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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Film economics'
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Romer, Stephen. "The decline of the British film industry : an analysis of market structure, the firm and product competition." Thesis, Brunel University, 1993. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6301.
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McKenna, Mark. "Rethinking the 'video nasties' : economics, marketing, and distribution." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2017. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/5264/.
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There are two things that most people know about the ‘video nasties.’ The first is that prior to 1984 the video industry was completely unregulated and the absence of any regulation allowed a space for immoral and disreputable elements of the businesses to thrive. The second is that a series of public complaints about the advertising used to promote the ‘video nasties’ triggered a moral panic that led to introduction of the Video Recordings Act in 1984. Neither of these statements is entirely true, but both have allowed a popular history to persist that continues to hold the independent distributor directly accountable for the events that led to a scheme of government sanctioned censorship that continues to this day. Through exploring the marketing and distribution of the ‘video nasties’, this thesis will challenge this established history and will contextualise the ‘video nasties’ within the emerging landscape of the wider home video industry. Moving beyond the explicitly social readings that have dominated these histories and that have positioned them as an explicitly British concern, this study offers a reading that considers the ‘video nasties’ as part of, and not separate from, a broader global film industry and wider industrial practice. This will be accomplished over three sections. In the first section I will detail the established social history before reconsidering the accuracy of this narrative when it is considered alongside a previously neglected economic and technological history. This context will provide the foundation for the rest of the thesis, providing a basis that reconceptualises the ‘video nasties’ both historically and as part of wider film markets. In the second section I will return to the claims made against the promotional strategies of the early distributors and historicise this type of promotion, tracing a lineage to the ballyhoo of William Castle and the early promotions of P.T Barnum. This will provide context for a study that considers the marketing and branding of both the films and the companies that produced them, following the market through Video, DVD and Blu-ray. The final section documents the evolution of both the product and the marketplace, considering how theoretical constructs arising from film studies can help us understand the marketplace of the ‘video nasties’. The thesis is a revisionist history that reconsiders the birth of the independent video industry in the United Kingdom through the films and distributors that were marginalised and castigated.
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Hatkoff, Daniel. "Production cost structure and commercial success in the new film industry." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1355255118.
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Maillet, Adam Michael. "The Theory of Narrative Balance and its Application to High Stakes Fiction." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10002462.
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<p> This dissertation seeks to create a theory of narrative balance based upon the connection between economics and literary narrative, and to apply that theory to postmodern texts, which confront issues of space, economics, and narrative. I use sources in both postmodern economic and cultural theory, as well as the more modern influences of cognitive science, narratology, and evolutionary psychology. My work will build on the work of several cognitive and evolutionary scholars, including David Herman, Lisa Zunshine, Blakey Vermeule, Nancy Easterlin, and Merlin Donald, but the concept of “space” creates a gap through which I blend theories of the postmodern with cognitive psychology. I argue that narrative fictions have an “economic” quality to them and that causality becomes increasingly conflated with what some would call “meaning,” others, “literariness.” </p>
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Gustavsson, Erik. "Mer pengar, bättre filmer? : En studie av den svenska filmreformen." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Business and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1597.
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<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Att investera i långfilmprojekt är riskfyllt. Därför är det mycket sällsynt att en långfilm i Sverige produceras utan ekonomiskt stöd från det Svenska Filminstitutet, SFI. Branschen har hamnat i en beroendeställning vilket gjort att makten koncentrerats hos Institutet. För att höja totala publiktillströmningen och filmkvalitén bestämde SFI år 2006 att öka storleken på stöden, men att detta skulle ske på bekostnad av ett mindre antal produktioner. Utvecklingen innebär att färre bolag i framtiden kommer ha en ekonomisk möjlighet att producera långfilm, att färre anställda behövs och att filmernas mångfald försämras - alla dessa är händelseförlopp som SFI en gång grundades för att motverka. Men är det verkligen så enkelt att det räcker med större budgetar för att höja den totala publiktillströmningen och kvalitén? Är detta verkligen den rätta metoden? För produktionsbolagen är det här en viktig fråga, det är en fråga om existens, för andra är det en fråga om vilken riktning utvecklingen av filmkonsten kommer att ta.</p><p>De frågeställningar som uppsatsen har för avsikt att besvara är:</p><p>Har budgetstorleken någon effekt på avkastningen?</p><p>Har budgetstorleken någon effekt på kvalitén?</p><p>Bör SFI kvarhålla sin strategi för att nå de uppsatta målen om högre total publiktillströmning och höjd kvalité?</p><p>Avkastningen är i denna uppsats en kvot som visar billjettintäkter per investerad krona. Kvalitén mäts efter filmpublikens egna preferenser. Undersökningens data kommer från SFI: s hemsida, www.sfi.se, och filmdatabasen The Internet Movie Database, IMDb.com. Med hjälp av regressionsmodeller har följande resultat framkommit:</p><p>En större budget genererar en lägre avkastning än vad en mindre budget gör. Effekten visar att varje investerad miljon sänker marginalintäkten med 52 600 kronor.</p><p>Budgetstorleken har ingen effekt på kvalitén.</p><p>SFI borde satsa på fler filmer med lägre budgetstöd i syfte att öka den totala publiktillströmningen. Möjligen kan också kvalitén höjas av detta genom en ökad konkurrens och mångfald, men också genom att de yrkesutövande tillåts arbeta frekventare och på så sätt kan utvecklas. Vidare forskning behövs dock för att utreda vad som påverkar kvalité.</p>
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Otis, Evan T. "An Analysis of the Film Industry's Collapsing Video Window." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/533.
