Journal articles: 'Film Four'

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Ağın, Besna. "An Analysis on Ambivalence in Cinema: “The Last Tycoon” Elia Kazan." Etkileşim 2, no. 4 (2019): 220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.71.

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Involved in filmmaking more than four decades, Elia Kazan had been a witness and an influence for significant change in the American film industry. His final phase includes four films, respectively, America America, The Arrangement, The Visitors and The Last Tycoon which are his most neglected films in film studies, compared to his previous successful films such as On the Waterfront, A Streetcar Named Desire, East of Eden and Splendor in the Grass. This study has focused on one of his late films for mainly two reasons; to fill the gap in the literature and present an analyses of Kazan’s most structurally different film regarding its narrative complexities with the concept of realism. Realism is one of the key concepts to study Kazan in the research field, but distinctively, I have tried to find the realism within the mise-en-scène and ambivalence in the narrative.

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Chen, Jialiang. "A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Film Title Translation——from the Perspective of "Four Values"." International Linguistics Research 3, no. 4 (2020): p120. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v3n4p120.

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With the deepening of cultural exchanges between China and western countries, interaction and dissemination of film works have become a common trend. A film title is the "eye" of a film; therefore, concerning the differences between English and Chinese languages, film title translation should not only convey necessary information about the films to the corresponding audience in the target language, but also arouse the interest of the audience to achieve a satisfactory box office. Based on the theories of functional equivalence and communicative translation, and especially the evaluation standard of film title translation—the realization of "four values", the thesis makes a comparative analysis of English and Chinese in film title translation and evaluates it with evidence from the successful experience of C-E (Chinese to English) and E-C (English to Chinese) film title translation from 2016 to 2019 in order to provide references for C-E film title translation under three translating techniques, thus promoting the value of title translation and the entrance of Chinese films to international markets.

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Panta, GP, and DP Subedi. "Electrical characterization of aluminum (Al) thin films measured by using four- point probe method." Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 8, no. 2 (2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i2.7322.

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This paper reports the results of electrical characterization of aluminum thin films. Uniform Al thin films were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique on glass substrates. The electrical resistivity of the films as a function of film thickness was studied. These parameters have been measured by four-point probe method. The electrical resistivity was obtained by the measurement of current (in mA) and voltage in (mV) through the probe. The results showed that resistivity of the film decreases linearly with the film thickness in the range of the thickness studied in this work. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 8, No. II, December, 2012, 31-36 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i2.7322

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Woodward, Ashley. "Dispositif, Matter, Affect, and the Real: Four Fundamental Concepts of Lyotard's Film-Philosophy." Film-Philosophy 23, no. 3 (2019): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2019.0118.

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Jean-François Lyotard's work remains a largely untapped resource for film-philosophy. This article surveys four fundamental concepts which indicate the fecundity of this work for current studies and debates. While Lyotard was generally associated with the “theory” of the 1980s which privileged language, signs, and cultural representations, much of his work in fact resonates more strongly with the new materialisms and realisms currently taking centre stage. The concepts examined here indicate the relevance of Lyotard's work in four related contemporary contexts: the renewed interest in the dispositif, new materialism, the affective turn, and speculative realism. The concept of the dispositif (or apparatus) is being rehabilitated in the contemporary context because it shows a way beyond the limiting notion of mise en scène which has dominated approaches to film, and Lyotard's prevalent use of this concept feeds into this renewal. While matter is not an explicit theme in Lyotard's writings on film, it is nevertheless one at the heart of his aesthetics, and it may be extended for application to film. Affect was an important theme for Lyotard in many contexts, including his approaches to film, where it appears to subvert film's “seductive” (ideological) effects. Finally, the Real emerges as a central concept in Lyotard's last essay on cinema, where, perhaps surprisingly, it intimates something close to a speculative realist aesthetics. Each of the fundamental concepts of Lyotard's film-philosophy are introduced in the context of the current fields and debates to which they are relevant, and are discussed with filmic examples, including Michael Snow's La Région centrale (1971), Roberto Rossellini's Stromboli (Stromboli, terra di Dio, 1950), Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now (1979), and neo-realist cinema.

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Roger Troendle, G., Karen B. Troendle, and Edmund Cavazos. "Film thickness of four disclosing media." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 65, no. 6 (1991): 856–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(05)80028-9.

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Huertas Martín, Victor. "Theatrum Mundi and site in four television Shakespeare films." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 99, no. 1 (2019): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0184767819837548.

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This article explores metatheatricality and site specificity in four Shakespeare television films produced by Illuminations Media: Gregory Doran’s Macbeth (2001), Hamlet (2009) and Julius Caesar (2012), and Rupert Goold’s Macbeth (2010). Drawing on metatheatrical theory applied to the screen and recent criticism on site-specific theatre, I explore the films as self-referential and self-conscious works embedded in environments that oppose the artifice of drama to the ‘reality’ of normative television film. Shakespeare’s aesthetic metaphor, presented in self-contained theatrical worlds, does not depict autonomous fictions but is disrupted by outside ‘reality’.

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KIFFLI, SUDIRMAN, and NURUL AFINI ROSLIN MOHD SAUFI. "ELEMEN-ELEMEN ADAPTASI DALAM FILEM TOMBIRUO: PENUNGGU RIMBA (TPR)." International Journal of Creative Future and Heritage (TENIAT) 9, no. 1 (2021): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v9i1.402.

