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Journal articles on the topic 'Film color analysis'
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1
Zhang, Rong. "Computer Vision-Based Art Color in the Animation Film Performance Characteristics and Techniques." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 13, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5445940.
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If an animated film wants to present extraordinary visual effects, the successful use of art colors is the key to the success or failure of an animated film. Although our country’s animated film started a short time ago, its development has been slow. In modern times, it is difficult to compete with excellent animation works of other countries; animation is an art form that requires the combination of modern technology and traditional cultural areas. Chinese cartoons are gradually declining today when the technology is taking off. The reason is that the traditional culture of the country has not been thoroughly explored. In today’s diversified world, if you want to revive the brilliance of Chinese animation, you must deeply and systematically study various elements of national art and form your own creative thinking and creation system. Particularly under computer vision, the gap is very obvious. Under the computer vision, in order to study the characteristics and techniques of the use of fine art colors in animated films, to promote the development of animated films in China, this article analyzes the role of art color in the animation of excellent Chinese and foreign animation works in recent years, through literature analysis, comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis, etc., to study the meaning and application of color symbols, hoping to be a Chinese animation providing useful help for film creation and development. Studies have shown that color has a strong influence on animated films. A good use of artistic color can add a lot of color to an animated film. According to statistics, art colors account for at least 20% of excellent animation works, which can be integrated into animation colors. Animation works with domestic characteristics are easier to succeed. This shows that the use of artistic colors can play a key role in animated films.
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ZHENG, MINGZHI, YANGWEI WU, LIMEI LIN, WEIFENG ZHENG, YAN QU, and FACHUN LAI. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COLORED SOLAR SELECTIVE ABSORBING FILMS WITH THREE-LAYER STRUCTURE." Surface Review and Letters 19, no. 05 (2012): 1250046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x12500461.
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Using glasses with 200-nm Cu films as substrates, the colored solar energy selective absorbing films with three-layer structure had been designed by optical multilayer design software. The three layers materials were Fe doped AlN and AlN . The optical constants of Fe doped AlN films with different Fe volume fractions were calculated by the effective medium theories. The color of the absorbing films includes orange yellow, purplish pink, pink, purple, and green. The solar absorptance of each colored film is between 0.89 and 0.96. The thermal emittance is lower than 0.1. The green film has the highest brightness. The purplish pink film has the highest absorptance, while the orange yellow and purple films have the lowest emittance. The color, absorptance, emittance, and brightness of the green film at different angles of light incidence had been analyzed. When the incident angle increases from 0° to 50°, the color of the green film changes from green to blue, and its absorptance and emittance decrease.
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Chen, Ze Min, Zhi Li Wu, and Qiao Yun Zhang. "Analysis of the Color Phosphating Process Influence Factors." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.823.
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For the ratio from orthogonal experiment, the phosphating solution which prepared with zinc oxide, phosphate acid, tartaric acid, sodium molybdate, Ma Jif salt, sodium fluoride, phytic acid, chrome alum to do the single factor variable experiments. For the various factors effect on the corrosion resistance of phosphating film to do the in-depth analysis. Preliminary analyse the film formation mechanism via the scan curve of the potential to the time, and determined the best film-forming time.
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Hsu, Fang-Chen, and Tai-Wei Hsiang. "Factors affecting color discrepancies of animated film characters." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 21, no. 2 (2018): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2017.1421299.
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Ahmad Shah, Wan Insaniah Saleha, and Ahmad Fairuz Omar. "Spectroscopy and Light Emitting Diodes Based System in Characterizing External Beam Therapy 3 Films for Solar Ultraviolet Measurement." Photonic Sensors 10, no. 1 (2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13320-019-0565-6.
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Abstract Gafchromic external beam therapy 3 (EBT3) film has widely been used in medical field applications. Principally, the EBT3 film’s color gradually changes from light green to darker color under incremental exposures by ionizing or even non-ionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Peak absorbance of the EBT3 film can be used to predict absorbed doses by the film. However, until today, related researches still rely on spectrometers for color analysis of EBT3 films. Hence, this paper presents a comparative analysis between results produced by the spectrometer and a much simpler light-emitting diode-photodiode based system in profiling the color changes of EBT3 films after exposure by solar UV radiation. This work has been conducted on a set of 50 EBT3 samples with incremental solar UV exposure (doses). The wavelength in the red region has the best sensitivity in profiling the color changes of EBT3 films for low solar UV exposure measurement. This study foresees the ability of blue wavelength to profile films with a large range of solar UV exposure. The LED (light emitting diode)-based optical system has produced comparable measurement accuracies to the spectrometer and thus, with a potential for replacing the need for a multipurpose spectroscopy system for simple measurement of light attenuation.
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Lai, Fu-Der, and Wen-Yang Li. "Design, Fabrication and Analysis for Al2O3/Ti/Al2O3 Colored Solar Selective Absorbers for Building Applications." Coatings 12, no. 4 (2022): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040521.
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A good solar selective absorber (SSA) used in building applications must have good color brightness rendering, an excellent photo–thermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) and a long life. The optical thin film design plays an important role before the coating of the optical thin films. In this study, for fabricating a good colored SSA (CSSA), the optical properties and color distribution of Al2O3/Ti/Al2O3 SSA were calculated to obtain the best design. It was found that the color distribution of Al2O3/Ti/Al2O3 SSA with a PTCE in excess of 90% was wide and included all colors, such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and white. Five colored Al2O3/Ti/Al2O3 solar selective absorbers were designed and fabricated and their performances were analyzed. The best PTCE of a fabricated sample and its thermal emittance efficiency were 93.2% and 7.1%, respectively. The peak values of the measured optical reflectance in the visible region for the five fabricated CSSAs were all greater than 10%. Their lifetime could be very long because the temperature difference between thermal stability of more than 450 °C and the working temperature of less than 150 °C was up to 300 °C. After annealing at 550 °C, the Al2O3–Ti system formed a compound structure of AlTiO5. The Al2O3/Ti/Al2O3 film performances, including the optical properties in the wavelength range of 0.25 to 25 μm, structure, morphology, adhesion, cross-sectional images, AFM image, PTCE, thermal emittance efficiency and thermal stability, were measured and analyzed in detail, and met the characteristic requirements of colored solar absorber films.
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Chesnokova, Natalya, Yury Prikhodko, Alla Kuznetsova, Liudmila Kushnarenko, and Valeria Gerasimova. "Anthocyanin Films in Freshness Assessment of Minced Fish." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 51, no. 2 (2021): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-2-349-362.