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The collapse of the video window is disrupting the economic framework between exhibitors and distributors in the film industry. This study analyzes the collapse from several angles and provides a detailed description as to why the collapse has, and will continue to be, disruptive. I first examine the impact various technologies have had on the collapse of the video window – the time between a motion picture’s theatrical release and video release – during 1997 – 2012. The average video window has declined from 5 months 22days in 1997 to 3 months 29 days in 2012. Differences of means tests were used to inspect the average video window at the time of each technology’s introduction. Then in order to reveal how the length of the video window affects box office profit, I use an ordinary least squares regression to examine the determinants of gross domestic box office profit for a sample of 294 top earning U.S. films during 1999-2012.
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Polyakov, Daniel M. "Estimating the Effects of Integrated Film Production on Box-Office Performance: Do Inhouse Effects Influence Studio Moguls?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/245.
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Each year well over one billion movie tickets are sold to an audience who knows very little about what they are getting themselves into. Why is it that despite the uncertainty, people return to the theaters to see what Hollywood has in store for them? In efforts to provide answers regarding the driving forces behind Hollywood’s blockbuster hits, this study takes into account the integration levels of the studios. Specifically, does a movie produced in-house at a large studio have a better chance of being a blockbuster hit than one which is outsourced to an independent production company? Further, I discuss the motivation behind the studios’ decision. While considering the embedded integration within the motion picture industry, this study aims to provide insight regarding the extent of internal studio productions and the effects of these films on the box-office.
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Pinczower, Zoe A. "Roles, Race, and Receipts: The Implications of Foreign Racial Preferences For the Supply of U.S. Films." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1518.
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Numerous U.S. studio executives claim that the lack of on-screen racial diversity is a result of producers responding to discriminatory racial preferences of international audiences. To test these claims, this paper augments prior film financial success models by introducing measures of cast diversity to quantify the impact that actor race has on film revenue in the domestic and international market. Using OLS regressions, I examine and compare this effect within the domestic and aggregate movie market to investigate the underlying motivations for producers to not cast nonwhite actors. The findings support the claims made by studio heads that, on the whole, films with greater levels of diversity significantly underperform in the international box office, yet are not a strong determinant for domestic consumption. Although producers may be making assumptions about foreign demand when investing in films, the revenue regressions seem to support their assumptions. However, the results are ultimately difficult to interpret. Holding budget and other key film characteristics constant, more diverse films perform poorly relative to less diverse films in foreign markets, so the demographic disparities in films could be mostly driven by rational, profit-maximizing behavior from studios and producers.
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Whalen, David. "Much Ado About Nothing: How Much Do The Oscars Matter?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1437752917.
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Fahlstedt, Lisa, and Johan Palm. "De traditionella filmuthyrningsbutikernas skapande av lojala kunder på en mättad marknad." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1235.
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<p>This essay is about the market of traditional rental movie stores, which today are on a mature stage of the marketing cycle. The technique is constantly accelerating and contributes to evaluation of new ways to watch movie. New competitors are such as bigger chain of stores that can offer, in addition to their wide range of other goods, rental movies as a secondary selling. The substitute is of most part Internet based services from where you can watch movie online or download film legally as well as illegally.</p><p>These different sorts of new competitors or substitutes become a big threat on the traditional rental movie stores as these substitutes can offer the same prices or even lower.</p><p>With these new ways of watching film this will on turn change the behaviours of the customers that likes to watch movies. The problem for the traditional rental movie stores is trying to keep their existing customers and try keeping them loyal to their store, so that they won’t loose them to the competitors and substitutes. In this essay we have chosen some strategies of marketing that are relevant for the study, the theories we have used in this essay are: Involvement Theory, Product Life Cycle, and Theory of five competitive forces, Service Profit Chain, Total Communication, and the theory of leverage effect.</p><p>These theories are put together into a model showing, from the essay writers opinions, that rental movie stores should create loyalty to their customers compared to its contradiction of transaction marketing management.</p><p>The data that has been collected from the owners of the rental movie stores and their customers was collected from our four cases: Filmkedjan Farsta, Top 100, Dancho Film and Fruängens Video. The data was based on four interviews with the owners of the rental movie stores and 100 questionnaires to their customers. These two methods gave us our empirical data that together gave us the basis of analyzing it. The analyzing has been the base to the result and the result has been the base to the conclusion represented in the end of the essay.</p><p>One of the main conclusions of this essay is that traditional rental movie stores cannot compete with price, and therefore it is important for them to use loyalty as marketing strategy for a continuing survival on this changeable market.</p>
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Milana, Taylor. "Gender Inequality in Hollywood: The Magnitude, Determinants, and Influence of the Gender Wage Gap in the Film Industry." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1296.
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In the field of labor economics, abundant research has been conducted on the cause and magnitude of the gender wage gap in various industries in the United States. While the national gender wage gap has decreased over the last few decades, this trend has not been observed in every industry. The film industry, in particular, has experienced a notable lack of progress in both its social and economic treatment of women. Because Hollywood has significant influence in the United States, its misguided portrayal of women and failure to ensure equal pay for male and female actors sets a harmful standard for the rest of the nation. Due to the confidential nature of actors’ salaries, however, there is little research on the topic of the gender wage gap in Hollywood. Using a couple hundred observations, I examined the magnitude of the gender wage gap in Hollywood and compared the impact of gender on actors’ salaries to that of more pertinent variables, such as critical success and available finances. I concluded that gender has a greater effect on an actor’s salary than any other variable. In consideration of the relative lack of literature on this topic, I recommend several ways to further the research conducted in this study.
