Academic literature on the topic 'Filling conveyor'
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Journal articles on the topic "Filling conveyor"
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Timofeev, Viktor N. "Induction Heating of the Filling Conveyor Molds." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering & Technologies 14, no. 5 (August 2001): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1999-494x-0335.
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In the smelting and foundry production of aluminum ingots, filling conveyors are widely used. Aluminum ingots of a certain shape and weight are obtained by crystallizing liquid aluminum (melt) in the molds of the filling conveyor. As the mills move along the conveyor, the melt gradually hardens in them. In high-performance conveyors, the mills move through the water to increase the cooling rate of the melt. Therefore, after the mill is freed from the hardened ingot, water enters it. In order to avoid temperature shock and possible release of liquid metal, the molds must be dried and heated before pouring. At present, gas burners are used in aluminum plants for this purpose [1]. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of induction heating of the filling conveyor molds. The calculation is carried out using Fourier series in complex form and approximate boundary conditions on the surface of ferromagnetic molds. The approximate boundary conditions avoid the need to calculate the electromagnetic field in a nonlinear ferromagnetic medium. In the heated object, the energy of the induced alternating electric field is irreversibly converted into thermal energy. This dissipation of thermal energy, which leads to the heating of the object, is determined by the presence of conduction currents (eddy currents). Induction heating is widely used in metallurgy for melting, heating and mixing of electrically conductive bodies. The method is based on the absorption of electromagnetic energy by bodies of an alternating magnetic field created by an inductor. The heated product is located in the immediate vicinity of the inductor. There are many publications on analytical and numerical, analysis of physical processes in the inductor-heated billet system. In this paper, an analytical calculation of electromagnetic processes in the system of inductor – ferromagnetic molds of the filling conveyor is carried out. The analytical solution is obtained by using the approximate boundary condition of L. R. Neumann on the surface of nonlinear ferromagnetic molds
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Jendrysik, Sebastian, Sławomir Bartoszek, Dominik Bałaga, Gabriel Kost, and Agnieszka Sękala. "Study of Energy Consumption of a Bucket Conveyor in a Jig Concentrator Plant in a Hard Coal Mine." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185706.
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The subject of the discussion is oriented toward limiting the energy consumption of the bucket conveyor used in jig concentrator plants by controlling its speed. A method of predictive control of the bucket conveyor speed is presented. It allows for reducing the energy consumption due to appropriate selection of bucket movement speed to ensure the nominal filling of buckets along the entire length of the conveyor. This approach enables limiting the idling speed of the conveyor, extend its life, and also reduce the electricity consumption of the entire system. Experimental studies, carried out at the “Sośnica” Coal Mine working facility, confirmed that the use of a predictive algorithm for controlling the bucket conveyor speed and adapting the bucket speed to the current load decreased in energy consumption n by 9.6%, with 80% of the filling conveyor.
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Wang, Shuang, Deyong Li, and Kun Hu. "Analysis and Experimental Study on Pressure Characteristics of Supporting Roller Group of Pipe Belt Conveyor." Shock and Vibration 2019 (August 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7061847.
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Aiming at the problem in measuring the nonuniformly distributed pressure generated by the pipe belt conveyor when conveying raw coals, a hexagonal adjustable pressure measuring device for the idler group is proposed. The dynamic model of the pipe belt conveyor clamping-type roller group is established. In order to simplify the calculation process of mechanical analysis, the modal analysis is carried out to determine the factors which will influence the pressure. The pipe diameter and filling rate are selected as the key control factors by the sensitive analysis of pressure of the pipe belt conveyor clamping type roller group. An adjustable diameter-type supporting roller group experiment device is self-designed, and the dynamic pressure change of the roller group and each roller pressure are tested. The results show that the average error between the simulated and tested values of the pressure of the idler group at different filling rates is 7.3%; the theoretical and simulated values of the pressure of the idler group are in good agreement with the experimental values. The study provides a theoretical basis and experimental reference for the design and application of pipe belt conveyors.
