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Journal articles on the topic 'Film spray'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Shanmugam, Kirubanandan. "Application of Spray Coating in the Fabrication of Free Standing Nanocellulose Films and Barrier Coating on the Paper Substrates." Scientific and Social Research 6, no. 5 (2024): 222–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v6i5.6207.

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Spray coating is a novel concept for fabricating free-standing film and producing barrier coating on paper substrates. The spraying gives comparable efficacy with vacuum filtration in terms of operation time, film quality, and process intensification approach. The smooth films created by spraying nanocellulose onto the polished impermeable surface could serve as a platform for a variety of sustainable functional devices. Finally, the application of spray-coating barriers and nanocellulose films on paper substrates is the focus of the spray-coating concept designed to create smooth nanocellulos

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2

Priyanka, Mohite, Patel Harshil, Patel Mansi, Shah Chainesh, and Upadhyay Umesh. "Film Forming Spray: A Comprehensive Review." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 12 (2023): 1163–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7509312.

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In comparison to traditional topical preparations, film-forming sprays have a number of benefits, including uniform drug distribution and dose, enhanced bioavailability, decreased incidence of irritation, continuous drug release, and quicker wound healing through moisture control. Polymers and excipients used in film-forming sprays work to increase the properties of preparations and the stability of active ingredients. Different excipient and polymer combinations will result in films with various characteristics. The potential for developing compositions of spray film-forming systems has subst

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Fatema, Chinwala*1 Chainesh Shah2 Umesh Upadhyay3. "Optimizing Film-Forming Sprays: Evaluation and Enhancement of Polymers and Excipients for Improved Topical Drug Delivery." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 9 (2024): 187–216. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13647309.

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When compared to traditional topical preparations, film-forming sprays, also known as spray film forming systems (SFFSs), offer a number of benefits, including consistent drug distribution and dosage, enhanced bioavailability, a decreased risk of irritation, continuous drug release, and accelerated wound healing through moisture control. Polymers and excipients are used in film-forming sprays to improve preparation properties and increase the stability of active ingredients. Different features in films will be produced by each type of polymer and excipient. Therefore, in order to create a more

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4

Tahirah Razali, Nur, Khairunisa Kamarudin, Shusei Inaba, Mahshuri Yusof, Yeng Weng Leong, and Varun Vohra. "Effect of Spraying Parameters on the Morphology of Spray-Coated Active Layers for Organic Solar Cells." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16679.

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Over the past decade, organic solar cells (OSCs) have demonstrated their great potential for the low-cost mass production of renewable energy. However, the conventional active layer deposition technique (spin-coating) is not suitable for mass production due to its incompatibility with the roll-to-roll process. Spray-coating is a promising candidate for in-line production of OSCs but parameters such as distance between the spray nozzle and substrate, applied pressure and number of sprays should be optimized to produce adequate film thickness and morphology. Here, we verified how these processin

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5

Kriisa, Merike, Malle Krunks, Erki Kärber, Mart Kukk, Valdek Mikli, and Arvo Mere. "Effect of Solution Spray Rate on the Properties of Chemically Sprayed ZnO:In Thin Films." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/423632.

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ZnO:In thin films were grown from 100 mL of spray solution on glass substrates by chemical spray atTs=400°C using solution spray rates of 0.5–6.7 mL/min. Zinc acetate and indium(III)chloride were used as Zn and In sources, respectively, with [In]/[Zn] = 3 at.%. Independent of solution spray rate, the crystallites in ZnO:In films grow preferentially in the (101) plane parallel to the substrate. The solution spray rate influences the surface morphology, grain size, film thickness, and electrical and optical properties. According to SEM and AFM studies, sharp-edged pyramidal grains and canvas-res

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6

Percival, Glynn, and Gillian Fraser. "The Influence of Commercial Film-Forming Polymers on Reducing Salt Spray Injury in Evergreen Oak ( Quercus ilexL.) and Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.)." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33, no. 3 (2007): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2007.022.

