with epoxy/ATH filler at all lengths and conditions, also flashover voltage for samples in dry condition is higher than samples with other conditions at all filler and lengths.
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Mohamed., T. M. Mousa, S. Nasrat Loai., and M. Ali Ziad. "INVESTIGATION OF FLASHOVER VOLTAGE FOR EPOXY COMPOSITES FILLED WITH VARIOUS FILLERS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 9 (2018): 50–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1443545.
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Minerals fillers such as Magnesium Oxide (MgO), Alumina Trihydrate (ATH), Calcium Carbonate (CaCo3), and Silica (SiO2) were used to produce epoxy composite for high and medium voltage in electrical application. Effects of types and percentage weight of filler on flashover voltage properties of epoxy resin were determined. Cylindrical rod epoxy samples with different lengths (10, 20, and 30mm) and filler types have been prepared, these fillers with 30% percentage loading of epoxy samples by weight. Flashover voltage of composite material was measured under various environmental conditions, to check the accuracy the test was carried out for five times on each sample under the same condition. Results showed that flashover voltage of composite improved with epoxy/ATH filler at all lengths and conditions, also flashover voltage for samples in dry condition is higher than samples with other conditions at all filler and lengths.
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Mohd Khushairi, Mohd Tanwyn, Safian Sharif, and Jaafar Sidek Mohd Ani. "Parameter Design for Hardness of Metal Filled Epoxy Matrix." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.152.
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Epoxy is blended with metal fillers to enhance its performance and application for tooling. Material used contains aluminium particles (Rencast CW47), blended with brass separately. Brass is added into the matrix based on 10%, 20% and 30% of the epoxy mix weight ratio. Using Taguchi method, controls factor such as pre-curing temperature (A), filler percentage (B), degassing time (C), curing time (D) and post curing temperature (E) are selected parameters in order to determine optimum conditions. Noise strategy is adopted for material cooling via ambient (N1) and oven temperatures (N2), which gave different hardness values of the epoxy composite. Optimum parameters were decided based on the prediction of S/N ratio, where A = Room temperature, B = 20%, C = 60 minutes, D = 14 hours and E = 1800C. The most significant control factor is de-gassing time for both fillers, and percentage of filler to weight ratio of epoxy mixture is optimum at 20%. It was found that brass gave higher mean hardness values, (Hv = 24.1) compared to copper (Hv = 22.7) and aluminium filled epoxy (Hv = 22.3) based on the prediction run, and suitable as additional filler to improve the surface toughness of epoxy matrix as inserts. Confirmation run was conducted according to the optimum parameters and validated the gain values for brass at 7.98. Fillers enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy matrix by increasing hardness of mould cavity and core. This work helped to design the best control factors to produce optimum hardness conditions for filled epoxy matrix.
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Hamdan, S., D. M. A. Hasihim, and M. Yusop. "Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR) Barium Ferrite (bafe12o19) Composites." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 21, no. 1 (2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.93.
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filled with 0-6 volume percentage of barium ferrite was performed using a Polymer Laboratory- Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyser (PL-DMTA) over a range of temperature from -100 to 100°C at 10hz. The results showed that the storage modulus (E') of the composites below the transition temperature increase with filler content up to ~3-4 volume percentage. Incorporation of the filler does not change the matrix glass transition that occurs around -40°C but the damping curve becomes broader with increasing filler content. The addition of filler in the compositedoes not affect the glass transition and melting temperature. The blend of TPNR and barium ferrite powder is only a physical mixture that does not act chemically.
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Das, Aditya Kumar, and Dharamveer Singh. "Effects of Regular and Nano Sized Hydrated Lime Fillers on Fatigue and Bond Strength Behavior of Asphalt Mastic." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 28 (2018): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118759064.
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The present study evaluates effects of regular sized hydrated lime (RHL) and nano sized hydrated lime (NHL) on fatigue and bond strength of asphalt mastic. The asphalt mastics were produced in the laboratory using AC-30 binder with different combinations of basalt–RHL, and basalt–NHL fillers. The dosages of RHL and NHL were selected as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of asphalt binder, and the percentage of basalt filler was adjusted accordingly. Filler to binder (F/B) ratio was selected as 0.8 (by mass ratio) for all mastic sample preparation. The fatigue damage behavior (number of cycles to fatigue damage/failure) of asphalt mastic was evaluated using a linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test. Further, the interfacial bond strengths of asphalt mastic and aggregate samples were evaluated using the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test. Overall test results indicate that mineralogy, surface area, and interaction properties of RHL and NHL fillers have a significant effect on fatigue, bond strength, and moisture damage performance of asphalt mastic. The results from the LAS test showed that NHL filler predominantly enhanced the fatigue life of asphalt mastic as compared with RHL filler. BBS test results imply that the contribution of NHL filler is significant over RHL filler in improving the bond strength and moisture damage resistance of asphalt mastic. Overall asphalt mastic with 20% NHL filler had better fatigue life, bond strength, and moisture damage performance over mastic with other percentages of RHL or NHL fillers.
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Hashim, Mohammad Firdaus Abu, Meor Ahmad Faris, Md Azree Othuman Mydin, et al. "Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique." Materials 15, no. 18 (2022): 6495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186495.
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This paper aims to find out the effect of different weight percentages of geopolymer filler in glass-reinforced epoxy pipe, and which can achieve the best mechanical properties and adhesion between high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer matrices. Different weight percentages and molarities of epoxy hardener resin and high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer were injected into the glass fiber. By manually winding filaments, composite samples were produced, and they were then allowed to cure at room temperature. To determine how well the geopolymer matrices adhere to the fiber reinforcement, the microstructure of the composites’ surfaces and perpendicular sections were examined. Maximum values of compressive strength and compressive modulus were 94.64 MPa and 2373.58 MPa, respectively, for the sample with a weight percentage of filler loading of 30 wt% for an alkali concentration of 12 M. This is a relatively wide range of geopolymer weight percentage of filler loading from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, at which we can obtain high compressive properties. By referring to microstructural analysis, adhesion, and interaction of the geopolymer matrix to glass fiber, it shows that the filler is well-dispersed and embedded at the fiber glass, and it was difficult to determine the differences within the range of optimal geopolymer filler content. By determining the optimum weight percent of 30 wt% of geopolymer filler and microstructural analysis, the maximum parameter has been achieved via analysis of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler. Fire or elevated temperature represents one of the extreme ambient conditions that any structure may be exposed to during its service life. The heat resistance or thermal analysis between glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe and glass-reinforced epoxy pipe filled with high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler was studied by investigating burning tests on the samples, which shows that the addition of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler results in a significant reduction of the melted epoxy.