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Abstrak Penghasilan filem adaptasi adalah salah satu kaedah dalam memastikan kesinambungan karya-karya sastera agar sentiasa berkembang dalam pelbagai medium. Menerusi kajian ini, penelitian diberikan terhadap aspek-aspek adaptasi yang terdapat dalam penghasilan filem Tombiruo: Penunggu Rimba yang diadaptasi daripada novel Tombiruo Penunggu Rimba karya Ramlee Awang Murshid. Sebagai sebuah filem adaptasi yang masih baharu, kajian dan penyelidikan mengenai filem Tombiruo Penunggu Rimba (TPR) masih belum banyak dianalisis. Oleh hal yang sedemikian, penelitian telah dilakukan ke atas filem TPR dengan menerapkan pendekatan daripada Linda Hutcheon (2006). Empat aspek yang menjadi fokus kajian ini ialah (1) sumber dan cara adaptasi, (2) tujuan adaptasi, (3) kumpulan atau penonton sasaran dan (4) konteks. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keempat-empat elemen berkenaan diterapkan dengan baik di dalam penghasilan filem adaptasi TPR oleh pihak pembikin filem. Keadaan ini dikukuhkan dengan pelbagai peristiwa dan situasi seperti dipaparkan di dalam filem berkenaan yang secara tidak langsung memberikan kesan yang amat mendalam kepada khalayak yang menonton filem ini. Kesemua elemen adaptasi ini boleh membantu pihak pembikin filem untuk menghasilkan sebuah filem adaptasi dengan lebih baik. Abstract The production of adaptation films is one of the methods in ensuring the continuity of literary works so that they are constantly evolving in various mediums. Through this study, research focuses on the aspects of adaptation found in the production of the film Tombiruo: Penunggu Rimba (TPR) adapted from the novel with the same title by Ramlee Awang Murshid. As an adaptation film that is still considered as new, the TPR film has not been much analyzed. As such, a study was conducted on TPR film by applying the approach introduced by Linda Hutcheon (2006). This study focuses on four aspects namely (1) source and method of adaptation, (2) purpose of adaptation, (3) target group or audience and (4) context. The results show that the four aspects are well applied in the production of TPR by the filmmakers. This situation is reinforced by various events and situations as shown in the film itself which indirectly gives a very profound effect to the audience watching this film. All these elements of adaptation can help the filmmaker to produce a better adaptation film.

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Liang, Wei, Yu Feng Jin, and Jin Wen Zhang. "The Nano Tungsten Thin Film and its Contacting Property with Aluminium Electrodes." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.455.

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In this paper we report nanothickness tungsten (W) thin films with nanoscale thickness prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Three kinds of samples were realized using micromachining technology, including two-wire and four-wire terminal configurations and only Al electrodes. Using four-wire terminal method, we studied on the electrical property of W film and the contacting resistance between W film and Al electrode. The results show that our as-deposited W film is β-W crystal structure and exhibits good resistive property. Al formed a good ohmic contact with W films. Both the resistivity of W film and the contacting resistance declined nearly linearly with the thickness increasing.

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van Erp, Judith. "Anti-cartel thrillers as a new film genre: How regulator-produced films portray and problematize cartels and communicate deterrence." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 14, no. 2 (2017): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659016685377.

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This article directs the ‘visual turn’ in criminology to corporate crime, a topic that has been understudied by cultural criminologists. A recent trend of corporate crime movies suggests that film can compellingly critique economic crime and unethical business cultures. This article studies how law enforcement agencies, particularly competition authorities, have connected with this trend by using film in their communicative strategy. This article introduces the emerging genre of anti-cartel enforcement thrillers: regulator-produced realistic docudramas in which fictional cartels are exposed and punished. These films’ narratives about cartel enforcement are reconstructed by studying how the films portray cartels, perpetrators and their motives, and the regulator. An analysis of four films produced in four jurisdictions demonstrates that the films deter only to the extent that the local legal and political-economic context allows: the British film reflects that country’s neoliberal ‘pro-business’ climate, while the Swedish film depicts businesses as socially responsible and the Dutch film is pragmatic rather than moralistic. Only the Australian film is explicitly punitive in its narrative as well as its imaginary, and exemplifies the persuasive potential of film in enforcement.

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Shemer, Yaron. "Thematics and Hermeneutics in Four Recently Published Books on Middle Eastern/Arab Cinema." Review of Middle East Studies 50, no. 1 (2016): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2016.68.

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Along with the periodic irreverence towards Area Studies by its disciplinary counterparts, there has also been some discomfort within the narrow confines of Film Studies for scholarship that focuses on individual national or regional cinemas. And yet, the growing interest in the cinema of the Middle East (North Africa included) is unquestionable. The four books reviewed here are part of this trend; dozens of other publications on Middle Eastern cinema have been authored in English alone in the new millennium. Explanations for this (re)ignited interest go beyond the obvious political currents in the Middle East and include, inter alia, the increasingly common practice of co-productions, mainly between Europe and the Maghreb, where the terms of the co-production often result in availing Middle Eastern films to international markets and in the inclusion of these films in prestigious film festivals worldwide. The launching of new international film festivals in the Arab world/Middle East furthers the cinematic dialogue between this region and the rest of the world. Concurrently, even a cursory survey will point to the significant surge in courses on Arab/Middle Eastern cinema since the early 2000s in institutions of higher education in the United States and beyond.

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Moon, Kyung-Man, Yun-Hae Kim, Myeong-Hoon Lee, and Tae-Sil Baek. "Polarization characteristics of four types of coating films by thermal spray in seawater solution." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 06n07 (2015): 1540019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915400199.

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Thermal spray coating method has been known to be an attractive technique due to its relatively high coating speed. However, a high corrosion resistance of the coating film deposited by thermal spray method should be improved to prolong its lifetime. In this study, four types of coated films (DFT: 400 μm), that is, pure zinc, pure aluminum and two Al – Zn alloy ( Al : Zn = 85:15 and Al : Zn = 95:5) films were coated onto a carbon steel (SS401) with arc spraying, and the corrosion behaviors of these samples were investigated using the electrochemical method. The pure aluminum sample had the best corrosion resistance in seawater solution and alloy ( Al : Zn = 85:15) film, so called galvalume followed the pure aluminum sample, moreover, the alloy ( Al : Zn = 95:5) sample exhibited the worst corrosion resistance.

