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Journal articles on the topic 'Film of zinc sulphide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Ho, Soonmin. "Recent advancement in the synthesis of zinc sulphide thin films." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 28, no. 6 (2024): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/286rjce870100.

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This research work has given an overview on the preparation of zinc sulphide thin films on different types of substrates (quartz, soda lime glass, silicon, polyethylene terephthalate film, fluorine-doped tin oxide glass, indium tin oxide coated glass, silica, stainless steel, mica, microscopy glass slide and (100) GaAs substrate) using different types of deposition methods. XRD data showed information about the different phases (cubic, wurtzite and hexagonal) presented in the obtained as-deposited films and annealed samples. Based on optical studies, the band gap was observed in the range of 2

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2

Akkari, Anis, Meriem Regima, Cathy Guasch, and Najoua Kamoun Turki. "Effect of Deposition Time on Physical Properties of Nanocrystallized SnS Zinc Blend Thin Films Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition." Advanced Materials Research 324 (August 2011): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.324.101.

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Abstract. Zinc blend tin sulphide thin films have been successfully prepared on Pyrex substrates using low cost chemical bath depositiontechnique. In this work, we study the effect of time deposition on the physical properties of SnS thin film. A 200 nm thick layer is obtained as an optimum value for deposition time td equal to four hours. X-Ray diffraction study shows that SnS exhibits a zinc blend structure with preferential orientations (111)ZBand (200)ZB. Optical analyses by means of transmission T(λ) and reflection R(λ) measurements allow to determine the direct band gap energy value ≈1.7

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3

Carkner, Don, Adrian Kitai, and Richard Young. "Cesium coating of thin‐film zinc sulphide cold cathodes." Journal of Applied Physics 74, no. 10 (1993): 6391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355164.

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4

NIMRAH, S., S. HONEY, M. T. BHATTI, et al. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnS THIN FILMS PREPARED BY RESISTIVE HEATING TECHNIQUE." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 04 (2018): 1850080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500804.

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In the present work, Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) thin films deposited by resistive heating technique on BK-7 glass substrate. Optical and structural characterizations of ZnS films have been carried out along with the post-deposition annealing at different temperatures. The thickness of the film is monitored by quartz crystal monitor and found to be 500[Formula: see text]nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides the qualitative analysis of ZnS film before and after annealing at different temperatures. The optical investigation shows that the as-deposited and annealed ZnS film display

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5

Sanders, Brian W., and Adrian H. Kitai. "The electrodeposition of thin film zinc sulphide from thiosulphate solution." Journal of Crystal Growth 100, no. 3 (1990): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(90)90238-g.

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6

Bwayo, Edward, Willy Okullo, Daniel Mukiibi, Denis Okello, Robert Lugolole, and Tumps Winston Ireeta. "Dependence of reflectance on angular deposition and film thickness of ZnS/Ag nanolayers." Engineering and Applied Science Letters 4, no. 4 (2021): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/psrp-easl2021.0078.

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This paper presents the spectral reflectance of thermally evaporated ZnS/Ag nanostructures. The coating of ZnS/Ag nanostructures was performed in two steps while varying the film thickness and deposition angle. Silver metal wire (99.99% purity) was heated under vacuum at a pressure of \(2.5 \times 10^{-5}\) mBars and deposited on glass slide substrates in the diffusion pump microprocessor vacuum coater (Edwards AUTO 306). Pieces of zinc sulphide (99.99% purity) were heated and deposited to the glass slides previously coated with silver to form the ZnS/Ag/glass composite. The optical reflectanc

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7

Moipolai, T. B., M. Madhuku, and S. J. Moloi. "Deposition and Characterization of Metallic Film Precursors for the Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications." MRS Advances 3, no. 38 (2018): 2247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.509.

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AbstractCopper Zinc Tin Sulphide (Cu2ZnSnS4) materials are of interest for Photovoltaic applications. In this work, i.e., the first phase of Cu2ZnSnS4 synthesis, Cu-Zn-Sn film precursors were synthesised using electron beam deposition. The crystal structure of the synthesised film precursors were characterised by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and elemental composition identification performed using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). The synthesis results obtained are in agreement with those presented in the literature indicating that the metallic CZT film precursors were successfully synt

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Porada, Zbigniew, and Elzbieta Schabowska-Osiowska. "Optoelectronic Logical Gates “AND”, “OR” and “NOT”." Active and Passive Electronic Components 27, no. 2 (2004): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0882751031000116197.