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Introduction. Smart food packaging that alerts consumers to spoilt food by changing color is based on affordable and biodegradable raw materials. The research objective was to develop films from anionic polysaccharides and anthocyanin pigment that can be used as a freshness indicator of minced fish.
 Study objects and methods. The study featured frozen black currant berries (Ríbes nígrum), polysaccharide-based anthocyanin films, and minced fish. Extracts of anthocyanin pigment and films based on agar, kappa-carrageenan, chitosan, starch, and anthocyanin pigments were analyzed by IR spectroscopy.
 Results and its discussion. Anionic polysaccharides, i.e. agar and kappa-carrageenan, demonstrated good film-forming properties. Films based on 1.5% agar and 2% kappa-carrageenan showed elasticity, resilience, plasticity, and sufficient resistance to mechanical deformation. Neutral polysaccharide starch and cationic polysaccharide chitosan appeared to have no such qualities. An IR spectral analysis revealed chemical interactions between polysaccharide and anthocyanin molecules. It indicated the electrostatic nature of the polyelectrolyte complexes of the anthocyanin pigment with anionic polysaccharides. A film based on 1.5% agar fortified with anthocyanin pigment was used as a test-system for analyzing the quality of fish. The minced fish samples were wrapped in the anthocyanin film and left for 2–7 min to register the color change of the film. When the anthocyanin film came in contact with fresh fish, the color of the film did not change even after prolonged contact. When the film came into contact with spoilt fish, the color of the film began to change after 2 min of contact. When the contact time reached 7 min, the film turned blue.
 Conclusion. The type of polysaccharide and the interaction between polysaccharides and anthocyanin pigment had a significant effect on film formation. Anionic polysaccharides demonstrated the best results. Electrostatic interactions between anionic polysaccharides and anthocyanin pigments produced stable polyelectrolyte complexes. The new smart films were able to determine the quality of minced fish.
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Uzuegbunam, Chikezie, and Chinedu Richard Ononiwu. "Highlighting Racial Demonization in 3D Animated Films and Its Implications: A Semiotic Analysis of Frankenweenie." Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations 20, no. 2 (2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2018.2.256.
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This article focuses on a semiotic analysis of Frankenweenie, one of Disney Picture’s 3D animated films. Anchored within the psychoanalytic film theory, the aim was to highlight how animated films, as colorful and comic as they are, can demonize a certain group of people. Studying how animated films can do this can lead to an important understanding because children’s exposure to modelled behavior on television and in movies has the potential to influence a wide range of attitudes and behaviors, cause victimization, alter their perceptions of reality, reinforce stereotypes and make them acquire such negative emotions as fear and anxiety, and behaviors like retaliation and passivity. The possibility of these adverse effects is even of greater concern in Africa and similar contexts which are at the receiving end of cultural products such as films that emanate from the West. The findings suggest that the negative portrayal of ‘people of color’ or other characters that represent them, by American film producers and directors seems to be a reoccurring phenomenon. Significantly, from an African perspective, this study corroborates scholars’ position that Disney has continued to portray ‘people of color’ negatively over the years.
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Suzuki, Koji, Etsuko Hirayama, Tsunemi Sugiyama, Keiko Yasuda, Hiroaki Okabe, and Daniel Citterio. "Ionophore-Based Lithium Ion Film Optode Realizing Multiple Color Variations Utilizing Digital Color Analysis." Analytical Chemistry 74, no. 22 (2002): 5766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0259414.
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Wang, Li Xian, Qiang Guo, Guo Liang Pan, and Chun Ying Guo. "Study on Coloring Protective Composite Oxide Film on Aluminum Surface." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1789.
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This work presents a preparation of composite aluminum anodizing oxide film and its coloring process. When a kind of ultra fine silicon particle with negative charge was doped into the micropores of film by electrochemical method, the obtained composite film has bulk density of 3.53 g•cm-3, cavity ratio of 10.6 % and thickness of over 20 µm. Compared to traditional aluminum anodizing oxide films, the obtained new film gives higher hardness and mechanical properties. XRD analysis showed that silicon particles in composite oxide film were mainly composed of feldspar NaAlSi3O8. Furthermore, a kind of malonamide azo-colorant was introduced into the micropores of composite oxide film by in-situ synthesis to give various colors, where the malonyl group was as a bridge between aluminum oxide film and diazonium group. Properties evluation tests shows that the obtained colored decoration film exhibits high resistance to heat, salt-fog, mold and nature corrosion. Therefore, the composite aluminum anodizing oxide film is a promising candidate for application in stringent condition needing high protection as well as bright color.
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Kubo, Minako, Minako Tachiki, Terumasa Mitogawa, et al. "Mechanistic Study on Gold-Like Luster Development of Solution-Cast Oligo(3-methoxythiophene) Film." Coatings 11, no. 7 (2021): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070861.
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Solution-cast coating films of perchlorate-doped oligo(3-methoxythiophene) exhibited a gold-like luster similar to that of metallic gold despite the involvement of no metals. However, the development mechanism of the luster remains ambiguous. To understand the mechanism, we performed scanning electron microscopic analysis, variable-angle spectral reflectance measurements, and ellipsometry measurements on ClO4−-doped oligo(3-methoxythiophene) cast film with a gold-like luster. The results revealed that the lustrous color of the film was not induced by the submicron-sized regular structures (structural color), nor by the high-density free electrons (reflective response based on Drude model), but by the large optical constants (refractive index and extinction coefficient) of the film, as speculated previously.
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Yue, Xiao Ling. "Analysis on Color Shaping the Space of Animated Film Coco." Journal of the Korea Entertainment Industry Association 13, no. 3 (2019): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21184/jkeia.2019.4.13.3.343.
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FUJIMOTO, Shuhei, and Masato MORIMOTO. "S1320105 Development of Measuring Method for Film Thickness by Color Analysis of Paint Film." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2015 (2015): _S1320105——_S1320105—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._s1320105-.
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Anosova, Nina Aleksandrovna, and Nina Alexandrovna Anosovа. "Color and Sound in Balzac's Novels." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 2, no. 1 (2010): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik2166-83.