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Mulachela, Husen, Aurelius RL Teluma, and Eka Putri Paramita. "Gender Equality Messages in Film Marlina The Murderer In Four Acts." JCommsci - Journal of Media and Communication Science 2, no. 3 (2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jcommsci.v2i3.57.

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This research trying to analyze the meaning of symbols in the film Marlina The Murderer in Four Acts based on the indicators of gender equality namely, access, participation, control, and benefits. The unit of analysis in this study includes the audio and visual elements that exist in a selected scene for later analysis using the Roland Barthes semiotic method known as the "two order of signification" to find the meaning of denotation and connotation meanings and myths contained in both order systems. The whole series in this study refers to the framework of thinking with the aim of answering the formulation of the problem in research. From the results of the study, researchers found as many as 17 scenes containing the message of gender equality by including indicators of gender equality both in audio and visual elements. After going through the scene analysis process using the Roland Barthes semiotics method, control indicators in gender equality are found more prominently in films, then followed by indicators of access, participation, and benefits. This shows how the important role of control indicators in gender equality is applied so that other indicators can work.Keywords: Semiotic; film; gender equality; Marlina the Murderer in Four Acts

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Sresomroeng, Bhadpiroon, Pakorn Chumrum, and Varunee Premanond. "Residual Stress Measurement for Coated Film on Cold Work Tool Steel." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 1136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.1136.

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This paper aims to evaluate residual stress of coated film on cold work tool steel grade SKD11 (JIS) substrate. Four types of film coating were deposited on hardened SKD11 steel. Mechanical property of film coatings was examined by nano-indentation. The thickness of the films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Residual stress of coated film was investigated by using curvature technique based on the Stoney equation. The results of them were compared and correlated to the bond strength of the films from scratch testing. The influences of residual stress on bond strength of the films were thoroughly discussed in details.

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Majles Ara, M. H., S. Mehrabani, and R. Malekfar. "Phase Conjugation Using Four-Wave Mixing in Fast Green FCF Dye-Doped Gelatin Film." Advances in Nonlinear Optics 2009 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/371974.

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We present optical phase conjugation based on the degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) arrangement in gelatin films doped with acid blue 3 dye (FAST GREEN FCF) using He-Ne laser of total power 50 mW. Various parameters which influence the phase-conjugate (PC) signal during the DFWM process were studied (angle of between the forward pump and the probe beam, transition of gelatin film, reflectivity as a function of forward and backward beam). A maximum phase-conjugate beam reflectivity of about 0.02% has been observed in these dye-doped gelatin films. PACS: 42.65.-k, 42.65.Hw.

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MOHAMAD RASIT, ROSMAWATI, MUHAMAD FAISAL ASHAARI, and SALASIAH HANIN HAMJAH. "The Application of Laswell Communication Model on The Good Message Within Religious Malay Films." Ulum Islamiyyah 33, no. 1 (2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol33no1.273.

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The general public perceives film as the factor that encourages negativity in the behaviour of its audience. However, through the perspective of film studies, the film can serve as the means to convey a good message. However, more in-depth reviews need to be done to attest to its capability in doing so. Therefore, using Laswell Communication Model (1948), this study was carried out to examine the good messages from religious Malay films. This study used qualitative content analysis design. by using purposive sampling, the researcher chose four Malay films as the subjects in this film study. The movies were Maut (Death) (2009), Syurga Cinta (Love Heaven) (2009) and Nur Kasih (The Light of Love) The Movie (2011). The films were watched and analysed by inserting all the facts into content analysis forms - the film meaning evaluation form and theme coding form. Narrative and theme analysis were used to analyse the film text data. Overall, the study found that the Malay religious films examined to discuss the concept of good message. There were four themes from the religious Malays films analysis which were promoting the good messages; the plays of emotions, based on the target group, negative reinforcement style and the good advice. However, not all the film samples highlight the idea of good messages in their purest sense as they are inharmonious with the principle of Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar (encouraging good deeds, forbidding bad acts).

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Balasundraprabhu, Rangasamy, E. V. Monakhov, N. Muthukumarasamy, and B. G. Svensson. "Studies on Nanostructure ITO Thin Films on Silicon Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.365.

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Nanostructure ITO thin films have been deposited on well cleaned glass and silicon substrates using dc magnetron sputtering technique. The ITO films are post annealed in air using a normal heater setup in the temperature range 100 - 400 °C. The ITO film annealed at 300°C exhibited optimum transparency and resistivity values for device applications. The thickness of the ITO thin films is determined using DEKTAK stylus profilometer. The sheet resistance and resistivity of the ITO films were determined using four probe technique. Finally, the optimized nanostructure ITO layers are incorporated on silicon solar cells and the efficiency of the solar cell are found to be in the range 12-14%. Other solar cell parameters such as fill factor(FF), open circuit voltage(Voc),Short circuit current(Isc), series resistance(Rs) and shunt resistance(Rsh) have been determined. The effect of ITO film thickness on silicon solar cells is also observed.

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Chen, Yan, Qijin Chen, and Zhangda Lin. "High efficiency deposition of diamond film by hot filament chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 12 (1996): 2957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0374.

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A new designed reaction chamber with new relative distribution of filament and substrates has been adopted in order to increase the deposition area of diamond films and thus increase the deposition efficiency in conventional hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) systems. The relatively small reaction chamber was cuboid shaped (50 × 25 × 25 mm3) and composed of molybdenum wafers. It was established in the vacuum chamber. A tungsten filament was hung up vertically in the center of the small chamber and parallel to the gas flow path. At the four inner sides of the reaction chamber, four Si(100) substrates (30 × 10 × 0.5 mm3) were installed to grow diamond films. The deposition results indicate that uniform diamond films can be obtained on the four substrates, and the film growth rate is the same at both ends of the substrates. The diamond film growth rate was about 1−2 μm/h, which is similar to those of the conventional HFCVD method. Thus, the deposition area and efficiency can be increased four times in the case without the filament number, gas flow rate, and power consumption.