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Optoelectronic AND, OR and NOT logical gates were composed of thin film photoconducting and electroluminescent elements, made of cadmium sulphide and zinc sulphide, respectively, doped with copper, chlorine and manganese. The gates consisted of several photoconducting elements and one electroluminescent element suitably connected and supplied with a sinusoidal voltage. In such circuits the functions of product, sum and negation for input light signals illuminating the photoconducting elements were realized, and the output signal was the light emitted by the electroluminescent element.

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9

Dr., Sandip V. Mahajan. "OPTICAL PROPERTY OF ZNS THIN FILM PREPARED BY SUCCESSIVE AND IONIC LAYER ADSORPTION AND REACTION METHOD." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 2, no. 18 (2022): 200–202. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7056884.

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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong> <em>Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) thin film has been successfully deposited on glass thin substrate using modified chemical bath deposition method for 30 minutes. The optical properties of the ZnS thin film were studied using measurement from UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results confirm that a ZnS thin film has good optical absorption in the visible region. The optical properties were studied in the range 300-900 nm. The optical band gap of ZnS thin film 3.5 eV were calculated using absorbance. </em>

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10

Adeoye Abiodun, E., Emmanuel Ajenifuja, A. Taleatu Bidini, et al. "Surface microstructure, optical and electrical properties of spray pyrolyzed PbS and Zn-PbS thin films for optoelectronic applications." Materials Science-Poland 35, no. 3 (2017): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2017-0074.

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AbstractLead sulphide (PbS) and zinc- doped lead sulphide (Zn-PbS) thin films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis on soda lime glass substrates at a temperature of 250 °C. Precursors were prepared from chemical reagents including zinc acetate, lead acetate and thiourea. The deposited films thicknesses and elemental composition were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS); the percentages of Pb and S were estimated as 40.58 % and 59.42 %, respectively, while for the Zn-doped sample, the percentages of Zn, Pb and S were respectively 4.84 %, 44.57 % and 50.59 %. Morphologica

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Adeoye, Abiodun E., Emmanuel Ajenifuja, Bidini A. Taleatu, and A. Y. Fasasi. "Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry Analysis and Structural Properties of ZnxPb1-xS Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis." Journal of Materials 2015 (October 8, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/215210.

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Zinc lead sulphide ternary thin films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis on soda lime glass substrates using zinc acetate, lead acetate, and thiourea sources precursor. The films were characterized using Rutherford backscattering (RBS) spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). RBS studies revealed variation in thickness and stoichiometry of the films with respect to compositional substitution between Zn and Pb, thereby giving effective composition ZnxPb1-xS, where x=0, 0.035, 0.069, 0.109, 0.176, and 0.2

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12

Ashton, L. J., and J. F. B. Hawkes. "Cathodoluminescence in thin zinc sulphide films." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 19, no. 7 (1986): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/19/7/023.

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13

Abdalmageed, Hassan Ismail, Mostafa Fedawy, and Moustafa H. Aly. "Effect of absorber layer bandgap of CIGS-based solar cell with (CdS/ZnS) buffer layer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2128, no. 1 (2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2128/1/012009.

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Abstract This article uses computational models to evaluate the potential of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells. The use of cadmium sulphide (CdS) renders the solar cell environmentally hazardous. A zinc sulphide (ZnS) that is non-toxic and has a large bandgap is studied as a potential replacement for cadmium sulphide in CIGS-based solar cells. The present research focuses on the impact of the CIGS-based solar cell bandgap absorber layer by increasing the absorber layer thickness (0.1-2 μm) using the solar cell simulator simulation tool SCAPS. The basic simulation pr

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14

Li, Yang Ping, and Zheng Tang Liu. "Infrared Transmission Performance of Gallium Phosphide Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3685.

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Long-wave infrared windows and domes used under harsh conditions always suffer sand abrasion and raindrop erosion. GaP thin film has proved to be effective LWIR protective coating for zinc sulphide window. In this article, the GaP films have been deposited on 5-mm-thick thermo-pressed planar ZnS substrates by RF magnetron sputtering in high pure Ar gas, with a single crystalline GaP disc as the target. The maxima of the GaP/ZnS transmission spectra curve are less than the corresponding transmissivities of ZnS substrates, which indicates that the GaP films are of absorption. SEM results show th

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15

Kumar, S., R. Bhushan, S. R. Kumar, and S. Rajpal. "Studies on the effects of annealing on the structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline ZnCdS thin films." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 1 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.191.1.