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Zakharov, Alexander, and Natalya Erofeeva. "Segregation of the bulk cargo on a belt conveyor under the vibro-pulse impact." E3S Web of Conferences 303 (2021): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130301044.
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The dynamics of interaction of the large lumps of the bulk cargo with a conveyor belt while passing through roller supports of the conveyor linear sections is often a cause of damage on the conveyor belt. In order to reduce the negative impact it is proposed to isolate the conveyor belt surface from the large lumps by filling small fractions of the bulk cargo by means of adding a shock device to the conveyor structure that causes increased segregation of the bulk cargo. A mathematical model of the segregation of the bulk cargo located on the conveyor belt and in zone of impact of the shock pulses has been developed. The model considers a change in the rotation direction of the large lump when applying shock pulses to the characteristic points of the lump lower face. Herewith it takes into consideration weakening of the shock pulse by a layer of the bulk cargo small fractions. The presented model has received experimental confirmation. Analytically and experimentally the height of filling of the bulk cargo small fractions under a large lump when passing the vibrating impact device located on the conveyor belt has been determined.
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Rumalutur, Sonny, and Serli Liling Allo. "SISTEM KONTROL OTOMATIS PENGISIAN CAIRAN DAN PENUTUP BOTOL MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO UNO Rev 1.3." Electro Luceat 5, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32531/jelekn.v5i1.129.
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The system design test results are obtained that when the sensor detects an object with a certain distance, the sensor will issue a signal to the micro which is then forwarded to the charging driver circuit to turn on the relay. The relay functions as a switch or switch that will fill the liquid in the bottle, when the driver is charging on, the process of filling the liquid occurs in the bottle, and the micro filling process issues a signal in the active motor driver circuit. The conveyor driver is active after giving a signal from Arduino Uno, the conveyor will stop after the sensor detects a bottle then stops, and the micro sends a signal to turn the motor driver down on the bottle cap to close the bottle on. When the bottle closing process is complete the motor driver backs up actively moving the road conveyor back. The percentage error of theoretical value and measurement of the difference is small and when filling the liquid in a bottle takes 17 seconds until the bottle is fully filled and by using the micro, the liquid filler on the bottle and the bottle cover can be completed properly.
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Mondal, Debayan, and NabenduGhosh. "Study on filling factor of short length screw conveyor with flood-feeding condition." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 1 (2018): 1286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.213.
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Karwat, Bolesław, Piotr Rubacha, and Emil Stańczyk. "Optimization of a screw conveyor's exploitation parameters." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 23, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2021.2.8.
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The paper describes the problem of designing screw conveyors in terms of determining their exploitation characteristics. Based on the actual values of mass efficiency and power demand obtained in a laboratory experiment, the theoretical design methods and the numerical discrete element method model results were verified. The obtained results have shown that the currently used theoretical methods underestimate the mass efficiency and power demand compared to experiments when typical values of filling rate coefficient and progress resistance coefficient are used. It was also shown that the results of DEM simulations are in good agreement with the experiments in terms of mass efficiency and power demand. Based on the exploitation characteristics determined in DEM simulations for different constructions of the screw and different rotational speeds, multi-objective optimization of the exploitation parameters of the screw was performed in order to minimize the power demand of a screw conveyor and simultaneously maximize its mass efficiency. The optimization results showed that it is possible to find such construction and the rotational speed that will maximize the mass efficiency of the conveyor and keep the power demand low, reducing the exploitation costs of the device.
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Ma, Li, and Zi Wei Ding. "The Application Research on Backfill Mining Technology of Gangue for Coal Pillar Mining in Xingtai Mining Village." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.225.