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Ahlström, Mattias, and Göran Bäckström. "Moving pictures - En bransch i rörelse : En undersökning om svenska konsumenters betalningsvilja för nedladdning av film." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-837.
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<p>Problem area and purpose</p><p>Nowadays, 2006, the downloading of music and movies is an increasingly more burning issue. But while the music industry has made great progress in using the Internet as a distribution channel the film industry has been at a standstill for several years. Recently however there has been progress in the form of a few film companies beginning to offer their customers legal ways to acquire films over the Internet. But with this progress one central question arises, which this report will try to answer; what are the important factors for selling films as the Internet moves from primarily being a information channel to also functioning as a distribution channel? The purpose is to examine what the consumers find important when purchasing film, and to establish to what degree there is a substitution effect between DVDs and downloadable films.</p><p>Method</p><p>The report is first and foremost based on an Internet survey with a total of 383 participants. The respondents are divided into two separate selections, the first consisting of people already with a genuine interest in film (both watching and purchasing) and the second selection consisting of people with a more average interest. To get a wider perspective, but also to get an in-depth view of the business, we interviewed a Swedish journalist with strong connections both with the film companies and with the consumers.</p><p>Theory</p><p>The survey is based on three theoretical concepts; added value, differentiation and substitution. Together these concepts form two variables, Inclination to purchase DVD and Inclination to pay for downloading. Depending on the respondents’ answers to the survey, different values are given the variables, which in turn shows how inclined the different groups are to substitute DVD with downloaded films.</p><p>Result and conclusion</p><p>The report’s result shows that the first selection is not very inclined to replace DVDs with downloaded films, while the second selection shows slightly more interest. In conclusion, the most important factors for the consumers when, or rather if, downloading films are low price and an easy and functional system. When looking at the industry today this is not what the companies are offering the consumers, which puts the film industry’s role as Internet distributor in question.</p>
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Jonasson, Frida, Caroline Larsson, and Wellbrant Denice Svensson. "Sälj det med en film : En kvalitativ studie om konsumenters uppfattning av filmreferenser i reklamfilm." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36618.
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I ett samhälle där konsumenter ständigt är omringade av någon form av reklam, uppstår en ignorens och blindhet för reklamernas budskap. Det sätter krav på företag att bli mer kreativa och använda metoder som tar sig förbi blindheten och därmed fångar konsumenternas uppmärksamhet. I årtionden har företag använt sig av musik i sina reklamfilmer för att skapa associationer och stärka sitt budskap gentemot konsumenterna, men vad händer när enbart musik inte längre är tillräckligt differentierande? I denna studie har författarna undersökt användandet av filmreferenser i reklamfilmer för att se hur effektivt denna metod möjligen är. Studien grundades i en kvalitativ studie med två olika forskiningsgrupper med deltagare i olika åldrar och bakgrund.
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Jansen, Christian. "The German motion picture industry." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14767.
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Die Arbeit ist mit den ökonomischen Auswirkungen von Regulierungen, die für die deutsche Filmwirtschaft relevant sind, befasst. Es werden die ökonomischen Effekte dreier Regulierungsfelder, die in der öffentlichen Debatte diskutiert werden, betrachtet. Diese sind: Das deutsche Filmförderungsgesetz (FFG), das Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG) und der Rundfunkstaatsvertrag (RStV). Im Zentrum der Analyse steht die Frage, wie die jeweiligen Regulierungen die ökonomische Effizienz beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus werden wesentliche institutionelle und marktliche Charakteristika der deutschen Filmwirtschaft betrachtet. Teile der Untersuchung sind in eine breit angelegte Regressionsanalyse über die Determinanten des Erfolges deutscher Kinofilme eingebettet. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass die betrachteten Regulierungen im Allgemeinen negative Auswirkungen auf die ökonomische Effizienz haben.<br>This work deals with the economic impact of regulations on the German film industry, focusing in particular on the effects of three pieces of legislation central to Germany's public debate on film politics. The legislation considered is the Film Act (Filmförderungsgesetz - FFG), the amendments to the Copyright Law (Urheberrechtsgesetz - UrhG), and the Inter-State Agreement on Broadcasting (Rundfunkstaatsvertrag - RStV). The inquiry examines how these statutes affect economic efficiency. In addition, major market and institutional characteristics of the German motion picture industry are studied. The analysis is partly embedded in a broadly disposed regression analysis of the determinants of performance of German movies in the theatrical market. The work indicates that the regulations considered generally detract from economic efficiency.
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Bragg, Julia Nicole. "Surviving Survivor: How Coalitions Persevere in Survivor." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami158817263906927.
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Vacanti, Rachael E. "The Greatest Show: Characteristics of Descriptive Video Service and the Box Office." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1534175402318917.
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Haak, Christopher J. "Direct-to-DVD: From Syfy to the Majors." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1292465802.
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Magnusson, Tobias. "Investerare eller mecenat? : En studie om riskkapitalanvändning inom den svenska filmbranschen." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för ekonomi och it, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-3521.