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Zinc Cadmium Sulphide (ZnCdS) is a ternary direct band gap semiconducting material having potential applications in different opto-electronic devices. The deposition temperature can be effectively used to enhance the structure and optical properties of the films. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of air annealing on the various properties of ZnCdS films. A nanocrystalline ZnCdS thin film was successfully deposited on molybdenum substrate and the effect of annealing on structural, morphological, and optical properties were studied. The main impact was found to be slightly increase

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16

Mahalingam, T., and C. Sanjeeviraja. "Characterization of Electrodeposited Zinc Sulphide Thin Films." Physica Status Solidi (a) 129, no. 2 (1992): K89—K92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211290232.

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17

Habib, Khaled Muthana. "Electrical and structural properties of ZnS thin film." University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 19, no. 2 (2015): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2015.n2.a17.

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Semiconducting Zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin filmwas deposited on glass substrate usingchemical spray pyrolysis technique.The suitable deposition temperature was 400 ±3°C, and the thickness of the films was found to be 420 ±5nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the film was polycrystalline with grain size of crystallite 16 nm. The electrical properties were studied for prepared film, and the results showed a linear behaviour of I-V characteristics at the voltage range of 30 -100 V. Resistivity of ZnS sample decreases with temperature, and found to be 9.91 x 102 Ω cm at room temperat

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18

Rajen Singh, L., and M. A. Hussain. "The temperature dependent current-voltage characteristics of chemically prepared AL/(P)PBS Schottky barrier junction." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 2 (2022): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.192.131.

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Zinc (Zn) doped nanocrystalline lead sulphide (PbS) thin film is prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at bath deposition temperature 313K using Zinc Acetate, Lead Acetate and Thiourea. The prepared films is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Al/(p)PbS Schottky barrier junctions are fabricated onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate to study the junction parameters. The Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics of the junctions is measure in the temperatu

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19

Hyacinthe Aka, Aka, Amal Bouich, Idrissa Diomandé, Boko Aka, and Bernabé Mari Soucase. "Comparative study between CZTS and CZTSe thin layers for photovoltaic applications." E3S Web of Conferences 412 (2023): 01100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341201100.

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A comparative study of the thin layer based on copper zinc tin sulphide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and that based on copper zinc tin selenide Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) was made in order to assess the structural, morphological, optical and electrical qualities. for better use in improving performance of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe based solar cell. CZTS and CZTSe thin films prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirmed their kesterite structure in the tetragonal crystal phase. In addition, the analysis of the surfaces of the thin layers with the scanning elect

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20

Chaudhuri, S., A. Dhar, and A. K. Pal. "Growth and microstructure of Cd1-xZnxS films deposited by hot-wall evaporation technique." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 700–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176630.

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Recent developments in the field of solar photovaltaic technology with CdS as window layer indicated that Cd1-x Znx S is more suitable as the window layer because its propeerties may be tailored by simply adjusting the Zn content. It is known that the band gap of (Cd, Zn) S increases linearly with increasing Zn in the film.We report here our studies on the growth and microstructure of thin films of cadmium zinc sulphide (Cd1-xZnxS) with the values of x in the range (0<x<0.27). Films were deposited by coevaporation of cadmium sulphide and zinc sulphide by the hot wall evaporation. Three d

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21

Shehu, Muhammad Shafiu, Rasheed Segun Lawal, Nura Ibrahim, Nuhu Yunusa, Olaoye A.O, and Siyaku Adinoyi. "STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR A NANO-CRYSTALLINE FILM (ZnS) BY AEROSOL SPRAY PYROLYSIS TECHNIQUE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 7, no. 1 (2023): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0701-1177.

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Nano thin film materials play an indispensable role in modern electronics and other field of material sciences especially in a photovoltaic technology. The scope of this research is to grow Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) thin film and characterize structurally to understand the benefits of the study choosing chemical deposition method (The aerosol spray pyrolysis), the chemical combination analysis and the annealing temperature. Specifically on the film strength and its applications. In the light of this work, Nano crystalline ZnS thin films was grown by carefully dissolving 1.48g of Zinc Acetate (Zn(CH3

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22

Anuja, E., and R. Thiruneelakandan. "Fabrication, Structural, Optical, Electrical Properties and Influence of Complexing Agents on Ternary CuZnS2 Thin Film." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 11 (2021): 2762–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23356.