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Gangue and fly ash combined mining technology is the direct filling of the gangue and fly ash to the surface by the feed delivered to the face well, and then filling is in gob areas, while ensuring under the premise of the safe use of surface buildings subjects to the normal maximum level for achieving Coal Mining under the buildings. In the paper, gangue and fly ash on the exploitation of the feed system were designed for filling and compaction equipment, the hydraulic mining was developed on the backfill mining, the conveyor was modified, and the gangue and fly ash mining technology were designed. As the result, the filling rate and surface subsidence was controlled effectively, the service life of the mine was extended, and the good economic and social benefits were achieved.
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Purnomo, Anang Dwi, Arief Goeritno, and Danang Adi Nugroho. "Simulator Proses Pengisian dan Pemasangan Tutup Botol Terkendali PLC Berbantuan Miniatur Konveyor." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 5, no. 4 (August 25, 2021): 774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v5i4.3189.
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A miniature conveyor machine assisted by embedded systems and controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) has been fabricated with the operating mechanism is based on the detection of two different colors. The objectives of this research are to obtain a miniature machine is controlled by the PLC system, create a ladder diagram-based program structure, and measure the performance of the embedded system. Obtaining the machine is carried out through assembly of the conveyor frame, installation of all devices, and integrated wiring. The programming for the Omron PLC system is based on providing the CX-Programmer 64 bits, establishing algorithms and compiling ladder diagrams, and compiling and uploading processes. The performance measurement includes synchronization conditions between the simulator and the control system, observations of the readings of installed sensors for activating all devices on the output side, and observing the measurement of the filling process time and the installation of bottle caps assisted by the pneumatic system. The results of the performance during the process of filling and installing the lid obtained a success rate of 75%, based on four trials, three successes, and one failure. The general conclusion is that the embedded system that has been built can be used as a simulator for the mechanism of filling liquid into bottles and installing bottle caps, and it is as an implementation of instrumentation and automation processes.
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Abdullah, Oday, Wisam Abbood, and Hiba Hussein. "Development of automated liquid filling system based on the interactive design approach." FME Transactions 48, no. 4 (2020): 938–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2004938a.
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The automatic liquid filling system is used in different applications such as production of detergents, liquid soaps, fruit juices, milk products, bottled water, etc. The automatic bottle filling system is highly expensive. Where, the common filling systems required to complex changes in hardware and software in order to modify volume of liquid. There are many important variables in the filling process such as volume of liquid, the filling time, etc. This paper presents a new approach to develop an automatic liquid filling system. The new proposed system consists of a conveyor subsystem, filling stations, and camera to detect the level of the liquid at any instant during the filling process. The camera can detect accurately the level of liquid based on the imaging process technique (Edge Detection Approach). In order to achieve the aim of this work, Arduino board is used as the controller unit in the automatic operation of developed filling system. The developed automatic liquid filling system is designed to be not expensive compared to the other available filling systems on the markets. The system is also easy to operate and user-friendly,where only simple steps are required to operate the filling system or modify the working condition.It was found, based on results, that the Prewitt edge detection is the optimal method that should be applied to obtain high accuracy of results and quick response of developed system.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Filling conveyor"
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Polák, Aleš. "Konstrukce zařízení pro automatické plnění kotle dřevem s navržením automatizace a regulace přikládání." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231775.
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This thesis describes the structural design of automatic stoking conveyor to log into the boiler during operation. The work described in the first part of the current methods of burning logs of wood, the combustion process and the possibility of smoke detecting. The second part focuses on the structural design of the device and a description of the implementation of functional sample.
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Hohner, Robin, and Ekengren André. "Study Of Belts Acting As A Positioning System For Interconnected Gripping Tools In Tube Filling Machines." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77221.
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The task performed in this assignment is to improve the reliability of Norden Machinery ABs product family. This is to be done by examining and replacing the belt used to stop the spreading of tubes from ingoing shipping crate to the infeed of the machine. The way that this was approached was by testing different candidates on a spectrum of their rigidity to find if a flexible or more rigid belt would perform better than the current context of the system. The testing was conducted for a period of 4 weeks and results were gathered by examining damages to the belts by the use of microscope. After the damage had been analyzed the conclusion was drawn that flexible alternatives seems to perform the task better than their rigid counterparts however more work is needed in the fields regarding the fastening and operation of the machine to use the best suited candidates derived from this test, the monolithic belt FMT-02TXCT-U1.