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A field trial was undertaken to determine the influence of four commercially available film-forming polymers (Bond [alkyl phenyl hydroxyl polyoxyethylene], Newman Crop Spray 11E™ [paraffinic oil], Nu-Film P [poly-1-p menthene], and Spray Gard [di-1-p menthene]) on reducing salt spray injury on two woody species, evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) and laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.). Irrespective of species, the film-forming polymers Nu-Film-P and Spay Gard did not provide any significant degree of protection against salt spray damage irrespective of concentration (1% or 2%) applied as measured by

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7

Qu, De Gang, Dong Xiang, Peng Mou, Han Wang, Ying Li Gong, and Nan Liu. "Research on the Relationship between the Spray Overlap Width and the Photoresist Film Thickness and Uniformity." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1308.

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Because of its small average droplet size, low carrier gas flow rate and the droplets not easy to splash etc, the ultrasonic atomizing spray technology is particularly suitable for making photoresist films. In order to get a reasonable spray scan interval, the parabolic deposition model was used to study the relationship between the spray overlap width and the photoresist film thickness and uniformity, and it can be concluded that the thickness of the film increases and the thickness variance of the film decreases oscillatorily along with the increasing of the spray overlap width.To obtain goo

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8

Aulia, Ridha Nurul, and Tubagus Akmal. "Formula Optimization of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract-loaded Film-forming Spray using Box-Behnken Design." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) 5, no. 1 (2025): 47. https://doi.org/10.52365/jecp.v5i1.1325.

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Film-forming sprays are practical and effective in creating a protective film on wounds that evenly distributes active ingredients. Rosmarinic acid in rosemary has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to accelerate wound healing by enhancing macrophage and lymphocyte proliferation and reducing inflammation. This study aims to determine the optimal formulation of a film-forming spray using xanthan gum as a film-forming agent, propylene glycol as a plasticizer, and ethanol as a penetration enhancer. Optimization was carried out using the Box-Behnken design in Design Expert-13, f

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9

Si, Xiuhua April, Muhammad Sami, and Jinxiang Xi. "Liquid Film Translocation Significantly Enhances Nasal Spray Delivery to Olfactory Region: A Numerical Simulation Study." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060903.

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Previous in vivo and ex vivo studies have tested nasal sprays with varying head positions to enhance the olfactory delivery; however, such studies often suffered from a lack of quantitative dosimetry in the target region, which relied on the observer’s subjective perception of color changes in the endoscopy images. The objective of this study is to test the feasibility of gravitationally driven droplet translocation numerically to enhance the nasal spray dosages in the olfactory region and quantify the intranasal dose distribution in the regions of interest. A computational nasal spray testing

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10

Li, Jia-Xin, Yun-Ze Li, En-Hui Li, and Tong Li. "Numerical Investigation on the Thermodynamic Characteristics of a Liquid Film upon Spray Cooling Using an Air-Blast Atomization Nozzle." Entropy 22, no. 3 (2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030308.

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This paper developed a three-dimensional model to simulate the process of atomization and liquid film formation during the air-blast spray cooling technological process. The model was solved using the discrete phase model method. Several factors including the thermodynamic characteristics of the liquid film as well as the spray quality with different spray mass flow rates under different spray heights were numerically investigated and discussed. The results show that the varied spray height has little effect on the Sauter Mean Diameter (d32) of the spray droplet, while the thermodynamic charac

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Ojonugwa Daniel, Thomas, Noble Alu, Goodness Oreoluwa Edaogbogun, Abdulmutolib Olajid, and Orji Amah. "Design and implementation of a microcontroller based electrostatic spray pyrolysis instrument for thin film deposition." International Journal of Physical Research 10, no. 1 (2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpr.v10i1.31933.

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This research is focused on the design and implementation of a microcontroller based electrostatic spray pyrolysis instrument that can sense and regulate temperature change with an alternating current to direct current converter in the range of 220V-1KV AC to 20KV DC for thin film deposition. In spray pyrolysis technique precise management of the spray parameters helps to create good and uniform thin films with ease of reproducibility of film properties. However it is a draw back in the manually operated electrostatic spray pyrolysis instrument mostly used in developing countries of Africa whi

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Patil, G. E., D. D. Kajale, V. B. Gaikwad, and G. H. Jain. "Spray Pyrolysis Deposition of Nanostructured Tin Oxide Thin Films." ISRN Nanotechnology 2012 (July 31, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/275872.

