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Journal articles on the topic 'Film and cinema'
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1
Косинова, Марина, Marina Kosinova, Артур Аракелян, and Artur Arakelyan. "Soviet film distribution and demonstration in the era of “thaw”. The revival of the film industry." Servis Plus 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14569.
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In the period of “thaw” (mid 1950s – mid 1960s), there is a sharp qualitative and quantitative growth of
Soviet cinema. If in 1951 in the USSR was filmed just nine films which didn’t represent a high artistic value in
the creative attitude, already in 1956–57, Soviet cinema shocked the whole world. In 1958 they released 66
new Soviet film, but by 1960 our film industry overcame the milestone of 100 films and continued to steadily
increase the production. The growth of the film industry contributed to the cinema spreading and film distribution.
In the years of “thaw” in the USSR cinema attendance exceeded 3 billion, compared to 1.5 billion in
1953. The Gross fundraising from screenings at state cinema chains increased to 5.5 million rubles in 1957,
and throughout the hole cinema chain – up to 7.5 million rubles. On the 1st January 1958, the chain consisted
of 80 thousand cinemas, including more than 50 thousand in rural areas. By this time, they had mastered
new technical possibilities of cinema (wide-screen, panoramic, wide angle, circular panorama). They fully
mastered color film. However, in the field of cinema there were still a lot of unresolved issues. Revenues from
films increased annually in largely through the construction and commissioning of new cinemas, and due to
the tightening operation mode of already active cinemas, contrary to their real capabilities. But cinema rigidly
centralized administrative-command system which had been formed in the 1930s continued to operate until
the perestroika in the Soviet. They sold films to the distributors as a “product” based on the amount of the
estimated cost of the film. The Studio was lcompletely disinterested in the outcome of the promotion of the
film, its success with the audience. Thus, they did not have a major driver in the fight for the quality of films.
Numerous attempts of the Filmmakers ‘ Union, established in 1957, to change the existing system didn’t have
the results. The only application of far-reaching ideas of the Union became an Experimental creative Studio.
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Косинова, Марина, and Marina Kosinova. "Soviet spreding of the cinema and film distribution during the second half of the 1940-ies. “Trophy movies” as the salvation of the film industry in the period of “malokartinye”." Servis Plus 9, no. 3 (August 28, 2015): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12541.
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The article discusses the recovery process of the destroyed film industry during one of the most difficult periods — the post-war years. During the years of the great Patriotic war The Soviet urban chain lost more than 500 cinemas, located in major cities and industrial centers. Rural cinema network lost almost half of the cinemas (about 7000). The construction of new urban cinemas was carried out very poorly in the early postwar years; for 5 years only 77 theaters had been built. The film distribution, as spreading of the cinema, developed very slowly in the postwar years. In addition to purely economic problems, in these years our film faced difficulties of a different nature. Films shown on the Soviet cinemas were forcibly shifted in the direction of ideological and political propaganda that led to a narrowing of the genre and thematic range of the Soviet cinema. The results of the work of the film industry itself were also affected with the consequences of policy "malokartinye» the authorship of which is attributed to Stalin. The essence of it was a controversial idea: to spend on movies less money, but earn more. As a result the movie industry was in a very difficult position. In 1947 it was decided to release in USSR a lot of foreign films, announced «trophy». These films caused a lot of criticism on the part of Agitprop, and in fact, saved the Soviet film distribution in the late 1940s — early 1950s. Fascination with foreign «innovations» was inevitable: the decline of the Soviet film industry didn´t allow satisfying the screen with new Soviet films, and nobody reduced plan profits from film distribution to the Ministry of cinematography. A great help in further raising the income of film distribution was the expansion of old Soviet films. In addition, cinema directors took a rather ingenious attempt of the extension of the films shown on cinemas at the expense of shooting on film theatrical productions.
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Karinkurayil, Mohamed Shafeeq. "The Islamic Subject of Home Cinema of Kerala." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 10, no. 1 (June 2019): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927619855451.
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Migration to the Arabian Gulf as the experience of the state of Kerala has mostly been elided in mainstream Malayalam cinema. The digital revolution towards the end of the last century has spurred a local film practice in northern Kerala, usually called ‘Home Cinema’/‘home video’/‘home film’ and so on. Home Cinema of Kerala is locally produced low-quality CD/DVD video productions which are full-length feature films distributed through video shops, stationeries, bookstores and so on. Home Cinema, synonymous in its beginning with the films of Salam Kodiyathur, began as an attempt to oppose what was perceived as the immoral qualities of mainstream cinema, both global and regional. As a counter to the mainstream, Kodiyathur attempted to formulate Islamic cinema but in the idiom of a strand of mainstream Malayalam cinema. This article looks at the constitution of the Islamic subjects of these cinemas as negotiating the figure of the migrant Muslim in the dominant idiom of Malayalam cinema.
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Japee, Dr Gurudutta. "INDIAN FILMS IN GLOBAL CONTEXT - MONEY OR CREATIVITY!" GAP GYAN - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2018): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47968/gapgyan.11003.
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‘Art does not go global because its creator is consciously working towards a worldwide impact.’ It ought to be straightforward to present a description of the ‘world’s biggest film industry’, but Indian film scholars find it difficult to come to terms with its diversity and seeming contradictions. The biggest single mistake that non-Indian commentators make is to assume that ‘Indian Film Industry ’ is the same thing as Indian Cinema. It is not. The Indian film industry is always changing and as traditional cinemas close in the South and more multiplexes open, there may be a shift towards main stream Hindi films. But the South is building multiplexes too and it is worth noting that Hollywood distributors have started to release films in India dubbed into several languages. India's various popular cinemas are not all alike, and the differences among them are not restricted to language. They address different identities; the language communities sometimes transcend national boundaries, as when Tamil cinema is followed avidly in Malaysia. "Bollywood" is a recent, global appellation, but mainstream Hindi cinema tried to address national concerns even under colonial rule. When the English-spoken media in India clamour for a better quality of cinema, what they desire is a cinema that is forged in the Western tradition of storytelling and narrative.
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Kosinova, Marina Ivanovna. "Soviet cinema as a state budget’s contributor. Distribution in the 1930s." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2014): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik618-22.