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Title: Investor or Maecenas? – A study on the usage of venture capital within the Swedish film industry. Author: Tobias Magnusson Supervisors: Ahmad Ahmadi, Clas Gunnarsson Purpose: The purpose with this thesis is to complement the research on procurement of capital within the Swedish film industry. Methodology: The primarily research method that have been used to gather material is qualitative interviews, that has been performed with four individuals that are active in the Swedish film industry. Theory: In order to create an adequate theoretical base, theories regarding investments and cultural entrepreneurship are presented. Empirics: In this chapter the results of the interviews are presented, sorted in several subcategories. The material is thereafter analyzed and discussed in the following chapter, with the theoretical base in mind. Conclusion: The usage of venture capital within the Swedish film industry is relatively low today. Non-monetary values are the primary reason to invest in the Swedish film industry today. A significant risk diversification, together with knowledge dispersion needs to be made in order to make the Swedish film industry more attractive to investors. If these changes will be made, there is a possibility that the industry’s self image will change. Keywords: Film, financing, venture capital, cultural entrepreneurship, Swedish film industry<br>Titel: Investerare eller mecenat? – en studie om riskkapitalanvändning inom den svenska filmbranschen Författare: Tobias Magnusson Handledare: Ahmad Ahmadi, Clas Gunnarsson Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att komplettera forskningen kring kapitalanskaffning inom den svenska filmindustrin. Metod: Den huvudsakliga materialinsamlingen har skett genom kvalitativa samtalsintervjuer med fyra stycken personer som är aktiva inom den svenska filmbranschen. Teori: För att skapa en adekvat teoretisk referensram presenteras dels investeringsteorier, samt även teorier som rör kulturföretagande. Empiri: I empirikapitlet presenteras resultatet av intervjuerna, utefter en rad underrubriker. Empirin analyseras och diskuteras sedan i det efterföljande kapitlet med utgångspunkt i den presenterade teorin. Slutsats: Användningen av riskkapital sker i begränsad utsträckning idag. Mjuka värden är idag den främsta anledningen till riskkapitalinvestering i den svenska filmbranschen. En påtaglig riskdiversifiering samt kunskapsöverföring måste ske för att göra svensk film attraktivare ur ett investerarperspektiv. Sker dessa förändringar är det även troligt att branschens självbild kan komma att ändras. Sökord: Filmfinansiering, riskkapital, kulturföretagande, svensk filmindustri
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Hendricks, Jonathan. "Playing-With the World: Toy Story's Aesthetics and Metaphysics of Play." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6709.
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Pixar’s Toy Story (John Lassiter, 1995) is not just a story about toys and the children that play with them, but a demonstration of how we interact with the world. This thesis looks at the way in which both main children, Andy and Sid, interact with their toys and how this interaction is one that is structured by way of what Martin Heidegger calls “Enframing.” In this modality of playing, toys and other things and entities in the world, and the world itself, appear to the children as on-hand resources for use at any time and can be molded, as if plastic, to fit their needs. I problematize this way of interacting with the world by looking at not only it manifests in Toy Story, but also in the process of the film’s production, Silicon Valley aesthetics, our reliance upon plastics, neoliberal capital in light of the “1099 economy,” and ecological ramifications of these practices as seen in the ecological registers. Through these metaphysics, we seek to mold the world in accordance with human-centered interests as we play within the world. My thesis also turns to understand how metaphysics has transformed over time so that we can work towards bringing forth a different way of relating to the world that is sustainable, ethical, and one of care. I argue for an understanding of things in the world likened to an interconnected and interdependent network that we are always connected to, and in an “interplay” with. I conclude the project by arguing for a possible turn to the writings of Alfred North Whitehead, Henri Bergson, and other philosophers who work in process metaphysics for a possible reinvigoration of “apparatus theory,” which has lost favor with many film scholars since the 1970s/1980s. I argue that a process framework could provide fresh light on the cinematic apparatus in light of digital at-home streaming services, as well as work towards revealing stronger interlinked connections between media, economics, ecology, geopolitics, etc.
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Trapani, Kim. "FLEXIBLE FLOATING THIN FILM PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ARRAY CONCEPT FOR MARINE AND LACUSTRINE ENVIRONMENTS." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2199.
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The focus of the research is on the development of the concept of floating flexible thin film arrays for renewable electricity generation, in marine and lacustrine application areas. This research was motivated by reliability issues from wave energy converters which are prone to large loads due to the environment which they are exposed in; a flexible system would not need to withstand these loads but simply yield to them. The solid state power take off is an advantage of photovoltaic (PV) technology which removes failure risks associated with mechanical machinery, and also potential environmental hazards such as hydraulic oil spillage. The novelty of this technology requires some development before it could even be considered feasible for large scale installation. Techno-economics are a big issue in electricity developments and need to be scoped in order to ensure that they would be cost-competitive in the market and with other technologies.
Other more technical issues relate to the change in expected electrical yield due to the modulation of the PV array according to the waves and the electrical performance of the PVs when in wet conditions. Results from numerical modelling of the modulating arrays show that there is not expected variation in electrical yield at central latitudes (slightly positive), although at higher latitudes there could be considerable depreciation. With regards to the electrical performance a notable improvement was measured due to the cooling effect, slight decrease in performance was also estimated due to water absorption (of ~ 1.4%) within the panels. Overall results from both economic and technical analysis show the feasibility of the concept and that it is a possibility for future commercialisation.
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Kim, Michelle. "Cracking the Hollywood Formula: The Secret Powers of the Superhero Franchise." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/396.