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Przydrozna, Aleksandra Anna. "Filling flows induced by a convector in a room." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277224.
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Over the last two centuries, there has been a continual evolution of how occupied rooms are heated, with inventors competing to design new heating devices. In particular, there is a wide range of convector types, which vary in shape, size, design, material, operating medium and application. With approximately 190 million convectors installed in the UK alone, the question arises regarding the dependencies on the efficiency of heat distribution through convector-induced filling flows. A standard approach to evaluate convector performance is based on the convector strength only, the implication being the stronger the convector the better the performance. This work has gone beyond the limits of a stereotypical assessment in pursuit of answers regarding the physics of convector-induced filling and a new objective method to evaluate the efficiency of this transient process. The ultimate goal has been to provide a deep understanding of filling and stratification induced by a convector, in order to heat rooms rapidly and effectively. An experimental facility has been designed that approximates dynamic similarity between the experimental set-up and a real-life room with a convector. In the experiments, a rectangular sectioned water tank represents a room and a saline source rectangular sectioned panel with sintered side walls provides a convector representation. Experiments have been performed in water with a saline solution to ensure high Rayleigh numbers. Diagnostic techniques involve a combination of a shadowgraph method, a dye-attenuation method, direct salinity measurements and a new application of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Interesting insight into convector-induced buoyancy-driven flows has been gained. As a result, new guidelines aimed at heating rooms more rapidly and effectively have been proposed. The key outcome that can be immediately applied is that, for a given convector strength, heat distribution with height can be improved by adjusting the convector position. For instance, faster filling leading to more uniform heat distribution occurs in rooms with convectors detached from side walls, due to large-scale mixing flows in the early period of filling. Also shorter convectors relative to the room height, positioned close to the floor level, promote faster and more uniform filling. An attempt to describe the transient filling has been made and to do so statistical methods, application specific, have been developed. As a result, the empirical equations describing both the filling rates in different stages of filling and the development of stratification have been derived, which rank the governing parameters, based on their importance, as either dominant or subordinate. Two dominant parameters governing filling flows are the non-dimensional accumulation parameter B and the Rayleigh number ΔRa, which are related to the convector strength. The impact of these two parameters is constant throughout the process. The parameters accounting for the system geometry and filling time (T) are subordinate parameters. Their impact, visible in the early period, decreases as filling continues.
Books on the topic "Filling conveyor"
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Gorman, Sara E., and Jack M. Gorman. Denying to the Grave. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199396603.001.0001.
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Why do some parents refuse to vaccinate their children? Why do some people keep guns at home, despite scientific evidence of risk to their family members? And why do people use antibiotics for illnesses they cannot possibly alleviate? When it comes to health, many people insist that science is wrong, that the evidence is incomplete, and that unidentified hazards lurk everywhere. In Denying to the Grave, Gorman and Gorman, a father-daughter team, explore the psychology of health science denial. Using several examples of such denial as test cases, they propose six key principles that may lead individuals to reject "accepted" health-related wisdom: the charismatic leader; fear of complexity; confirmation bias and the internet; fear of corporate and government conspiracies; causality and filling the ignorance gap; and the nature of risk prediction. The authors argue that the health sciences are especially vulnerable to our innate resistance to integrate new concepts with pre-existing beliefs. This psychological difficulty of incorporating new information is on the cutting edge of neuroscience research, as scientists continue to identify brain responses to new information that reveal deep-seated, innate discomfort with changing our minds. Denying to the Grave explores risk theory and how people make decisions about what is best for them and their loved ones, in an effort to better understand how people think when faced with significant health decisions. This book points the way to a new and important understanding of how science should be conveyed to the public in order to save lives with existing knowledge and technology.