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This paper analyzes the dramatic color of Honore de Balzac's novels "Shagreen" (1831) and "Father Goriot" (1834). Using symbolic colors, different color details and motives, color and light accents, decoloration Balzac creates dramatic contrasts, transforms the time, reveals the inner state of the characters. The writer's works are the result of the brilliant application of the reflex theory to literature suggested by Eugene Delacroix, a painter and Balzac's contemporary. Artistic intensity and the diversity of color elements in Balzac's novels are one of the vivid steps on the way to the chromatic and not just color cinema as Eisenstein wrote. The correlation of prose and film was one of the main subjects of Nina Anosova's research. A talented literary and film scholar and teacher, a Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and Histroy Institute (IFLI) graduate, she spent over 55 years teaching at VGIK. Such prominent filmmakers as Marlene Khutsiev, Andrei Tarkovsky, Vasily Shukshin, Gennady Shpalikov, Yuri Arabov, Karen Shakhnazarov, Vadim Abdrashitov, Sergey Loznitsa, etc. were among her pupils. The students and graduates of the Institute of Cinematography constantly turn to her works, learning real (deep) analysis and understanding of literature and art.
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Hsiang, En-Lin, Yannanqi Li, Ziqian He, et al. "Enhancing the Efficiency of Color Conversion Micro-LED Display with a Patterned Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymer Film." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (2020): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122430.
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Color-converted micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED) displays with wide color gamut, high ambient contrast ratio, and fast response time are emerging as a potentially disruptive technology. However, due to limited optical density and thickness of the color-conversion film, the blue light leakage and low color-conversion efficiency still hinder their widespread applications. In this paper, we demonstrate a patterned cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) polymer film with two special optical functionalities. On the green and red sub-pixels, the corresponding planar CLC texture acts as a distributed Bragg reflector for the blue light, which in turn improves the color conversion efficiency and expands the color gamut. On the blue sub-pixels, the corresponding focal-conic CLC texture acts as light scattering medium, which helps to reduce the angular color shift. Further analysis reveals that the patterned CLC film can alleviate the crosstalk between green and blue color filters. Therefore, compared to the display system without such a CLC film, our proposed device structure increases the color conversion efficiency by 143% (at ~90% Rec. 2020) and reduces average angular color shift Δu’v’ from 0.03 to 0.018 at the viewing angle with the most severe color shift. Such a patterned CLC film is applicable to all kinds of color-conversion display systems, including organic and inorganic phosphors.
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Qiu, Zhuang Zhuang, and Koo Bok Chin. "Physicochemical properties and shelf-life of low-fat pork sausages wrapped with active film manufactured by sodium alginate and cherry tomato powder." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 9 (2020): 1470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.20.0132.
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Objective: This study was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of low-fat sausages (LFSs) covered with sodium alginate (SA) film alone and with powder film (TSA-film) formed by cross-linking cherry tomato powder (CTP) and SA with calcium chloride (CaCl2).Methods: Sausages covered with the biodegradable film were assessed based on the measurement of pH, color (L*, a*, b*), proximate analysis, expressive moisture (EM), texture profile analysis, total plate counts (TPC), violet red bile, and 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) during storage under refrigeration. LFSs wrapped with TSA-film were compared with those wrapped with SA-film and without film (control) during storage at 10°C for 35 days.Results: The LFSs covered with the mixed film had lower pH, lightness (L*), EM%, TBARS, and TPC, but lower yellowness (b*) and hardness values than those wrapped with TSA-film alone.Conclusion: Lipid oxidation and microbial growth was retarded in sausages covered with biodegradable films, especially multiple films as compared to single film, thereby resulting in extended shelf-life of the LFSs.
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Aquino, A. M., and D. B. Morales. "Development and characterization of cassava starch films incorporated with purple yam (Dioscorea alata L.) peel anthocyanins." Food Research 5, no. 1 (2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(1).327.
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The packaging industry is now geared towards natural and biodegradable raw materials to reduce packaging wastes. In this study, purple yam (Dioscorea alata L.) peels were utilized to extract anthocyanins to be incorporated as a pH indicator in cassava starch films. The extract was analyzed for its total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMAC) using the pH differential method, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. Results showed that the extract contains 155 mg/L cyanidin-3-glucoside and high antioxidant activity of 78.84%. Using the casting technique, thin films were made from cassava starch and glycerol, with varying amounts of the extract (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50%). The films were characterized by their color properties, water activity (Aw) and tensile strength (TS). Results showed decreasing values of L* , a* , b* as the concentration of the extract increased. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the Aw and TS of the control film and the colored films. There was no trend observed in the Aw and TS of the films. The film with 30% extract recorded the lowest Aw (0.214) while the film with 40% extract recorded the highest tensile strength (0.706). The film with the highest TS was subjected to color response analysis by immersing the films in buffer solutions at different pH levels (pH 1.0-12.0) for 10 mins, and the time when the first color change was observed was recorded. The fastest responses were observed at the extreme pH levels (pH 1.0–2.0; 10.0–12.0). This study was able to conclude that purple yam peel extract has the potential as a pH indicator in cassava starch films for application as intelligent packaging.
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Chen, Chao, Yong Ling Yu, Li Hua Lv, and Jing Cui. "Process Optimization and Performance Analysis of the Decorative Composites Prepared by Silk Fabric / PE Film." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.323.
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The decorative composites composed of silk fabric/PE film were characterized by easy cleanness, corrosion-resistance, anti-oxidation and other virtues. In this paper, silk fabric/PE film decorative composites were prepared by hot pressing method. The optimum thickness of the silk fabrics and PE film was fixed by color difference analysis. The effects of hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing pressure, and hot-pressing time on mechanical properties were studied through single factor analysis method at a certain thickness. The results showed that under the hot pressing conditions (temperature145 °C, pressure 3 MPa, time 4 min and thickness 0.3 mm), silk fabric/PE film decorative composites with ideal tensile strength, bursting strength, tearing strength and color vividness could be obtained. This paper provided an effective approach to the comprehensive utilization of silk fabrics for preparation of decorative composites.
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Feng, Mao, Lyu Wenhui, Yang Xinle, and Wu Biyu. "Romantic Narrative in the Film The Battle at Lake Changjin." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 3, no. 1 (2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v3i1.415.
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Chen Kaige, a famous Chinese “scholar-type director”, usually contains rich cultural connotations in his films and his works are always full of Chen Kaige-style romanticism. Although he is good at narrative, making The Battle of Changjin Lake a pure war film is a challenge. Therefore, this article takes the film as the research focus. The analysis of aesthetic elements, such as scenes and scope, picture composition, color and so on, expounds into detail the narrative style of romanticism displayed by Chen Kaige in the film.
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Dianiya, Vicky. "REPRESENTATION OF SOCIAL CLASS IN FILM (Semiotic Analysis of Roland Barthes Film Parasite)." Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi 13, no. 2 (2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v13i2.1946.