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Nanostructured SnO2 thin films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method. Homemade spray pyrolysis technique is employed to prepare thin films. SnO2 is wide bandgap semiconductor material whose film is deposited on glass substrate using aqueous solution of SnCl4·5H2O as a precursor. XRD (X-ray diffraction), UV (ultraviolet visible spectroscopy), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis are done for structural, optical, surface morphological, and compositional analysis. XRD analysis shows polycrystalline nature of sampl

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13

Ismail, Raid A., Sa’ad Ghafori, and Rafal S. Sichat. "Characteristics Study of Nanostructured CdO Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 53 (July 2015): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.53.165.

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In this paper, nanostructured cadmium oxide films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique.The structural, morphological and optical characteristics of synthesized films are investigated as function of concentration .AFM results revealed that the root mean square of surface roughness is increased with cadmium concentration. XRD investigation confirmed that the films are polycrystalline with cubic structure. SEM study displayed that the synthesized films have particle size in the range of 25-100nm depending on cadmium ion concentration. The optical properties revealed the films have

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14

Ismail, Raid A., Sa’ad Ghafori, and Rafal S. Sichat. "Characteristics Study of Nanostructured CdO Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 53 (July 1, 2015): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-zggv1o.

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In this paper, nanostructured cadmium oxide films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique.The structural, morphological and optical characteristics of synthesized films are investigated as function of concentration .AFM results revealed that the root mean square of surface roughness is increased with cadmium concentration. XRD investigation confirmed that the films are polycrystalline with cubic structure. SEM study displayed that the synthesized films have particle size in the range of 25-100nm depending on cadmium ion concentration. The optical properties revealed the films have

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15

Bishop, Matthew, Bamidele Akinwolemiwa, Lun Zhang, Chuang Peng, and Di Hu. "Morphological, optical and electrical properties of spray coated zinc ethyl xanthates for decomposition within a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) matrix." E3S Web of Conferences 80 (2019): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198003012.

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This work investigates the deposition of hybrid layers, for next generation in energy conversion, via spray coating. Understanding the effect that this deposition procedure has on these layers could lead to the rapid development of these technologies, for both laboratory applications and commercialisation. Synthesised zinc ethyl xanthate and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) was spray-coated on substrates and heated to a temperature of 160 °C, to the hybrid film. Optical, morphological and conductive properties of these films were investigated and linked to the spray coating duration. It was rev

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16

Tian, Huayu, Jun Wang, Ran Zhang, et al. "Experimental Study on Macroscopic Spray and Fuel Film Characteristics of E40 in a Constant Volume Chamber." Energies 16, no. 22 (2023): 7488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16227488.

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In the modern industrial field, there is a strong emphasis on energy-saving and emission reduction. Increasing the amount of ethanol in ethanol–gasoline blends has the potential to replace fossil fuel gasoline more effectively, improving energy efficiency and lowering emissions. The interaction between liquid fuel film generation on the piston crown and spray impingement in the combustion chamber in the setting of GDI engines has a substantial impact on particle emissions and engine combustion. In this study, 92# gasoline and ethanol by volume are combined to create the ethanol–gasoline blend

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17

Zheng, Tian Liang, Xuan Wang, Ying Bo Li, and Bing Qing Chen. "Fluorinated Acrylic Films: Effect of F Content on Aging and Corrosion Testing." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 2237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.2237.

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Four fluorinated polyacrylate dispersions, which based on chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), acrylic acid (AA), vinyl acetate (VAc) and ethenyltriethoxysilane (ETOS) as monomers, are synthesized by free radical polymerization. The influence of xenon lamp and UV-light aging on the film with the fluorine content is discussed. The effect of salt-spray corrosion before and after UV-light aging with F wt% of film is also studied. The results show that low surface energy of high fluorine content film can retard salt-spray corrosion compared with no or low fluorine content films.

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18

Raj, C. S. A., S. Sebastian, and Susai Rajendran. "A review on Spray pyrolysis deposited CZTS thin films for solar cell applications." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 09 (2021): 1196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09681.