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The idea of replacing revenues from alcohol sale with income from cinema attendance was put forward by L. Trotsky in Soviet Russia in the early 1920s. At the stage of transition from silent cinema to the sound one this idea received a significant number of supporters. Anyhow attendance statistics proved a considerable gap between alcohol profitability and yield, calculated on theatre booking. In order to heal the situation quite a number of new cinemas had to be built. Since the state did not have adequate resources at its disposal, it was decided to refurbish the churches into cinema theatres. As a result the two important aims were to be gained: efficient increase of attendance and effective antireligious propaganda. Achievements of Soviet cinema in the early 1930s supported the idea of cinema to triumph over alcohol. Iosif Stalin proclaimed the replacement of the income from vodka with income from cinema as an official party and state program: expanding industrial base of the Soviet cinema, making more films, increasing the film circulation, building more cinemas. I. Stalins idea was to be realized by the chairman of the GUKF B. Shumyatsky. Acquainted with American and European experience, he proposed a number of reforms in the film industry, the key to which was the creation of the Cinema city in the South of the country, the Soviet Hollywood. As a result, the Soviet film industry had to be increased 10 times. But the project of the Cinema city was not approved by the government. While B. Shumyatsky was working over this project, the assets of the Soviet cinema were actually put on the slide. As a result, the output of film production in Russia decreased significantly, not allowing to execute the annual plan. Thus the idea to replace vodka income into cinema one turned out unfulfilled.
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Bowles, Kate. "Limit of Maps? Locality and Cinema-Going in Australia." Media International Australia 131, no. 1 (May 2009): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913100110.
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Cinema-going is a cultural experience shaped by logistics and mobility, as film distributors and exhibitors operate to enable films to be screened in places and at times when audiences can physically assemble to view them together. A historical understanding of the geography of cinema distribution, exhibition and attendance can therefore help us to understand what factors other than the choice of film title may have shaped the experience of the cinema audience. This article uses samples of trade commentary on small country cinemas in the late 1920s from the Australian trade journal Everyones, and suggests that historical GIS maps could help us to understand regional differences in the cinema-going experience, or track phenomena such as the diffusion of racial and social segregation in cinemas. Nevertheless, we need to remain mindful of the limits of maps to adequately explain the cultural experience of encountering these phenomena.
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Thissen, Judith. "Understanding Dutch film culture." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 6 (December 19, 2013): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.6.02.
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In terms of cinema attendance, the Netherlands has always differed from other European countries. During the first decade of permanent film exhibition "a crucial phase in cinema's development as a mass medium" the movies failed to gain a firm foothold in Dutch society. After a discussion of the prevailing explanations for the low provision of cinemas in the Netherlands, this article develops a comparative analytical framework to better assess the regional dynamics at work within Dutch film culture. In particular, it looks at cinemagoing in the industrialised countryside, combining a qualitative examination of the local social and cultural infrastructure with a quantitative analysis of census data. The agro-industrial North Eastern part of Groningen and the mining district in the South of Limburg are singled out because in both regions we witness a very high density of film venues, suggesting metropolitan patterns in cinema attendance.
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Nagib, Lúcia. "Non-Cinema, or The Location of Politics in Film." Film-Philosophy 20, no. 1 (February 2016): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2016.0007.
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Philosophy has repeatedly denied cinema in order to grant it artistic status. Adorno, for example, defined an ‘uncinematic’ element in the negation of movement in modern cinema, ‘which constitutes its artistic character’. Similarly, Lyotard defended an ‘acinema’, which rather than selecting and excluding movements through editing, accepts what is ‘fortuitous, dirty, confused, unclear, poorly framed, overexposed’. In his Handbook of Inaesthetics, Badiou embraces a similar idea, by describing cinema as an ‘impure circulation’ that incorporates the other arts. Resonating with Bazin and his defence of ‘impure cinema’, that is, of cinema's interbreeding with other arts, Badiou seems to agree with him also in identifying the uncinematic as the location of the Real. This article will investigate the particular impurities of cinema that drive it beyond the specificities of the medium and into the realm of the other arts and the reality of life itself. Privileged examples will be drawn from various moments in film history and geography, starting with the analysis of two films by Jafar Panahi: This Is Not a Film (In film nist, 2011), whose anti-cinema stance in announced in its own title; and The Mirror (Aineh, 1997), another relentless exercise in self-negation. It goes on to examine Kenji Mizoguchi's deconstruction of cinematic acting in his exploration of the geidomono genre (films about theatre actors) in The Story of the Last Chrysanthemums (Zangigku monogatari, 1939), and culminates in the conjuring of the physical experience of death through the systematic demolition of film genres in The Act of Killing (Joshua Oppenheimer et al., 2012).
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Косинова, Марина, and Marina Kosinova. "Technical base of soviet cinema in the period of “stagnation”." Servis Plus 10, no. 1 (February 26, 2016): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17485.
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The article is devoted to such technical aspects of Soviet cinema as cinema spreading, film, movie taking and film equipment. We consider the activities of NIKFI [National Research film and photo institute] in the 1970s. One of the major problems in cinema spreading is a deep-rooted lag of the cinema network from the audience needs. There was not only few cinemas, but also there was less technical equipment which often left much to be desired. In addition, large one-hall cinemas, which always prevailed in the USSR, significantly narrowed the choice of repertoire. In the late 1970’s – early 1980’s in the Soviet Union there was dramatically reduced cinema building, while the number of urban residents continued to grow. Status of rural cinema network also left much to be desired: it was often increased at the expense of the reorganization of rooms poorly adapted for this purpose into cinemas. The technical base of the Soviet film industry has always been its Achilles heel. In our country, there was always a certain gap between the level of scientific research and their practical realization. The reason is that all the forces were at the defense industry. A huge number of people (even in “peaceful” factories there were often secret workshops) employs on the “defense industry”. So in many fields we had advanced science (because the “defense industry” science always moves forward) and backward production. The perversity of this approach negatively affected the efficiency of NIKFI. Laboratories operating according to the plans approved by Institute of State cinema were busy with works which were not directly related to the cinematography; as the result, every year the Soviet Cinema equipment remained more and more behind the world standards, equipment dilapidated and were gradually replaced by foreign novelties. Especially serious lag observed in a number of areas cinema techniques: in the projection, the developing and copying equipment, new types of imaging optics, carrier transport. The most difficult situation was in the production and development of new varieties of film. In the late 1970s and early 1980s the problem of the quality laid on the problem of the quantity. Soviet film industry began to have trouble with positive film, which resulted in a forced reduction in circulation of new films.
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Talmacs, Nicole. "Chinese cinema and Australian audiences: an exploratory study." Media International Australia 175, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x20908083.
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Since Wanda’s acquisition of Hoyts Group in 2015, and Australia’s signing of the Film Co-production Treaty with China in 2008, Chinese cinema has gained access to mainstream Australian cinemas more than ever before. To date, these films have struggled to cross over into the mainstream (that is, attract non-diasporic audiences). Drawing on film screenings of a selection of both Chinese and Chinese-foreign co-productions recently theatrically released in major cities in Australia, this article finds Chinese and Chinese-foreign co-produced cinema will likely continue to lack appeal among non-Chinese Australian audiences. Concerningly, exposure to contemporary Chinese cinema was found to negatively impact willingness to watch Chinese cinema again, and in some cases, worsen impressions of China and Chinese society.