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Akarvardar, K., S. Cristoloveanu, M. Bawedin, P. Gentil, B. J. Blalock, and D. Flandre. "Thin film fully-depleted SOI four-gate transistors." Solid-State Electronics 51, no. 2 (2007): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2007.01.013.

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Chen, Tao Hsing, and Tzu Yu Liao. "The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Opt-Electric Properties of Ti:GZO Transparent Conducting OxidesThin Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.324.

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This study utilizes radio frequency magnetron sputtering(RF-sputtering) to deposit GZO transparent conductive film and Ti thin film on the same corning glass substrate, then treats GZO/Ti thin film with rapid thermal annealing. The annealing temperature is 300, 500 and 550°C, respectively. Moreover, the effects of process parameters on resistivity and optical properties are investigated. The deposited rate, microstructure, thickness and Optical transmission of Ti:GZO thin film are performed. For example, the thicknesses of films were determined by -step profilometer. The crystalline characteristics of thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Ga and Ti concentration in ZnO film were determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The electrical properties of the Ti:GZO thin films were measured by Four point probe. The optical properties of Ti:GZO thin films were examined using UV–vis spectrophotometer. The results show that the transmittance of Ti:GZO thin film exhibited an excellent transparency in the visible light field. The resistivity of Ti:GZO decrease with increasing annealing temperature.

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Chen, Xiao Bai, Hong Qiu, Ping Wu, and Yue Tian. "Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ni₃₃Fe₆₇ and Ni₂₁Fe₇₉ Films Deposited on SiO₂/Si(100) at 633 K by DC Magnetron Co-Sputtering." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1141.

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180nm-thick Ni33Fe67 and Ni21Fe79 films were deposited on SiO2/Si(100) substrates at 633 K by DC magnetron co-sputtering. Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, a four-point probe technique and an alternating gradient magnetometer. The Ni21Fe79 film has a single bcc structure whereas the Ni33Fe67 film is a fcc-bcc mixed phase. The films grow with granular grains. The grain shape of the Ni21Fe79 film is triangular and rectangular. The Ni33Fe67 film consists of irregular shaped grains and a few large triangular grains. The grain size of the Ni21Fe79 film is larger than that of the Ni33Fe67 film. The resistivities of the Ni21Fe79 and Ni33Fe67 films are 1.82×10-63m and 1.09×10-63m. The saturation magnetization of the Ni21Fe79 and Ni33Fe67 films are 1.09×106 A/m and 1.02×106 A/m. The coercivity of the Ni21Fe79 and Ni33Fe67 films are 2.06×104 A/m and 8.84×103 A/m , respectively.

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Chaloeipote, Gun, and Watcharee Rattanasakulthong. "Morphological and Magnetic Properties of Co_100-xCu_x Film Prepared by RF-Sputtering." Key Engineering Materials 659 (August 2015): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.599.

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Granular Co100-xCux films with different compositions of x = 19, 40, 54, 65 and 76 were deposited on glass substrates using sputter deposition. Co (HCP) and Cu (FCC) phases were observed in all deposited Co-Cu films. Film thickness was increased with increasing Cu-composition. The minimum and maximum values of electrical resistance measured using a four-point probe were observed on the Co24Cu76 and Co46Cu54 films, respectively, which confirmed that the electrical property of the films is a function of the film thickness and composition. The morphological and magnetic properties of all deposited films were clearly dependent on film composition. The AFM result confirmed the dependence of surface morphology and magnetic properties on the film composition because of the difference in the deposition rate between Co and Cu atoms during the sputtering process. The VSM results showed that all films had a ferromagnetic phase when the magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the film plane. All results confirmed that the desired morphological, electrical and magnetic properties of Co-Cu granular film can be achieved by manipulating its chemical composition.

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Xiao, Z. G., G. A. Rozgonyi, C. A. Canovai, and C. M. Osburn. "Partial agglomeration during Co silicide film formation." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 2 (1992): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.0269.

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The agglomeration of Co silicide films formed on Si substrates processed with evaporated Co film thicknesses from 9 to 28 nm was investigated by TEM and four-point-probe resistivity measurements. It was found that the upper portion of a reacting Co or Co silicide film can agglomerate independently from the main body of the silicide layer. This phenomenon is designated partial agglomeration in contrast to whole film agglomeration which generally occurs at higher temperatures. Partial agglomeration appears to develop more extensively for thinner films and poses a serious limitation for the application of thin silicide contact layers for advanced VLSI devices. The formation mechanism of partial agglomeration and the reason for its variation with film thickness are explained on the basis of a previously presented [MRS Proc. Vol. 202, p. 101 (1991)] theoretical model of grain boundary grooving and the onset of islanding in silicide films. Kirkendall voids and phase transformation induced volume changes play an important role in the process.

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Huang, Mei-lin, Sheng-guo Lu, and Wen-qin Du. "Preparation and Characterization of FC Films Coated on PET Substrates by RF Magnetron Sputtering." MATEC Web of Conferences 142 (2018): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814203008.

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Fluorocarbon (FC) films were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plates and PET fabrics respectively by a radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a target. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology, structure and composition of the obtained FC films. The hydrophobicity and uvioresistant properties of the FC film coated fabric were studied. The results show that the FC films were successfully deposited on the PET substrates by a RF magnetron sputtering. The deposited films are made up of four components -CF3, -CF2-, CF- and -C-. The proportions of the four components and surface morphologies of the deposited films vary with the sputtering conditions. Compared with the original fabric samples, the hydrophobicity of the FC film coated fabrics is quite good and improved significantly.

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Wu, Nan Chun, Yi Ben Xia, and Lin Jun Wang. "Formation and Optical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Cluster in Nanocrystalline Diamond Film." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.647.