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There are many perceived advantages of developing a film from a comic book series such as its preexisting built-in audiences, easy marketability, licensing opportunities of comic book characters, and easily adaptable stories. All these qualities make the comic book conducive to film adaptation and profitable franchises. Studios have also taken notice and have been producing comic book inspired films in record numbers in the past decade. This thesis will investigate the comic book-to-film phenomena and will attempt to quantify whether it is in fact as lucrative as it appears. In order to quantify the effect of the comic book variable on film's success, this study will utilize the ordinary least squares method. By regressing the comic variable along with all other control variables, we hope to determine if the effect of the comic variable varies between two different measures of success.
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Frampton, Anthony. "Cross-Border Film Production: The Neoliberal Recolonization of an Exotic Island by Hollywood Pirates." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1394999350.
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Paton, David John. "The economics of advertising : a firm level study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267490.
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Kposowa, Kaitor. "The Financial Success of Franchise Film Sequels: An Exploration of the Relationship of Budget, Personnel Factors, and Reviews with Sequel Return on Investment." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429187596.
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Koopmans, Reinout Michael. "Asymmetric industry structures : multiple technologies, firm dynamics and profitability." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1428/.
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The origins of asymmetric firm sizes are analyzed in the first part of this thesis, modelling technology choice in a one shot quantity game with homogeneous goods. For certain sizes of the market more than one technology is chosen in equilibrium. Generally, the larger the market, the higher the fixed cost of the technology that is chosen in equilibrium. The trade off between market size and concentration is non-monotonic, even if for any size of the market only the most fragmented market structure is considered. In the second part consequences of asymmetric firm sizes are investigated. In Chapter 3 firm dynamics in the chemical sector are examined, distinguishing between the dynamics of scale and scope. The production capacity of firms in homogeneous bulk chemical markets converges in size on a market by market basis, resulting in a fragmented industry structure on a disaggregated level. However, the number of products chemical corporations produce within a category of (synthetic organic) chemicals diverges, leading to a more concentrated industry structure on higher levels of aggregation. These counteracting forces can potentially explain the persistence of concentration that has been observed in fast growing chemical markets. In Chapter 4 it is shown that if the observed asymmetry between firms is consistent with a (subgame-perfect) equilibrium of some single or multi-stage game, bounds exist that restrict the degree of asymmetry between the firms' profitability. Their shape is determined by industry factors. In particular, a higher sensitivity of a firm's profitability on its competitor's action rotates the bounds on the profitability-size trade off anti-clockwise. This is tested for homogeneous goods industries using a panel from the FTC Line of Business Data. Allowing for firm specific fixed effects, some strong empirical support is found.
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Belussi, Fiorenza. "Industrial innovation and firm development in Italy : the Veneto case." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297118.
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In recent years there has been a considerable interest, both theoretical and empirical, on the analysis of the nature, sources, and speed of diffusion of technological change, stemming from the importance of technological activities in determining the economic performance of the most industrialised market economies. During the last decade, at the international level, two models in particular have attracted attention for their dramatic path of growth: the Japanese system and the "Third Italy" model, the latter based on small firm development and on an extensive inter-firm division of labour. This thesis explores "empirically" the nature of technological capacities in a selected sample of more than 100 firms located in one of the regions more representative of the "Third Italy" model - the Veneto region - and shows the (partially achieved) process of technological catching-up. It develops a rich range of indicators for testing the innovative capability of firms, which derive from an ample reflection on the nature of the industrial innovation and the determinants of industrial organisation, conducted in the first two (theoretical) chapters. Links to strategy, organisation, and firm competitiveness are also highlighted. The author examines in chapters 3~ 4, 5, and 6 the performance of the industrial structure analysed, where R&D activities scores very low, showing the various models of firms' technological learning, the importance of innovation acquisition, and the weight of internal improvements in driving the, evolutionary strategy of each individual firm. In the light of the "Third Italy" debate, which emerged after the Piore and Sabel publication in 1984, the thesis challenges the over-simplistic explanation of the ,existence of small-based industrial structures. This research illustrates the main factors structuring growth and size, and the recent tendency found towards the re-centralisation of the industrial structure. This work follows the seminal contribution of Pavitt (1984), where some regularities were found, within specific groups of firms ("science based", "scale intensive", "specialised suppliers", "scale intensiveltraditional", and "traditional"). In our sample, the prevailing small-size of firms appeared strongly correlated to the diffused presence of fIrms belonging to "traditional sectors" and to "specialised suppliers". In this perspective, the firms' evolution does not seem to be related at all to the adoption of non-Fordist techniques, but it derives from: a) the origin and rate of growth of the industrial structure, b) the influence of the firm's "governance", c) the sectoral inter-firm division of labour, d) the extent of the market, and, e) dynamically, the exploitation of technological change. In chapter 7, an econometric test has been applied to verify the positive relationship between innovation and firm growth.
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Young, Steven Eric. "Discretionary accounting accruals : systematic measurement error and firm-specific determinants." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307362.
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Amess, Kevin. "Corporate governance and firm-level performance : the case of management buyouts." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324045.
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Westhead, Paul. "New manufacturing firm formation in the context of the economy of Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257210.
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Kapya, David. "Technical and scale efficiency in Zambia's agro-progressing industry: a firm level data envelope analysis of the 2011/2012 manufacturing census." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23415.