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Romanenko, A. M., D. B. Shatko, A. A. Bakanov, and P. A. Strelnikov. "Influence of the grinding wheel recipe on the cutting force components during grinding." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338901003.
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The issues of the components of a grinding wheel recipe, namely, abrasive grains, bonds and various fillers on the cutting forces during grinding are considered in the article. The following types of fillers were studied: fused alumina microspheres, which are a non-burning hollow filler, glass microspheres used as a hollow melting filler, and a burning filler in the form of crushed fruit pits. On the basis of the obtained experimental data, generalized statistical models of the dependence of the magnitude of cutting forces during grinding on the percentage of grains, bond and fillers were developed. From the analysis of the pair correlation coefficients of the models of the grinding force components, it was concluded that the percentage of grains, bond, glass microspheres have the strongest effect on the cutting force sand the effect of fused alumina microspheres and fruit pits is negligible. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are formulated in the form of practical recommendations for reducing cutting forces.
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Hamzah, Khairul Amali, Yeoh Cheow Keat, Mazlee Mohd Noor, Teh Pei Leng, Shulizawat Aqzna Sazali, and Wan Mohd Wan Ibrahim. "The Effect of CuZnFe2O4 on Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of ABS Manufactured Using 3D Printer." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.148.
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The aim of this study is the development of the ABS-CuZnFe2O4 composites using 3D printer. In this study, the effect of filler loading on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity is examined. The result shows that at highest filler loading (14 wt%) the tensile strength was improved approximately 98 % while the Young’s modulus increased about 23 % compared to unfilled specimen. Meanwhile, the percentage of elongation decrease approximately about 49 % when filled with 14 wt% of filler. The CuZnFe2O4 filler shows a greater effect on hardness value of the composites around 498 % at maximum filler content. The thermal conductivity of the ABS increased up to 60 % at full capacity of filler.
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S M, Kabir. "The Mechanical Characterization of Recycled Milled Basalt Fiber Fillers on Flexural Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites for Sustainable Developments and High-Performance Industrial Applications." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem49119.
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Abstract— The aerospace, automotive, and energy industries can use fiber-reinforced polymer composites due to their high specific strength and stiffness. However, unexpected external impacts in work cause internal damage and residual strength loss in composite structures. Another ongoing issue is the sustainable management of composite materials' end-of-life. This research paper describes the mechanical characterization of recycled milled basalt fiber fillers on flexural properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites for Sustainable Developments and Industrial Applications. An optimized recycled milled fiber filler percentage is examined by incorporating the recycled ball-milled basalt fiber filler into the epoxy laminates from 0.5% to 3% weight percentages concerning epoxy laminates. Finally, the 1% filler incorporated epoxy laminates showed better results than the base samples. Then, the 1% recycled milled basalt fiber filler material was incorporated into basalt fiber and areca nut fiber with epoxy resin and hardener to make the composite laminates for flexural testing. The flexural testing was carried out with the help of an INSTRON Universal Testing Machine (UTM) i.e. the three-point bending test to determine the flexural characteristics. The recycled milled basalt fiber filler incorporated basalt and areca nut epoxy composite laminates show higher flexural properties than the base samples with 0% filler material. There is an increase of 96.51% and 22.78% in flexural strength (MPa) for basalt/epoxy and areca nut/epoxy filler incorporated polymer composites than the base samples. Through toughening mechanisms like filler/matrix interlocking, individual debonding, crack deflection, and bridging, micrographs captured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that recycled fillers provide a higher level of stiffness, better energy dissipation, less damaged area, and overall improved hardness. Thus, the fillers’ role in the resistance to damage propagation increases. This research helps improve composite material performance and sustainability. Keywords— polymer composites, recycled milled fillers, flexural properties, basalt fibre, sustainability
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Kuppusamy, Raghu Raja P., Swati Neogi, Santoshi Mohanta, Moganapriya Chinnasamy, Rajasekar Rathanasamy, and Md Elias Uddin. "Mechanical, Thermal, and Ablative Properties of Silica, Zirconia, and Titania Modified Carbon-Phenol Ablative Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 7, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7808587.
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The effect of nanozirconia, nanotitania, and fumed silica on the mechanical, thermal, and ablation behaviour of carbon-phenolic (C-Ph) composites is investigated. The inorganic nanofillers at different loading percentage are used to prepare nano-C-Ph panels by the compression moulding technique. The dispersion of nanofillers is confirmed through SEM analysis. After manufacturing of C-Ph laminates, the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness are evaluated and the effect of these fillers is investigated. Thermal conductivity, thermal erosion, and back wall temperatures were measured to understand the thermal and ablation behaviour of nano-C-Ph laminates. Additionally, the ablation mechanism is analysed by performing SEM analysis of partially and fully burnt composite laminates. The erosion resistance and burnout time of zirconia-C-Ph panels significantly improved with increase in filler loading percentage; however, the back wall temperature rises with filler loading. Titania-filled C-Ph panels show a better control over the back wall temperature but with a poor erosion control. Silica-filled composite panels have shown a balance between decreased back wall temperature with a reasonable erosion rate and burnout time.
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Sabarinathan, P., VE Annamalai, K. Rajkumar, and K. Vishal. "Effects of recovered brown alumina filler loading on mechanical, hygrothermal and thermal properties of glass fiber–reinforced epoxy polymer composite." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 9_suppl (2021): S1092—S1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211046780.