Book chapters on the topic "Filling conveyor"
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Gorman, Sara E., and Jack M. Gorman. "Causality and Filling the Ignorance Gap." In Denying to the Grave. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199396603.003.0008.
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There is an old adage: “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.” In the science denial arena, however, this adage seems to have been recrafted to something like: “What you don’t know is an invitation to make up fake science.” Before it was dis¬covered that tuberculosis is caused by a rather large bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis it was widely believed to be the result of poor moral character. Similarly, AIDS was attributed to “deviant” lifestyles, like being gay or using intravenous drugs. When we don’t know what causes something, we are pummeled by “experts” telling us what to believe. Vaccines cause autism. ECT causes brain damage. GMOs cause cancer. Interestingly, the leap by the public to latch onto extreme theories does not extend to all branches of science. Physicists are not certain how the force of gravity is actually conveyed between two bodies. The theoretical solutions offered to address this question involve mind-boggling mathematics and seemingly weird ideas like 12 dimensional strings buzzing around the universe. But we don’t see denialist theories about gravity all over the Internet. Maybe this is simply because the answer to the question does not seem to affect our daily lives one way or the other. But it is also the case that even though particle physics is no more or less complex than molecular genetics, we all believe the former is above our heads but the latter is within our purview. Nonphysicists rarely venture an opinion on whether or not dark matter exists, but lots of nonbiologists will tell you exactly what the immune system can and cannot tolerate. Even when scientific matters become a little more frightening, when they occur in some branches of science, they register rather mild atten¬tion. Some people decided that the supercollider in Switzerland called the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) might be capable of producing black holes that would suck in all of Earth. Right before the LHC was scheduled to be tested at full capacity, there were a few lawsuits filed around the world trying to stop it on the grounds that it might induce the end of the world.
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Hargrove, Nancy D. "Eliot at Bergson’s Lectures, 1910–1911." In T. S. Eliot Studies Annual. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781942954286.003.0003.
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Scholars have stated that Eliot’s notes for Bergson’s lectures preserved in the Houghton Library “prove” that he only attended the lectures for part of January and February 1911. Hargrove argues that Eliot attended all of Bergson’s 1910–11 lectures despite the survival of only some of the lecture notes. As proof, she points to the opening undated three and a half pages of the notes, which seem to be the last part of a previous lecture. As additional support, she offers the excitement in Paris about the lectures of the charismatic professor and the huge crowds filling the lecture hall, the probability that Eliot suggested attending them to his parents as a major reason for spending the year in Paris, Eliot’s often losing notes, and his taking trips during holiday periods only. She closes with the account of these lectures by an admiring student, who describes the atmosphere in the lecture hall and conveys the feelings of adoration and respect of those attending—feelings, Hargrove argues, that Eliot would have shared.
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Fox, Raymond. "Musings about Teaching and Learning." In The Use of Self. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190616144.003.0007.
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This book underscores two deep-seated convictions about teaching. The first abandons the idea that learning simply amounts to filling students’ blank minds with missing supplies of theories, perspectives, statistics, and research reports. The second accepts the ideas that personal presence is the sine qua non of both professional practice and professional education. Learning necessarily involves action and interaction. You, your students, and the context produced by your exchange is crucial. The single most important catalyst in this matrix is you—your self. Your personhood affects this exchange in a most significant way. Flowing from this overarching conviction are yet other intermingled building blocks of professional education. Among these are that professional education needs to be learner-focused, not content-centered; it needs to be active, collaborative, emotionally tinged, and tailored to students’ styles. In addition, professional education rests upon certain fundamental beliefs: learning accrues from facilitation; content and its conveyance should mesh; knowledge mastery is but one aspect of learning; thinking and feeling are inseparable; and effective teaching emanates from questioning, responding, and, most important of all, listening. The chief vehicle for advancing professional education is initiating and sustaining a solid and positive relationship. Within a relational milieu, students feel free to examine assumptions, test values, share mistakes, experiment with alternative theories, try out new behaviors, and ultimately make strides toward professional development as self-aware, disciplined practitioners. Teaching involves more than delivery. It stimulates discovery, elicits wonder. Your role mandates your understanding of how students learn and work, and your ability to enable them to draw upon your wisdom and talent as well as the resources you make available. It requires your finding out what they need to know and generating ways to convey it. Your challenge is to make your art so powerful that it appeals at the same time to the intellectual as well as to the emotional lives of students in a visceral way.
