Journal articles: 'Film nanostructures'

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Gnawali, Guna Nidha, Shankar P. Shrestha, Khem N. Poudyal, Indra B. Karki, and Ishwar Koirala. "Study on the effect of growth-time and seed-layers of Zinc Oxide nanostructured thin film prepared by the hydrothermal method for liquefied petroleum gas sensor application." BIBECHANA 16 (November 22, 2018): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v16i0.21557.

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Gas sensors are devices that can convert the concentration of an analytic gas into an electronic signal. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an important n-type metal oxide semiconductor which has been utilized as gas sensor for several decades. In this work, ZnO nanostructured films were synthesized by a hydrothermal route from ZnO seeds and used as a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor. At first ZnO seed layers were deposited on glass substrates by using spin coating method, then ZnO nanostructured were grown on these substrates by using hydrothermal growth method for different time duration. The effect of growth time and seed layers of ZnO nanostructured on its structural, optical, and electrical properties was studied. These nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, and four probes sheet resistance measurement unit. The sensing performances of the synthetic ZnO nanostructures were investigated for LPG.XRD showed that all the ZnO nanostructures were hexagonal crystal structure with preferential orientation. SEM reviled that the size of nanostructure increased with increase in growth time. Band gap and sheet resistance for ZnO nanostructured thin film decreased with increase in growth time. ZnO nanostructured thin film showed high sensitivity towards LPG gas. The sensitivity of the film is observed to increase with increase in no of seed layers as well as growth time. The dependence of the LPG sensing properties on the different growth time of ZnO nanostructured was investigated. The sensing performances of the film were investigated by measured change in sheet resistance under expose to LPG gas. BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 145-153

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Yoon, Sang-Hyeok, and Kyo-Seon Kim. "Preparation of 1-D Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Wire Mesh by Flame Vapor Deposition Process." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17552.

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Flame vapor deposition (FVD) process can be used to prepare the tungsten oxide thin film which has photocatalytic activity at visible light. The FVD process is fast and economical to prepare thin film on substrate comparing to other processes. Various nanostructured thin films could be easily prepared by controlling several process parameters in FVD. One-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures with high surface area also can be prepared reproducibly. The tungsten wire precursor was oxidized and vaporized in flame to be deposited onto the substrate. The nanostructure shapes can be adjusted by controlling nucleation and growth rates of tungsten oxide vapor on substrate. In this study, nanostructured tungsten oxide thin film was fabricated on stainless steel mesh by FVD process changing the process variables of FVD. We found that proper selection of suitable process conditions in FVD was quite important for the 1-D nanostructure growth on stainless steel wire mesh with high surface area, which is quite important for photocatalytic application.

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Wang, Ying, and Guo Zhong Cao. "Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of V₂O₅ Nanostructures." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2134.

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In this seminar, I will present our recent work on the growth and electrochemical properties of single crystalline vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanorod and Ni-V2O5·nH2O nanocable arrays. These nanostructures were prepared by solution synthesis and template-based electrodeposition. Processing, morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of these nanostructures will be discussed. These nanostructured electrodes of vanadium pentoxide demonstrate significantly enhanced intercalation capcity and charge/discharge rate compared to the plain film electrodes, due to the high surface area and short diffusion distance offered by nanostructure.

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Gyanwali, Gunanidhi. "Studying the Effect of Seed-layers of Zinc Oxide Nanostructured Thin Film for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Sensor Application." Molung Educational Frontier 10 (December 31, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v10i0.34056.

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Gas sensors are devices that can convert the concentration of an analyte gas into an electronic signal. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most important n-type metal oxide semiconductor which has been utilized as gas sensor for many years. In this work, ZnO nanostructured films were synthesized by a hydrothermal growth from ZnO seeds and used as a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor. At first ZnO seed layers were deposited on glass substrates by using spin coating method, then ZnO nanostructured were grown on these substrates by using hydrothermal growth method. The effect of seed layers of ZnO nanostructured on its structural, optical, and electrical properties was studied. These nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy, and sheet resistance measurement unit. The sensing performances of the synthetic ZnO nanostructures were investigated for LPG. XRD showed that all the ZnO nanostructures were hexagonal crystal structure. ZnO nanostructured thin film showed high sensitivity towards LPG gas. The sensitivity of the film is observed to increase with increase in number of seed layers. The sensitivity of the film was investigated by measured change in sheet resistance under with LPG gas.

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Alhalaili, Badriyah, Ahmad Al-Duweesh, Ileana Nicoleta Popescu, Ruxandra Vidu, Luige Vladareanu, and M. Saif Islam. "Improvement of Schottky Contacts of Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) Nanowires for UV Applications." Sensors 22, no. 5 (March 6, 2022): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22052048.

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Interest in the synthesis and fabrication of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanostructures as wide bandgap semiconductor-based ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors has recently increased due to their importance in cases of deep-UV photodetectors operating in high power/temperature conditions. Due to their unique properties, i.e., higher surface-to-volume ratio and quantum effects, these nanostructures can significantly enhance the sensitivity of detection. In this work, two Ga2O3 nanostructured films with different nanowire densities and sizes obtained by thermal oxidation of Ga on quartz, in the presence and absence of Ag catalyst, were investigated. The electrical properties influenced by the density of Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs) were analyzed to define the configuration of UV detection. The electrical measurements were performed on two different electric contacts and were located at distances of 1 and 3 mm. Factors affecting the detection performance of Ga2O3 NWs film, such as the distance between metal contacts (1 and 3 mm apart), voltages (5–20 V) and transient photocurrents were discussed in relation to the composition and nanostructure of the Ga2O3 NWs film.

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Wallace, Steaphan M., Thiyagu Subramani, Wipakorn Jevasuwan, and Naoki Fukata. "Conversion of Amorphous Carbon on Silicon Nanostructures into Similar Shaped Semi-Crystalline Graphene Sheets." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 4949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19329.

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Graphene sheets displaying partial crystallinity and nanowire structures were formed on a silicon substrate with silicon nanowires by utilizing an amorphous carbon source. The carbon source was deposited onto the silicon nanostructured substrate by breaking down a polymer precursor and was crystallized by a nickel catalyst during relatively low temperature inert gas annealing. The resulting free-standing graphene-based material can remain on the substrate surface after catalyst removal or can be removed as a separate film. The film is flexible, continuous, and closely mimics the silicon nanostructure. This follows research on similar solid carbon precursor derived semi-crystalline graphene synthesis procedures and applies it to complex silicon nanostructures. This work examined the progression of the carbon, finding that it migrates through the thin film catalyst and forms the graphene only on the other side, and that the process can successfully be used to form 3D shaped graphene films. Semi-crystalline graphene has the possible application of being flexible transparent electrodes, and the 3D shaping opens the possibility of more complex configurations and applications.

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LYUKSYUTOV, I. F. "CONTROLLING SUPERCONDUCTIVITY WITH MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 15 (June 4, 2013): 1362004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921362004x.