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In the present work, copper zinc sulphide (CuZnS2) thin films with and without complexing agents using glass plate as substrate were prepared. Chemical bath deposition method was employed to deposit the thin films. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of the prepared films indicate the crystalline nature of CuZnS2 with cubic phases. The SEM and AFM images illustrate that the deposited films were highly influenced on the polyhedral morphology by the complexing agents. The influence of complexing agents on absorbance and band gap of the CuZnS2 thin films were characterized using UV-Vis absor

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23

T. Shobana, T. Shobana, T. Venkatesan T. Venkatesan, and D. Kathirvel D. Kathirvel. "A Comprehensive Review on Zinc Sulphide Thin Film by Chemical Bath Deposition Techniques." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 9, no. 1 (2020): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2020.03.201394.

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24

Usha, Sruthi P., Satyendra K. Mishra, and Banshi D. Gupta. "Zinc oxide thin film/nanorods based lossy mode resonance hydrogen sulphide gas sensor." Materials Research Express 2, no. 9 (2015): 095003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/2/9/095003.

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25

Nway, Han Myat Thin, and Kaung Pho. "Characterization of CdS/Cd1-xZnxTe Films." Dagon University Research Journal Vol.3, no. 2011 (2019): Pg.115–125. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542347.

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A method of forming a compound film can be fabricated by using the cadmium sulphide (CdS) compound and cadmium zinc telluride (Cd1-xZnxTe) compounds with the ways of coating the pastes on the glass substrates and sintering the films in a suitable atmosphere. The structural properties of (CdS and Cd1-xZnxTe) compound powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The electrical properties of the films were investigated by photoconductivity measurement. The n-CdS/p-Cd1-xZnxTe heterojunction solar cells were fabricated on glass substrates by screen printing method and by sintering met

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Iqbal, Tahir, Amna Azam, Aqsa Tehseen, and Almas Bashir. "Review A Review of Recent Progress in Efficiency-Power Correlations of Silicon Hetero-Junction Solar Cells." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 62, no. 3 (2019): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.62.3.2019.202.214.

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 Solar technology is widely used to generate the electricity. It is fundamental p-n junction that supplies the emf whenever sunlight falls on it. A lot of efforts have been incremented by inserting the impurity level in the semiconductor band gap to enhance the efficiency of the solar cells. Copper zinc tin sulphide (Cu2ZnSnS4) devices are the highly stable and efficient part for the most fundamental of many solar cells. Cadmium (Cd) doping is carried out to enhance the efficiency of CZTS. Cadmium sulphide (CdS) consists of band gap that is 2.4 eV. Ternary organic solar cells attract the

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27

E., Anuja, Thiruneelakandan R., and Manikandan K. "Effect of complexing agent: Comparative study of copper based ternary thin films by chemical bath deposition technique." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 96, Jan 2019 (2019): 40–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5652712.

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Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail</em>: anuja.tau@gmail.com Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University Constituent Model Arts and Science College for Women, Veppur-621 717, Tamilnadu, India <em>Manuscript received online 29 August 2018, accepted 09 October 2018</em> Thin films of FeCuS<sub>2</sub> and ZnCuS<sub>2</sub> at varying complexing agents were deposited by chemical bath deposition method. Ultrathin ternary films were grown on glass plate and the structural, morphological an

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28

Soud, A. J., and Bushra K. H. Al-Maiyaly. "Influence of annealing temperature on nano crystalline description for CuZnS thin films." Chalcogenide Letters 21, no. 5 (2024): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2024.215.385.

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Copper Zinc Sulphide (Cu0.5Zn0.5S) alloy and thin films were fabricated in a vacuum. Nano crystallized (CZS) film with thick 450±20 nm was deposit at substrates glasses using thermal evaporation technique below ~ 2 × 10− 5 mbar vacuum to investigated the films structural, morphological and optical properties depended on annealing temperatures ( as-deposited, 423, 523 and 623) K for one hour. The influences annealed temperature on structurally besides morphologically characteristics on these films were investigated using XRD and AFM respectively. XRD confirms the formation a mixed hexagonal pha

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29

Rumyantsev, Yu M., N. I. Fainer, M. L. Kosinova, B. M. Ayupov, and N. P. Sysoeva. "RPECVD thin cadmium, copper and zinc sulphide films." Le Journal de Physique IV 09, PR8 (1999): Pr8–777—Pr8–784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1999898.