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Kaur, Harmanpreet. "At Home in the World: Co-productions and Indian Alternative Cinema." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 11, no. 2 (December 2020): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927620983941.
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Several Indian filmmakers and production houses making ‘alternative’ and ‘independent films’ have sought to develop co-production deals with European film funds, international film festivals, film markets and sales agents. Their bid is to build a profile with art house and ‘specialty cinema’ audiences in Europe, Asia and the USA, while also seeking to impact the Indian domestic market. This article analyses the assembling of such productions, and their aesthetic form, including a reflection on charges that their adaptation to international distribution requires a conformity to what is acceptable and intelligible to ‘international audiences’. It also explores how alternative films oriented to international art cinema affect the understanding of what constitutes ‘national cinemas’. The article explores these themes through two films, Qissa (2013) and The Lunchbox (2012).
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Rovai, Mauro Luiz. "MANHÃ CINZENTA: SOCIOLOGIA E CINEMA / Gray morning: sociology and cinema." arte e ensaios 26, no. 40 (December 2, 2020): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37235/ae.n40.24.
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O artigo analisa o filme Manhã cinzenta (1969), dirigido e produzido por Olney São Paulo e fotografia de José Carlos Avellar. A trama gira em torno de um acontecimento (um golpe de Estado) ocorrido em lugar não mencionado (embora identificável). A ideia é identificar as relações encenadas entre os grupos sociais mencionados no filme, com ênfase nas duas personagens principais, tomando como hipótese a ideia de que o filme pode ser visto como uma espécie de “dispositivo de alerta”.Palavras-chave: Sociologia; Análise de filme; “Dispositivo de alerta”.AbstractThe article analyzes the film Morning Gray (1969), directed and produced by Olney São Paulo and photography by José Carlos Avellar. The plot revolves around an event (a coup d'état) that took place in an unmentioned (though identifiable) place. The idea is to point out the staged relationships between the social groups mentioned in the film, with an emphasis on the two main characters, taking as an hypothesis the idea that the film can be seen as a kind of “warning device”.Keywords: Sociology; Film analysis; “Warning device”.
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Nag, Anugyan, and Spandan Bhattacharya. "The Politics Around ‘B-Grade’ Cinema in Bengal: Re-viewing popular Bengali film culture in the 1980s‒1990s." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2011.1.3935.
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Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityThe 1980–90s was a turbulent period for the Bengali cinema, the events being triggered by a series of industrial problems, the anxiety of a new film public and the pressing necessity for newer forms of articulation. During this time, Bengali popular cinema responded with newer genres of narratives (elaborated later) that emerged from dissimilar aesthetic positions and different social perspectives. But it is unfortunate that instead of engaging with this diverse range of film making practices, the journalistic and academic discourses on the 1980–90s Bengali cinema present only the ‘crisis-ridden’ scenarios of the Bengali film industry―suffering from multiple problems. Interestingly, this marginalized and unacknowledged cinema of the 1980–90s almost became synonymous to the concept of the ‘B-grade’ cinema, although it is not similar in formation, circulation and reception like the other established B-circuit or B-grade cinemas across the world. This paper aims to criticize this simpler ‘crisis narrative’ scenario by looking at the categories of class and audience and questioning the relevance of issues related to the popularity of these films. In brief, our article aims to problematize the notion of what is ‘B-grade’ cinema in the context of the Bengali cinema of the 1980–90s and by referring to this film culture, it tries to open up some other possibilities to which this notion can refer.
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Holtmeier, Matthew. "The Modern Political Cinema: From Third Cinema to Contemporary Networked Biopolitics." Film-Philosophy 20, no. 2-3 (October 2016): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2016.0017.
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Political cinema, particularly third cinema of the 1960s and subsequently inspired films, often relies upon the formation and transformation of subjectivity. Such films depict a becoming-political of their characters, such as Ali LaPointe's transformation from bricklayer and boxer to revolutionary in Battle of Algiers (La battaglia di Algeri, Gillo Pontecorvo, 1966 ). As subjects are politicized, they reveal social, moral, existential, or ethical exigencies that drive the politics of the film. In this respect, most narrative-driven political cinema is biopolitical cinema, although its expression shifts from film to film, or from one period of time to another. Gilles Deleuze articulated such a shift in his two works on cinema, Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image. Namely, he points to the breaking of the link between action and reaction that marks a shift from pre-World War II cinema to the postwar filmmaking environment. To update Deleuze's project on political cinema, this article posits another qualitative shift in political cinema stemming from the emergence of neoliberal economic policies and the growth of networked information systems from the 1990s to the present. This shift compromises earlier models of political cinema and results in a modern political cinema based on the fragmentation of political publics and the formation of new political exigencies. Two films set in Algeria will be used to document this shift in political modes, in a move towards the modern political cinema: Battle of Algiers and Outside the Law (Hors-la-loi, Rachid Bouchareb, 2010 ).
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Sorfa, David. "Introduction: Cinema Is." Film-Philosophy 20, no. 2-3 (October 2016): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2016.0010.
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Косинова, Марина, and Marina Kosinova. "Distributing and returning mechanism of Soviet cinema in the period of «stagnation»." Servis Plus 10, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19460.
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The article discusses the process of film distribution in Soviet cinema in the 1970s. This complex, multi-path way of the film to the viewer that begins with scenarios of application, and finishes with the replication of film prints. This article describes the mechanism of film award, the system of payment of fees (“production fees”) of the Soviet filmmakers, depending on the category and the payment process “potirazhnye” («printing fees»). The author analyzes the work of «GUKK»- General Directorate of cinema spreading and the distribution, the specifics of its work in the “stagnation”, considering the work of the distribution companies and cinemas, the mechanism of distribution of gross income of cinemas, in the period of “stagnation”, they were rather nominal
in nature. Every filmmaker knew only his job and his salary, the overall picture of the industry was not inter-esting for him. Distributing and returning links of Soviet cinema, in essence, were not for its return and were separated from production. According to the notorious principle of thematic planning it was obligatory to make certain proportions of films about the leading role of the party and its leaders, revolution, the working class, the collective farm of the village and etc. The Soviet Studio were to run the movies of similar subjects every year regardless of whether they had appropriate, high-quality scripts, good Directors and, most importantly, potential
audience. Based on the studied material the author concludes that in the 1970-ies the Central headquarters of the Soviet cinematography – Institute of State cinema of USSR –determined: who, what, where and when to watch at the cinemas. The professional consciousness of each member of the creative team, therefore, did not fix the desire to achieve success with the audience, and the willingness to achieve recognition by the College of the Institute of State cinema and the film award of the highest category (which assumed significant additional benefits and bonuses). However, Institute of State cinema («Goskino»), the state cinema management was not the ultimate authority in the control of cinema industry process. At the head of the system was the Communist party.