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We discuss different possibilities to control vortex motion in a thin superconducting film with Tesla range magnetic fields generated by magnetic nanostructures. These nanostructures can be embedded into the superconducting film (arrays of magnetic nanorods) or placed outside the film and separated from it with an insulating layer (arrays of magnetic nanostripes). Interaction of the superconducting film with the magnetic nanostructure results in a strong increase and hysteresis of the critical current, in a strong anisotropy of the critical current (in the case of magnetic nanostripes) and several other phenomena. It is feasible to fabricate systems where the magnetic field from the nanostructures changes sign on the scale of the coherence length. We discuss possible new phenomena in such systems and its implementations.

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Raksa, Phathaitep, A. Gardchareon, N. Mangkorntong, and Supab Choopun. "CuO Nanostructure by Oxidization of Copper Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.645.

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CuO nanostructures were synthesized by oxidizing copper thin films. The copper thin film was grown on alumina substrates by evaporation copper powder at pressure of 0.04 mtorr. The copper thin films were then oxidized 800, and 900oC for 12, 24 and 48 hr, respectively. The obtained CuO nanostructures were investigated by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) image, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The diameter of CuO nanostructure is around 100-600 nanometers and it is depends on oxidation reaction time and temperature. These CuO nanostructures have a potential application for nanodevices such as nano gas sensor or dye-sensitized solar cells.

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Li, Xiaoni, Zhijie Li, Wanting He, Haolin Chen, Xiufeng Tang, Yeqing Chen, and Yu Chen. "Enhanced Electrochromic Properties of Nanostructured WO3 Film by Combination of Chemical and Physical Methods." Coatings 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080959.

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WO3 films are the most widely used electrochromic functional layers. It is known that WO3 films prepared by pure chemical method generally possess novel nanostructures, but the adhesion between WO3 films and substrates is weak. However, WO3 films prepared by pure physical method usually show relatively dense morphology, which limits their electrochromic properties. In order to break through these bottlenecks and further improve their electrochromic properties, this work first prepared nanostructured WO3 powder by chemical method, and then using this powder as the evaporation source, nanostructured WO3 films were fabricated by vacuum thermal evaporation method. Properties of nanostructured WO3 films were systematically compared with those of ordinary WO3 films. It turned out that the nanostructured WO3 film exhibited better cyclic stability and memory effect, and also the optical modulation rate was 14% higher than that of the ordinary WO3 film. More importantly, the nanostructured WO3 film showed better adhesion with the ITO substrates. These results demonstrate that a combination of chemical and physical methods is an effective preparation method to improve the electrochromic properties of WO3 films.

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Cho, Eunmi, Mac Kim, Jin-Seong Park, and Sang-Jin Lee. "Plasma-Polymer-Fluorocarbon Thin Film Coated Nanostructured-Polyethylene Terephthalate Surface with Highly Durable Superhydrophobic and Antireflective Properties." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051026.

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Herein, an antireflection and superhydrophobic film was obtained by uniformly forming nanostructures on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate using oxygen plasma without a pattern mask and coating plasma-polymer-fluorocarbon (PPFC) on the nanostructured surface by mid-range frequency sputtering. PPFC/nanostructured-PET showed a reflectance of 4.2%, which is 56% lower than that of the PET film. Haze was also improved. Nanostructured-PET exhibited a superhydrophilic surface due to plasma deformation and a superhydrophobic surface could be realized by coating PPFC on the nanostructured surface. The PPFC coating prevented the aging of polymer film nanostructures and showed excellent durability in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. It exhibited excellent flexibility to maintain the superhydrophobic surface, even at a mechanical bending radius of 1 mm, and could retain its properties even after repeated bending for 10,000 times.

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Mamat, Mohamad Hafiz, Zuraida Khusaimi, and Mohamad Mahmood Rusop. "Growth of Multi-Shaped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Using C-Axis Oriented Zinc Oxide Thin Film as a Seeded Catalyst via Hydrothermal Aqueous Chemical Growth Method." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 1126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.1126.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures with different kind of morphologies were synthesized on glass substrates via the hydrothermal aqueous chemical growth method utilizing c-axis oriented ZnO thin film as seeded catalyst. By preparing ZnO thin film at different molar concentrations between 0.2~1.0 M, oval shaped ZnO nanostructures mixed with ZnO nanowires and rod shaped ZnO nanostructures mixed with ZnO nanowires were produced after immersion process into 0.0002 M zinc nitrate solution for 24 hour. The XRD spectra show synthesized ZnO nanostructures were ZnO hexagonal wurtzite crystalline. The photoluminescence (PL) measurement indicates the luminescences of the samples were depending on the shapes of ZnO nanostructure.

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12

Jung, Sungwook, I. O. Parm, Kyung Soo Jang, Dae-Ho Park, Byeong-Hyeok Sohn, Jin Chul Jung, Wang Cheol Zin, Suk-Ho Choi, S. K. Dhungel, and J. Yi. "Fabrication of Nanostructure and Formation of Nanocrystal for Non-Volatile Memory." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.075.

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In this work, we have demonstrated that the nanocrystal created by combining the self-assembled block copolymer thin film with regular semiconductor processing can be applicable to non-volatile memory device with increased charge storage capacity over planar structures. Self-assembled block copolymer thin film for nanostructures with critical dimensions below photolithographic resolution limits has been used during all experiments. Nanoporous thin film from PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymer thin film with selective removal of PMMA domains was used to fabricate nanostructure and nanocrystal. We have also reported about surface morphologies and electrical properties of the nano-needle structure formed by RIE technique. The details of nanoscale pattern of the very uniform arrays using RIE are presented. We fabricated different surface structure of nanoscale using block copolymer. We also deposited Si-rich SiNx layer using ICP-CVD on the silicon surface of nanostructure. The deposited films were studied after annealing. PL studies demonstrated nanocrystal in Si-rich SiNx film on nanostructure of silicon.

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Gutu, Timothy, Debra K. Gale, Clayton Jeffryes, Wei Wang, Chih-hung Chang, Gregory L. Rorrer, and Jun Jiao. "Electron Microscopy and Optical Characterization of Cadmium Sulphide Nanocrystals Deposited on the Patterned Surface of Diatom Biosilica." Journal of Nanomaterials 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/860536.

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Intricately patterned biosilica obtained from the shell of unicellular algae called diatoms serve as novel templates for fabrication of optoelectronic nanostructures. In this study, the surface of diatom frustules that possessed hierarchical architecture ordered at the micro and nanoscale was coated with a nanostructured polycrystalline cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin film using a chemical bath deposition technique. The CdS thin film was composed of spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of about 75 nm. The CdS nanoparticle thin film imparted new photoluminescent properties to the intricately patterned diatom nanostructure. The imparted photoluminescent properties were dependent on the CdS coverage onto the frustules surface. The intrinsic photoluminescent properties of the frustules were strongly quenched by the deposited CdS. The origin of PL spectra was discussed on the basis of the band theory and native defects.

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Zheng, Yiran, Min Li, Xiaoyan Wen, Ho-Pui Ho, and Haifei Lu. "Nanostructured ZnO/Ag Film Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering Method for Fast Response of Ammonia Gas Detection." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 20, 2020): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081899.