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30

Morris, G. C., and R. Vanderveen. "Electrodeposited cadmium zinc sulphide films for solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 26, no. 3 (1992): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(92)90062-t.

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Murali, K. R., J. Abirami, and T. Balasubramanian. "Pulse plated zinc sulphide films and their characteristics." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 19, no. 3 (2007): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-007-9225-5.

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Panbude, Anshu. "Synthesis, Characterization and Study of Cadmium and Zinc Sulphide Multilayer Thin Film using CBD." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 6 (2018): 1219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.6178.

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Uhuegbu and Babatunde. "Spectral analysis of copper zinc sulphide ternary thin film grown by solution growth technique." American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 1, no. 3 (2010): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/ajsir.2010.1.3.397.400.

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Younus, Junaid, Warda Shahzad, Bushra Ismail, et al. "Expression of concern: Engineering the optical properties of nickel sulphide thin films by zinc integration for photovoltaic applications." RSC Advances 14, no. 42 (2024): 30687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra90106a.

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Expression of concern for ‘Engineering the optical properties of nickel sulphide thin films by zinc integration for photovoltaic applications’ by Junaid Younus et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 27415–27422, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA04011A.

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Ma, Pengchang, Chuntao Dai, and Hongbo Liu. "High performance polyimide films containing benzimidazole moieties for thin film solar cells." e-Polymers 19, no. 1 (2019): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2019-0059.

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AbstractIn order to match the fabrication process of flexible Copper-Indium-Gallium-Selenide (CIGS) solar cell, a series of polyimides (PIs) with high initial decomposition temperatures (Td) were prepared from 6,4′-diamino-2′-trifluoromethyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole (DATFPBI), p-phenylenediamine (p-PPD), and S-type biphenyl dianhydride (s-BPDA) using a sequential copolymerization, casting, and thermal imidization process. The physical properties of the PIs were found to be effectively modified by adjusting both the ratio of the rigid momomers and the thermal imidization process. With the introduc

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36

Ampong, Francis K., Johannes A. M. Awudza, R. K. Nkum, F. Boakye, P. John Thomas, and Paul O'Brien. "Ternary cadmium zinc sulphide films with high charge mobilities." Solid State Sciences 40 (February 2015): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2014.12.013.

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37

Chaku, Anemone Koul, Pramod K. Singh, and B. Bhattacharya. "Cadmium zinc sulphide (Cd1−xZnxS) films: effect of annealing." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 28, no. 15 (2017): 11163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6903-9.

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Tammenmaa, M., M. Leskelä, T. Koskinen, and L. Niinistö. "Zinc sulphide thin films doped with rare earth ions." Journal of the Less Common Metals 126 (December 1986): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(86)90282-1.

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39

Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin, and Bassam Khaleed Balkhair Almashgari. "The Effect of Vacuum Pressure During Fabrication of Zinc Sulphide Thin Film Using Thermal Evaporator." Current Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/cst.v1i1.6396.

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Zinc sulphide is a remarkable semiconductor material, with its highly demanded optical, electrical properties and its availability, it is used in the field of photovoltaic applications. The objectives are to investigate the effect of vacuum pressure on the glass substrate and the study different cluster models based on its crystal size. The ZnS thin films were fabricated using a thermal evaporator at the pressure of 10-5 Torr, 10-6 Torr, and 10-7 Torr. Four different size cluster models have been characterized theoretically. Each model was built based on the size of crystal structures, optimiz

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40

Faremi, Abass A., Adedeji T. Akindadelo, Mathew Adefuika Adekoya, et al. "Engineering of window layer cadmium sulphide and zinc sulphide thin films for solar cell applications." Results in Engineering 16 (December 2022): 100622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100622.

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Shakil, Md Anisuzzaman, Sangita Das, Md Ashiqur Rahman, Umma Salma Akther, Md Kamrul Hassan, and Md Khalilur Rahman. "A Review on Zinc Sulphide Thin Film Fabrication for Various Applications Based on Doping Elements." Materials Sciences and Applications 09, no. 09 (2018): 751–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2018.99055.

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Alexander, Ohiani O., Ayodele S. Abdulateef, Hameed Momoh, Olaoye A. Olajide, Egbunu Friday, and Adeyemi John. "Influence of film thickness on the structural properties of copper zinc tin sulphide absorber materials." International Journal of Physics and Applications 3, no. 1 (2021): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26647575.2021.v3.i1a.38.