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Betancourt, Manuel. "Whose Latin American Cinema?" Film Quarterly 70, no. 2 (2016): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2016.70.2.9.
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What do we talk about when we talk about Latin American cinema within the borders of the United States? Discussions of cinema from the region remain limited to the means of production: which films are produced and financed; how local filmmakers secure the money and access to make the films that then get tied to any given country's national cinema; the aesthetic and cultural movements that these films engender and replicate. But what of the distribution templates that circumscribe the kind of films and filmmakers that can make it to the United States, and under which circumstances? Looking at examples of film programming and distribution that are actively circumventing the established arthouse-release model that has become the de facto way of releasing Latin American cinema in the U.S., this article points to new efforts at defining cinemas of the region outside the bounds of an increasingly obsolete system.
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Rifeser, Judith. "Patricia White (2015) Women's Cinema, World Cinema: Projecting Contemporary Feminisms." Film-Philosophy 21, no. 1 (February 2017): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2017.0037.
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Fuica, Beatriz Tadeo. "The Foundational Manifesto of New Argentine Cinema? Israel Adrián Caetanos ‘Agustín Tosco Propaganda‘ (1995)." Film Studies 16, no. 1 (2017): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.16.0007.
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Agustín Tosco Propaganda was published in the Argentine film journal El Amante Cine. It was written by Israel Adrián Caetano before his film Pizza, Beer and Cigarettes (Caetano and Stagnaro, 1998) triggered the concept of New Argentine Cinema. In this provocative text, Caetano criticised the way Argentine cinema had usually been made and, in a form of manifesto, he presented the principles that his own films – and those of many other young directors – have followed since then. Although New Argentine Cinema has been thoroughly studied in the English-speaking academia, only a few authors have made reference to this seminal text. Being aware of the principles set in this manifesto more than twenty years ago will help researchers and students understand some important features that tend to be overlooked when exploring not only Argentinean cinema, but also many other cinemas of the region.
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BEUGNET, MARTINE. "Cinema and Sensation: Contemporary French Film and Cinematic Corporeality1.This article is part of a larger research project published in 2007 by Edinburgh University Press as a monograph entitled Cinema and Sensation: French Film and the Art of Transgression." Paragraph 31, no. 2 (July 2008): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0264833408000187.
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One of the most fascinating phenomena in contemporary art cinema is the re-emergence of a corporeal cinema, that is, of filmmaking practices (and, by extension, of theoretical approaches) that give precedence to cinema as the medium of the senses. This article thus explores trends of filmmaking and film theorizing where the experience of cinema is conceived as a unique combination of sensation and thought, of affect and reflection. It argues that, reconnecting with a certain tradition of French film theory in particular, contemporary French cinema offers a point in case: a large collection of recently released French films typify this willingness to explore cinema's unique capacity to move us both viscerally and intellectually. In turn, the article suggests that such films, envisaged as forms of embodied thought, offer alternative ways, beyond that of mere appropriation and consumption, of envisaging the relationship of subjects to art, and, by extension, of subjects to objective world.
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Sheremeta, Bozhena, Nataliya Chukhray, and Oleh Karyy. "Marketing tools as the competitiveness enhancer of the Ukrainian film distribution market entities." Innovative Marketing 15, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.15(4).2019.08.
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The main goal of the article is to study the features of film marketing and distribution of film products in Ukraine and to determine what kind of marketing tools are appropriate to be used within a cinema network to ensure their competitiveness in the national film distribution market.This article determines the characteristics of the movie market services and their compliance with modern consumer requirements, outlining the directions for increasing the usefulness of cinema-related services to consumers and developing a set of marketing tools to ensure the competitiveness of the cinema market.The results of the assessment of the impact of competitive forces revealed that intra-industry competition has the strongest impact on private cinema networks, the consumers of film distribution services and potential competitors have the moderate influence, the suppliers and substitute services have a low level of influence. According to the results of the survey, it can be concluded that cinemas are worth reducing the cost of tickets (this can be done by introducing the promotions and discounts for regular customers), since the solvency of a larger population does not correspond to the level of ticket prices. Also expanding the range of products will allow the consumers to spend more time in the cinema, which will lead to an increase in the value of the average check. Cinemas are quite realistic to open their own pizzerias or bars to add value to their customers.
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Fleming, David H. "Alain Badiou (2013) Cinema and Alex Ling (2010) Badiou and Cinema." Film-Philosophy 17, no. 1 (December 2013): 468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2013.0027.
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Brown, William, and David H. Fleming. "Voiding Cinema: Subjectivity Beside Itself, or Unbecoming Cinema inEnter the Void." Film-Philosophy 19, no. 1 (December 2015): 124–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2015.0008.
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Drubek, Natascha. "The Birth of Cinema in the Russian Empire and Film Censorship." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik948-21.
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The article analyses two closely interrelated research topics: the nature of pre-revolutionary film censorship and the question of the beginnings of cinema in Russia. Early film censorship cannot be studied without considering the arrival of cinema, and, vice versa, since the birth of cinema in the Russian Empire is related to the first cases of censorship. The author argues that the widely accepted date of 1907/8 as the starting point needs to be revised. Even before large-scale commercial production and distribution of feature films such as Stenka Razin, in different parts of the Russian Empire ample evidence of growing enthusiasm for the recording of movement can be found. Engineers, inventors, photographers, and showmen became fledgling filmmakers. The author bases her argumentation on the birth of cinema in Russia mainly on examples dating back to the 19th century. During the festivities of Nicholas II coronation in May 1896 the French cinema apparatus clashed with the Imperial Police in Moscow. After Russian screenings of Lumires films containing a selection of moving images of the Emperor, the Russian court took matters in their hands and started producing their own Royal films - both private home movies and those chosen for public screenings. This is the moment when a relatively stable, yet not public form of film production was established inside Russia continuing for two decades: the Tsar and his family being filmed by the court photographers Matuszewski, and later Jagielski. Some of these court film chronicles were also shown in cinema-theatres. The article also treats the reasons for the later suppression of these early Royal film production in Soviet historiography. While establishing a tight bond between Lenin and the film medium, Soviet film historians had to bury the pivotal role the Imperial court played in cinemas beginning in Russia. After having been the first object of foreign actualities in Russia, Nicholas II became not only a patron of Imperial film productions; moreover, the interference of Court censorship, overseen by the Ministry of the Interior, made clear that films shown and produced in Russia would have to deal with several censorship institutions protecting the representation of the sacred and regulating the free flow of information. The earliest example is the police confiscating a camera with film material shot by Lumires film reporters in Khodynka in May 1896. At this very early stage a procedure is set for the rise to a development of practices of film censorship.