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Possessing a large surface-to-volume ratio is significant to the sensitive gas detection of semiconductor nanostructures. Here, we propose a fast-response ammonia gas sensor based on porous nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) film, which is fabricated through physical vapor deposition and subsequent thermal annealing. In general, an extremely thin silver (Ag) layer (1, 3, 5 nm) and a 100 nm ZnO film are sequentially deposited on the SiO2/Si substrate by a magnetron sputtering method. The porous nanostructure of ZnO film is formed after thermal annealing contributed by the diffusion of Ag among ZnO crystal grains and the expansion of the ZnO film. Different thicknesses of the Ag layer help the formation of different sizes and quantities of hollows uniformly distributed in the ZnO film, which is demonstrated to hold superior gas sensing abilities than the compact ZnO film. The responses of the different porous ZnO films were also investigated in the ammonia concentration range of 10 to 300 ppm. Experimental results demonstrate that the ZnO/Ag(3 nm) sensor possesses a good electrical resistance variation of 85.74% after exposing the sample to 300 ppm ammonia gas for 310 s. Interestingly, a fast response of 61.18% in 60 s for 300 ppm ammonia gas has been achieved from the ZnO/Ag(5 nm) sensor, which costs only 6 s for the response increase to 10%. Therefore, this controllable, porous, nanostructured ZnO film maintaining a sensitive gas response, fabricated by the physical deposition approach, will be of great interest to the gas-sensing community.

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Raza, Muhammad Akram, Anam Habib, Zakia Kanwal, Syed Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Javaid Iqbal, Murtaza Saleem, Saira Riaz, and Shahzad Naseem. "Optical CO2 Gas Sensing Based on TiO2 Thin Films of Diverse Thickness Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (July 19, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2780203.

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The fabrication, characterization, and CO2 gas detection performance of single component-based and hetero-nanostructure-based optical gas sensors are reported in the present work. Single component-based structures include (i) TiO2 thin films with varied film thickness (37.45 nm, 51.92 nm, and 99.55 nm) fabricated via the RF sputtering system for different deposition times and (ii) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) deposited on the glass substrate by the wet chemical method. Hetero-nanostructures were achieved by decorating the AgNPs on the predeposited TiO2 thin films. The structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of prepared samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ellipsometry, respectively. XRD analysis of AgNPs confirmed the crystalline nature of prepared particles with average crystallite size of 21 nm, however, in the case of TiO2 films XRD results suggested amorphous structure of all as-deposited films. size 21 nm. The SEM micrographs confirmed the deposition of AgNPs on the TiO2 thin films. With increasing sputtering time, TiO2 films were found to be denser and more compact, indicating a reduced porosity and higher film thickness. CO2 gas-sensing properties were investigated by measuring the optical transmission spectra in alone air and in CO2 gaseous atmosphere at room temperature. It was observed that neither TiO2 thin films even with higher thickness nor alone AgNPs could demonstrate any substantial gas-sensing activity. Nevertheless, TiO2/AgNP hetero-nanostructured substrates exhibited excellent CO2 gas-sensing performance as indicated by a huge change in the transmission spectra. The enhanced sensing efficiency of TiO2/AgNP nanostructures owing to synergistic effects suggests a promising role of our manufactured sensors in practical applications.

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Wang, Guilin, Ronghua Yi, Xueting Zhai, Renji Bian, Yongqian Gao, Dongyu Cai, Juqing Liu, et al. "A flexible SERS-active film for studying the effect of non-metallic nanostructures on Raman enhancement." Nanoscale 10, no. 35 (2018): 16895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr04971h.

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Bahari, Ali, Masoud Ebrahimzadeh, and Reza Gholipur. "Structural and electrical properties of zirconium doped yttrium oxide nanostructures." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 16 (May 13, 2014): 1450102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214501021.

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A synthetic process for the formation of Zr x Y 1-x O y nanostructures is demonstrated by the reaction of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate with zirconium propoxide. The reactions are carried out at temperature 60°C and pressure 0.1 MPa. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy measurements confirm formation of Zr x Y 1-x O y nanostructures and the presence of carbonate and hydroxide species which are removed after high temperature anneals. It was found that the oxygen pressure during synthesis plays a determinant role on the structural properties of the nanostructure. This effect is further studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and scanning electron microscope (SEM), which showed the formation of an isotopically organized structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement reveals that these changes in the nanostructural efficiency are associated with structural and compositional changes among the substrate. The dielectric constant as measured by the capacitance–voltage (C–V) technique is estimated to be around 39.05. C–V measurements taken at 1 MHz show the maximum capacitance for the Zr 0.05 Y 0.95 O y film. The leakage current densities were below 10-5 A/cm2 for the Zr 0.05 Y 0.95 O y film.

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Kamarozaman, Nur Syahirah, Mohd Nor Asiah, Z. Aznilinda, R. A. Bakar, W. F. H. Abdullah, S. H. Herman, and M. Rusop. "Memristive Behavior of TiO₂ Nanostructures Grown at Different Substrate Positioning by Immersion Method." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.256.

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In this paper, the physical characteristics and memristive behavior of TiO2 nanostructures grown at different substrate positioning by wet chemical solution were investigated. TiO2 thin film as a seed layer for TiO2 nanostructures growth was first deposited on ITO-coated substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method. TiO2 nanostructures were then grown by immersing the TiO2 thin film/ITO/glass sample in 10M NaOH solution at 80 °C while studying the effect of the substrate position to the nanostructure growth and thus its memristive behavior. Characterization on the growth morphology of TiO2 nanostructures was observed using scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The current-voltage (I-V) measurement of the device was investigated for its memristive behavior. Different growth morphology of TiO2 nanostructures was observed at different substrate positioning. It was found that sample immersed with TiO2 layer facing down the vessel result in the formation of TiO2 nanowires and exhibit better memristive behavior.

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Ali, Sahar Mohammed, Osama Abdul Azeez Dakhil, and Emad Hameed Hussein. "Comparison Between Photoactivity of ZnO/NiO Nanostructures Synthesized by CBD and Modified -CBD for Rhodamine B Removal." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 32, no. 4 (November 20, 2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v32i4.1050.

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This work describes a comparative study on zinc oxide/nickel oxide (ZnO/NiO) nanostructures deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath and modified bath, (CBD), and (M-CBD) techniques. The photoactivity of ZnO/NiO nanostructure films was tested on Rhodamine B (RB) dye under sunlight. The nanostructure films were evaluated using various characterization tools. Accordingly, the field-emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) images confirm that the film synthesized by CBD was flower-like nanosheets with a thickness of 37.96 - 51.36 nm. In contrast, the M-CBD film showed spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of 35.73 - 49.12 nm and nanosheets of a thickness of 42.43 nm. However, both films were then subject to sunlight for 150 min. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the CBD and M-CBD films were calculated to be 76 % and 92 %, respectively. It is thus concluded that enhancing the photocatalytic degradation for the removal of RB is demonstrated by modifying the classical CBD technique.