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With electron assisted chemical vapour deposition technology, some nanocrystalline diamond films have been deposited, which precipitate polycyclic aromatic clusters in the film matrix. Optical properties of the films have been characterized. The results of characteristics show that Raman and photoluminescence spectrum of the films conform to identity of pyrene except for diamond peaks; photoluminescence emission spectrum of the films show stronger emission peaks at 385nm and 470nm. Our results show that purer polycyclic aromatic clusters of four fused sixfold ring, which are the same as pyrene in structure, can form in the nanocrystalline diamond film matrix by bombarding the films with electrons.

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Surini, Silvia, Fungi Gotalia, and Kurnia Sari Setio Putri. "FORMULATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL FILMS USING PREGELATINIZED CASSAVA STARCH PHTHALATE AS A FILM-FORMING POLYMER." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 1 (2018): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.50.

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Objective: This study aimed to compare the characteristics of four buccal films formulated with phthalylated cassava starch and their drug deliverypotentials.Methods: An alternative to conventional (oral) drug administration is to administer drugs in a buccal film; however, the required dosage mustbe dissolved in a film-forming polymer with suitable mechanical and mucoadhesive characteristics. Previous studies have produced excipientsby physically and chemically modifying starch, such as by completely pregelatinization and phthalylation it in an aqueous medium under alkalineconditions (pH 8–10). This produced a pregelatinized cassava starch phthalate (PCSPh) powder with a high degree of substitution (0.0541±0.0019),thus giving it different physical, chemical, and functional characteristics than unphthalated PCS.Results: PCSPh in 4.5% and 6% (w/w) concentrations was used as excipients for producing four formulations of buccal film. One film had themost suitable characteristics, with an ex vivo mucoadhesion time of 57.1±20.3 min, tensile strength of 0.84±0.02 N/mm2, and a more rapid drugrelease profile than two of the other film types produced. Our tests also revealed that the best film tended to not change physically when moistened(percentage moisture absorption was 139% and moisture loss was 65%).Conclusion: Thus, we predict that PCSPh could be adequately formulated to provide mucoadhesive buccal films with an appropriate drug release profile.

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Briam, Carol. "Outsourced: Using a Comedy Film to Teach Intercultural Communication." Business Communication Quarterly 73, no. 4 (2010): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1080569910385567.

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Given that feature films can enhance the teaching of intercultural communication, this article describes in detail how the 2006 comedy film, Outsourced , can be integrated into a course. The article relates the film to four different functions of film and shows how Outsourced can help create an intercultural experience for students, serve as the basis for a case analysis of cross-cultural adjustment, give meaning to cultural concepts, and create powerful metaphorical images to expand classroom discussions to broader issues. Also explored are ways the film can be used in teaching advanced intercultural communication concepts.

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Narang, Upvan, Lawrence Mainwaring, Gina Spath, and Joe Barefoot. "In-vitro Analysis for Microbial Barrier Properties of 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate-Derived Wound Treatment Films." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 7, no. 1 (2003): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347540300700103.

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Background: In recent years, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate monomer has been formulated for various wound care products that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate formulation-based films as barriers to various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Methods: The barrier properties of the cyanoacrylate films prepared by the following two methods were tested: (1) prepolymerized film and (2) in situ polymerized film. The upper surface of films was inoculated such that the microorganisms would have to penetrate the film to colonize the media beneath. Nine different organisms were used. Plates were observed for growth at two, four, and seven days after inoculation. Results: No growth was observed in any test, with the exception of prepolymerized film challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pattern of growth observed suggests that the bacteria colonized the medium by traveling around and not through the film. Conclusions: 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate-based films are excellent microbial barriers.

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Laine, Kimmo. "‘Four Times Love’ and the making of the Nordic welfare state." Journal of Scandinavian Cinema 9, no. 2 (2019): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jsca.9.2.157_1.

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This article focuses on ‘Four Times Love’ (Faustman and Jacobsen, 1951), the first feature film produced by companies from four Nordic countries. As a transauthoral omnibus film, credited to two directors and several independently working scriptwriters, ‘Four Times Love’ has a reputation as an incoherent film. Indeed, the project started with only a relatively vague idea of a Swedish frame story and one protagonist connecting three episodes that take place in Finland, Denmark and Norway. As the script evolved, however, unifying themes central to the Nordic welfare state – concerning, for example, social equality and political neutrality – seem to have gained ground. The aim of this article is to read this film as a manifestation of such complementary ideas and ideals surrounding the then (re-)emerging Nordic welfare state system.

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Vallejo, William, Carlos Diaz-Uribe, and Cesar Quiñones. "Optical and Structural Characterization of Cd-Free Buffer Layers Fabricated by Chemical Bath Deposition." Coatings 11, no. 8 (2021): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080897.

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Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a suitable, inexpensive, and versatile synthesis technique to fabricate different semiconductors under soft conditions. In this study, we deposited Zn(O;OH)S thin films by the CBD method to analyze the effect of the number of thin film layers on structural and optical properties of buffer layers. Thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis transmittance measurements. Furthermore, we simulated a species distribution diagram for Zn(O;OH)S film generation during the deposition process. The optical results showed that the number of layers determined the optical transmittance of buffer layers, and that the transmittance reduced from 90% (with one layer) to 50% (with four layers) at the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The structural characterization indicated that the coatings were polycrystalline (α-ZnS and β-Zn(OH)2 to four layers). Our results suggest that Zn(O;OH)S thin films could be used as buffer layers to replace CdS thin films as an optical window in thin-film solar cells.

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Zhang, Zai Yu, Ma Jia Wu, and Xiu Hua Chen. "Research of CoSiN Film as Diffusion Barrier in ULSI-Cu Metallization." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.130.

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CoSiN film can be used as diffusion barrier layer in ULSI-Cumetallization.CoSiN/Cu/CoSiN/SiO2/Si films are prepared by magnetron sputtering technology. Four-point-probe, SGC-10,Atomic forced microscopy (AFM) are used to detect the resistivity,film thickness and surface morphology. It is investigated the barrier performance of CoSiN film for Cu metallization in sub-45nm technology. The results shows that the resistivity and the components ofCoSiN/Cu/CoSiN/SiO2/Si film do not have the obvious change after being annealing at 550°C in Ar atomosphere, and CoSiN film can keep good barrier performance for Cu line. This multi-film shows good thermal stability .