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Social class differences have been formed long ago which can identify people's identities which are usually measured based on economic status. This class difference is depicted in Bong Joon-ho's Parasite film, telling of two families of different classes. The Kim family as a lower class and vice versa Mr. Park as the upper class. The core theme of the film Parasite is that of realistic drama about class domination which can also be seen around us. The paradigm used is critical interpretative, so researchers not only criticize but also make interpretations related to this Parasite film. In the analysis phase, this study uses Roland Barthes's semiotic analysis, which are signs in the form of words, images, sounds, movements and objects that are analyzed based on three things, namely parsing data based on the connotation, denotation and myths contained in the Parasite film scene. . Furthermore, representations produced through objects or images can produce meaning or processes that we understand or relate them to a meaning. Based on the first analysis of the film industry, Parasite Films are not included in the logic of most cultural industries but still succeed in penetrating the international market. Then, at the stage of representing social class markings in the film Parasite, it is found that there are at least five main points, namely: ease of life, fashion, boundaries, body odor, and color. Thus, the description of social class representation in the film Parasite is perfect both in its scenes, properties, and cinematography.
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Kumari, Neha, Sneh Punia Bangar, Michal Petrů, R. A. Ilyas, Ajay Singh, and Pradyuman Kumar. "Development and Characterization of Fenugreek Protein-Based Edible Film." Foods 10, no. 9 (2021): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10091976.
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The present investigation studied the physicochemical, mechanical, structural, thermal, and morphological attributes of a novel edible film formed from fenugreek protein concentrate. Films were produced at different pH—9, 10, 11, and 12—and the effect of the pH on the films was studied. As the pH increased, tensile strength increased while water vapor absorption decreased, which is interrelated to the surface morphological properties; as the pH increased, the surface became smoother and compact without any cavities. The films produced were darker in color. Fenugreek protein films exhibited good thermal stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of strong bonding for the films made at alkaline pH. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) indicated the major structure of the film was amorphous. The study demonstrated that the fenugreek protein concentrate film has influential characteristics and can be used as an edible packaging film.
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Ciborowski, Tomasz, Szymon Reginis, Dawid Weber, Adam Kurowski, and Bozena Kostek. "Classifying Emotions in Film Music—A Deep Learning Approach." Electronics 10, no. 23 (2021): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232955.
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The paper presents an application for automatically classifying emotions in film music. A model of emotions is proposed, which is also associated with colors. The model created has nine emotional states, to which colors are assigned according to the color theory in film. Subjective tests are carried out to check the correctness of the assumptions behind the adopted emotion model. For that purpose, a statistical analysis of the subjective test results is performed. The application employs a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), which classifies emotions based on 30 s excerpts of music works presented to the CNN input using mel-spectrograms. Examples of classification results of the selected neural networks used to create the system are shown.
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Horiuchi, Toshihisa, Kenji Ishida, Kouichi Hayashi, Kazumi Matsushige, and Atsushi Shibata. "Novel GIX2 Apparatus for Thin Film Analysis Using Color Laue Method." Advances in X-ray Analysis 39 (1995): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800022588.
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In modern technology, thin-layered materials with layer thickness in nanometer ranges have been utilized for various advanced components such as integrated circuits, magnetic heads and disks, X-ray mirrors and coated window glasses. For the analysis of such materials, powerful probes, fluorescence(TXRF)1), diffraction(TXRD) 2-4) and reflectivity(GIXR) 5-7), formed by X-rays in conjunction with total reflection phenomena can provide important information on element composition, crystalline structure, layer thickness, electron density and interfacial roughness.
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KITAGAWA, Katsuichi, and Masafumi OTSUKI. "Wide-view Transparent Film Thickness Measurement System by Interference Color Analysis." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 79, no. 11 (2013): 1078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.1078.
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Kitagawa, Katsuichi. "Thin-film thickness profile measurement by three-wavelength interference color analysis." Applied Optics 52, no. 10 (2013): 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.52.001998.
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TEKİN KARAGÖZ, Ceren. "VISUAL ANALYSIS OF FILMS IN THE CONTEXT OF COLOR BY DIRECTORS WHO GRADUATED FROM VISUAL ARTS." IEDSR Association 7, no. 18 (2022): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.498.
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This study aims to make a visual analysis of each of the films of six artists-directors who received visual arts education and to examine the elements used in the films in the context of visual arts. The artist-directors selected as a sample in the study are Akira Kurosawa, David Lynch, Wong Kar-Wai, Peter Greenaway, Robert Bresson, Andrzej Wajda. These directors were selected with a homogeneous sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods. In this context, the selected directors have been chosen because they have received visual arts education, the branches of art they are interested in, and have different cultural codes. Visual content analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this study. The content analysis approach of visual data, which is one of the main methods of analyzing visual materials and data, was used. For this purpose, first, all the films were watched by the researcher, and the image files were arranged in scenes and systematized for examination. The colors used in the resulting movie scenes were visualized in the Procreate program. In addition, the analyzes are philosophically based on the rise and retreat movement that occurs because of the dark and light fighting in Paul Klee's Theory of Colors. A film belonging to each director was examined with the visual analysis method. As a result of the analyzes carried out, it is seen that visual art education has great effects on the use of the color in the films of the directors who receive visual art education. In addition, it has been concluded that in the films of the directors, the narrative has a visual weight and, in these films, which we can call art cinema, photographic images with a linear story are frequently included.
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Fu, Pin-I., Po-Chiung Fang, Ren-Wen Ho, et al. "Determination of Tear Lipid Film Thickness Based on a Reflected Placido Disk Tear Film Analyzer." Diagnostics 10, no. 6 (2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060353.
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This study aims at determining the thickness of the tear lipid layer (LL) observed from a placido-disc-based tear film analyzer. We prospectively collected reflections of placido-disk LL images using a tear film analyzer (Keratograph® 5M, Oculus) from subjects with dry eye symptoms. The LL thickness (LLT) over the inferior half of the cornea was estimated with the use of interference color analysis and the preprocessing of images with and without ring segmentation were obtained and analyzed. Moreover, LLTs before and after 1 h of applying topical ointment (Duratears, Alcon) were compared to validate the estimation of LLT. Our results suggested that the tear LLT can be assessed using a placido-disk-based tear film analyzer and interference color analysis. We verified a high correlation between non-segmented and segmented LL images and estimated LLT increase after applying ointment. In addition, we concluded that LLT can be evaluated by direct interference analysis without segmentation preprocessing.