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Tran, Thanh Binh, Quoc Vuong Luyen, Van Han Hoang, Van Cuong Giap, Thi Quynh Hoa Nguyen, Van Dan Bui, Thi Hien Hoang, and Van Tuan Chu. "Study on the gas sensor at room temperature based on polypyrrole materials." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64, no. 3 (March 25, 2022): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.64(3).50-54.

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This paper presents the results of synthesising polypyrrole (PPy) modified Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) with nanostructures oriented to applications for NH3 gas sensors operating at room temperature. The outcomes of surface morphology and chemical composition structure analysis of PPy film were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The products were obtained by electrochemical method with the nanostructured PPy film, the conductivity of the PPy film depends on the concentration of DBSA denaturant. The experimental results showed that these PPy films have a great potential application as a new sensitive layer for gas sensors.

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KSAPABUTR, BUSSARIN, WORRASIT THONG-OUN, and MANOP PANAPOY. "MORPHOLOGY OF NANOSTRUCTURED TiO2 THIN FILM: SYNTHESIS BY ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE AND ITS PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY." Functional Materials Letters 02, no. 04 (December 2009): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604709000776.

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Titanium dioxide ( TiO2 ) thin films with different morphologies were synthesized on glass substrate using an electrostatic spray deposition method. Rod, flake and spherical-like nanostructures of TiO2 porous films with anatase phase could easily be obtained by tailoring the precursor solution concentration for atomization. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution was used as a probe to evaluate their photocatalytic activities. The rod-like nanostructured film produced higher photocatalytic activity than other films. The deposition of thin film photocatalyst on the substrate could not only solve the problem of separation and recovery of catalyst particles from the reaction medium, but also provide high photocatalytic activity even at a low catalyst loading of 0.057 g/l.

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Yoon, Sang-Hyeok, and Kyo-Seon Kim. "Doping Mo on Tungsten Oxide Thin Film and Photoelectrochemical Measurement." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 4813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19256.

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Tungsten oxide (WO3) is semiconductor material which can be used for various applications. Especially, one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructured WO3 shows the high photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance due to high surface area and short transport route of electron–hole pair. The flame vapor deposition (FVD) process is an efficient and economical method for preparation of the 1-D nanos-tructured WO3 thin film. Molybdenum doping is a well-known method to improve the PEC performance of WO3 by reducing band gap and increasing electrical property. In this study, we prepared the 1-D WO3 nanostructures doped with Mo by FVD single step process. We confirmed that Mo was successfully doped on WO3 without changing significantly the original nanostructure, crystal structure and chemical bonding state of WO3 thin film. As a result of PEC measurement, the pho-tocurrent densities of WO3 thin film with Mo doping were higher by about 1.4 to 2 times (for applied voltage above 0.7 V vs. SCE) than those without Mo doping.

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Kamarozaman, Nur Syahirah, Mohd Nor Asiah, Z. Aznilinda, Raudah Abu Bakar, Sukreen Hana Herman, and M. Rusop. "Effect of TiO₂ Seed Layer Thickness to the Growth of TiO₂ Nanostructures by Immersion Method for Memristive Device Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.63.

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TiO2 nanostructures were successfully grown on TiO2 thin film by solution-based method at low temperature. TiO2 thin film as a seed layer for the nanostructures growth was deposited on ITO substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method at 40 and 60 nm thicknesses. Then the TiO2 nanostructures were synthesized on the samples by keeping them floating with TiO2 layer facing down the vessel in 10M NaOH solution at 80°C for 45 min. Effect of seed layer thickness to the growth of TiO2 nanostructure and its memristive behaviour were investigated. Surface morphology and current-voltage measurement for its memristive behaviour were measured by FESEM image and Keithley 4200 semiconductor characterization system. It was found that 60 nm-TiO2 thin film result in the formation of dandelion-like morphology of TiO2 nanowires and gives better memristive behavior with larger switching loops when positive voltage was applied to the sample.

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Liu, Sheng Jun. "The Plasmonic Nanostructures Applied in the Photovoltaic Cell." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.186.

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Plasmonic, including of located surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP), is a special kind of electromagnetic mode in nanometer scale. Plasmonic nanostructures can be generated to improving the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices. In the paper, the concepts of plasmonic and their influences by different metal nanostructure were introduced. Then the different principles of light utilization of plasmonic nanostructure in thin film photovoltaic cell was analyzed.

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Dong, Bing Hui, Chen Zhang, Zafer Alajmi, Ke Yong Wang, and Tao Fu. "Sol-Gel Derived TiO₂ Coating on Hydrothermally Roughened NiTi Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.830.

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Nearly equiatomic NiTi alloy is hydrothermally treated in a urea solution at 150°C to form nanostructures at the surface, with the aim to improve the structural quality of sol-gel deposited TiO2 film. Nanosheets film of ammonium titanate is formed on NiTi alloy after 8 h hydrothermal treatment, and the sol-gel TiO2 film on it is smooth and crack-free. Anatase TiO2 films consisting of nanoparticles and granular deposits are formed on the NiTi samples hydrothermally treated for 16 h and 24 h. The subsequently deposited TiO2 films have short cracks, because the nanostructured films can not completely balance volume shrinkage of the gel film during the drying and heat treatment processes. Water contact angles of the duplex treated NiTi samples increase during ageing in air, but are all reduced to below 10 after 2 h UV irradiation treatment. Potentiodynamic polarization tests in 0.9% NaCl solution indicate that the duplex treated NiTi samples have much better corrosion resistance than the polished one.

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Łapiński, Marcin, Jakub Czubek, Katarzyna Drozdowska, Anna Synak, Wojciech Sadowski, and Barbara Kościelska. "Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (November 22, 2021): 1271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.94.

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In this work we study the luminescence properties of europium-doped titanium dioxide and tellurium oxide thin films enhanced by gold plasmonic nanostructures. We propose a new type of plasmon structure with an ultrathin dielectric film between plasmonic platform and luminescent material. Plasmonic platforms were manufactured through thermal annealing of the gold thin film. Thermal dewetting of gold film results in spherical gold nanostructures with average dimensions of 50 nm. Both, luminescent TiO2:Eu and TeO2:Eu films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering from mosaic targets. The morphology of the gold nanostructures was investigated by SEM and TEM, while the composition of oxides film was analyzed by XPS. Luminescence properties were studied on the basis of excitation and emission spectra. The experiments show that the additional dielectric layer enhances the luminescence intensity. Such structures could be potential candidates as phosphors in white LEDs.

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Yap, Seong Shan, Chen Hon Nee, Seong Ling Yap, and Teck Yong Tou. "Nanostructured Diamond-Like Carbon Films Grown by Off-Axis Pulsed Laser Deposition." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/731306.

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Nanostructured diamond-like carbon (DLC) films instead of the ultrasmooth film were obtained by pulsed laser ablation of pyrolytic graphite. Deposition was performed at room temperature in vacuum with substrates placed at off-axis position. The configuration utilized high density plasma plume arriving at low effective angle for the formation of nanostructured DLC. Nanostructures with maximum size of 50 nm were deposited as compared to the ultrasmooth DLC films obtained in a conventional deposition. The Raman spectra of the films confirmed that the films were diamond-like/amorphous in nature. Although grown at an angle, ion energy of >35 eV was obtained at the off-axis position. This was proposed to be responsible for subplantation growth of sp3hybridized carbon. The condensation of energetic clusters and oblique angle deposition correspondingly gave rise to the formation of nanostructured DLC in this study.