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This study investigates the efficiency of recovered brown alumina (RBA) particles filled in epoxy glass-fiber composites. The RBA particles were obtained from grinding wheel rejects with the help of the mechanical crushing process. Recovered particles finer than 120 grit were used as particulate filler for composite preparation. Composites were processed through a hand-layup technique by varying RBA filler loading percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) in a glass fiber–reinforced epoxy matrix. Physical, mechanical, water absorption, and thermal properties of the composites were tested experimentally. By suitable addition of RBA, it is possible to tailor the shore-D hardness, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and maximum degradation temperature. The 20%-filled RBA composite shows the maximum flexural strength of 382 MPa, and the shore-D hardness value was 85. The fracture surface shows a failure mechanism dominated by matrix cracking and debonding of fiber/particles from the interface. Hygrothermal testing of the RBA20-filled composite reveals 9% and 4% reduction in tensile and flexural properties. The thermal stability of the glass fiber–reinforced composite improves as the filler percentage increases. Maximum thermal stability of 435°C was observed in 20%-filled RBA polymer composite.
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Venkatesha, B. K., T. Deepak Kumar, K. P, Prashanth, et al. "Effect of cenosphere on moisture absorption performance of woven hybrid bamboo-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 12A (2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/30089.
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This paper presents the moisture absorption behaviour and its influence on mechanical properties of cenosphere filled hybrid bamboo-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites (BGFRECs). The hand lay-up technique has been adopted with various weight percentages (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) of cenosphere as a filler content. The moisture absorption tests conducted in distilled-water, and saline-water for 10 days at room temperature. With the help of ASTM standards, the moisture absorption and mechanical properties of these composites have been estimated. The tensile and flexural strengths found to increase when filler percentage increases in different environmental treatments. The obtained results revealed that the cenosphere filler loading has a great impact on the moisture absorption and mechanical properties of the hybrid BGFRECs. However, the influence of moisture absorption presented a substantial drop in the mechanical properties of all the hybrid composites.
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Ahmed J. Mohammed, Muhsen Chelab Muhsen, Fatima H. Malik, Mahir A. Jalal, and Ibrahim K. Ibrahim. "Study the effect of adding vulcanized rubber powder on the mechanical properties and fire retardant of polyurethane Sealant." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 29, no. 3 (2023): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56801/mme1004.
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The polyurethane Sealant (TRITOSIL H10 PU) mechanical and combustion characteristics were examined in this study as a function of the weight ratio of tire rubber powder (waste), with a particle volume of (150 μm). Elongation, tensile strength, Young's modulus, compressive strength, and rate of burning time were a few of the characteristics examined. The results showed that adding filler decreases the spaces between the chains of polymer, reflecting the polymer's high ability to withstand the stress imposed on it, that the degree of homogeneity between each of the fillers and polymers is high, and that increasing the percentage of fillers gives the prepared models a slight increase in hardness at a percentage increase (25%). Based on research into combustion resistance, The results of the experiments showed that increasing the amount of used filler has a positive impact on heat diffusion through the polymeric matrix and flame resistance. The use of filler as a filler has an impact on the properties of the polyurethane polymer, which has high mechanical properties. This increases tensile strength, which makes it appropriate to cover the flooring of indoor playgrounds, kids' playrooms, and other spaces.
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Gurau, Lidia, and Nadir Ayrilmis. "Effect of raw material composition of wood plastic composites on surface roughness parameters evaluated with a robust filtering method." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 4 (2018): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718759391.
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This study extensively investigated the surface roughness of injection molded wood plastic composites (WPCs) produced from different amounts of wood flour, polymer matrix, mineral filler, and other additives. A larger range of roughness parameters that used in the previous literature were obtained from nine different WPC compositions by using a robust filtering method (robust Gaussian regression filter) to have a better understanding of the overlaying quality of the WPC samples. Three melt flow index (MFI) of the polymer were tested (MFI 3.6, 12, and 25). It was found that WPCs produced with the polypropylene having a MFI value of 25 were the smoothest. It was noticed that not only the wood flour percentage matters but the combination of wood flour–mineral filler was also important. The WPC compositions with lower polymer amount in favor of more wood flour and mineral filler led to rougher surfaces. A decrease of wood flour in favor of increasing the mineral filler participation percentage had a surface smoothing effect. At the same wood flour content, a decrease in polymer combined with an increase in mineral filler led to rougher WPC surface. Among the tested WPC compositions, the smoothest surface was obtained in the specimens produced from 50% wood flour, 0% mineral filler, and around 40% polymer by weight. The results should be helpful to anticipate the effect on surface roughness of the percentage participation for each amount of the wood or mineral filler, polymer matrix, and additives in further development of WPC combinations.
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Dwi Pangga, Dwi Sabda Budi Prasetya, and Habibi. "Effect of Variations and Types of Filler on Compressive Strength and Density of CLC Light Bricks." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 1, no. 4 (2020): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v1i4.77.
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Abstract.
 
 In the process of producing light brick, there is ‘mixed foam’ agent to reduce the value of its density, therefore it can reduce the values of compressive strength. To reduce its density and increase the value of pressure, the variations and types of fillers must match the composition. The manufacture of light brick type CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) has been carried out with several variations and types of fillers to compare the values of compressive strength and density. The fillers are as follows: Water Hyacinth, Banana Midrib, and Wood Shavings based on gold processing waste (GPW). The compressive strength and density test results on various filler percentages are as follows: 1). Water hyacinth at the percentage of 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% has compressive strength: (2.43; 0.73; 0.69; 0.59; 0.65) MPa while the densities are ( 1.62; 1.20; 1.41; 1.13; 1.20) gr / cm3. 2). Banana midrib with variations are: 0-4 midribs has compressive strength: (2.43; 1.25; 1.68; 2.13; 1.32) MPa and its densities are (1.62; 1.29; 1.12; 1.16; 1.25) gr / cm3. 3). Wood shavings with percentage: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% have compressive strength: (2.43; 1.39; 2.04; 1.72) MPa and their densities: (1.62; 1, 21; 1.26; 1.20) gr / cm3. The results showed that the best compressive strength was produced by the filler from wood shavings with an average of 1.85 MPa and a density of 1.31 gr / cm3. The lowest density was obtained from the banana midrib filler which was 1.29 gr / cm3 with a compressive strength of 1.76 MPa. It can be concluded that light brick is best suited to wood shavings fillers.
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Hamedi, Gholam Hossein. "Comparing the Effect of Nanomaterial and Traditional Fillers on the Asphalt Mixture Properties." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 2 (2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091247.