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Agunos, Ricarl Irish F., Danilet Vi M. Mendoza, and Michael Angelo S. Rivera. "Anthocyanin Colorimetric Strip for Volatile Amine Determination." International Journal of Food Science 2020 (June 18, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1672851.
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Food freshness is one of the main concerns of consumers. Food spoilage is mainly caused by contamination and microbial growth in which the latter produces volatile amines in the process. Several methods have been used to determine volatile amines to indicate food freshness, and indicator films are deemed as the most time-efficient and economical. In this study, anthocyanin was extracted from mangosteen rind as a natural dye indicator and was incorporated in a chitosan/PVA polymer matrix. The film with different concentrations of anthocyanin extract (5%, 15%, and 25%) was prepared and tested for their sensitivity to 136 ppm ammonia vapor followed by colorimetric analysis using ImageJ software. The film with 25% anthocyanin yielded the most visible color change upon exposure to ammonia vapor. The color changed from pink to yellowish-brown within 14 minutes of exposure. The RGB-converted images of the film with 25% anthocyanin extract showed gradual loss of red coloration being replaced by cyan spots. FTIR spectra showed incorporation of anthocyanin to the chitosan/PVA matrix with the decrease in the intensity of the C-N stretching peak. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the film has high thermal stability with onset temperature of 310.43°C. Thus, the film developed is an excellent candidate for optimization and production of a thermally stable amine detector for food products.
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Shi, Yi Dong, Sheng Ji Jin, and Zong Qin Guo. "Applied Researches of Chitosan and Silicon Sol as Fixing Agent on Ramie." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1369.
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To improve the color fastness of the ramie fabric dyed with reactive dye, we researched the fixation effects of Chitosan biguanide hydrochloride (CGH), silicon sol and the fixing agent TR7234 on the ramie fabric. It was found that the mixture of CGH/silicon sol/TR7234 improved obviously the color fastness of the reactive dye on the fabric. The color fastness to dry rubbing increased by 1grade and the color stability to washing got the raise. Based on SEM and FTIR analysis, it was shown that the mixture of three agents formed a film on the surface of the fabric, and this film had the chemical bonds with some cellulose molecules.
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Mikus, Magdalena, Sabina Galus, Agnieszka Ciurzyńska, and Monika Janowicz. "Development and Characterization of Novel Composite Films Based on Soy Protein Isolate and Oilseed Flours." Molecules 26, no. 12 (2021): 3738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123738.
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The possibility of using oilseed flours as a waste source for film-forming materials with a combination of soy protein isolate in preparation of edible films was evaluated. Physical, mechanical and barrier properties were determined as a function of the oilseed type: hemp, evening primrose, flax, pumpkin, sesame and sunflower. It was observed that the addition of oilseed flours increased the refraction and thus the opacity of the obtained films from 1.27 to 9.57 A mm−1. Depending on the type of flours used, the edible films took on various colors. Lightness (L*) was lowest for the evening primrose film (L* = 34.91) and highest for the soy protein film (L* = 91.84). Parameter a* was lowest for the sunflower film (a* = −5.13) and highest for the flax film (a* = 13.62). Edible films made of pumpkin seed flour had the highest value of the b* color parameter (b* = 34.40), while films made of evening primrose flour had the lowest value (b* = 1.35). All analyzed films had relatively low mechanical resistance, with tensile strength from 0.60 to 3.09 MPa. Films made of flour containing the highest amount of protein, pumpkin and sesame, had the highest water vapor permeability, 2.41 and 2.70 × 10−9 g·m−1 s−1 Pa−1, respectively. All the edible films obtained had high water swelling values from 131.10 to 362.16%, and the microstructure of the films changed after adding the flour, from homogeneous and smooth to rough. All blended soy protein isolate–oilseed flour films showed lower thermal stability which was better observed at the first and second stages of thermogravimetric analysis when degradation occurred at lower temperatures. The oilseed flours blended with soy protein isolate show the possibility of using them in the development of biodegradable films which can find practical application in the food industry.
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Shah, Rushita, Pavel Stodulka, Katerina Skopalova, and Petr Saha. "Dual Crosslinked Collagen/Chitosan Film for Potential Biomedical Applications." Polymers 11, no. 12 (2019): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122094.
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The application of polymeric biomaterial scaffolds utilizing crosslinking strategy has become an effective approach in these days. In the present study, the development and characterization of collagen–chitosan hydrogel film has been reported on using dual crosslinking agent’s, i.e., tannic acid and genipin simultaneously. Incorporation of genipin imparts a greenish-blue color to the polymeric film. The effect of dual crosslinking and their successful interaction within the matrix was evaluated by infrared analysis spectroscopy. The porosity of the film was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results of TGA determine the intermediate thermal degradation. Further, the crosslinking phenomenon has found primary impact on the strength of the films. Enzymatic degradation for the films was performed with lysozyme and lipase. The cell adhesion and proliferation was also accomplished using mouse embryonic cell lines wherein the cells cultured on the dual crosslinked film. The thriving utilization of such dual crosslinked polymeric film finds their applications in ophthalmology especially as an implant for temporary injured cornea and skin tissue regeneration.
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SHAO, ZHONGCAI, FEIFEI ZHANG, QINGFANG ZHANG, LI YANG, and XIAOYI SHEN. "PREPARATION OF GRAYISH BLACK FILM ON AM50 MAGNESIUM ALLOY BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION–MICRO-ARC OXIDATION." Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 01 (2016): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17500123.
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The grayish black film was prepared on AM50 magnesium alloy with a new method which combined chemical conversion with micro-arc oxidation (MAO). The optimum formula of chemical conversion was obtained by L9(34) orthogonal test. Meanwhile, the morphology, structure, composition and corrosion resistance of films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectrum analysis (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical tests and CuSO4 drip experiment. The results indicated that Mo element was introduced into the MAO film by chemical conversion pretreatment. The surface of composite film was smooth and compact. The main phase composition of the composite film were SiO2, Mo9O[Formula: see text], MgSiO[Formula: see text] Mg2SiO4 and Mo9O[Formula: see text] was identified to be responsible for giving color to the film. The corrosion resistance of the grayish black film was improved obviously.
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Kurek, Mia, Nasreddine Benbettaieb, Mario Ščetar, et al. "Characterization of Food Packaging Films with Blackcurrant Fruit Waste as a Source of Antioxidant and Color Sensing Intelligent Material." Molecules 26, no. 9 (2021): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092569.