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Kulis-Kapuscinska, Anna, Monika Kwoka, Michal Adam Borysiewicz, Massimo Sgarzi, and Gianaurelio Cuniberti. "ZnO Low-Dimensional Thin Films Used as a Potential Material for Water Treatment." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10131.

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In this work, the properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) low-dimensional conductive oxide nanostructures in the aspect of their potential applications in microelectronics, in toxic gas sensing, as well as in water remediation, have been determined. ZnO nanostructured porous thin films deposited by DC reactive sputtering (RS) have been deposited on Si substrates at different temperature conditions. For surface properties and chemical morphology analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used. Thanks to these techniques, it was possible to obtain information on thin film surface modifications caused by the adsorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and by the adsorption of photodegradation products following the photocatalysis experiments. The ZnO thin films were tested for their photocatalytic properties under UV light irradiation. For this purpose, methylene blue was used as a dye model pollutant to evaluate the activity of the nanostructures. It was observed that the ZnO thin films are able to photocatalytically degrade methylene blue. These results demonstrate that properly selected zinc oxide nanostructures, currently used in toxic gas sensing, can find application in the removal of micropollutants such as dyes and pharmaceuticals present in wastewater.

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Butusov, Leonid A., Galina K. Chudinova, Margarita V. Kochneva, Vladimir V. Kurilkin, Tatyana F. Sheshko, Alexandra Shulga, Indira A. Hayrullina, and Oleg S. Kudryavtsev. "Fluorescence Properties of Tb-Doped ZnO Porous Network Thin Film Grown on Monocrystalline Silicon Substrate." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.3.

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This research presents a new perspective on optical biosensors based on zinc oxide nanoparticles. The widely known and successfully applied nanostructured material is modified by the dopant - the green phosphor Terbium, which embedded in the structure of zinc oxide and makes a significant contribution to the fluorescent response of the material in both the UV and visible spectral regions. The effect of various dopant concentrations on the fluorescence of nanostructures was studied; the nanostructures were examined by SEM.

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Revutska, L., O. Shylenko, A. Stronski, V. Komanicky, and V. Bilanych. "Electron-beam recording of surface structures on As-S-Se chalcogenide thin films." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 21, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.1.146-150.

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The effect of electron beam irradiation on the amorphous chalcogenide film As38S36Se26 was studied. The formation of cones with a Gaussian profile on the surfaces of the films was found after local electron irradiation. Exposition dependent evolution of height surface nanostructures has been detected. The dependence of the height of surface nanostructures on the dose of irradiation is analyzed. Charge accumulation model into interaction region between the film and the electron beam was used to explain the electron-induced phenomena of the surface structure of amorphous As38S36Se26 films. Charges relaxation times, and electron beam penetration depth into film, and the initial and inverse doses are determined.

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31

Mohamed, Ruziana, Khairunisa Md Salleh, Mohd Firdaus Malek, Mohamad Hafiz Mamat, Yahya Norihan, Zuraida Khusaimi, and Mohamad Rusop Mahmood. "The Influence of Growth Duration Process on Morphology and Electrical Properties of SnO₂ Nanostructured Films." Solid State Phenomena 268 (October 2017): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.268.274.

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Tin oxide (SnO2) nanostructured thin film with different immersion times was prepared on zinc oxide (ZnO) seeded catalyst using immersion method. The immersion times were varied at 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 hours. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and two point probes current-voltage (I-V) measurements were used to study the surface morphology and electrical properties of SnO2 nanostructured thin films. The diameter size of SnO2 nanostructures which immersed at 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 h were in range 10-20 nm, 20-30 nm and 30-50 nm, respectively. The results shows the highest electrical properties was at 3.0 h of immersion time.

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Ruffino, Francesco, and Maria Grazia Grimaldi. "Nanostructuration of Thin Metal Films by Pulsed Laser Irradiations: A Review." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081133.

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Metal nanostructures are, nowadays, extensively used in applications such as catalysis, electronics, sensing, optoelectronics and others. These applications require the possibility to design and fabricate metal nanostructures directly on functional substrates, with specifically controlled shapes, sizes, structures and reduced costs. A promising route towards the controlled fabrication of surface-supported metal nanostructures is the processing of substrate-deposited thin metal films by fast and ultrafast pulsed lasers. In fact, the processes occurring for laser-irradiated metal films (melting, ablation, deformation) can be exploited and controlled on the nanoscale to produce metal nanostructures with the desired shape, size, and surface order. The present paper aims to overview the results concerning the use of fast and ultrafast laser-based fabrication methodologies to obtain metal nanostructures on surfaces from the processing of deposited metal films. The paper aims to focus on the correlation between the process parameter, physical parameters and the morphological/structural properties of the obtained nanostructures. We begin with a review of the basic concepts on the laser-metal films interaction to clarify the main laser, metal film, and substrate parameters governing the metal film evolution under the laser irradiation. The review then aims to provide a comprehensive schematization of some notable classes of metal nanostructures which can be fabricated and establishes general frameworks connecting the processes parameters to the characteristics of the nanostructures. To simplify the discussion, the laser types under considerations are classified into three classes on the basis of the range of the pulse duration: nanosecond-, picosecond-, femtosecond-pulsed lasers. These lasers induce different structuring mechanisms for an irradiated metal film. By discussing these mechanisms, the basic formation processes of micro- and nano-structures is illustrated and justified. A short discussion on the notable applications for the produced metal nanostructures is carried out so as to outline the strengths of the laser-based fabrication processes. Finally, the review shows the innovative contributions that can be proposed in this research field by illustrating the challenges and perspectives.

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33

Łapński, M., J. Czubek, K. Drozdowska, W. Sadowski, V. V. Kuznetsov, N. Charykov, and B. Koscielska. "Influence of plasmon resonance on the luminescence of titanium dioxide thin films doped with rare earth ions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012126.

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Abstract In this work the study of the optical properties of europium doped titanium dioxide thin films (TiO2:Eu) enhanced by gold plasmonic nanostructures are presented. Plasmonic platforms were manufactured by thermal annealing of thin film of Au, deposited on a Corning glass substrate. As a result of thermal treatment, gold spherical nanostructures with average dimensions of 50 nm were obtained. Luminescent TiO2:Eu film was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering method, from mosaic target. Morphology of gold nanostructures was investigated by SEM and TEM microscopes, while composition of oxides film was analysed by XPS methods. Luminescence properties were studied on the basis of excitation and emission spectra. Experiments have shown that such structures exhibit interesting luminescent properties and could be potential candidates for optoelectronics applications.

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Zhang, Hongxin, Tianqing Jia, Kan Zhou, Jukun Liu, Donghai Feng, Shian Zhang, and Zhenrong Sun. "Fabrication of gold micro/nanostructures by femtosecond laser direct writing and chemical etching." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 23, no. 04 (December 2014): 1450048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863514500489.