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Cu2ZnSnS4 generally abridged as CZTS is a potential material for economical thin film solar cells, due to its appropriate band gap energy of around 1.5 eV and great absorption coefficient of above 104 cm-1. All the constituents of this material are plentiful in the earth’s crust, and they are non-hazardous making it an elegant alternative. Subsequent to the early achievement of the CZTS based solar cell with its light to electrical conversion efficiency of 0.6%, significant advancement in this research area has been attained, particularly in the last seven years. Currently, the conversion effe

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19

Dundar, Ibrahim, Arvo Mere, Valdek Mikli, Malle Krunks, and Ilona Oja Acik. "Thickness Effect on Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Thin Films Fabricated by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (2020): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091058.

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In this study, TiO2 thin films were deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis from solutions with concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 M. The deposition temperature was adjusted at 350 °C and all samples were annealed at 500 °C for 1 h in air. The thickness of TiO2 films was changed in the range of 50 to ca. 800 nm by varying the number of spray cycles from 1 to 21 and the solution concentration. The results showed that the mean crystallite size of the anatase structure, the surface roughness, and light absorption increased with the film thickness. The effect of film thickness on the photocatalytic act

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20

Ren, Yang, Gao Yang Zhao, and Jie Shen. "Preparation of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Film by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.594.

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Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) film is one of the most promising transparent conducting materials. It can be used for Low-E glasses, thin film solar cells, displays, etc. FTO film can be fabricated by various techniques. The technique of sol-gel combined with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis gives the possibility to produce high-quality large-scale FTO films. In this paper, the FTO sol is successfully prepared using pentahydrate stannic chloride (SnCl4•5H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF) and methanol. Using the FTO sol, FTO films are prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD

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21

Shanmugam, Kirubanandan, Narendhar Chandrasekar, and Ramachandran Balaji. "Barrier Performance of Spray Coated Cellulose Nanofibre Film." Micro 3, no. 1 (2023): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micro3010014.

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Cellulose nanofibre (CNF) is the sustainable nanomaterial used for developing high-performance barrier materials that are renewable, recyclable, and biodegradable. The CNF film has very low oxygen permeability; however, its water vapor permeability is significantly higher than that of conventional packaging plastics. The fabrication method influences their barrier properties of the film. A spray-coating CNF on a stainless-steel plate was developed to form a compact film with two unique surfaces, namely a smooth layer on the base side and rough layer on the free side. It improves both the ease

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Li, Sijun, Donghui Kou, Shufen Zhang, and Wei Ma. "Large-Area Fabrication of Structurally Colored and Humidity Sensitive Composite Nanofilm via Ultrasonic Spray-Coating." Polymers 13, no. 21 (2021): 3768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213768.

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Intelligent structural colors have received extensive attention in recent years due to their diverse applications. However, the large-area, uniform, and cost-effective fabrication of ultra-thin structural color films is still challenging. Here, for the first time, we design and employ an ultrasonic spray-coating technique with non-toxic, green nano-silica and polyvinylpyrrolidone as raw materials, to prepare structural color films on silicon wafers. Due to the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone, the coffee-ring effect during droplet drying is suppressed and uniform composite films are formed. We

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Zhu, G.-S., R. D. Reitz, J. Xin, and T. Takabayashi. "Modelling characteristics of gasoline wall films in the intake port of port fuel injection engines." International Journal of Engine Research 2, no. 4 (2001): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1468087011545451.

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Models were developed to describe the vaporization of well-mixed wall films of multi-component engine fuels based on continuous thermodynamics and applied to describing multi-component fuel spray-wall interactions. All the models were implemented into the KIVA3V Release 2.0 code. Validation calculations were conducted for pulsed injection cases and compared with experimental wall film thickness data under different air-fuel ratios and inflow conditions in an inclined pipe, which simulates an intake port of port fuel injection engines. Calculations with single-component iso-octane fuel were als

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Símonarson, Gunnar, Antiope Lotsari, and Anders E. C. Palmqvist. "Spray Deposition Synthesis of Locally Ordered Mesoporous Polycrystalline Titania Films at Low Temperature." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2022): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010303.

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A low-temperature spray deposition synthesis was developed to prepare locally hexagonally ordered mesoporous titania films with polycrystalline anatase pore walls in an evaporation-induced self-assembly process. The titania film preparation procedure is conducted completely at temperatures below 50 °C. The effects of spray time, film thickness, synthesis time prior to spray deposition, and aging time at high relative humidity after deposition on the atomic arrangement and the mesoorder of the mesoporous titania were studied. We find the crystallite size to depend on both the synthesis time and

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Wang, Tingting, Bingguo Xue, Hao Cui, et al. "Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis and Photoluminescence of LuAG:Ce Thin Films." Materials 15, no. 7 (2022): 2577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072577.