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43

Gobinath, V. K., R. Rajasekar, C. Moganapriya, et al. "Surface engineering of zinc sulphide film for augmenting the performance of polycrystalline silicon solar cells." Chalcogenide Letters 18, no. 7 (2021): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2021.187.375.

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The current work focused on enhancing solar cell’s Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) while using zinc sulphide (ZnS) material as Anti-Reflective Coating (ARC). The ZnS layers were deposited over the solar cell surface by RF sputtering technique. The coating was performed in argon gas atmosphere with sputtering time such as 10, 20, 30 & 40 min represented as S-I, S-II, S-III and S-IV respectively. The power conversion efficiency of ZnS coating on polycrystalline silicon solar cells was studied by evaluating optical properties, electrical characteristics, structure morphology and temperature

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Jayakrishnan, R., and Aruna Raj. "Photosensitivity reversal in solution-processed Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide/Cadmium Sulphide superstrate junction." Thin Solid Films 783 (October 2023): 140063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2023.140063.

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45

AKBAR, N., W. MAHMOOD, M. F. NASIR, S. Z. ILYAS, and N. A. SHAH. "PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUBLIMATED TERNARY COMPOUND CdZnS THIN FILMS." Journal of Ovonic Research 16, no. 2 (2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2020.161.139.

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Mechanically mixed Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) powder with Zinc (Zn) (99.9% purity) was used as a source material to sublimate a ternary compound of Cadmium Zinc Sulphide (CdZnS) by using Closed Space Sublimation (CSS) under high vacuum. Annealing was carried out under optimized temperature and time for better diffusion of Zn into CdS. Xray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that (002) was preferred orientation with hexagonal phase after annealing. Crystallite size of prepared films increased from 17 to 89 nm after annealing at higher temperatures. The surface morphology of the films was changed an

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46

AKBAR, N., W. MAHMOOD, M. F. NASIR, S. Z. ILYAS, and N. A. SHAH. "PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUBLIMATED TERNARY COMPOUND CdZnS THIN FILMS." Journal of Ovonic Research 16, no. 2 (2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2020.162.139.

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Abstract:

Mechanically mixed Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) powder with Zinc (Zn) (99.9% purity) was used as a source material to sublimate a ternary compound of Cadmium Zinc Sulphide (CdZnS) by using Closed Space Sublimation (CSS) under high vacuum. Annealing was carried out under optimized temperature and time for better diffusion of Zn into CdS. Xray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that (002) was preferred orientation with hexagonal phase after annealing. Crystallite size of prepared films increased from 17 to 89 nm after annealing at higher temperatures. The surface morphology of the films was changed an

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47

Promnimit, Sujira, and Joydeep Dutta. "Synthesis and Electrical Characterization of Multilayer Thin Films Designed by Layer-by-Layer Self Assembly of Nanoparticles." Journal of Nano Research 11 (May 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.11.1.

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In this work, we report the directed self organization of multilayer thin film devices with colloidal nanoparticles through Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique [1]. Self-organization of nanoparticles into assemblies to create novel nanostructures is getting increasing research attention in microelectronics, medical, energy and environmental applications. Directed self-organization of nanoparticles [2] into multilayer thin films were achieved by LbL growth through the interaction of oppositely charged of colloidal nanoparticles on substrates of any kind and shapes. Multilayer thin film devices were

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Peter, L. M. "Towards sustainable photovoltaics: the search for new materials." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1942 (2011): 1840–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0348.

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The opportunities for photovoltaic (PV) solar energy conversion are reviewed in the context of projected world energy demands for the twenty-first century. Conventional single-crystal silicon solar cells are facing increasingly strong competition from thin-film solar cells based primarily on polycrystalline absorber materials, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). However, if PVs are to make a significant contribution to satisfy global energy requirements, issues of sustainability and cost will need to be addressed with increased urgency. There is a clea

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Esquivias, I., M. Recio, T. Rodríguez, and J. Sanz-Maudes. "Structural properties of electron beam evaporated zinc sulphide thin films." Vacuum 39, no. 7-8 (1989): 723–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(89)90024-9.

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Jayaramaiah, J. R., R. Shamanth, V. Jayanth, and K. S. Shamala. "Optical investigation on zinc doped cadmium sulphide nanocrystalline thin films." Current Applied Physics 16, no. 7 (2016): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2016.04.011.

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