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Frey, Perry A., and Adrian D. Hegeman. "Enzymes and Catalytic Mechanisms." In Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122589.003.0005.
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Enzymes catalyze the biochemical reactions in cells of all organisms. These reactions constitute the chemical basis of life. Most enzymes are proteins—a few are ribonucleic acids or ribonucleoproteins—and the catalytic machinery is located in a relatively small active site, where substrates bind and are chemically processed into products. Illustrations of the molecular structure of chymotrypsin, a typical enzyme, and the location of its active site appear in figs. 1-1A and B. The polypeptide chain is shown as a ribbon diagram, and the active site is the region in which an inhibitor, the black ball-and-stick model, is bound. The gray ball-and-stick structures are amino acid side chains at the active site that participate in catalysis. The ribbon diagram shows the individual chains and the α-helices and β-strands as if there were vacant spaces between them; however, very little free space exists in the interior of an enzyme. The packing density in the interior of a protein is typically 0.7 to 0.8, meaning that 70% to 80% of the space is filled and only 20% to 30% is interstitial space (Richards, 1974). That the packing density in hexagonally closest packed spheres is 0.75, similar to a protein, conveys a concept of the interior. The free space inside a protein is so little that in a space-filling model, the polypeptide chain cannot be discerned, and interactions between active sites and substrate or inhibitors cannot be seen. For this reason, we display structures as ribbon diagrams to facilitate the discussion of ligand binding interactions within an active site. Chymotrypsin is the most widely studied and one of the best-understood enzymes. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins at the carboxamide groups of hydrophobic amino acid residues, principally phenylalanyl, tyrosyl, and tryptophanyl residues. It also catalyzes the hydrolysis of small substrates, such as acetyltyrosine ethyl ester (ATEE) or acetyltyrosine p-nitroanilide (ATNA). These reactions are practically irreversible, their rates can be measured spectrophotometrically, and they behave kinetically as one-substrate enzymatic reactions. The overall reaction of ATEE can be written as ATEE → Acetyltyrosine + Ethanol, where the participation of water as a substrate is understood.
Conference papers on the topic "Filling conveyor"
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Mukherjee, Shantanu, Manuel Castro, Pei-Fang Jennifer Tsai, Krishnaswami Srihari, and Van D. Nguyen. "PB-Free Wave Soldering of Thick Printed Circuit Boards Using No-Clean VOC Free Flux." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42930.
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There has been an increasing focus on surface mount technology, and the miniaturization of electronic assemblies. However, wave soldering still remains an integral part of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly process. Hole fill is an important aspect in wave soldering. It is caused by the capillary action of molten alloys, as the PCB traverses across the molten wave. The advent of Pb-free materials has tightened the process windows for wave soldering. This is primarily because Pb-free alloys have higher melting points. One way to enhance hole filling action is to increase the operating temperatures of the molten wave. This step, however, could result in the disintegration of surface mount or through hole devices, board discoloration and warpage. Flux selection is an important process step for Pb-free wave soldering as it enhances hole-fill and cleans the soldering surface of the oxides prior to the PCB hitting the wave. It is critical to use the ‘optimal’ flux in Pb-free wave soldering processes. The objective of this study is to determine the ‘best’ flux for the Pb-free wave soldering of 2.16mm (0.085″) thick PCBs with Ni/Au surface finish. The Pb-free solder in this application is SAC387 (95.5%Sn, 3.8%Ag, and 0.7% Cu) with VOC-free no clean water based flux. Under different conveyor speeds, the experimentation evaluates the ‘best’ flux among three candidates. Complete (100%) inspection using X-ray laminography equipment detects the percentage of hole fill and other defects such as bridging, flux residue, and solder balling. The ‘best’ flux should have the least number of defects.