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The implementation of privatization and Structural Adjustment Programs in Zambia saw the contribution of manufacturing in GDP significantly reduce from 37.2 percent in 1992 to 8.2 percent in 2013. Efforts to revamp manufacturing have not delivered to expectations and the industrial base has continued to be smaller than it used to be in the 1970s and 1980s. This has raised serious questions about suitable industrialization policies not only for Zambia but for other African countries as well. This study examines the agro-processing industry with a view to establish whether it can drive the development of Zambia's manufacturing. We start by exploring the growth opportunities and highlighting the key sectors of comparative advantage. Thereafter, we apply the Data Envelopment Analysis algorithm to construct measures of technical and scale efficiency for a sample of 115 firms using the 2011/2012 Economic Census data. Finally, we examine the effect of firm attributes on the firm's technical and scale efficiency using the Tobit regression model. The results reveal that there are sufficient growth opportunities in Zambia's agro-processing industry, but the industry is highly inefficient. The average technical efficiency was 42.5 percent while scale efficiency was 81.7 percent. The study also shows that firm efficiency is affected by firm size, the size of the firm's market share, labour costs, and location of the firm.
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Glezakos, M. "The Athens Stock Exchange : The effect of firm-specific factors on the stock returns." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376624.
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Holden, N. J. "The development of the concept of communication competence in relation to firm' interactions in overseas markets." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371911.
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de, Feo-Giet Danielle Karanjeet J. "Fantasies of authenticity, anxieties of culture : global capital, entertainment and cultural nationalism in the contemporary popular cinemas of India and China since 1990." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:39cbae3c-354c-4ebc-be09-386af42f78d0.
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My thesis is dedicated to the study of popular, commercial cinema as a force within the discourse of national and personal identity in the rapidly changing mega-economies of India and China, and their diasporas, since the watershed year of 1990. Its purpose is to reveal the unique pattern of like and unlike that exists between the "Social Representations" (Serge Moscovici 2000) of contemporary India and China on screen through a juxtapositional comparative approach, close visual analysis, and the development of original theoretical tools. Tense networks of fantasy and anxiety emerge as popular culture actively circulates their shared experiences of changing global status, uneven economic growth (Gong Haomin 2012), and social change. Transnational subjects, Hua and Desi, arrive on screen ready to carve out culturally inflected modernities, in search of "tradition" and "values" to suit contemporary cultural-nations-beyond-borders. I treat film as consumer product, diegetic entity, and text: hence narrative, visual, linguistic and contextual aspects of over fourteen popular commercial films ("Bollywood" and "Yulepian"), are explored. My analysis comprises two interlocking halves: the first two chapters focus chiefly on identities - Hua and Desi, and diasporic persons. The former, conduits for the cultural nation to re-think modernity, the latter a dreamed vanguard of "claim-staking" ethnicised global consumers, defenders of the cultural nation in the "host" country. Chapters Three and Four focus on genres - comedy and history films. Through comedy, these films create state-serving heterotopias or challenge the status quo; perhaps they build cultural nationalist mythos, or lace cynical questions through lavish history film. To understand internecine relationships between economics, society and the imagination, entertainment film cannot be dismissed - in India and China, where change has had intended and unintended consequences unfolding even as uncertainty looms, I show that fresh study, especially in comparison, is absolutely essential.
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Piesse, Jenifer. "Firm level approaches to the measurement of production efficiency, technical change and total factor productivity in transition economies." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285834.
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Yoruk, Deniz Eylem. "Firm-level upgrading in low-and-medium-technology industries in emerging markets : the role of learning in networks." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47684/.
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This thesis investigates how involvement in networks contributes to firm-level upgrading in emerging markets. In the 1990s, the international de-localisation of production and global integration has brought about a process of upgrading for firms in the transition and latecomer industrialising countries that allowed them to approach the technological frontier and enhance their competitive position. Hence, the firm-level upgrading became a process of improving technological and organisational deficiencies in the firms' knowledge base, particularly through knowledge transfer and learning in networks they have involved in, enabling them to adjust to the new environment by doing things differently and/or better as well as doing different things. The literature on upgrading stresses the effects of value chains and production networks on industrial upgrading, while the role of various learning mechanisms is largely unexplored. Employing an evolutionary perspective, this thesis contributes to existing analyses by considering the role of knowledge networks and by using ‘learning in networks' as a bridging concept, by which the interaction between inter- and intraorganisational knowledge transfer is demonstrated to have significant bearing on hastening the process of catching-up in emerging markets. Specifically, this thesis examines what characteristics of the networks of Polish food-processing and clothing firms affect learning mechanisms in an inter-organisational context and how these mechanisms combined with internal factors supporting internalisation of externally acquired knowledge (including firm strategy orientation) contribute to various types of firm-level upgrading during the period 1989-2001. Methodologically, this thesis proposes a dynamic model of firm-level upgrading with a novel unit of analysis: the relationships of the firm. So, rather than using firm case studies, it provides statistical evidence typically lacking in the upgrading research, while not sacrificing the in-depth nature of case studies, as each relationship of the firms studied has been investigated through face-to-face interviews that are translated into a dataset of relationships analysed using multinomial logistic regressions. First, the network-related characteristics of external learning mechanisms were identified and then used as a reference point in the upgrading analysis. The results for product upgrading largely confirm the previous findings in the literature. However, the upgrading of production processes is a function of learning from advances in science and technology through knowledge networks. Strikingly, learning-by-interacting in production networks actually appears to impede managerial (rather than functional) upgrading, a previously unexplored upgrading type, which is also shown to be a prerequisite for functional upgrading. While learning-by-training and research within the firm is a potent condition for external learning mechanisms to contribute to all of the upgrading types, for successful functional upgrading, it is a must. These findings show the importance of the use of an integrative approach to learning in research on upgrading.