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Šík, Jan-Marek. "Writing film, writing literature : new Czech translations of four Ingmar Bergman's film short stories." Theatralia, no. 1 (2019): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/ty2019-1-12.

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Zhang, Mei Juan, and Jian Xiong Li. "Preparation of Conducting PEDOT/PI Films by Depositing Polymerization of EDOT in Liquid Phase." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.8.

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PI film was suspended in NaOH, FeCl3and EDOT solutions sequentially. The surfaces of the films were analyzed with ATR-FTIR and the surface resistances were measured in four-probe mode. After immersed in NaOH solution amic acids were introduced to the film surface. The hydrolyzed film exhibited better adsorbing property and was able to adsorb FeCl3in g/m2magnitude. As the film with adsorbed FeCl3was suspended in EDOT solution EDOT deposited on the surface and converted to conducting PEDOT. The resultant film exhibited surface resistance about 105Ω and the characteristic absorption bonds of PEDOT on FTIR spectrum.

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Revathi, R., and R. Karunathan. "Structural, optical and electrical properties of thermal evaporated nano sized In2Te3 thin films." Nanoscale Reports 1, no. 1 (2018): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/nr1813.

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Indium Telluride thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique. Films were annealed at 573K under vacuum for an hour. Both as-deposited and annealed films were used for characterization. The structural parameters were discussed on the basis of annealing effect for a film of thickness 1500 Å. Optical analysis was carried out on films of different thicknesses for both as - deposited and annealed samples. Both the as- deposited and annealed films exhibit direct and allowed transition. Electrical resistivity measurements were made in the temperature range of 303-473 K using Four-probe method. The calculated resistivity value is of the order of 10-6 ohm meter. The activation energy value decreases with increasing film thickness. The negative temperature coefficient indicates the semiconducting nature of the film.

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ZHOU, JICHENG, ZHENG LIU, XUQIANG ZHENG, YOUZHEN LI, and DITIAN LUO. "EFFECT OF N CONTENT ON THE THERMAL STABILITY OF Ta–Si–N THIN FILM BARRIER LAYER." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 30 (2010): 5867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210057420.

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Ta–Si–N thin films and Cu/Ta–Si–N thin films were deposited on p-type Si (111) substrates by magnetron reactive sputtering. Then the films were characterized by four-point probe sheet resistance measurement, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The experimental results show that the sheet resistance of Ta–Si–N thin film increases with N content. And the surface roughness of the thin film first decreases and then increases with N content. By increasing the N content, the diffusion barrier property of Ta–Si–N thin film can be improved; however, this improvement is not evident when N content beyond 56%. The as-deposited Ta–Si thin film is nano-crystalline. When doped with N, the as-deposited thin film becomes amorphous. The crystallization of Ta–Si–N thin film occurs again at high temperature. Cu atoms diffuse through grain boundaries of Ta–Si–N thin film into Si , and this leads to failure of the diffusion barrier.

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Russell, Curtis. "Four Hairsprays, one Baltimore: The city in trans-medial adaptation." Studies in Musical Theatre 12, no. 3 (2018): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/smt.12.3.367_1.

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By comparing John Waters’ 1988 film Hairspray with its adaptations narratologically, previous studies of the film have treated the process of adaptation as a zero-sum game that diminishes the political stakes with each iteration. With this article, I suggest that generic tools such as mise-en-scène and choreography have the capacity to transform discourses instead of merely supplanting them. To better understand the discursive spaces opened up by the trans-medial adaptation process, I read the opening scene of Waters’ film and its three subsequent adaptations as a discourse of the city, following Annette Insdorf’s assertion that a narrative’s first moments reflect significant thematic and aesthetic moves on the part of its creators.

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Li, Tsai Cheng, Rwei Ching Chang, and Y. C. Li. "Characterization of Conductive Thin Films Deposited by Ink Jet Printing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.57.

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With the advantage of simplicity and low cost, ink jet printing has the potential to replace the traditional chemical and physical deposition technology in thin film fabrication. In this work, silver conductive thin films are deposited on glass and polyimide substrates by ink jet printing, where some major characteristics of the printed thin films are investigated and compared to those deposited by sputtering. The micro texture and residual stresses of the thin films are measured with X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Using thin film scratch tester, the adhesion of thin films deposited by both ink jet printing and sputtering is studied. Further observations on electric and optical performance by using visible wavelength photospectrometry, four-point probe, and surface profiler are also discussed. The result shows that the micro texture of the printed thin film behaves as good as the sputtered thin film. Furthermore, the micro scratch result illustrates that the adhesion of the printed thin film is even better than the sputtered thin film. It emphasizes that, after certain baking process, the ink jet printing has the possibility to replace sputtering in thin film deposition, especially for the polymer substrates.

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MacDonald, Scott. "The Filmmaker as Visionary: Excerpts from an Interview with Stan Brakhage." Film Quarterly 56, no. 3 (2003): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2003.56.3.2.

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After providing a brief introduction to Brakhage's prolific career, MacDonald interviews the legendary avant-garde filmmaker about four pivotal films: Anticipation of the Night (1958), the controversial film that established Brakhage's commitment to a new form of cinematic sight and threw the avant-garde film world into an uproar; the four-part Scenes from Under Childhood (1969-1970), one of Brakhage's most elaborate evocations of how the freedom of a baby's vision is lost as the child is acculturated into language; The Loom (1986), Brakhage's requiem for his remarkable marriage with Jane Collum Brakhage; and Commingled Containers(1997), a film made during the first moments of Brakhage's confrontation with bladder cancer. He died on March 9, 2003.

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Veldi, Martti, Simon Bell, and Friedrich Kuhlmann. "Five-year plan in four: kolkhoz propaganda in film and documentaries in Estonia." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196310002.