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In this paper, we report gold micro/nanostructures fabricated by a method called lithographically patterned nanostructure by chemical etching (LPNCE). In the LPNCE method, the photoresist layer, composed of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA, monomer) and isopropyl thioxanthone (ITX, photoinitiator), is dropped on gold film, and subsequently polymerized via two-photon absorption of 800 nm femtosecond laser. Micro/nanostructures are fabricated by the direct laser writing. The unpolymerized photoresist is washed by isopropanol, and the exposed gold is dissolved by KI 3 aqueous solution. Finally, polymers are removed by NaOH ethanol solution. Arbitrary 2D gold micro/nanostructures can be fabricated quickly by the direct laser writing and chemical etching method. The good electro-conductibility of these micro/nanostructures guarantees wide applications in micro-electronic devices, plasmonics and biosensors, etc.

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Shen, Tianyi, Qiwen Tan, Zhenghong Dai, Nitin P. Padture, and Domenico Pacifici. "Arrays of Plasmonic Nanostructures for Absorption Enhancement in Perovskite Thin Films." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071342.

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We report optical characterization and theoretical simulation of plasmon enhanced methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) thin-film perovskite solar cells. Specifically, various nanohole (NH) and nanodisk (ND) arrays are fabricated on gold/MAPbI 3 interfaces. Significant absorption enhancement is observed experimentally in 75 nm and 110 nm-thick perovskite films. As a result of increased light scattering by plasmonic concentrators, the original Fabry–Pérot thin-film cavity effects are suppressed in specific structures. However, thanks to field enhancement caused by plasmonic resonances and in-plane interference of propagating surface plasmon polaritons, the calculated overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell is expected to increase by up to 45.5%, compared to its flat counterpart. The role of different geometry parameters of the nanostructure arrays is further investigated using three dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, which makes it possible to identify the physical origin of the absorption enhancement as a function of wavelength and design parameters. These findings demonstrate the potential of plasmonic nanostructures in further enhancing the performance of photovoltaic devices based on thin-film perovskites.

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Liu, Guangqiao, Yan Zhou, Bin Zhang, Kaixiong Gao, Li Qiang, and Junyan Zhang. "Monitoring the nanostructure of a hydrogenated fullerene-like film by pulse bias duty cycle." RSC Advances 6, no. 64 (2016): 59039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra10961f.

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The fullerene-like (FL) nanostructure is extremely important for hydrogenated carbon films that exhibit excellent mechanical properties and ultralow friction in ambient air, but the details of the contributing nanostructures are not well understood.

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37

Chhoker, S., S. K. Arora, P. Srivastava, and V. D. Vankar. "Electron Field Emission from Graphitic Nanoflakes Grown Over Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 4309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.an39.

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Single step growth of self-assembled graphitic nanoflakes (GNF) over carbon nanotubes (CNT) on iron coated silicon(100) substrates is reported. These nanostructures were grown by varying the deposition time in a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor using acetylene, hydrogen and argon as reactant gases. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies of the deposited carbon films revealed that with increase in deposition time from 3 minutes to 6 minutes, the surface topography of the films transformed from one dimensional cylindrical nanostructure to flat-shaped two-dimensional nanoflakes. Carbon film deposited for 5 minutes showed improved surface coverage as compared to films deposited for 6 minutes i.e., surface area of the CNT film covered with nanoflakes increased as compared to carbon film deposited for higher durations. Field emission studies of films deposited at 5 minutes and 6 minutes showed increase in turn-on field, required for electron emission, from 2.7 V/μm to 2.9 V/μm respectively. However, such a combination of one dimension carbon and two dimension carbon may prove useful in applications where high surface area films are required.

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38

Rudenkov, A. S., M. A. Yarmolenko, A. A. Rogachev, A. P. Surzhikov, A. P. Luchnikov, and O. A. Frolova. "Phase composition and morphology of nanostructured coatings deposited by laser dispersion of a mixture of polyethylene with iron oxalate." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 99, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph3/22-30.

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Peculiarities of forming of iron oxide coatings with reinforced carbon nanostructures from gas phase generated by laser dispersion of composite target were explored. Influence of technological modes of heat treatment on morphology and phase composition of nanostructured film layers was determined. It was found that on a substrate highly dispersed layers containing carbon nanostructures are formed. Using Raman spectroscopy it was shown that in oxide matrix carbon structures, which are mainly in the form of planar located nanotubes, appear. It was found that with a mass ratio of polyethylene and iron oxalate equal to 1:1, the distribution of the formed nanostructures in size is unimodal with a maximum near 20 nm. At dispersing of polyethylene and iron oxalate mixture with mass ratio 1:2 in deposited layers nanotubes have the least defectiveness. Patterns of influence on morphology and coatings phase composition of relative component abundance in being dispersed by laser radiation composite target were determined. It was shown that with the growing of iron oxalate concentration in the target coating structural heterogeneity increases, subroughness and average size of separate nanostructures in the deposited condensate grow. The obtained polymer matrix nanocomposite films can be used in sensors.

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Ma, Chi, and Huan Lou. "Dual functional anode for organic light-emitting devices by directly imprinted nanostructured ultrathin Au film." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 17 (April 25, 2022): 173501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083482.

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The ultrathin metal film with excellent electrical conductivity and high visible-band transmittance has attracted considerable attention as a transparent electrode for the organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). However, the deficient surface morphology and poor continuity of low thickness evaporated metal films and the surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) mode induced energy loss still seriously limit the actual efficiency of OLEDs. In this work, the thermal nanoimprint lithography has been further modified and directly applied to fabricate nanostructures onto the ultrathin Au film. During the imprinting process, the surface smoothness and conductivity of the Au film are obviously optimized with the formation of nanostructures. After integrating proper nanostructures into OLEDs, the photons that trapped by SPPs mode within the device were effectively out-coupled. The current efficiency and luminance have been enhanced 45.3% and 18.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the emitting properties of the OLEDs were also modified by the nanostructures, and the directional transmission capability of output light was significantly improved.

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Ono, Sachiko. "Nanostructure Analysis of Anodic Films Formed on Aluminum-Focusing on the Effects of Electric Field Strength and Electrolyte Anions." Molecules 26, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 7270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237270.

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In this review, the research conducted by the authors on anodic oxide films on aluminum is described, paying particular attention to how the electric field strength, as a factor other than voltage, controls the nanostructures and properties of the films. It will also be indicated what factors contribute to the formation of defects, which, in contrast to the ideal or model film structure, contains a significant number of defects in the film. In addition to electrochemical measurements, the films were examined with a variety of advanced instruments, including electron microscopes, to confirm the “reality of film nanostructure” from a slightly different angle than the conventional view. The following topics on anodic films formed in four types of major anodizing electrolytes are discussed: pore initiation process, steady-state porous structure, sealing mechanism, the relationship between cell parameters and voltage/electric field strength, amount and depth of anion incorporation, electrolyte types, radial branching of pores, atypical pore structures, defect formation mechanism, self-ordering, Al coordination number, and the creation of α-alumina membranes.