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Attfield, Judith. "The role of design in the relationship between furniture manufacture and its retailing 1939-1965 with initial reference to the furniture firm of J.Clarke." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332032.
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Strauss, Angela L. "The economic impact of film tourism on small communities." Th author, 2003. http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/55215981?page=frame&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwstout.edu%2Flib%2Fthesis%2F2003%2F2003straussa.pdf&title=&linktype=digitalObject&detail=.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin-Stout., 2003.<br>"December, 2003". "A research paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree with major in Global Hospitality; Approved: 3 semester credits (signature) professor Lynnette Brouwer; The Graduate School, University of Wisconsin-Stout." Description based on 2005 edition printed on Aug. 2, 2007 from http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/55215981?page=frame&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwstout.edu%2Flib%2Fthesis%2F2003%2F2003straussa.pdf&title=&linktype=digitalObject&detail= Bibliography p. 36-40. Also available online (viewed 2 Aug. 2007) at address: http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/55215981?page=frame&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwstout.edu%2Flib%2Fthesis%2F2003%2F2003straussa.pdf&title=&linktype=digitalObject&detail=
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Elert, Niklas. "Economic dynamism : essays on firm entry and firm growth." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-34804.
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The topic of this thesis is economic dynamism. The five articles contribute to the literature on firm entry and firm growth. Studies are based on a dataset covering all Swedish limited liability firms between 1997 and 2010. The first article investigates conditions for firm entry in Sweden, distinguishing regular entrants from entrants that survive for at least two years, modelling the firm entry decision using count data models. While high income and a well-educated population had a positive effect, the effect was more important for surviving entrants. The second article uses a similar method, but focuses on wholesale industries and distinguishes between regular entry and in migration of firms, i.e. when an incumbent firm relocates its operations. Access to a university, many educated workers and low local taxes had positive effects. Better access to infrastructure had a strong positive effect on entrants, but it was smaller for in-migrating firms. The third article investigates if the industry context matters for whether Gibrat’s law holds, i.e. whether firm growth is independent of firm size. The law is found more likely to be rejected in industries with a high minimum efficient scale and a large number of firms located in metropolitan areas, but more likely to hold in industries with high market concentration and more group ownership. The fourth and fifth article contribute to the high-growth firms (HGFs) literature. In the fourth article it is examined whether the way HGFs are defined matters for the policy implications. It is found that the economic contributions of HGFs differ significantly depending on definition. Young firms are however more likely to be HGFs irrespective of definition. The fifth article considers the frequent argument that policymakers should target high-tech firms, i.e., firms with high R&D intensity, because such firms are thought more likely to become HGFs. We examine this assumption by studying the industry distribution of HGFs. Results indicate that industries with high R&D intensity, ceteris paribus, can be expected to have a lower share of HGFs than can industries with lower R&D intensity. By contrast, we find that HGFs are overrepresented in service industries with a high share of human capital.
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Scott, Morton Fiona. "Firm pricing and entry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11958.
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Ehmer, Hanne Elisabeth. "Economic Policy and the Heterogeneous Firm." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-111732.
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Sahu, Rakesh. "IT investments and firm performance across economies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55241.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2009.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-96).<br>Research has shown a positive relationship between IT investments and firm performance. But the results vary across firms and performance measures. Evidence indicates that IT resource allocations, in the form of investment in specific IT asset classes and IT capabilities of the firm, may play an important role in explaining the variations. A monolithic view of firm's total IT investment is not sufficient to explain the performance variations. Firms must invest in specific IT assets along dimensions consistent with their strategic purpose. In addition, firms can derive additional value on their IT investment through a system of organizational IT capabilities based upon complementary practices and competencies. This thesis looks at the IT resources and performance of firms in both developed and emerging economies. In a globalizing world, the emerging economies are playing increasingly important roles for multinational firms as suppliers, back offices, service providers and new markets. The intent of this thesis is to analyze how top performing firms in different markets make use of their IT resources and capabilities.<br>by Rakesh Sahu.<br>S.M.
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Nordin, Linn. "Firm Competitiveness and the EU ETS : An empirical study using Swedish firm-level data." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149627.
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This paper sets out to study the effect of the EU ETS on economic and financial indicators through which the impacts on firm competitiveness may be observed. Examining labor productivity, relative profit before tax, turnover, and value added afterthe introduction of the EU ETS offers a method for evaluating the effects of the program on economic performance. The study is based on a unique dataset of Swedish firms covering the years 2003-2008. To assess the causal impact of the EU ETS on firm performance the propensity score matching method is combined with the difference-indifference approach. The findings suggest a positive and significant impact on labor productivity, turnover and value added, while a negative and significant effect can be observed for relative profit before tax.
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Zwiebel, Jeffrey Herman. "Essays on firm management and control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13529.