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Stojanova, Christina. "The Great War: Cinema, Propaganda, and The Emancipation of Film Language." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausfm-2017-0006.
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AbstractThe relation between war and cinema, propaganda and cinema is a most intriguing area, located at the intersection of media studies, history and film aesthetics. A truly tragic moment in human history, the First World War was also the first to be fought before film cameras. And while in the field, airborne reconnaissance became cinematic (Virilio), domestic propaganda occupied the screen of the newly emergent national cinemas, only to see its lucid message challenged and even subverted by the fast-evolving language of cinema. Part one of this paper looks at three non-fiction films, released in 1916:Battle of Somme, With Our Heroes at the Somme(Bei unseren Helden an der Somme) andBattle of Somme(La Bataille de la Somme), as paradigmatic propaganda takes on the eponymous historical battle from British, German and French points of view. Part two analyses two war-time Hollywood melodramas, David Wark Griffith’sHearts of the World(1918) and Allen Holubar’sThe Heart of Humanity(1919), and explains the longevity of the former with the powerful “text effect” of the authentic wartime footage included. Thus, while these WWI propaganda works do validate Virilio’s ideas of the integral connections between technology, war and cinema, and between cinema and propaganda, they also herald the emancipation of post-WWI film language.
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Balan, Canan. "Islam, Consciousness and Early Cinema: Said Nursî and the Cinema of God." Film-Philosophy 20, no. 1 (February 2016): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2016.0004.
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The early 20thcentury works of Kurdish Islamic thinker Said Nursî explore how cinema can provide access to the divine. Yet, considering the periods of Nursî’s life that were spent in prison, or in exile in remote locations, it is likely that the cinema he was discussing was, very specifically, the early silent cinema of attractions. Thus the distinctive format of this cinema can be uncovered in, and seen to structure, Nursî’s formulation of ‘God's cinema’. With this proposition in mind, this article indicates something of the potential that an engagement with Nursî’s cinematic writing offers for reconsidering topics already much discussed in film-philosophy, such as that of time in the works of Gilles Deleuze.
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Devasundaram, Ashvin. "Cyber Buccaneers, Public and Pirate Spheres: The Phenomenon of Bittorrent Downloads in the Transforming Terrain of Indian Cinema." Media International Australia 152, no. 1 (August 2014): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415200112.
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The polemic circumscribing the rise and regulation of new independent Indian cinema is a compelling example of vicissitudes in India's public sphere. This article locates a growing access to new independent Indian films through pirate spheres, reflected in the burgeoning popularity of BitTorrent websites, particularly among young, urban Indians, disenchanted by inaccessibility due to regulations and multiplex cinemas' expensive ticket-pricing system. It precipitates deeper discourses of ‘migrating’ cinema audiences, an ambivalent state of film and internet regulation, and civil resistance, exemplified in the recent Madras High Court volte face, unblocking banned BitTorrent websites. This article invokes interviews with independent filmmakers also utilising the paradigm of independent Bengali film Gandu (2010) – purportedly denied a release for its graphic sexual content, and yet widely accessed via BitTorrent and YouTube. Ultimately, this study examines the discursive ramifications of new independent Indian cinema in a metamorphosing Indian cinema sphere.
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Higgins, MaryEllen. "The Winds of African Cinema." African Studies Review 58, no. 3 (November 23, 2015): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.76.
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Abstract:This article argues for a departure from theories of new cinema “waves” and proposes the notion of cinema “winds” as a more compelling conceptual framework for studies of African film movements. Building on the work of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Manthia Diawara, Ken Harrow, and Nwachukwu Frank Ukadike, in addition to commentaries by various African film directors, this article looks at various dimensions of global visibility and the elusive movements of African cinemas. It also explores how African directors challenge habits of seeing and interpreting world cinema.
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Akopyan, A. R., A. M. Arakelyan, Yu V. Vorontsova, and V. V. Krysov. "Evaluation of approaches to the regulation of digital film distribution." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 4 (June 5, 2021): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-4-32-36.
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The article considers approaches to the state regulation of digital film distribution, evaluates them. The paper generalizes them in the form of proposals for anti-piracy regulation, promotion of original content of online cinemas in international markets, as well as for effective interaction of online cinemas with the Ministry of Culture and the Cinema Foundation. This will resolve the issue of serious competition to traditional cinemas, since the viewer has the opportunity to watch their favorite films without leaving home, and also related to the start of work on their own exclusive content of a large number of digital platforms. The state obliges digital platforms to provide information about the number of views of their content in a single automated information system. This information helps to assess the effectiveness of budget support for cinema, since there are examples of films that did not collect a large box office at the box office but were able to gain more than one million views on the Internet.
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Efird, Robert. "Sergei Parajanov's Differential Cinema." Film-Philosophy 22, no. 3 (October 2018): 465–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2018.0090.
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The films of Sergei Parajanov (1924–1990) remain some of the most stylistically unique in the history of the medium and easily place him within the pantheon of the world's great filmmakers. This article offers a new perspective on Parajanov's art through a detailed examination of the two works at the center of his oeuvre, The Colour of Pomegranates (1969) and The Legend of Suram Fortress (1985). In addition to their undeniable aesthetic value, these films may be appreciated as meaningful discourse on our conceptions of time, perception, and identity. Like Parajanov's other films, they dismantle the perceptual and narrative structure of classical cinema in order to stimulate awareness of an expressly raw layer of reality beneath what we customarily take to be static, indivisible essences or identities. With specific attention to the correlation of difference, repetition, and perception, this article also focuses on the effects this presentation of perpetual flux and variation has on consciousness and subjectivity within the films.
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Harvey, James. "Kriss Ravetto-Biagioli (2017) Mythopoetic Cinema: On the Ruins of European Cinema." Film-Philosophy 24, no. 2 (June 2020): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2020.0141.
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Martin, Philip. "Cinema's Vital Histories: Wabi-Cinema, Forces and the Aesthetics of Resistance." Film-Philosophy 21, no. 3 (October 2017): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2017.0055.
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Many films, both narrative and documentary, explore the relationship between history and politics or ethics. This may be accomplished when fictional narrative films enact ethical arguments regarding history in cinematic form, when documentary films explicitly seek to uncover lost histories of political oppression, or films may experientially and aesthetically stage ethical experience with respect to historical meanings and contexts. There are some cases where such ethical-historical experience is explored through the specific aesthetic form of the film in relation to its narrative. Ask This of Rikyū (Rikyū ni tazuneyo, Tanaka Mitsutoshi, 2013) is one such example. In this paper, I will suggest that film can explore the relation of aesthetic experience to the ethico-political character of history, opening up ways of responding aesthetically to concrete political conditions. Ask This of Rikyū accomplishes this by interrogating the possibility of a wabi-cinema, established with respect to its title character, his individual aesthetic practices, and his personal political circumstances. I will draw upon the work of Gilles Deleuze alongside Kyōto School philosopher Nishida Kitarō in order to articulate the way in which Ask This of Rikyū explores the relation of artistic activity and aesthetic experience to the general ethical and political forces that feed into history.