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Omar, Azimah, Abdullah Huda, M. R. Razali, S. Shaari, and M. R. Taha. "Growth and Structural Properties of ZnO-SWCNTs Produced by Chemical Bath Deposition and Sol-Gel Methods." Advanced Materials Research 895 (February 2014): 460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.895.460.

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Two different methods were used to synthesize and fabricate zinc oxide-carbon nanotubes (ZnO-CNTs) thin films; chemical bath deposition (CBD) and sol-gel method. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were implemented in preparing the thin films. The obtained thin films were annealed in air at different temperatures levels of 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C and 350 °C for 30 min. Both methods successfully grew various nanostructures of ZnO-CNTs such as nanoparticles, nanobranches and nanoflakes. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallite sizes were calculated between 38.54 nm and 6.13 nm. FESEM cross sectional images indicated the thin film thicknesses varied from 164.9 μm to 5.84 μm. The TEM images estimated the diameters of the SWCNTs in the range of 3.38 nm to 16.14 nm. TEM images also proved the presence of ZnO entangled between SWCNTs. A combination of ZnO and SWCNTs in the thin film proposes a simple and low cost CBD method to produce various ZnO-CNTs nanostructures with appropriate thickness. Keywords: zinc oxide; carbon nanotubes; nanostructures; thin film ABSTRAK Dua kaedah telah digunakan untuk mensintesiskan serta memfabrikasi filem nipis zink oksida-karbon nanotiub (ZnO-CNTs); kaedah pemendapan kubang kimia (CBD) dan sol-gel. Karbon-nanotiub berdinding satu (SWCNTs) telah digunakan dalam penyediaan filem nipis. Filem nipis yang diperolehi disepuh-lindap melalui udara pada tahap suhu yang berbeza dari 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C dan 350 °C selama 30 minit. Kedua-dua kaedah telah berjaya menumbuhkan pelbagai struktur nanoZnO-CNTs seperti nanozarah, nanodahan dan nanokepingan. Pencirian struktur nanoitu dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop elektron imbasan (FESEM), belauan sinar-X (XRD) dan mikroskop electron pancaran (TEM). Saiz kristal yang dikira adalah antara 38.54 nm dan 6.13 nm. Analisis bagi keratan rentas FESEM imej menunjukkan ketebalan filem yang pelbagai dari 164.9 μm sehingga 5.84 μm. Imej TEM menganggarkan diameter karbon nanotiub dalam julat 3.38 nm sehingga 16.14 nm. Imej TEM turut mengesahkan kewujudan ZnO yang melekat di antara CNTs. Kombinasi ZnO dan SWCNTs di dalam filem nipis mencadangkan penggunaan kaedah CBD yang ringkas dan berkos murah untuk menghasilkan pelbagai struktur ZnO-CNTs bersaiz nanodengan ketebalan yang sesuai. Kata-kata kunci: zink oksida; karbon nanotiub; struktur bersaiz nano; filem nipis

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Okuda, Hiroshi, Kohki Takeshita, Shojiro Ochiai, Yoshinori Kitajima, Shinichi Sakurai, and Hiroki Ogawa. "Contrast matching of an Si substrate with polymer films by anomalous dispersion at the SiKabsorption edge." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45, no. 1 (December 13, 2011): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188981105206x.

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Anomalous dispersion at the SiKabsorption edge has been used to control the reflection from the interface between a film and an Si substrate, which otherwise complicates the nanostructure analysis of such a film, particularly for the soft-matter case, in grazing-incidence small-angle scattering. Such a reflectionless condition has been chosen for a triblock copolymer thin film, and two-dimensional grazing-incidence small-angle scattering patterns were obtained without the effect of the reflection. The present approach is useful for analysing nanostructures without introducing complicated corrections arising from the reflection.

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Yuan, Jian-Jun, and Ren-Hua Jin. "Approaches to nanostructure control and functionalizations of polymer@silica hybrid nanograss generated by biomimetic silica mineralization on a self-assembled polyamine layer." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 2 (November 23, 2011): 760–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.2.84.

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We report the rational control of the nanostructure and surface morphology of a polyamine@silica nanoribbon-based hybrid nanograss film, which was generated by performing a biomimetic silica mineralization reaction on a nanostructured linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) layer preorganized on the inner wall of a glass tube. We found that the film thickness, size and density of the nanoribbons and the aggregation/orientation of the nanoribbons in the film were facile to tune by simple adjustment of the biomimetic silicification conditions and LPEI self-assembly on the substrate. Our LPEI-mediated nanograss process allows the facile and programmable generation of a wide range of nanostructures and surface morphologies without the need for complex molecular design or tedious techniques. This ribbon-based nanograss has characteristics of a LPEI@silica hybrid structure, suggesting that LPEI, as a polymeric secondary amine, is available for subsequent chemical reaction. This feature was exploited to functionalize the nanograss film with three representative species, namely porphyrin, Au nanoparticles and titania. Of particular note, the novel silica@titania composite nanograss surface demonstrated the ability to convert its wetting behavior between the extreme states (superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic) by surface hydrophobic treatment and UV irradiation. The anatase titania component in the nanograss film acts as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the decomposition of the low-surface-energy organic components attached to the nanosurface. The ease with which the nanostructure can be controlled and facilely functionalized makes our nanograss potentially important for device-based application in microfluidic, microreactor and biomedical fields.

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El-Naggar, A. M., A. A. Albassam, K. Oźga, M. Szota, and I. V. Kityk. "UV-Induced Anisotropy In CdBr2-CdBr2: Cu Nanostructures." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 2029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0344.

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Abstract We have found an occurrence of anisotropy in the nanostructure CdBr2-CdBr2: Cu nanocrystalline films. The film thickness was varied from 4 nm up to 80 nm. The films were prepared by successive deposition of the novel layers onto the basic nanocrystals. The detection of anisotropy was performed by occurrence of anisotropy in the polarized light at 633 nm He-Ne laser wavelength. The occurrence of anisotropy was substantially dependent on the film thickness and the photoinduced power density. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.

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Tsukamoto, Masahiro, Togo Shinonaga, Akiko Nagai, Kimihiro Yamashita, Takao Hanawa, Nobuhiro Matsushita, Guo Qiang Xie, and Nobuyuki Abe. "Biocompatibility of Titanium Dioxide Film Modified by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1377.

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Titanium (Ti) is one of the most widely used for biomaterials, because of its excellent anti-corrosion and high mechanical properties. In addion to these properies, the bioactivity of Ti is required. Recently, coating of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) film on Ti plate surface is useful methods to obtain biocompatibility of Ti plate. If periodic nanostructures were formed on the film surface, direction of cell spreading might be controlled due to grooves direction. Then, femtosecond laser is one of the useful tools of periodic nanostructures formation. Peiriod of periodic nanostructures might be varied by changing the laser wavelength. In the experiments, the film was formed on Ti plate with an aerosol beam which was composed of submicron size TiO2 particles and helium gas. The film was irradiated with the femtosecond laser. Laser wavelengths of the laser was at 1044, 775 and 388 nm, respectively. Periodic nanostructures, lying perpendicular to the laser electric field polarization vector, were formed on the film by femtosecond laser irradiation at 1044, 775 and 388 nm, respectively. The period of the periodic nanostructures on the film produced by femtosecond laser irradiation at 1044, 775 and 388 nm was about 350, 230 and 130 nm, respectively. In the cell test, cell spreading along the grooves of the periodic nanostructures was observed although it was not done for the film without the periodic nanostructures. These results suggested that direction of cell spreading could be controlled by the periodic nanostructures formation

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Matei, Ecaterina, Carmen Gaidau, Maria Râpă, Laura Mihaela Stefan, Lia-Mara Ditu, Andra Mihaela Predescu, Maria Stanca, et al. "Sustainable Coated Nanostructures Based on Alginate and Electrospun Collagen Loaded with Antimicrobial Agents." Coatings 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020121.