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Several parameters affect asphalt mix performance against loading and environmental conditions. Minor changes in the filler amount or type can cause obvious changes in the asphalt mixture properties. Accordingly, in this research attempts have been made to optimally make asphalt mixture strong against loading and environmental conditions by changing the type, size and percentage of filler used in asphalt mixture. In this line, the effect of two types of cement and nano-silica fillers in two different percentages was investigated and compared as an alternative for part of the main filler in asphalt mixture samples made by two types of limestone and granite aggregate. Cement filler by 2% and 4% of the aggregate mass as the alternative for part of the main filler is added to stone materials before mixing with binder, but nano-silica filler by 2% and4 % of weight of the binder as the alternative for part of the main filler is added to binder and a modified and homogeneous binder is produced using a high speed mixer. In the following, considering the optimum binder content for each mixture, resilient modulus tests were conducted to determine the strength performance against loading and indirect tensile strength ratio was used to determine moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures. Results obtained from resilient modulus tests show that the use of nano-silica and cement has been capable of favorably improving the resilient modulus of samples containing these two types of fillers. The improvement of the resilient modulus of samples containing nano-silica is very significant. Additionally, the studies conducted based on the indirect tensile strength ratio show that both types of alternative fillers, especially cement has been capable of desirably improve the strength of asphalt mixtures against moisture damage.
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Ramalho, Amilcar, P. Vale Antunes, M. D. Braga de Carvalho, M. Helena Gil, and J. M. S. Rocha. "Mechanical Properties of Particle Reinforced Resin Composites." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.619.
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The objective of the present work is the evaluation of the contents of inorganic particles in the mechanical and tribological behavior of polymeric matrix composites. In order to control easily the production of the specimens, a polyester resin was used as matrix and silica particles were added as inorganic filler. The volumetric particle content was ranged from 0 to 46%. In order to understand the influence of the inorganic load was evaluated the mechanical and tribological behaviors for several percentage of particle content was evaluated. There are several applications of inorganic fillers where their volume percentage is important, namely in dentistry. In posterior restorative resin materials, the particles percentage in volume goes up to 50 or more. In most cases spherical and irregular shaped fillers are dispersed randomly. In the studied composites the filler has irregular shape therefore the connection between the matrix and the particles is more effective. Function of the shape, concentration degree and particle size of the filler the composite mechanical properties vary greatly. All of these factors influence the mechanical properties of the particlereinforced composite, namely: wear resistance, hardness, flexural modulus, flexure strength and toughness The morphology of the failure surfaces was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the results were widely discussed.
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Onyango, Winnie Atieno, and György Czél. "Strength evaluation and melt rheology of highly mineral filled polymer composites." Multidiszciplináris Tudományok 14, no. 4 (2024): 149–66. https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2024.4.13.
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This study investigated the effect of high mineral-filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The filler as natural zeolite highly affected the mechanical, rheological, and physical properties of the composites. The HDPE composite was extruded up to 60 weight percentage(wt%) to make it possible to use as heat sink material. The electron microscope showed that zeolite has homogeneous distribution inside the composite with zeolite increases even its high filled version. The results showed favorable rheological behavior of the composites that the zeolite has negligible effect on viscosity within the highly filled HDPE. The composites kept the shear thinning behavior in the high shear rate as well. The amount of zeolite filler content improved the mechanical properties of the composites with an increase in the content of the natural filler.
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Das, Aditya Kumar, and Dharamveer Singh. "Interfacial bond strength and moisture induced damage characteristics of asphalt mastic-aggregate system composed of Nano hydrated lime filler." International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 13, no. 6 (2020): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-6004-7.
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AbstractThe present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of a unique combination of fillers on interfacial bond strength and moisture-induced damage potential of asphalt mastic. One asphalt binder (AC-30), three fillers including Basalt (B), Hydrated Lime (HL), and Nano-Hydrated lime (NHL) were selected to prepare asphalt mastics for a wide range of filler-binder (f/b) ratio (0.6 to 1.2). The dosages of HL and NHL were considered 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of asphalt binder, and the dosage of B filler was adjusted to meet the respective f/b ratio. The interfacial bond strength and moisture-induced damage potential of asphalt mastic specimens were determined using the Bitumen Bond Strength (BBS) test. The BBS test parameters inferred that both B-HL and B-NHL filler combinations can enhance the bond strength and moisture damage resistance of asphalt mastic. Besides, asphalt mastic composed of B-NHL filler can be less susceptible to bond failure and moisture damage with improved adhesion and cohesion properties than B-HL filler. Additionally, asphalt mastic composed of a lower percentage (10%–15%) of NHL filler showed better bond strength and moisture damage resistance over mastic composed of a higher percentage (15%–20%) of HL filler. Asphalt mastic prepared with an f/b ratio less than 1.0 was found to be suitable to achieve better performance considering the moisture-induced damage properties. Grey relational analysis (GRA) method was used to analyze the correlation degree between filler properties and moisture damage properties of asphalt mastics. Based on the GRA results, Rigden voids and specific surface area are suggested to be the two most influential properties on the moisture-induced damage potential of asphalt mastic.
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Liu, Cheng-Ying, Akira Ishigami, Takashi Kurose, and Hiroshi Ito. "Evaluation of internal morphology and engineering properties of graphite-filled UHMWPE nanocomposites produced using a novel octa-screw kneading extruder." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 3 (2019): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0288.
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Abstract Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a very attractive polymer employed as a high performance material, while filler-reinforced composites have demonstrated its feasibility in various applications. Melt-mixing in an extruder is a key process in the development of polymer nanocomposites. Due to its high melt viscosity, dispersion of fillers is considered as a challenge in UHMWPE nanocomposites preparation process. In this work, we have prepared graphite-filled UHMWPE nanocomposites using a novel octa-screw melt kneading extruder. The engineering properties as well as the morphology of kneaded nanocomposites were characterized using tensile tester, friction and wear tester, scanning electron microscopy, optical profilemeter, polarized optical microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, etc. The experimental results suggested good dispersion of graphite in the UHMWPE nanocomposites, demonstrating the excellent capability of the octa-screw extruder in compounding the graphite-filled nanocomposites. The yield strengths of the nanocomposites increase by 10% (from 21.6 MPa to 23.8 MPa) with the addition of 2% graphite. When the filler percentage was increased to 20%, the yield strengths improved from 21.6 to 27.4 MPa (an increase of 26.8%) for the graphite-filled composites. Furthermore, the crystallinity of UHMWPE nanocomposites increased with the content of graphite fillers, while the pyrolysis temperature of the composites increased with the content of graphite fillers.