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Rice, Tom. "Distant Voices of Malaya, Still Colonial Lives." Journal of British Cinema and Television 10, no. 3 (July 2013): 430–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2013.0149.
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Through the example of the Crown film Voices of Malaya (1948), this article examines interrelated postwar shifts in colonial history and British documentary cinema. Produced over three tumultuous years (1945–8) – in Malaya and England, with local film-makers and British documentarians – Voices of Malaya is a hybrid text torn between traditions of British documentary cinema and an emerging instructional, colonial cinema; between an international cinema for overseas audiences and a local cinema used within government campaigns and between an earlier ideal of empire and a rapidly changing, late liberal imperialism. The article challenges the traditional decline and fall narrative of the British documentary movement, as I examine the often overlooked ‘movement overseas’ of film-makers, practices and ideologies into the colonies after the war. In charting the emergence of the Malayan Film Unit, I examine the role of the British documentary movement in the formation of local postcolonial cinemas.
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Спивакова, Карина, Karina Spivakova, Артур Аракелян, and Artur Arakelyan. "ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE DOMESTIC FILM INDUSTRY." Servis Plus 10, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21122.
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The formation of scientifically grounded approaches to improve the management of the film industry needs to analyze the contemporary state of film industry in order to identify its most important problems and untapped opportunities for further dynamic and effective development. The analysis of the status and trends of Russian cinema-business development, the peculiarities of its historical development and study of logic interdependent processes are relevant prerequisites for solving the problem of forming of risk management system of project im- plementation; because in many cases these risks are caused by the specificity of Russian cinema and features of its functioning. The article is devoted to the analysis of the contemporary state of the domestic film industry based on which it is possible to make the conclusion about the need to improve management. The author analyzes the main economic indicators of the industry and describes the main development trends and their positive and negative features. The author studies thoroughly such indicators as dynamics of film distribution in the Russian film market, divided into the percentage of domestic and foreign films, attendance of cinemas in Russia, the number of cinemas and particular cinema hall in the country, takings of the Russian and foreign film projects, the production facilities of film studios, etc. A detailed analysis of the statistical data for the last 10 years allows the author to make the main conclusion about the origin of real prerequisites for the formation and development of scientifically based management systems in general and risk management system in particular in the production of Russian film projects.
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López, Ana M. "The State of Things: New Directions in Latin American Film History." Americas 63, no. 2 (October 2006): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500062969.
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Twenty-five years ago, English-language scholarship on Latin American film was almost entirely identified with the New Latin American Cinema movement. The emerging “new” cinemas of Brazil, Cuba and Argentina, linked to evolving social movements and to the renewal of the pan-Latin American dreams of Martí and Bolivar (Nuestra América, “Our America”), had captured the imagination of U.S.-based and other scholars. As I argued in a 1991 review essay, unlike other national cinemas which were introduced into English-language scholarship via translations of “master histories” written by nationals (for example, the German cinema, which was studied through the histories of Sigfried Kracauer and Lotte Eisner), the various Latin American cinemas were first introduced in English-language scholarship in the 1970s ahistorically, through contemporary films and events reported in non-analytical articles that provided above all, political readings and assessments. Overall, this first stage of Latin American film scholarship was plagued by problems that continued to haunt researchers through the 1980s: difficult access to films, scarce historical data, and unverifiable secondary sources. Above all, this work displayed a blissful disregard of the critical and historical work written in Spanish and Portuguese and published in Latin America.
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Sokoloff, Naomi. "Cinema Studies/Jewish Studies, 2011–2013." AJS Review 38, no. 1 (April 2014): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009414000075.
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In an era of massive university budget cuts and pervasive malaise regarding the future of the humanities, cinema and media studies continue to be a growth industry. Many academic fields have been paying increasing attention to film, in terms of both curriculum development and research. Jewish studies is no exception. Since 2011, a boom in publications has included a range of new books that deal with Jews on screen, Jewish themes in cinema, and the construction of Jewish identity through film. To assess what these recent titles contribute to Jewish cinema studies, though, requires assessing the parameters of the field—and that is no easy task. The definition of what belongs is as elastic as the boundaries of Jewish identity and as perplexing as the perennial question, who is a Jew? Consequently, the field is wildly expansive, potentially encompassing the many geographical locales where films on Jewish topics have been produced as well as the multiple languages and cinematic traditions within which such films have emerged. At issue are not just numerous national cinemas, but also transnational productions and international histories. Yiddish film, for instance, was produced in Poland, the Soviet Union, the US, Argentina, and other places as well. Compounding the challenge of assessing the field of Jewish film is the fact that Jewish studies overlaps with Holocaust studies, itself a vast enterprise that has grown dramatically over the past two decades. A simple WorldCat search, restricted to scholarly books from respectable academic presses, turns up dozens of titles on cinema and the Holocaust published since the year 2000. Not surprisingly, the long-standing debates on “what is Jewish literature?” have morphed into controversy over “what is Jewish cinema”?
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Joseph, Jenson. "Cinema and the political in Kerala: On Mukhamukham and Amma Ariyan." Studies in South Asian Film & Media 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/safm_00011_1.
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Abstract This article contrasts two seminal Malayalam films from the 1980s to understand the fraught relations between the Left politics and cinema in Kerala. The first part of the article argues that Mukhamukham ('Face to face', 1984) is a film in which its auteur director Adoor Gopalakrishnan identifies the Left political discourse and the medium of cinema as two powerful-popular epistemic tools at disposal in the region, but ultimately elevating cinema's resources as superior in taking us closer to truth. In the second part, I look at John Abraham's iconic Amma Ariyan ('Report to mother', 1986), to argue that the film came to be accepted widely and undisputedly as a political film mainly due to its (symbolic) privileging of the energies of collective affect ‐ inalienable to both the Left politics and cinema ‐ over contemplation and endevours of distanced intellectual knowledge production.
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Giuliani, Luca, and Sabrina Negri. "Missing Links: Digital Cinema, Analogical Archives, Film Historiography." Intermédialités, no. 18 (May 7, 2012): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009074ar.