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In this study, sodium alginate film (Alg) was coated with electrospun collagen glue (Col) extracted from rabbit skin waste, loaded with different commercial antimicrobial agents (chitosan, AG425K and ZnONPs) and investigated in terms of morphological, structural and biological properties. The coated nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with the energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDS), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tests. The cytotoxicity was investigated on murine L929 fibroblasts using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide salt (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Microbiological tests were performed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Candida albicans ATCC 27853 standard strains. In vitro cell culture tests showed a good cytocompatibility of the coated nanostructured systems, except the sample loaded with ZnONPs, which exhibited a highly cytotoxic effect. Alg-Col-ZnONPs nanostructure inhibited the growth and multiplication of the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacterial strains. The results of new coated nanostructures may be useful for the development of sustainable biomaterials in a circular economy, with bioactive properties for medical wound dressings.

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Jindal, Vibhu, James R. Grandusky, Neeraj Tripathi, Fatemeh Shahedipour-Sandvik, Steven LeBoeuf, Joleyn Balch, and Todd Tolliver. "Selective area heteroepitaxy of nano-AlGaN ultraviolet excitation sources for biofluorescence application." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 4 (April 2007): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0141.

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We report on the selective area heteroepitaxy and facet evolution of AlGaN nanostructures on GaN/sapphire substrate using various mask materials. We also report on the challenges associated with selection of an appropriate mask material for selective area heteroepitaxy of AlGaN with varying Al composition. The shape and the growth rate of the nanostructures are observed to be greatly affected by the mask material. The evolution of the AlGaN nanostructures and Al incorporation were studied exhaustively as a function of growth parameters including temperature, pressure, NH3 flow, total alkyl flow, and TMAl/(TMAl+TMGa) ratio. The growth rate of nanostructures was reduced drastically when higher Al percentage AlGaN nanostructures were grown. The growth rates were increased for higher Al percentage AlGaN using a surfactant, which resulted in a high-quality pyramidal structure. As indicated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, the composition of Al in the AlGaN nanostructure is significantly different from that of a thin film grown under the same growth conditions.

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48

Haslinger, Michael J., Dmitry Sivun, Hannes Pöhl, Battulga Munkhbat, Michael Mühlberger, Thomas A. Klar, Markus C. Scharber, and Calin Hrelescu. "Plasmon-Assisted Direction- and Polarization-Sensitive Organic Thin-Film Detector." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091866.

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Utilizing Bragg surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on metal nanostructures for the use in optical devices has been intensively investigated in recent years. Here, we demonstrate the integration of nanostructured metal electrodes into an ITO-free thin film bulk heterojunction organic solar cell, by direct fabrication on a nanoimprinted substrate. The nanostructured device shows interesting optical and electrical behavior, depending on angle and polarization of incidence and the side of excitation. Remarkably, for incidence through the top electrode, a dependency on linear polarization and angle of incidence can be observed. We show that these peculiar characteristics can be attributed to the excitation of dispersive and non-dispersive Bragg SPPs on the metal–dielectric interface on the top electrode and compare it with incidence through the bottom electrode. Furthermore, the optical and electrical response can be controlled by the organic photoactive material, the nanostructures, the materials used for the electrodes and the epoxy encapsulation. Our device can be used as a detector, which generates a direct electrical readout and therefore enables the measuring of the angle of incidence of up to 60° or the linear polarization state of light, in a spectral region, which is determined by the active material. Our results could furthermore lead to novel organic Bragg SPP-based sensor for a number of applications.

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49

Maitra, Soumyajit, Arundhati Sarkar, Toulik Maitra, Somoprova Halder, Subhasis Roy, and Kajari Kargupta. "Cadmium Sulphide Sensitized Crystal Facet Tailored Nanostructured Nickel Ferrite @ Hematite Core-Shell Ternary Heterojunction Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting." MRS Advances 5, no. 50 (2020): 2585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.316.

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AbstractDesign of composite semiconductor nanostructures with proper band alignment for efficient charge separation and carrier transport has been at the center of research for photoelectrochemical water splitting. This work demonstrates the deposition of a NiFe2O4 @Fe2O3 core-shell nanostructured film sensitized with CdS to form a ternary heterojunction for cascade type electron transfer. The hematite nanostructures were grown by hydrothermal approach through dipping into a solution of Nickel Nitrate yielded anchoring of Ni2+ ions on the outer surface. The films were then annealed at 650 0C for the diffusion of Ni2+ ions into the hematite lattice which forms core-shell NiFe2O4 @Fe2O3 heterojunction. The films were further sensitized with CdS nanoparticles deposited by a hydrothermal approach to form the final ternary heterojunction photoanode. Several different nanostructures were grown and the effect of crystal facet tailoring was observed on Ni loading and photoelectrochemical performance. The photoelectrochemical measurements were carried out using a potentiostat under 100 mW/cm2 light source (150W Xenon Lamp) with Pt counter electrode and 0.5 M Na2S and 0.5 M Na2SO3 electrolyte. A current density of 3.47 mA/cm2 was observed at 1.23 V (vs Ag/AgCl). An Applied Bias to Photocurrent Efficiency (ABPE) of 1.8 % photoconversion efficiency was observed using the fabricated electrodes at 0.288V (vs Ag/AgCl).

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50

CHONGSRI, KRISANA, KANOKTHIP BOONYARATTANAKALIN, and WISANU PECHARAPA. "EFFECT OF SEEDING FILM TYPE ON MORPHOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Ga-DOPED ZnO NANOSTRUCTURES GROWN BY HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS." Surface Review and Letters 25, Supp01 (December 2018): 1840005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x1840005x.

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In the present work, we are interested in modifying the structures and electrical properties of Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) nanostructures by incorporation of Ga and F elements into ZnO seeding films. The ZnO, Ga-doped ZnO and F-doped ZnO thin film layers were grown by sol–gel dip coating onto glass substrates. The GZO nanostructures were grown by hydrothermal method starting from zinc nitrate and gallium (III) nitrate hydrate with a crystal growth assistance using the different types of seeding film layers. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) are observe for the crystal structures and surface morphologies of GZO nanostructures. The changes in electrical resistance of the GZO nanostructures due to the different seeding layers were analyzed by the four-point probe technique. It is shown that the structural and electrical properties are found to be affected by the types of seeding layers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Film nanostructures'

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