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Vinod Kumar, T., M. Chandrasekaran, P. Mohanraj, Ravishankar Balasubramanian, R. Muraliraja, and V. S. Shaisundaram. "Fillers preparation for polymer composite and its properties – a review." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (2018): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.13889.
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This paper is a review about the manufacture of polymer matrix composite by the filler materials, property and its preparation. Day by day the role of composite materials in industrial and household applications is increased. By using the variety of matrix, reinforcement and filler materials the polymer composite obtains from it. To improve the mechanical properties of the polymer composite, important role is played by filler materials. There is a unique property for each type of filler materials, which is altered by changing the percentage of filler materials. Filler materials important purpose is to reduce the cost of material and it increase the mechanical properties, that also use to increase surface finish and thermal property. In this paper, the elaboration of polymer materials and its uses are discussed, which held later the synthesis of polymer composite by different fillers. The filler properties, manufacture methods, polymer composite properties are discussed.
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Pachappareddy, Chiranjeevi, Chinmaya Prasad Padhy, and Srinivas Pendyala. "The Impact of Filler Made of Acacia Concinna Pods and Fiber Treatment on the Water Absorption Properties of Kenaf Fiber Hybrid Composites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2837, no. 1 (2024): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2837/1/012032.
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Abstract Various research on kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites (KFRPCs) hybridized with different filler materials have been carried out successfully in recent decades. However, there is still serious concern about their susceptibility to water absorption. The present study focuses on the water absorption properties of composites reinforced with kenaf fibers, which can have varying percentage filler additions and can be composed of fibres with or without chemical treatment. Kenaf fibres (treated and untreated), an epoxy polymer matrix, and different percentages of Acacia Concinna pod fillers (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) were used to fabricate the hybrid composites. A hand layup technique is used to fabricate neat hybrid composites. Later, composite samples are prepared as per the ASTM standard. The water absorption test was conducted by immersing the samples in distilled water for 15 days. After a twelfth day, the composite samples reached equilibrium and stopped absorbing water. According to the results of this investigation, treated fiber composites have a lower water intake character than untreated fiber composites. Although adding Acacia Concinna fillers improves mechanical characteristics, it slightly increases water absorption due to filler absorption.
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Nugraha, Edy, and Wini Tarmini. "Produksi Fillers dalam Ujian Berbicara Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 10 Kurikulum IGCSE: Tinjauan Psikolinguistik." Deskripsi Bahasa 6, no. 2 (2023): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/db.v6i2.9760.
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Speaking skill is the most important skill in learning a language as it reflects students' proficiency. Speaking differs from writing because speaking is a spontaneous activity and it involves the use of more fillers. This research explores the use of fillers in the bahasa Indonesia speaking test for Grade 10 students in the Cambridge IGCSE curriculum. A descriptive quantitative research method was applied with psycholinguistic and note-taking approaches. The research involves nine respondents from one international school who took the IGCSE exam. The findings revealed that non-lexical fillers constituted the highest percentage of sound fillers used at 67%, followed by word fillers at 27%, and phrase fillers at 6%. The most frequently used filler was ‘eee’ appearing 133 times, followed by ‘hmm’ 13 times. The most used filler words were 'apa' at 11 times and 'seperti' at nine times. The most common filler phrase was ‘menurut saya,’ appearing nine times. Regarding the filler function, the two most frequently used functions were hesitation (66%) and emphasis (22%). The high occurrence of hesitation fillers such as 'eee,' 'hmm,' and 'apa' implies that students experience anxiety during the speaking test. In addition, three functions of fillers imply disfluency and two functions imply the marker of discourse or communicative strategies.
 ===
 Keterampilan berbicara menjadi keterampilan yang sangat penting karena merupakan tanda keutuhan murid dalam mempelajari bahasa. Bahasa lisan berbeda dengan bahasa tulis karena bahasa lisan lebih sulit diatur dengan sifat spontan dan lebih banyak penggunaan filler. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana produksi filler dalam ujian berbicara bahasa Indonesia Kelas 10 kurikulum Cambridge IGCSE. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan psikolinguistik. Responden adalah 9 murid dari sekolah SA yang mengikuti ujian IGCSE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filler nonleksikal menempati filler yang paling sering muncul mencapai 67%, pengisi kata 27%, dan filler frasa 6%. Filler yang paling banyak muncul adalah ‘eee’ mencapai 133 dan kedua adalah ‘hmm’ mencapai 13. Filler kata yang paling banyak muncul adalah ‘apa’ 11 kali dan ‘seperti’ 9 kali. Filler leksikal frasa yang muncul paling banyak adalah ‘menurut saya’ sebanyak 9 kali. Kemudian dari fungsi filler, kedua fungsi yang paling banyak diproduksi peserta didik adalah fungsi alat keraguan/ jeda dan fungsi empati. Fungsi keraguan mencapai 66% sementara fungsi empati mencapai 22%. Tingginya kemunculan filler ‘eee’, ‘ehm’, ‘apa’ mengimplikasikan murid mengalami kecemasan ketika ujian berbicara. Tambahan pula, 3 fungsi filler yang muncul menandakan ketidaklancaran dan 2 fungsi filler menandakan komunikasi strategis atau penanda wacana.
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Mohamed Omar, Murad Salem, Hui Lin Ong, Hazizan Md Akil, N. A. Nik Nur Azza, M. Muhammad Safwan, and M. K. Anis Sofiah. "Thermal Properties of Polypropylene/Palm Kernel Shell Biocomposites: Effects of Amino Silane (APTES)." Materials Science Forum 803 (August 2014): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.803.250.
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Effects of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as coupling agent on thermal properties of Polypropylene/Palm Kernal Shell (PP/PKS) biocomposites were studied. PKS with different filler loading (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt %) were added into polypropylene matrix and were compounded using hot melt blending method. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) result shows a higher thermal stability of amino silane modified fillers (10% filler loading). Percentage of crystallinity for PP/PKS composites increased after adding amino silane due to better dispersion of filler and the ability of coupling agent to enhance compatibility between PKS and polypropylene hence it increases the nucleation site.