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The sudden and permeating rise of digital technologies has been widely investigated by film critics and scholars. However, most studies tend to focus on the impact of digital technologies on contemporary film production, distribution, exhibition and the finished products it brings forth, reserving too little attention to the massive digitization of born-analog films. The production of digital motion pictures marks an unprecedented breaking point in history, putting the very nature of “film” and “cinema” at stake, while the digitization of film prints risks having an irreversible feedback effect on cinema's technological history. Focusing on two case studies—the 1995 restoration of the 1949 color version of Jacques Tati's Jour de fête and the discovery of some 16mm reels on nitrate stock in a collection deposited with the Museo Nazionale del Cinema in Torino, Italy—we illuminate the importance of technology for film historiography and reassert the need for a joint effort on the part of archives and academic institutions in the preservation of film memory for future generations.
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Newland, Paul. "‘I didn't think I'd be working on this type of film’: Berberian Sound Studio and British Art Film as Alternative Film History." Journal of British Cinema and Television 13, no. 2 (April 2016): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2016.0312.
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It could be said that the films of the director Peter Strickland are in many ways exemplars of a rich strain of twenty-first-century British art cinema. Like work by Andrea Arnold, Steve McQueen, Jonathan Glazer, Lynne Ramsay, Ben Wheatley and Sam Taylor-Wood, among others, Strickland's three feature-length films to date are thought-provoking, well-crafted, prestigious, quality productions. But in this article I show that while Strickland's second feature-length film, Berberian Sound Studio, conforms to some of the commonly held understandings of the key traits of British art cinema – especially through its specific history of production and exhibition, its characterisation, its narrative structure, and its evidencing of the vision of an auteur – ultimately it does not sit comfortably within most extant histories of British national cinema or film genre, including art cinema. More than this, though, I argue that in its challenge to such extant critical traditions, Berberian Sound Studio effectively operates as ‘art film as alternative film history’. I demonstrate that it does this through the foregrounding of Strickland's cine-literacy, which notices and in turn foregrounds the historically transnational nature of cinema, and, at the same time, playfully and knowingly disrupts well-established cultural categories and coherent, homogenous histories of cinema.
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Hoyle, Brian. "When Peter Met Sergei: Art Cinema Past, Present and Future in Eisenstein in Guanajuato." Journal of British Cinema and Television 13, no. 2 (April 2016): 312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2016.0315.
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Peter Greenaway has established himself as one of British cinema's most distinctive film-makers. Yet he also remains one of its most controversial and problematic figures. In the 1980s and early1990s, alongside Derek Jarman, Greenaway came to embody British art cinema. He subsequently has taken on the paradoxical status of a major film-maker who simultaneously exists on the margins. He has also become a self-imposed exile who believes that his unique brand of art cinema is best appreciated on the continent. In effect, Greenaway has become British art cinema's prodigal son. This article focuses on Eisenstein in Guanajuato (2015), a semi-fictionalised account of the ten days that Eisenstein spent in the city of Guanajuato while filming the uncompleted Que Viva Mexico! The article argues that what makes Eisenstein in Guanajuato so resonant is the way in which Greenaway both celebrates cinema's past while also daring to suggest a possible future. Indeed, while this article will show that the film is part of a new phase in Greenaway's career which is devoted to biographical films about artists, Eisenstein in Guanajuato is no simple biopic of Eisenstein. Rather, it offers a complex fusion of both the Russian and British film-makers’ theories about the cinema, particularly their shared interest in film aspect ratios and the concept of the total art work. Furthermore, it stands as a superb illustration of Greenaway's vision of cinema as an interactive and encyclopaedic medium. As this is a co-production between the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Finland and Mexico, which featured no British investment and, at the time of writing, has yet to be shown in the UK, this article will also show that we require new ways of theorising art cinema not only in British but also in international contexts.
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Bakulev, Gennady P. "Cinematic media in digital culture." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik1118-14.
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Periods of important technological changes greatly influence film theory, as new films usually raise the key question: what is actually a film? This problem has been discussed by film theorists over many decades.
Todays film industry, in which digital technology is being successfully integrated in the traditional narrative media and combined with the established visual paradigms, clearly demonstrates how classical artistic approaches can go along with new technical developments.
Contemporary documentary cinema is a vivid example of the ways in which digital technology can expand and deepen the area of cinematic media. Basing themselves mostly on traditional formats, media makers create products which could be rightfully considered as new genres.
By restructuring cinemas borders film scholars widen the scope of their studies. One of the ideas attracting their attention is that of expanded cinema. This concept, suggested by Gene Youngblood, is usually related to experimental media, in which the perceptive context is the key aspect of artistic creativity.
The principal task of film researchers has been to follow the continually changing horizons of cinema in the context of film history. New schemes of development often create new problems which can be solved only by means of new critical tools.
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Iordanova, Dina. "Women’s Place in Film History: the Importance of Continuity." Panoptikum, no. 23 (August 24, 2020): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pan.2020.23.01.
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The author calls for continuity and continuation of the study of women’s cinema. Attention is drawn to the blurring of memory and even erasing women from the history of national film industries. They are not recognised as authors, while the history of cinema has been subject to the concept of the auteur film-maker. The filmmakers are made through the commitment and work of film critics and then cinema historians. The expert does not hide the fact that those relationships are strengthened by bonds of friendship, without the fear of being accused of having a lack of objectivity, and are often associated with the support of the author on the international festival circuit. The author calls for ‘watching across borders’, i.e. a supranational approach to the study of women’s cinema. Crossing the borders of national cinemas, in which the authors have not been recognised, allows a broader perspective to see the critical mass of the authors of world cinema. Politically, for the feminist cause, it is better to talk about European women’s cinema. Iordanova selects from the history of Central and Eastern European cinema, the names of authors who did not receive due attention. Moreover, she proposes specific inclusive and corrective feminist practices: the inclusion of filmmakers in the didactics, repertoires of film collections and festival selections; a commitment to self-study by watching at least one woman’s film a week.
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Porter, Laraine. "Women Musicians in British Silent Cinema Prior to 1930." Journal of British Cinema and Television 10, no. 3 (July 2013): 563–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2013.0158.
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Referencing a range of sources from personal testimonies, diaries, trade union reports and local cinema studies, this chapter unearths the history of women musicians who played to silent film. It traces the pre-history of their entry into the cinema business through the cultures of Edwardian female musicianship that had created a sizeable number of women piano and violin teachers who were able to fill the rapid demand created by newly built cinemas around 1910. This demand was further increased during the First World War as male musicians were called to the Front and the chapter documents the backlash from within the industry against women who stepped in to fill vacant roles. The chapter argues that women were central to creating the emerging art-form of cinema musicianship and shaping the repertoire of cinema music during the first three decades of the twentieth century. With the coming of sound, those women who had learned the cinema organ, in the face of considerable snobbery, were also well placed to continue musical careers in Cine-Variety during the 1930s and beyond. This article looks particularly at the careers of Ena Baga and Florence de Jong who went on to play for silent films until the 1980s.