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In 1951 the first colour film in was produced Soviet Estonia–Valgus Koordis (“Light in Koordi village”). This never-before-seen medium applied effective ideological symbols to visualise the power of collective effort with the scope of difficulties building up the new life in a freshly established collective farm (kolkhoz). It was straightforward propaganda to demonstrate that in spite of difficulties, collective farming was the only correct way to achieve prosperity in the countryside. The theme of the film was to show the goodness of Stalinist improvements in a poor post-war rural community at the end of the 1940s. In a very simple manner, topics such as nationalism, the class struggle, socialist ideology, kulaks, collective ownership, mechanisation of agriculture and large-scale land improvements were presented. To capture the wider audience and to increase social impact, the film also starred the rising opera star Georg Ots, still considered as one of the greatest Estonian opera singers ever. In addition to ideologically charged films, a type of propagandist short documentary, the ringvaade (newsreel) was produced in Soviet Estonia. These concentrated on various aspects ofSoviet lifestyle, aiming to demonstrate the achievements of collectiveideology, and the high morale of the Soviet working class. We studied these and other examples in order to examine the range of themes andmotifs presented in them, focusing on the ideological impact on the rural landscape caused by mechanisation, forest management and land melioration. What is revealed is an attempt to persuade the new kolkhozniki (collective farmers) of the benefits of the new system – which, ironically, had dispossessed many of them of their own farms which they had built up in the inter-war years (and which were restored to them after the collapse of the Soviet system in the 1990s).

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Chen, Wei Ren, Yang Sheng Lin, and Huai Yi Chen. "Characteristics Study of Radio Frequency Sputtered TiO₂ Films on ZnO Nanorods Grown by Hydrothermal Method." Advanced Materials Research 813 (September 2013): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.813.340.

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In this study, we aimed at exploring a layer of radio frequency (RF) sputtered titanium dioxide (TiO2) film on a sputtered ZnO film treated by hydrothermal reaction and then conducted characterization of the film. The main objective was to discuss characteristics of the fabricated TiO2 films under conditions of different annealing temperature, film thickness, and oxygen flow rate. After measurement of four-point probe for the fabricated TiO2 films under the same film thickness or oxygen flow rate, their sheet resistance all became smaller through high-temperature annealing at 500°C, and the thicker the TiO2 film was, the higher the sheet resistance was. Under conditions of fixed TiO2 film thickness and annealing temperature, with increasing oxygen flow rate, the sheet resistances of sample thin films increased initially and then decreased. The sheet resistances became highest at oxygen flow rate of 4 sccm. Results, measured from field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), showed that the structure arrangement of TiO2 nanorods was affected by TiO2 film thickness, oxygen flow rate and annealing temperature. The stacking and blending situations between nanorods became severer for higher oxygen flow rate and annealing temperature above 400°C. In addition, grains formed on film surface apparently spread more outwards as the film became thicker.

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Wada, Tadahiro. "Performance of Titanium-Tungsten-Silicon-Aluminum Based Coated Cutting Tools." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1241.

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In order to determine an effective coating film for cutting carbon steels with a coated cemented carbide tool, tool wear was experimentally investigated. Low carbon steel (AISI 5120H steel) was turned with four kinds of physical vapor deposition (PVD) coated cemented carbide tools. The coating films used were TiN coating film and three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films, namely (Ti,W,Si,Al)N, (Ti,W,Si,Al)C and (Ti,W,Si,Al)(C,N) coating film. (Ti,W,Si,Al)N, (Ti,W,Si,Al)C or (Ti,W,Si,Al)(C,N) is a new type of coating film. The following results were obtained: (1) The critical load of three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films was higher than that of TiN coating film. (2) The hardness of three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films was higher than that of TiN coating film. (3) In cutting low carbon steel, the wear progress of three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating film tools was slower than that of the TiN coated tool. (4) In the three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films, the wear progress of the (Ti,W,Si,Al)N coated tool was the slowest.

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Mattos, Hebe, Martha Abreu, and Isabel Castro. "History, Memory of Slavery and Research Film in Brazil." Journal of Global Slavery 5, no. 1 (2020): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00501007.

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Abstract This article examines the experience of making a set of four research films that collectively comprise the “Present Past” collection (http://www.labhoi.uff.br/passadospresentes/en/filmes_passados.php). The films were developed based on the oral history project “Memories of Slavery” (1995–2005) and the subsequent visual oral history project “Present Pasts” from 2005 to 2012, conducted at the Laboratory of Oral History and Image of Federal Fluminense University in Brazil (LABHOI/UFF). The article analyzes the process of creating each film, discussing the relationships between history, memory, and politics, and considering the contributions that film as a medium brings to historical research.

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Halin, Dewi Suriyani Che, Haiza Haroon, Ibrahim Abu Talib, Abdul Razak Daud, and Muhammad Azmi Abd Hamid. "Preparation of Photoelectrochemical Cell of ITO/Cu₂O/PVC-LiClO₄/Graphite Using Cu₂O Films as an Active Layer." Advanced Materials Research 895 (February 2014): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.895.526.

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Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films were successfully grown on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by sol-gel spin coating using diethanolamine (DEA) as a solubility agent. The films were annealed at 350 °C in 5% H2 + 95% N2 atmosphere. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Based on the SEM micrograph of the as obtained film, the film shows better coverage with the four sided pyramidal shape grain size of 108 nm. The prepared Cu2O thin film was used as an active electrode for photoelectrochemical cell of ITO/Cu2O/PVC-LiClO4/graphite. The photovoltaic cell was tested using current-voltage characteristic under light illumination of 100 mW/cm2.

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43

Leicester, H. Marshall. "Discourse and the film text: Four readings of Carmen." Cambridge Opera Journal 6, no. 3 (1994): 245–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586700004328.