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Alshammari, Basheer A., Asma M. Alenad, Fahad S. Al-Mubaddel, et al. "Impact of Hybrid Fillers on the Properties of High Density Polyethylene Based Composites." Polymers 14, no. 16 (2022): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163427.
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The main objective of this work is to develop a variety of hybrid high-density polyethylene (HDPE) micro- and nanocomposites and to investigate their thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics as a function of number of fillers and their contents percentage. In this study, 21 formulations of the composites were prepared using fillers with different sizes including micro fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), as well as nano-filler (fumed silica (FS)) though the melt blending technique. The morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composite samples were evaluated. The morphological study revealed negligible filler agglomerates, good matrix–filler interfacial bonding in case of combined both CaCO3 and FS into the composites. Sequentially, improvements in tensile, flexural and Izod impact strengths as a function of fillers loading in the HDPE matrix have been reported. The maximum enhancement (%) of tensile, flexural and impact strengths were 127%, 86% and 16.6%, respectively, for composites containing 25% CaCO3 and 1% FS without any inclusion of talc filler; this indicates that the types/nature, size, quantity and dispersion status of fillers are playing a major role in the mechanical properties of the prepared composites more than the number of the used fillers.
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Berriache, Ahmed, Mohamed Bensoula, Mohamed Zaoui, and Tahar Kadri. "Study and valorization of a new bituminous concrete based on natural dune sand for hot and arid environments." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 9, no. 12 (2023): 17791. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl9iss12pp17791.
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The trans-desert road network is exposed to enormous degradation of asphalt concrete pavements due to the high temperatures of these arid regions, which considerably accelerate asphalt ageing. Common bituminous mixes generally use quarry sand fillers, the proportions of which are poorly controlled due to the diversity of rock deposits and their manufacturing conditions. This article responds to this problem by proposing dune sand as a source of filler by grinding it and then introducing it into pure bitumen to obtain the bitumen-filler mix. In this paper, two types of analysis were carried out, one thermal and the other mechanical to study the influence of the substitution of quarry sand filler by dune sand filler in asphalt concrete. In the thermal analysis, the study evaluates the stiffening power (?TBA) of three types of fillers incorporated into a pure bitumen, namely quarry sand, dune sand and standardized filler. The results of these analyses reveal that at a normative percentage of 57% filler with 43% pure bitumen, the stiffening power (?TBA) of dune sand filler and normalized filler comply with established standards (between 8 and 16°C), unlike quarry sand filler, which does not meet standards. The mechanical analysis carried out on quarry sand filler and dune sand filler revealed an improvement in mechanical performance when dune sand filler was used, with MARSHALL stability values indicating an average increase from 3.9 to 4.9, and better resistance to water with a greater than 99% ratio for the DURIEZ test well above the 75% threshold. These results offer the potential to optimize bituminous mixes by incorporating dune sand fillers, thereby enabling Saharan roads to be built more quickly, at lower cost and, above all, to extend their lifespan, making a positive contribution to the development of road infrastructure in hot, arid environments.
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Shivashankar, Hiremath, Rajole Sangamesh, and S. M. Kulkarni. "Analysis of Coefficient of Thermal Expansion in Carbon Black Filled PDMS Composite." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.237.
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Polymer composites are gaining attention due to their superior thermal properties. Especially carbon black /carbon nanotubes/ graphene filled polymer composites are used in energy harvesting, thermal actuators and MEMS. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is one of the most important properties in the polymer composite. In the present study, thermal expansion of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix is filled with carbon black particle of varied volume fraction is modeled. Two-dimensional finite element (FE) model is computed in order to explain the thermal expansion behavior of the polymer composite and same is carried out for ambient to 70 K temperature. A 2D regular arrangement of circular particle packing model is set up and simulated. The FE model predicts that filler geometry has a little effect on the thermal expansion than the percentage of filler in the composite. Thermal expansion of composite is compared with the theoretical model. It shows that the CTE of composite reduces as the filler percentage increase, also gives good agreement in the both models. Hence, it is found that the addition of carbon black to the polymer composite could make it perform significantly better in thermal expansion.
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Al-Bayati, Hanaa Khaleel Alwan, Abimbola Grace Oyeyi, and Susan L. Tighe. "Experimental Assessment of Mineral Filler on the Volumetric Properties and Mechanical Performance of HMA Mixtures." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 12 (2020): 2312–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091619.
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This research is conducted to evaluate the influence of mineral filler on the volumetric properties, mechanical and field performance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Two mineral filler types, namely, Hydrated Lime (HL) and Dust Plant (DPt) were used. Three filler proportions were utilized greater than 1% which represents the most applicable percentage, especially for HL, used by the Ministry of Transportation Ontario (MTO). The effect of filler on various volumetric properties including Voids In Mineral Aggregates (VMA), Voids Filled With Asphalt (VFA), dust to binder ratio (Dp) is examined. Mechanical and predicted field performance of HMA to the best filler proportion that meets all the MTO limitations is also investigated. The obtained results indicated that the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC), VMA, and VFA decrease as the filler content is increased. HMA mixtures that includes DPt filler had the higher values of VMA, VFA, and OAC compared to the hydrated lime. The addition of filler with 2.5% percentage is very successful for both filler types due to satisfying all MTO requirements for volumetric properties of HMA. Based on MTO specifications, the addition of 2.0% filler seems to be unsuccessful for both filler types due to lowering the Dp ratio. Mix design with 3.0% filler was also unsuccessful because of the lower value of OAC meaning that the mix is dry and there is insufficient asphalt binder to coat the aggregate particles. Besides, filler type has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the HMA mixtures. As a filler in HMA mixtures, the utilization of HL as a portion of 2.5 % leads to a significant improvement in mixture resistance to water and freezing and thawing. The mixtures that included HL have a higher cracking resistance, greater stiffness, and a higher fracture stress than the mixtures that included DPt. Furthermore, predicted field performance indicated better outcomes for mixes with HL compared to DPt mixes. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091619 Full Text: PDF
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Kadhim, Yasir N., Wail Asim Mohammad Hussain, and Abdulrasool Thamer Abdulrasool. "The Effect of Animal Bone Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Concrete." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 10 (2021): 1741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091757.