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Casas-Tost, Helena, and Sara Rovira-Esteva. "Chinese cinema in Spain." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 581–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00109.cas.
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Abstract Audiovisual translation has become one of the main means of communication between cultures. Although the number of Chinese films that reach Spanish audiences is rather limited, the cinema is still a very powerful tool in bridging the gap between these two cultures. This paper aims to give an overview of the situation of Chinese cinema in Spain through audiovisual translation. In order to do so, a database of 500 Chinese films translated into Spanish has been created. For each film, different types of information organized into three blocks have been collected: firstly, data regarding the source film in Chinese; secondly, data on the translated film; and finally, information about paratexts related to the film in Chinese, Spanish and English. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of our data the main trends in Chinese-Spanish audiovisual translation from the mid-1970s to today are shown. Our results identify the most popular Chinese directors and the main genres and translation modalities. We point out the role of the translator and the importance of mediating languages; and, finally, we highlight the significance of distribution channels, particularly film festivals. This article aims at filling the gap with regard to research in audiovisual translation as an intercultural exchange between China and Spain.
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RAZLOGOV, KIRILL E., and EVGENIA V. PARKHOMENKO. "METAMORPHOSES OF THE CINEMA CLUB MOVEMENT." ART AND SCIENCE OF TELEVISION 17, no. 2 (2021): 241–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2021-17.2-241-271.
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The article is based on the studies by the Department for the Development and Approbation of Film Education Methods (VGIK) in the field of amateur film associations and cinema clubs. The authors profile the history of the Russian film club movement and analyze the significance of such associations for cultural enlightenment and comprehensive education of a personality. Such a survey is included in the international process of the formation of a cinephile community, who in the USSR were called nothing short of “kinomany” (movie addicts). A hundred years of experience of Russian film education, in the forms of both spontaneous amateur one and complex state one, is considered as a source of methods and best practices to be implemented in modern media education. The article also explains the influence of film clubs and their repertoire on the distribution and popularization of cinema works, especially on the so-called festival and “shelved” films, limited in release then and now becoming a battleground between commercial and artistic priorities of the filming process. The text contains stories and descriptions of participants in the film club movement: the founders of associations, curators and critics. Their interviews make it possible to imagine a three-dimensional picture of the life of cinema lovers’ communities. The main milestones in the history of the film club movement in the USSR and in the world are traced: the formation in the 1910s–1920s, the decline in the 1930s–1940s, the revival of the international festival movement abroad after World War II, and in Russia—during the perestroika, the crisis of the 1980s–1990s, the creation of the Cinema Club Federation, attempts to revive the Friends of Soviet Cinema Society, and modern trends related to the film club work in the context of international cooperation, which was initiated by the VI World Festival of Youth and Students. The Soviet experience is studied in correlation not only with the strengthening in Western Europe of such phenomena as film clubs and film lovers’ associations, but also with the formation of specialized art cinemas and the experiment of the cinema club network, which is predicted to play a special role in the post-pandemic era. Among other things, the authors’ attention is focused on the delicate balance, that accompanied the entire history of the film club movement: the balance between initiative of the people, a spontaneous mass movement, and state efforts to organize and structure this process, between the desire for creative freedom and strict censorship of the elite. The authors consider the domestic and foreign cinema club experience as an opportunity to distribute works of the Russian cinema art among the most interested audience and to establish a system of limited cinema club distribution, which would bring originators and the public closer together.
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Ryan, Mark David. "Film, Cinema, Screen." Media International Australia 136, no. 1 (August 2010): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1013600111.
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Astorino, Claudia Maria. "Cinema and Tourism." Revista Turismo em Análise 30, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 539–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1984-4867.v30i3p539-561.
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It is not a recent phenomenon that films encourage viewers to visit the places where they are set. This movement is called film-induced tourism and it has been gaining more and more studies and supporters. The associations that can be established between cinema and tourism, however, go far beyond this type of tourism, and this essay intends to present one of these associations: the one that investigates how films can be tools for teaching and learning in a Bachelor’s Degree in Tourism Course. With this scope, an eclectic study corpus was carried out, from which 40 films were selected in order to stimulate the discussion about the tourism practice. To optimize this discussion, topics that cover tourism market segmentation, tourism elements, jobs in the tourism industry, film-induced tours and the relationship between tourists and residents were established. The analysis of the findings showed that the films discussed along this essay can be used in the scope of different subjects in the context of Tourism undergraduate courses, as tools to illustrate and debate various aspects of the tourism activity.
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Amit, Rea. "What Is Japanese Cinema?" positions: asia critique 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 597–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-7726903.
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Imamura Taihei (1911–86) is considered by many to be the first film theorist in Japan, and he is known chiefly for his two grand theories on documentary film and animation. Yet, at the same time, Imamura also developed a third, no less ambitious theory, that of “Cinema and Japanese Art,” in which he specified the national characteristics of Japanese cinema. This essay concentrates on this third and less studied thesis. Although the argument Imamura puts forth in the thesis is elusive, aspects in it enable an interpretation of Japanese cinema along lines of phenomenological critical theory. From this perspective, it appears that Imamura establishes a theorization of national cinema that is predicated not on film as a product, or ontological aspects of what films project, but rather on the phenomenology of the film-watching experience. In effect, the thesis thus defines Japanese cinema not as the total sum of films produced in Japan, or by Japanese filmmakers, but as a shared watching experience of films regardless of their country of origin. Measuring Imamura’s thesis against other theories of Japanese national cinema that were published around the same time, during World War II, the essay argues that his theorization is in fact flexible enough to withstand more recent critique leveled against the notion of national cinema, and even allows radical new ways of thinking about national cinema in the contemporary moment of a new media environment and increasing transnational cultural flows.
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Aveyard, Karina, and Albert Moran. "Cinema-Going, Audiences and Exhibition." Media International Australia 139, no. 1 (May 2011): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1113900110.
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This special issue of Media International Australia represents an effort to progress critical understanding of the broader social and economic formations that shape the circulation and consumption of films. The collection provides a range of diverse and compelling insights into the processes of film circulation and viewing, both within the home and at the cinema. Accordingly, these articles address important questions such as: Why do audiences seek out film content? How are films accessed and by whom? What place does film have in popular social memory? How does the site of consumption shape the meaning of these cultural encounters? By what processes can we identify and study audiences?
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Moore, Cornelius. "African Cinema in the American Video Market." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 20, no. 2 (1992): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004716070050153x.
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There are probably a billion videocassettes in the United States. Yet few, probably under a thousand, are African films. I want to ask why this is and describe a strategy to change it.How can one of the least known and most under-funded cinemas in the world, African cinema, find a place in the most lavishly promoted and capitalized media marketplaces on earth, the U.S. feature film market?