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Chitosan and pectin films were enriched with blackcurrant pomace powder (10 and 20% (w/w)), as bio-based material, to minimize food production losses and to increase the functional properties of produced films aimed at food coatings and wrappers. Water vapor permeability of active films increased up to 25%, moisture content for 27% in pectin-based ones, but water solubility was not significantly modified. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus) were mainly decreased due to the residual insoluble particles present in blackcurrant waste. FTIR analysis showed no significant changes between the film samples. The degradation temperatures, determined by DSC, were reduced by 18 °C for chitosan-based samples and of 32 °C lower for the pectin-based samples with blackcurrant powder, indicating a disturbance in polymer stability. The antioxidant activity of active films was increased up to 30-fold. Lightness and redness of dry films significantly changed depending on the polymer type. Significant color changes, especially in chitosan film formulations, were observed after exposure to different pH buffers. This effect is further explored in formulations that were used as color change indicators for intelligent biopackaging.
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Shi, Rui Zhi, Kai Bo Fan, Xiao Zhou, Kun Yang, and Han Zhong Shi. "Study on the Model of Chromaticity Closed-Loop Control for Print Online Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.291.
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The print online detection technology contains wide range of content, for instance alignment inspection, defect detection and color detection, among them the color detection is the most difficult. In this paper, IGT printability tester is used to produce different ink film thickness samples of the yellow, magenta, cyan, black and map spot colors brown, blue, green, red, purple and other colors. Based on large number of experiment data collected, though mathematical modeling, data analysis, experimental validation and model updating, a closed-loop control model and techniques based on the chromaticity detection are proposed. By establishing the model of the relationship between the chromaticity value and the ink film thickness, the relationship between the ink film thickness and the ink key opening, the numerical calculation between the chromaticity and the ink key opening is achieved. The basic method of chromaticity closed-loop control is: when printing began, the model calculates the initial ink key opening with the ink preset algorithm, and set the ink key opening. After entering the print state, the model detects the RGB value of print by the machine vision technology, and converts the RGB value to CIE LAB values by color space conversion and gamut mapping. Then the model compares the Lab values with the standard values, determines whether the color-difference overrun. If the color-difference is within the allowable range, the model maintains the original amount of ink and ink key opening. If it exceeds the limit value, the model quickly calculates the deviation of the ink amount, and offers the ink key opening which is corresponding to the adjustment, feedbacks it to the print control center, resulting in the ink key response in order to achieve the real-time adjustment of the print ink amount. Compared with the control method of the ink amount based on density detection, the chromatic detection method is more accurate, and has better application prospects.
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FUJIMOTO, Sho, Kensuke TOBITANI, Mitsuhito KAMEI, et al. "Normal Distribution Model of Microfacets Based on Color Image Analysis for Titanium Surface with Thin Film Interference Color." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 86, no. 12 (2020): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.86.1051.
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Dyachenko, A. A., and V. P. Ryabukho. "Color models of interference images of thin stratified objects in optical microscopy." Computer Optics 43, no. 6 (2019): 956–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2019-43-6-956-967.
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Algorithms for the analysis of polychromatic interference patterns in images of thin stratified objects in optical microscopy are considered. The algorithms allow one to measure the thin-film optical thickness. A measurement method based on the comparison of colors of the interference image under study and a numerically simulated image is discussed. We discuss a mathematical model for the calculation and numerical simulation of interference patterns and algorithms for interference pattern processing. Color comparison in an RGB color model is described and limitations of such a method are shown. The feasibility of using a Lab color model is shown and algorithms of interference color comparison in this model are presented. Results of application of the presented algorithms to measuring the optical thickness of red blood cells in a blood smear are discussed. The estimation of the error and robustness of the proposed algorithms is conducted.
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Rachtanapun, Pornchai, Warinporn Klunklin, Pensak Jantrawut, et al. "Characterization of Chitosan Film Incorporated with Curcumin Extract." Polymers 13, no. 6 (2021): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060963.
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Curcumin is a phenolic compound derived from turmeric roots (Curcuma longa L.). This research studied the effects of curcumin extract on the properties of chitosan films. The film characteristics measured included mechanical properties, visual aspects, color parameters, light transmission, moisture content, water solubility, water vapor permeability, infrared spectroscopy, and antioxidant activity. The results suggest that adding curcumin to chitosan-based films increases yellowness and light barriers. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed interactions between the phenolic compounds of the extract and the chitosan, which may have improved the mechanical properties and reduced the moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor permeability of the films. The antioxidant activity of the films increased with increasing concentrations of the curcumin extract. This study shows the potential benefits of incorporating curcumin extract into chitosan films used as active packaging.
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Wang, Rong, Li Sha Li, Jin Yue Gao, and Hai Ning Cui. "Investigation on Micro Defects of the Protective Coating SiOx in Mass Manufacturing Processes." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.443.
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A transparent hard coating of silicon oxide (SiOx) deposited by using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) can protect the surfaces of plastics and metals. This coating has good adhesion, good wear-resistance and environmental resistance. Our work is to optimize this protective organosilicon film in an industry manufacturing process for the metal cover of mobile phones and plastic lenses. Investigation of the failures of the film and analysis of the defect in deposited films by means of the optical microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM) shows that mechanism of the micro defect with Newton color rings.
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Htwe, Aung Than, Maung Htwe, Soe Maung, and Myint Naing Tun. "STUDY ON BIODEGRADABLE AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF BIOWASTE CHITIN-POLYVINYL ALCOHOL BLENDED FILM." ASEAN Engineering Journal 11, no. 3 (2021): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v11.16876.
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The film forming ability of chitin (CT) blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared with a seriesof nine different ratios of CT:PVA, (10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10v/v),using 2% chitin solution and 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution. All prepared blended films have a highlytransparent, smooth surface and pale-yellow color. The prepared blended films were characterized by usingthe physical parameters, the physico-mechanical properties, the degree of swelling, and water uptake. Asmeasured by the swelling and water uptake, the blended films showed a higher degree of hydration, as aresult of varying the weight percent of PVA in the membrane matrix. Comparative characterization of theprepared blended films included FT IR and TG-DTA analysis. From the FT IR analysis, the characteristicabsorption peaks of CT-PVA blended film clearly showed that the two polymers were well mixed.According to TG-DTA analysis, the thermal stability of the CT-PVA blended film was found to be slightlylower. The various types of CT-PVA blended films were also tested for antimicrobial activity using anagar disc diffusion method. From these results, all of the prepared CT-PVA blended film showedpronounce antimicrobial activities. Subsequently, the biodegradable nature of the prepared CT-PVAblended films was studied through the soil burial test. Finally, the prepared CT-PVA blended films can beused in wound dressing, and also as packaging materials.