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For the sake of enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of asphalt concrete, many studies suggest adding different admixtures, such as waste materials in the form of filler. These admixtures have a significant influence on the performance of asphalt concrete by plying a roll in filling the voids between particles and sometimes as a cementitious material. This study aims to improve the strength of asphalt concrete by adding crushed animal bone to the mix after carbonization at a temperature of 800 Co. Seven different percentages (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 100%) of animal bone ash as a replacement for the filler percentage were added to the optimum asphalt concrete mix. A number of tests were conducted on asphalt concrete specimens to measure Marshall stability (MS), Marshall flow value (MF), voids filled with asphalt percentages (VFA), air void percentages (VA), voids in mineral aggregate percentages (VMA), and maximum theoretical specific gravity (GMM). From the results, the maximum stability of 14.85 KN was reached when using animal bone ash of 20% as a partial replacement for the conventionally used filler (limestone). In general, there are some improvements in the physical properties of asphalt concrete with animal bone ash, which can be related to the increase in the bond between the particles of aggregates and the bitumen material. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091757 Full Text: PDF
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Nugraha, Dwi Chandra, and Hammam Rofiqi Agustapraja. "Pengaruh Sekam Padi & Serbuk Kayu Sebagai Substitusi Filler pada Campuran Laston AC-WC." Jurnal Talenta Sipil 7, no. 1 (2024): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/talentasipil.v7i1.361.
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Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) is a flexible highway pavement, where this pavement is a combination of: Asphalt, fine aggregate coarse aggregate, and (filler). In this study, the replacement of Portland cement filler was carried out as an experiment with alternative materials, namely rice husk ash and wood sawdust. Where in this research mixture the percentage of cement filler is 2% replaced using 2% SP ash, 2% SK ash, 1% SP ash: 1% SK ash, in terms of Marshall properties In accordance with the standard requirements of General Specifications 2010 (revision 3) Section 6.3 Hot bituminous mix. From the Marshall test results, the highest stability value was 938.71 kg and a flow value of 2.83 mm by substituting 2% SP ash filler, where the resistance was better than the standard 2% cement filler mixture with a stability value of only 889.68 kg . The VIM value obtained was 3.57%, although it met the standard, the VIM value indicated that the 2% rice husk ash filler substitution mixture was not watertight. It can be seen that the high VMA value of 23.30% indicates the large number of cavities in the AC-WC mixture. Where the greater the percentage of VIM and VMA, the lower the adhesiveness of the asphalt mixture by substituting Cement filler using SP ash, as evidenced by the VFA value of only 52.41% which does not meet standard specifications, because the voids created will be filled with air or water. Replacement of 2% SP ash filler obtained a Marshall Quotient value of 333.70 kg/mm which met the specification standard, namely Min 250 kg/mm but higher than the normal 2% cement filler mixture which was only 258.23 kg/mm.
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Sugiharto, Agung, Adilla Syarifa, Nindita Handayani, and Rizky Mahendra. "Effect of Chitosan, Clay, and CMC on Physicochemical Properties of Bioplastic from Banana Corm with Glycerol." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 10, no. 1 (2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i1.25323.
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Bioplactic from banana corm and glycerol has been studied in this research. In addition, the physical chemical properties of it has been improved by adding chitosan, clay and CMC as filler and glycerol as plasticizer. Plastic that produced form organic material such as starch usually has poor properties in physical and mechanical. Composition variation of chitosan, clay and CMC as filler then combined by variation of glycerol as plasticizer have produced significant improve of the bioplastic physical properties. Properties of the bioplastic that studied in this research was focused to biodegradation, elongation, and tensile strength. The addition of fillers and plasticizers is carried out to produce a better bioplastics. This study used 3 variations of the filler composition : 4, 5, and 6 grams and 2 variations of the plasticizer composition: 1 ml and 2 ml. The bioplastics that produced were tested for tensile strength, elongation, and biodegradation of the soil for 7 days. The best tensile strength results is 8.43 MPa for bioplastic that using CMC fillers. On the other side, the best elongation percentage is 9.87% for bioplastic which using CMC fillers. The bioplastic that added Clay as filler can be degraded up to 100% in 7 days.
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Sugiharto, Agung, Adilla Syarifa, Nindita Handayani, and Rizky Mahendra. "Effect of Chitosan, Clay, and CMC on Physicochemical Properties of Bioplastic from Banana Corm with Glycerol." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 10, no. 1 (2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i1.25323.
Full textAbstract:
Bioplactic from banana corm and glycerol has been studied in this research. In addition, the physical chemical properties of it has been improved by adding chitosan, clay and CMC as filler and glycerol as plasticizer. Plastic that produced form organic material such as starch usually has poor properties in physical and mechanical. Composition variation of chitosan, clay and CMC as filler then combined by variation of glycerol as plasticizer have produced significant improve of the bioplastic physical properties. Properties of the bioplastic that studied in this research was focused to biodegradation, elongation, and tensile strength. The addition of fillers and plasticizers is carried out to produce a better bioplastics. This study used 3 variations of the filler composition : 4, 5, and 6 grams and 2 variations of the plasticizer composition: 1 ml and 2 ml. The bioplastics that produced were tested for tensile strength, elongation, and biodegradation of the soil for 7 days. The best tensile strength results is 8.43 MPa for bioplastic that using CMC fillers. On the other side, the best elongation percentage is 9.87% for bioplastic which using CMC fillers. The bioplastic that added Clay as filler can be degraded up to 100% in 7 days.
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Lee, Chye Heng, Cheow Keat Yeoh, K. A. Hamzah, and Pei Leng Teh. "Mechanical Properties of Copper Ferrite CuFe2O4-Polymer Composite Fabricated Using 3D Printer." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.203.
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The effect of speed of powder dispenser on the mechanical properties of ABS-CuFe2O4 composites was studied. The samples in the experiment were printed by a 3D printer which produces three-dimensional objects from the digital file which are built up layer by layer. The amount of filler content added into each sample was controlled by the speed of powder dispenser which is off, low, medium, and high. The properties of pure ABS and composite ABS CuFe2O4 samples were investigated based on the distribution of fillers. Weight percentage (wt. %) of filler added into each sample was determined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Tensile test and Vickers microhardness were carried out to determine the effect of filler content on mechanical properties. Addition of filler content in ABS matrix slightly decreases the strength of composite from 17.1 MPa to 14.64 MPa.