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‘Quoi du reste’, to paraphrase Derrida on Hegel in Glas, ‘ici, maintenant, d'une Carmen?’ What's left of Carmen here and now? Aside from its intrinsic interest, the question seems worth asking in light of a bias that recent treatments of opera – particularly those influenced by poststrucuralist theory – seem to betray. The most prominent, Catherine Clément's Opera, or The Undoing of Women, Michel Poizat's The Angel's Cry and Jeremy Tambling's Opera, Ideology, and Film, regard opera as an institution rather than as a body of texts. Each of the authors, to my mind at least, allows a prior structure or structures – the systemic presence of male domination and its construction of women in society, a quasi-Lacanian understanding of unconscious fantasy, the bourgeois construction of operatic experience – to constrain what operas, and opera, can mean. They thus produce what are in effect reception studies or analyses of the audience, which is perhaps why they operate at some distance from the detail of the texts, musical or verbal, of the operas they analyse.

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Ingram, David. "FOUR RECENT BOOKS ON ECOCRITICISM AND FILM AND TELEVISION." Green Letters 10, no. 1 (2009): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14688417.2009.10589046.

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Jacka, Elizabeth, and Noel King. "Review & Booknote: Film on Four: A Survey 1982." Media Information Australia 74, no. 1 (1994): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9407400129.

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Yuan, Chang Kun. "Preparation of ZnO:Zr Thin Films by Sputtering Zn:Zr Targets." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.331.

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Transparent conductive ZnO:Zr thin films with different thicknesses were fabricated on glass slides by DC reactive magnetron sputtering from Zn:Zr targets consisting of Zn disk and Zr metallic chips in Ar+O2mixture gas. X-ray diffraction, four-point probe measurements, UV–vis spectrophotometers and thin film thickness tester were employed to characterize the structure, electrical and optical properties of ZnO:Zr films, respectively. The experimental investigations indicate that film thickness has an important effect on the crystal structure, optical and electrical properties of the deposited films.

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Jiang, Hongchuan, Xiaoyu Tian, Xinwu Deng, et al. "Low Concentration Response Hydrogen Sensors Based on Wheatstone Bridge." Sensors 19, no. 5 (2019): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051096.

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The PdNi film hydrogen sensors with Wheatstone bridge structure were designed and fabricated with the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. The integrated sensors consisted of four PdNi alloy film resistors. The internal two were shielded with silicon nitride film and used as reference resistors, while the others were used for hydrogen sensing. The PdNi alloy films and SiN films were deposited by magnetron sputtering. The morphology and microstructure of the PdNi films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD). For efficient data acquisition, the output signal was converted from resistance to voltage. Hydrogen (H2) sensing properties of PdNi film hydrogen sensors with Wheatstone bridge structure were investigated under different temperatures (30 °C, 50 °C and 70 °C) and H2 concentrations (from 10 ppm to 0.4%). The hydrogen sensor demonstrated distinct response at different hydrogen concentrations and high repeatability in cycle testing under 0.4% H2 concentration. Towards 10 ppm hydrogen, the PdNi film hydrogen sensor had evident and collectable output voltage of 600 μV.

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Valaiauksornlikit, Mano, Worawarong Rakreungdet, Mati Horprathum, Pitak Eiamchai, Viyapol Patthanasettakul, and Pongpan Chindaudom. "Effect of Thickness on Microstructure, Electrical and Optical Properties of Zirconium Nitride Thin Film Prepared by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Room Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.217.

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Zirconium Nitride (ZrN) thin films were prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering without an external substrate heating on silicon (100) wafer and glass slide. The as-deposited films obtained from different conditions and various films thickness was investigated for physical, optical and electrical properties. First, the microstructure and film morphology were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The optical transparency was measured by UV-vis spectrophotometer. Finally, the electrical properties, based on measured resistivity, were studied by four-point probe. The result showed that the ZrN films were all well orientated in the (111) plane. When the film thickness was increased, the grain size was also increased. The effect of the film thickness was observed in the charge in colors and optical transmission of the films.

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Alias@Yusof, Hamizah Nadia, Hasiah Salleh, and Mohd Ikmar Nizam Mohamad Isa. "Thickness Dependent on Energy Band Gap and Electrical Conductivity of Undoped Conjugated Polymer Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.620.

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Conjugated polymers have been widely used for electronic purpose applications due to their numerous advantages. This has led many researches to pay their major attention in studying on characteristics of conjugated polymer thin films. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of undoped conjugated polymer thin films on their optical and electrical properties. Poly(3-thiophene acetic acid), Polypyrrole and Polythiophene thin film was fabricated on ITO glass substrate by using EIS. Film thickness, energy band gap and electrical conductivity of thin films were characterized by using profilometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrometer and four point probe method respectively. The thickness of each thin film varied between 50.534 nm to 97.03 nm. The result has shown that thicker film has lower energy band gap compared to the thinner one. However the electrical conductivity showed an opposite behavior.

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Ardila, J. A. Garrido. "Don Quixote in Film (2005-2015)." Open Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (2017): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2017-0018.

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Abstract This article is a first approximation to the analysis of Quixote films released between 2005 and 2015. The analysis of these 68 productions shows a widespread international interest in Don Quixote across more than 20 countries in three continents, with the US as the powerhouse of Quixote films with 22 pictures, followed by Spain with seventeen. This analysis observes four categories of Quixote films-adaptations, sequels, imitations, and documentaries. The nine adaptations abridge the plot of Cervantes’s novel. The 16 sequels tell of Don Quixote’s new adventures outwith Cervantes’s novel or include Don Quixote as a supporting character. The 35 imitations deploy the Quixotic myth, where a Quixotic protagonist is a dreamer in search of an ideal, a loner in a hostile society, or a character deployed to parody a film genre or a social trend. This classification reveals the tendencies in today’s use of Cervantes’s hero on film. Furthermore, the variety and the quantity of Quixote films confirm them as a well-established film genre and are a testament to Don Quixote’s status as an international cultural icon known and loved worldwide.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Film Four'

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