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F.T.Z. Toma, K.M.A. Hussain, M.S. Rahman, and Syed Ahmed. "Preparation and characterization of CdS thin film using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique for solar cell application." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (2021): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0746.
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The structural properties of CBD deposited CdS thin films have been studied by varying the processing parameters and Cd/S ratio of the starting Precursors in order to better understand the growth conditions. A CdS thin film was prepared on glass substrate by CBD method from a bath containing Thiourea and Ammonium hydroxide. The structural analysis was performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The deposited CdS thin film was a cubic phase with small nano crystalline grains. The film was deposited at 60°C for 2 hours. After sintering the film at 300°C for 1 hour the color of the film was changed like dark yellowish and the thickness of the film was obtained 100 nm. The FTIR was done at room temperature over 350 cm-1 to 4500 cm-1 and it showed the existence of different functional group in the sample and their probable source. These studies have allowed us to establish a standard set of conditions for the fabrication of homogeneous and continuous very thin CdS films in laboratory and this preparation technique is also suitable for preparing highly efficient thin film due to its advantages such as simple, large area films, low deposition temperature and low-cost method.
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Silva, Fábio E. F., Maria Carolina B. Di-Medeiros, Karla A. Batista, and Kátia F. Fernandes. "PVA/Polysaccharides Blended Films: Mechanical Properties." Journal of Materials 2013 (April 4, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/413578.
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Blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and angico gum (AG) and/or cashew gum (CG) were used to produce films by casting method. Morphological and mechanical properties of these films were studied and compared to the properties of a commercial collagen membrane of bovine origin (MBO). The films presented thickness varying from 70 to 140 μm (PVA/AG) and 140 to 200 μm (PVA/CG). Macroscopic analysis showed that a PVA/CG film was very similar to MBO regarding the color and transparency. The higher values of tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (EM) were observed in the film. On the other hand, PVA/CG and PVA/CG-AG presented the highest value of percentage of elongation (E%). Pearson’s Correlation Analysis revealed a positive correlation between TS and EM and a negative correlation between E% and EM. The PVA/CG film presented mechanical properties very similar to MBO, with the advantage of a higher E% (11.96) than MBO (2.94). The properties of the PVA blended films depended on the polysaccharide added in the blend, as well as the acid used as a catalyst. However, all produced films presented interesting mechanical characteristics which enables several biotechnological applications.
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Liu, Yulin, and Surng Gahb Jahng. "Analysis on Clothing Color and Character Shaping in Shadow of Yimou Zhang’s Film." TECHART: Journal of Arts and Imaging Science 6, no. 2 (2019): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15323/techart.2019.5.6.2.35.
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Díaz, Olga, Tania Ferreiro, José Rodríguez-Otero, and Ángel Cobos. "Characterization of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Flour Films: Effects of pH and Plasticizer Concentration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 5 (2019): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051246.
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The use of flours as a material for biopolymer-based film preparation has gained interest due to the fact that they are a natural mixture of compatible macromolecules and due to their low cost. Chickpea flour shows a promising composition for the development of edible films. The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate the properties of chickpea flour films as affected by pH (7 or 10) and plasticizer concentration (1% or 3% w/v) of film-forming solutions. Water vapor permeability, solubility, color, opacity, mechanical properties, thermal stability, structural changes by Fourier transform infrared analysis, and microstructure of the films were determined. Glycerol content and pH influenced chickpea flour film properties, microstructure and structural organization; interactions were also observed. The 1% glycerol films showed lower water vapor permeability, thickness, radical scavenging capacity, elongation at break and puncture deformation, and higher dry matter content, swelling, opacity, elastic modulus, and tensile and puncture strengths than 3% glycerol films. Film-forming solutions at pH 10 produced films with higher thickness and swelling, and were greener than those from solutions at neutral pH. The changes were more intense in 1% glycerol films. Glycerol concentration and pH could be combined in order to obtain chickpea flour films with different properties according to different food packaging requirements.
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NAGAI, HIROKI, HIROKI HARA, MITSUHIRO ENOMOTO, et al. "SYNCHRONOUS ELECTROCHROMISM OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY WITH CHEMICALLY FABRICATED TRANSPARENT THIN FILMS." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 02 (2013): 1341001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713410014.
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Electrochromism synchronous to the charge/discharge of a novel Li ion battery having Li3Fe2(PO4)3 and Li4Ti5O12 thin-film electrodes fabricated by a chemical process, the molecular precursor method, was discovered. A cathode of transparent Li3Fe2(PO4)3 thin film with a thickness of 80 nm was fabricated by heat treating a precursor ethanol solution including a Li(I) complex of nitrilotriacetic acid, an Fe(III) complex of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and (dibutylammonium)2H2P2O7 ⋅ 0.5H2O at 550°C for 10 min in air. An anode of transparent Li4Ti5O12 thin film with a thickness of 90 nm was fabricated by heat treating a precursor ethanol solution including a Li(I) complex of nitrilotriacetic acid, a Ti(IV) complex of the identical organic ligand, and hydrogen peroxide at 550°C for 30 min in air. The precursor films for both electrodes were fabricated with a spin-coating method. The thermal reactions of the novel precursors were examined in detail by means of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis in order to examine the components and heat-treatment temperature. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the thin-film electrodes fabricated on glass substrates pre-coated with a fluorine-doped tin oxide film were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The rechargeable function of the assembled sandwich-type battery using an electrolytic solution containing LiPF6 was measured by the repeated charge and discharge test at a constant current of 10 μA; a maximum voltage of 3.6 V was recorded. The color changes of the transparent thin-film battery between colorless before charging and a blue-gray color after charging occurred synchronously and repeatedly with the charge/discharge cycles. The intercalation of Li+ ions into the Li4Ti5O12 thin-film anode may be related to the drastic color change and the unprecedented visualization of the electrochemical reaction of a novel Li ion battery.
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Zhang, Yuan, Chang Ge, Yu Lin Li, Ming Fu Li, Wen Yang Luo, and Guang Yu Tan. "Design and Experimental Analysis of Pepper Fruit Preprocessing Machine." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.687.