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Sasimma, Watthanapong, and Amnart Suksri. "Performance Investigation of Non-Linear Insulator against Surface Tracking on Wind Turbine Blade Surface." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.190.
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This research work investigates the surface degradation of wind turbine blade surface insulator which is made from modified epoxy resin mixed with Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) in different percentage as a filler elements. Accelerated test with AC voltage of 4.5 kV 50 Hz with NH4Cl saline solution using flow rate of contaminant equals to 0.6 ml/min according to IEC 60587 standard. It was found that, the solid insulators which has 30 % of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and 20% of Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) fillers prolong the process of surface tracking to the order of 5.41 for Zinc oxide (ZnO) filler and also to the order of 30.68 for Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) filler. On the other hand, if the amount of Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) filler is more than 20% by weight, it will lead to a rapid tracking phenomena.
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Abas, Falak O., and Raghad Usama Abass. "Study thermo-mechanical properties of polyester composite reinforced by ceramic particles, SiC." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822501021.
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Development of the Polymer Composites with natural fibers and fillers as a sustainable alternative material for some engineering applications, particularly in aerospace applications and automobile applications are being investigated. Lightweight and biodegradability and low cost Polyester composites are synthesised with an addition of Silicon carbide (SiC) particles by varying weight percentage (0, 3, 6, 10, 13, and 16 wt. %) respectively by using hand- layup technique followed by cold moulding. The prepared specimens were cut according to ASTM standard to determine hardness, impact strength, bending distortion and thermal conductivity properties. Afterward, the thermal and mechanical properties of all the unfilled and particulate filled composites are also evaluated for structural applications, i.e., hardness, impact strength, bending distortion, are determined with the change in filler content to notice the behaviour of composite material subjected to loading in addition to thermal conductivity property. Thermo-mechanical properties of the material are measured with the help of testing machines above according to their ASTM. It is found that the strength properties are greatly influenced by addition of this ceramic filler. Also shows that the thermal and mechanical properties of SiC-filled polyester composites are better than unfilled base composites
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Madarvoni, Srivatsava, and Rama P. S. Sreekanth. "Mechanical Characterization of Graphene—Hexagonal Boron Nitride-Based Kevlar–Carbon Hybrid Fabric Nanocomposites." Polymers 14, no. 13 (2022): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132559.
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Polymer nanocomposites have been gaining attention in recent years. The addition of a low content of nanomaterials into the matrix improves mechanical, wear, thermal, electrical, and flame-retardant properties. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles on Kevlar and hybrid fiber-reinforced composites (FRP). Composites are fabricated with different filler concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% by using a hand layup process. Characterizations like tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact strength were evaluated separately, heat deflection and viscosity properties of the epoxy composites. The dynamic viscosity findings indicated that a higher concentration of filler material resulted in nano-particle agglomeration. Graphene filler showed superior properties when compared to hexagonal boron nitride filler. Graphene showed optimum mechanical properties at 0.3 wt.%, whereas the hBN filler showed optimum properties at 0.5 wt.%. As compared to Kevlar composites, hybrid (carbon–Kevlar) composites significantly improved properties. As compared to graphene-filled composites, hexagonal boron nitride-filled composites increased scratch resistance. Digimat simulations were performed to validate experimental results, and it was observed that hybrid fabric composites exhibited better results when compared to Kevlar composites. The error percentage of all composites are within 10%, and it was concluded that hybrid–graphene fiber composites exhibited superior properties compared to Kevlar composites.
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Kavimani, V., P. M. Gopal, B. Stalin, Alagar Karthick, S. Arivukkarasan, and Murugesan Bharani. "Effect of Graphene Oxide-Boron Nitride-Based Dual Fillers on Mechanical Behavior of Epoxy/Glass Fiber Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (August 7, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5047641.
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Graphene and its derivatives have excellent properties such as high surface area, thermal, and mechanical strength, and this fact made the researchers promote them as the possible filler material for fiber-matrix composite. The current research deals with validation on the effect of graphene oxide boron nitride filler over mechanical and thermal stability of epoxy glass fiber polymer matrix composite. The objective of this experimental investigation is to develop glass fiber reinforced polymer composites with hybrid filler addition. The matrix material selected is epoxy resin, whereas the glass fiber is selected as reinforcement, while boron nitride and graphene oxide are chosen as fillers. Compression moulding methodology is followed to develop the composites with the constant percentage of fiber loading, graphene oxide filler, and varying boron nitride content from 0 to 3 wt.% at an equal interval of 1 wt.%. The developed composite is analyzed for mechanical properties, and the fractured surface is analyzed through the scanning electron microscope. The addition of hybrid fillers enhances the fiber-matrix bonding strength and improves the thermal and mechanical properties up to a specific limit. Thermal gravimetric analysis was conducted to understand the thermal behavior of composite. The results revealed that the addition of filler improved the thermal stability of the composites.
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Sivakumar, Aburpa Avanachari, Sankarasabapathi Sankarapandian, Siva Avudaiappan, and Erick I. Saavedra Flores. "Mechanical Behaviour and Impact of Various Fibres Embedded with Eggshell Powder Epoxy Resin Biocomposite." Materials 15, no. 24 (2022): 9044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15249044.
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Natural fiber composites are becoming an alternate material to synthetic fiber composites, and the use of eggshell bio-filler has been explored in polymer composites as environmental protection. Jute, coir, and sisal fibers were utilized in this research to make composites out of natural fibers. Polymer composites were made using epoxy resin with different amounts of eggshell powder (ESP) as fillers (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of weight). The mechanical and biodegradability properties of the synthesized composites were investigated. The testing results showed that composites with an optimum percentage of 6% ESP as filler improved mechanical characteristics significantly in all three fiber composites. Among the three fibers, coir fiber with 6% ESP added showed a substantial increase in tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness strength properties by 34.64%, 48.50%, 33.33%, and 35.03%, respectively. In addition, the percentage weight loss of coir fiber composites at 9 weeks is noteworthy in terms of biodegradability testing. As a result, epoxy composites containing eggshell fillers could be employed in applications requiring better tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness strength.