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Rao, Nirupama S. "Essays on taxation and firm behavior." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59114.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This dissertation consists of three essays that examine the impact of tax policy of firm behavior. The first chapter uses new well-level production data on California oil wells and after-tax producer prices to estimate how temporary taxes affect oil production decisions. Theory suggests that temporary taxes could lead producers to shut wells, and more generally that they create strong incentives for retiming extraction of the exhaustible resource to minimize tax burdens. The empirical estimates suggest small estimates of extensive responses to after-tax prices, meaning that wells are rarely shut, but they also suggest substantial retiming of production for operating wells. While the estimates vary with specifications, the elasticity of oil production with respect to the after-tax price is estimated to fall between 0.208 and 0.261. The estimates are used to calibrate a simple model of the efficiency cost of tax-induced distortions relative to the no-tax optimal extraction path. Calculations suggest that a 15 percent temporary excise tax on California oil producers reduces the present value of producer surplus by between one and five percent of the no-tax surplus or between 113 and 166 percent of the government revenue raised, depending on the original life of the well and the duration of the temporary tax. The second chapter examines the impact of the federal R&D tax credit on research spending during the 1981-1991 period using both publicly available data from 10-Ks and confidential data from federal corporate tax returns. The key advance on previous work is the use of an instrumental variables strategy based on tax law changes that addresses the potential simultaneity between R&D spending and its user cost. The results yield a range of estimates for the effect of tax incentives on R&D investment. Estimates using only publicly available data suggest that a ten percent tax subsidy for R&D yields on average between $3.5 (0.24) million and $10.7 (1.79) million in new R&D spending per firm. Estimates from IRS SOI data suggest that a ten percent reduction in the user cost would lead the average firm to increase qualified spending by $2.0 (0.39) million. Estimates from the much smaller merged sample suggest that qualified spending is responsive to the tax subsidy. A similar response in total spending is not statistically discernible in the merged sample. The inconsistency of estimates across datasets, instrument choice and specifications highlights the sensitivity of estimates of the tax-price elasticity of R&D spending. How a corporate tax reform will affect a firms reported earnings in the year of its enactment, and how the firm may choose to react to the tax reform, depend in part on the sign and magnitude of the firms net deferred tax position. The final chapter, written jointly with Jim Poterba and Jeri Seidman, compiles new disaggregated deferred tax position data for a sample of large U.S. firms between 1993 and 2004. These data are used to assess the size and composition of deferred tax assets and liabilities and their magnitudes relative to the book-tax income gap. We find that temporary differences account for a substantial share of the book-tax income gap. The key contributors to the increase in the book-tax gap include mark-to-market adjustments, property and valuation allowances. In interpreting the data we collect on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the context of the behavioral incentives surrounding a tax rate change, we find that a pre-announced reduction in the corporate tax rate would give a third of the firms in our sample to a strong incentive to accelerate income to the high-tax period, contrary to typical expectations that fail to take deferred tax positions into account.<br>by Nirupama S. Rao.<br>Ph.D.
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Miranda, Marta Maria Araújo. "Public Policies for Cinema in Portugal: the Non-commercial Film Exhibition Sector." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129647.
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Miranda, Marta Maria Araújo. "Public Policies for Cinema in Portugal: the Non-commercial Film Exhibition Sector." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129647.
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Jung-Hsuan, Hung, and 洪嫆絢. "The current situation of film music of Taiwan under the cultural industry and the analysis of the politics and economics(1960~2005)." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27239601700054977328.
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碩士<br>國立臺南藝術大學<br>音像藝術管理研究所<br>94<br>Abstract
The development of the film in Taiwan changes with the politics, economy and society. With the characteristic of fast circulation, film becomes the utility for the propagation of government decree. Among them, film music plays an important role. With the simple melody and encouraging lyrics, it virtually achieves the goal of propagating. Therefore, the development of a country can be understood from the music because the music shows the fact of politics, economy and social culture of a country in certain degree. However, the film music is always affected by disc industry and commercial benefits, which may change the mode of production. Especially when large amount of capital has been invested on disc industry, the music created under this environment may be commercial exchange and not for art. The originality and functionality of film music will be hoodwinked in order to accord with the demands of the public.
In this article, through the politics and economy of Taiwan, it is expected to make a proper arrangement on history of film combined with music. Besides, there are interviews with film music creators who represent the film music in different stage of Taiwan. This includes Oen Ching-Sue in 70s, Xie Jay-Yang in 80s and 90s, and Zhang Yu-Wai in 21 century. The film music created by these three men in different stages will be analyzed. Then, with their actual experience on creation of film music, the film music industry of Taiwan will be studied.
I will study in the following three directions: 1. the change of historical thread of thought on film music of Taiwan; the film music of Taiwan under the culture industry; the relationship between the film music, and politics and economy. The situation of film music of Taiwan will be inspected in the mentioned three directions. Besides, it will combine with study on historical documents, in-depth interview, analysis in this article and the concept of culture industry from Theodor W. Adorno to inspect the current situation of film music industry of Taiwan. From the view of "Political Economic of Music" put forward by Jacques Attali (1995) to analyze the relationship of film music, politics and economy.
According to the result, when the theme propagated by government and the problem concerned by society changes, the content of the films are also changed. Besides, the expression of music also appears differently. For example, in 70s, the film is the propagation utility for policy of government. The film music emphasized anti-communism and resisted against Japan. However, in 90s, localization and merging of ethnicity becomes the focal point of the government. Therefore, the aboriginal music and folk have been added to the music in order to show the integration of every ethnicity. Besides, under the culture industry, the film music of Taiwan is standardized. The western successful music and
marketing is integrated in the film music industry of Taiwan. For example, regarding the creation of music, large-scale symphony orchestra is always be used. Regarding the marketing, the film sound track focuses on small markets and market separation in order to survive in public music.
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Moutinho, Vânia Nogueira. "Audit Fees and Firm Performance." Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/75391.
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Moutinho, Vânia Nogueira. "Audit Fees and Firm Performance." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/75391.
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Nova, Mariana Pires Vila. "Hedging with derivatives and firm value." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/81416.
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