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Existing pepper fruit peeling machine for peeling incomplete, improper peeling force, pit protective film damaged, lead to a high impurity rate, pit crushing, unsatisfactory color and other issues. In order to solve these problems, manufacturing pepper fruit preprocessing machine based on analysis of pepper machining process. The machine achieves pepper fruit surface damaged by differential principle, work in with pepper peeling machine to peel completely.
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Nesic, Aleksandra, Sladjana Meseldzija, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, and Antonije Onjia. "Novel Biocomposite Films Based on High Methoxyl Pectin Reinforced with Zeolite Y for Food Packaging Applications." Foods 11, no. 3 (2022): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030360.
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Pectin is a natural biopolymer with broad applications in the food industry and it is suitable to prepare edible films to prolong food shelf-life. However, the main limitation of pectin-based films is their poor mechanical and barrier properties. Zeolite Y is a hydrophobic clay that can be used as film reinforcement material to improve its physicochemical and mechanical properties. In this work, the influence of high methoxyl citrus and apple pectin on physicochemical properties of biopolymer films modified with zeolite Y (0.05–0.2 wt%) was investigated. The films were characterized by FTIR, TGA, WAXD, mechanical analysis, and water vapor permeability analysis, and a potential film application is presented. The WAXD and FTIR analysis demonstrated that the strongest interaction between pectin chains and zeolite Y occurred when citrus high methylated pectin was used. Adding 0.2 wt% of zeolite Y into citrus high methylated pectin matrix enhanced the tensile strength by 66%, thermal stability by 13%, and water vapor barrier by 54%. In addition, fruit shelf-life test was performed, where strawberries were sealed in film. It was shown that sealed strawberries maintained a better color and healthy appearance than the control treatment after 7 days at 10 °C. This study enabled the development of biocomposite films with improved properties for potential application in food packaging.
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Yang, Jiwook, Gu-Joong Kwon, Kyojung Hwang, and Dae-Young Kim. "Cellulose–Chitosan Antibacterial Composite Films Prepared from LiBr Solution." Polymers 10, no. 10 (2018): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101058.
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Cellulose and chitosan solutions were prepared in 60% LiBr and mixed with a different weight ratio. The washing and drying of the prepared cellulose–chitosan composite films were performed under identical conditions. The color of the liquefied mixtures and films was initially transparent but changed from colorless to brownish yellow depending on the ratio of chitosan in the solution. The cross section observed in the SEM results indicated that the film developed with a higher ratio of chitosan was more robust and possessed greater antibacterial properties. FT-IR analysis of the films showed that hydrogen bonds between cellulose and chitosan in composite films were successfully achieved and retained excellent mechanical properties. The proper ratio of chitosan in the cellulose solution can increase the tensile strength and improve the elongation of the films; however, the E-modulus property was consistently reduced. The antibacterial activity and mechanical properties of the films were greatly improved as the amount of chitosan in the film increased.
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He, Dakuo, Zhengsong Wang, Le Yang, and Zhizhong Mao. "Optimization Control of the Color-Coating Production Process for Model Uncertainty." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9731823.
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Optimized control of the color-coating production process (CCPP) aims at reducing production costs and improving economic efficiency while meeting quality requirements. However, because optimization control of the CCPP is hampered by model uncertainty, a strategy that considers model uncertainty is proposed. Previous work has introduced a mechanistic model of CCPP based on process analysis to simulate the actual production process and generate process data. The partial least squares method is then applied to develop predictive models of film thickness and economic efficiency. To manage the model uncertainty, the robust optimization approach is introduced to improve the feasibility of the optimized solution. Iterative learning control is then utilized to further refine the model uncertainty. The constrained film thickness is transformed into one of the tracked targets to overcome the drawback that traditional iterative learning control cannot address constraints. The goal setting of economic efficiency is updated continuously according to the film thickness setting until this reaches its desired value. Finally, fuzzy parameter adjustment is adopted to ensure that the economic efficiency and film thickness converge rapidly to their optimized values under the constraint conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization control strategy is validated by simulation results.
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Xu, Wenlai, Ju Yang, Jing Wang, Yue Jian, and Min Tang. "Analysis of the Start-Up of Natural Bio-Film Colonization of Constructed Rapid Infiltration System." Polish Maritime Research 23, s1 (2016): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0043.
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Abstract this paper studied the start-up of natural bio-film colonization under the conditions where wet-to-dry ratio was 1:6, hydraulic load was 0.8m3/m2·d, and water temperature was 10°C-15°C, it took 25d in total to become mature, after the success of bio-film colonization, the removal rate of COD and NH4+-N can be stabilized at 80%, and the removal rate of NH4+-N can reach 90% above. The microorganism was divided into the following stages during bio-film colonization: 1.Reversible adhesion of cell on the surface of the carrier, 2.Irreversible adhesion of cell on the surface of the carrier, 3.Division of cell adhering to the surface of the carrier and formation of microcolony adhering to the surface of the carrier, 4.Growth of microcolony adhering to the surface of the carrier to be mature bio-film with three-dimensional structure. The process of natural bio-film colonization can be judged comprehensively according to removal rate of NH4+-N and COD, effluent pH as well as color of microbial film.
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Ozaki, Miyu, Tomohisa Sakai, Hiromichi Murata, and Ryoshu Furutani. "Identification of Fluids by the Color of Surface Plasmon Polaritons." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.316.
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When optical waves make the free electrons on a metal surface resonate, optical energy propagates along the surface as density waves of the free electrons. The longitudinal waves and electrical fields of the electrons are called surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which are widely applied in high sensitivity sensors because the excitation of SPPs sensitively depends on the refractive index of the surrounding dielectric sample. Here, we report the identification of fluids by using the color dispersion of SPPs. Silver film on a prism surface is illuminated with white light to excite SPPs. A color component in the white light is thereby selectively coupled with SPPs due to the color dispersion that depends on the refractive index of the fluid on the film. Thus, theoretically, when the refractive index is changed, the color of SPPs changes as well. Our application uses a medium consisting of fluid samples to be identified. The proposed identification method can be applied to fluid analysis for label-free visualization of or as a simple analysis method, since the refractive indices or concentrations of the sample fluids directly affect the color of the SPPs, and this color can be visually identified. We theoretically confirmed that the color of SPPs excited with white light illumination can help to differentiate between water and ethanol. Experimentally, SPPs belonging to the frequency region of the color green were detected when the sample was water, and the color changed to red when ethanol was used instead. In the future, we plan to develop simple, small, sensitive, and low-cost sensors that can determine the concentration and refractive index of fluids on the basis of the color of the SPPs.