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Bravo, Maria Cecilia, Yon Blanco, Mauro Firinu, Tosi Gianbattista, Eriksen Martin, Brondbo Erik, Scott Paul, Jules El-Khoury, Mathias Horstmann, and Shahid Haq. "Reservoir Fluid Mapping While Drilling: Untapping the Barents Sea." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201019-ms.
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Abstract In complex and sensitive environments such as the northern Barents Sea, operations face multiple challenges, both technically and logistically. The use of logging while drilling (LWD) technology mitigates risks and assures acquisition of formation evaluation data in a complex trajectory. All data gathering was performed in LWD and provided the kernel for interpretation; alternate scenarios utilizing pipe conveyed wireline elevated risk factors as well as higher overall costs. Novel technology was required for this data acquisition, including fluid mapping while drilling (FMWD) that allows fluid identification with the use of downhole fluid analysis (DFA) using optical spectrometry as well as the retrieval of downhole fluid samples and a unique sourceless multifunction LWD tool delivering key data for the petrophysical evaluation. This paper presents a case study of the first application of a combination of FMWD and a petrophysical LWD toolstring in the Barents Sea. An excellent contribution to the operator of the PL229 that have pushed the boundaries of the formation sampling while drilling and set the basis to challenge the potentiality of this technique and improve the knowledge of the methodology that are the ultimate goals of this paper. Methods, procedures, process Hydrocarbon exploration, production, and transport in the Barents Sea are challenging. The shallow and complex reservoirs are at low temperature and pressure, potentially with gas caps. The Goliat field is the first offshore oil development in this environment, producing from two reservoirs: Realgrunnen and Kobbe. As part of the Goliat field infill drilling campaign with the aim of adding reserves and increase production, PL229 license operator drilled a highly deviated pilot hole to confirm hydrocarbons contacts in the undrained Snadd formation, which lie between two producing reservoirs. A successful data acquisition would not only provide information on the structure of the reservoir but would also assess the insitu movable fluid: type of hydrocarbon or water. FMWD allowed insitu fluid identification with the use of DFA, enabling RT evaluation of hydrocarbon composition as well as the filtrate contamination prior to filling the sampling bottles for further laboratory analysis. All data was acquired while drilling and using a comprehensive real-time visualization interface. Results, observation, conclusion Extensive prejob planning was conducted to optimize the operation. Dynamic fluid invasion simulations were used to estimate the required cleanup times to reach low contaminations. Simulations showed there was significant advantage in cleanup times when sampling soon after drilling. Honoring the natural environment, a unique sourceless multifunction LWD tool was used to acquire data for petrophysical evaluation-GR, resistivity, radioisotope-free density and neutron porosity, elemental capture spectroscopy, and sigma. Fluid mapping in a single run was key to efficiently resolve the insitu fluid type and composition. Critical hydrocarbon samples were collected soon after the formation was drilled to minimize mud filtrate invasion and reduce cleanup times. Multiple pressure measurements were acquired and six downhole fluid samples at low contamination (∼3% confirmed by laboratory) collected at several stations in variable mobilities. One scanning station was done at a zone were a physical sample was not required to confirm absence of gas cap. The DFA capabilities and ability to assess composition and control the fluid cleanup from surface allowed critical decisions to complete the acquisition program in this remote complex environment, all while drilling. In conclusion, FMWD results facilitated the placement decisions of the horizontal drain in this reservoir. This green BHA is unique in the LWD world. It eliminates radioactive source-handling and all related environmental risks to provide a comprehensive reservoir characterization. FMWD contributes formation pressure and fluid characterization and enables the physical capture of fluid samples in a single run. The combination of these two technologies completed the formation and fluid evaluation needs in this remote and environmentally sensitive area while drilling.