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LuAG:Ce (Lu3Al5O12:Ce) is one of the most important color converters in white lighting industry. Especially, LuAG:Ce film attracts more attention due to the outstanding advantages, such as the efficient heat dissipation, the saving of rare earth, and so on. Here, LuAG:Ce film on sapphire was successfully prepared by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process. The phase, microstructure and photoluminescence of LuAG:Ce films were investigated. LuAG:Ce films had a thickness of around 5 μm, which were well crystallized at 1000 °C in air atmosphere to form the typical garnet structure. Under the protec

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Ahn, K., B. W. Wessels, and S. Sampath. "Dielectric properties of plasma-spray-deposited BaTiO3 and Ba0.68Sr0.32TiO3 thick films." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 5 (2003): 1227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0168.

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The dielectric properties of high-k dielectric BaTiO3 and Ba0.68Sr0.32TiO3 thick films deposited on alumina substrates using a plasma-spray process were investigated. The as-deposited films were predominantly crystalline but contained an amorphous second phase, the amount of which depended on spray conditions. The effect of the spray conditions on crystallinity was studied and related to the dielectric properties of the films. The presence of a low dielectric constant interfacial layer in plasma-spray-deposited films was determined from the dependence of the dielectric constant on film thickne

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D, Nagamalleswari, and B. Kishore Kumar Y. "Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Film Solar Cells Using Chemical Synthesis." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 28 (2022): 1399–405. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i28.194.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cell is fabricated by using the chemical spray pyrolysis method. <strong>Method:</strong> CZTS thin films were successfully deposited by employing the eco-friendly and cost-effective chemical spray pyrolysis method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy are used to investigate the structural properties of the prepared samples. The surface morphology of the deposited films is studied using a scanning electron microscope. An energy dispersive spectrometer is used to know the chemical compositions of the depos

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Balasubramanyam, M. S., C. P. Chen, and H. P. Trinh. "A New Finite-Conductivity Droplet Evaporation Model Including Liquid Turbulence Effect." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 8 (2006): 1082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2737481.

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A new approach to account for finite thermal conductivity and turbulence effects within atomizing droplets of an evaporating spray is presented in this paper. The model is an extension of the T-blob and T-TAB atomization/spray model of Trinh and Chen [Atomization and Sprays, 16(6), pp. 907–932]. This finite conductivity model is based on the two-temperature film theory in which the turbulence characteristics of the droplet are used to estimate the effective thermal diffusivity for the liquid-side film thickness. Both one-way and two-way coupled calculations were performed to investigate the pe

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Mahajan, C. M., A. G. Godbole, S. P. Gumfekar, S. H. Sonawane, and M. G. Takwale. "Characterization of Transparent Conducting Al:ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis." Advanced Materials Research 67 (April 2009): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.67.103.

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Nanocrystalline undoped and Al doped ZnO thin films were synthesized by the chemical spray pyrolysis of Zinc acetate and Aluminium chloride solution. The optoelectronic properties of undoped and Al:ZnO films were investigated. The XRD patterns of films were preferably oriented along c-axis [0 0 2] plane with the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The Al-doping caused no additional X-ray diffraction peaks when compared with XRD of undoped film, indicating Al2O3 content was below the detection limit. The crystallite size of undoped and Al doped film was 48 nm and 51nm respectively, as measured from X

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Shi, Tongjun, Jiangmin Xu, Jie Cui, et al. "Variable Velocity Coating Thickness Distribution Model for Super-Large Planar Robot Spraying." Coatings 13, no. 8 (2023): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081434.

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This study proposed a dynamic optimization method for spray gun flow to address the issue of uneven film thickness in the acceleration and deceleration section of the z-shaped spray trajectory in large plane ship segments. The method takes into account the acceleration and deceleration section of the spray trajectory and improves the film thickness distribution. The study first established a static vertical spray coating growth model of the spray gun without considering the acceleration and deceleration of the spray trajectory. Then, we used an integral method to optimize the coating uniformit

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Wu, Guang Ming, Zhi Qian Zhang, Yan Ying Zhu, Yang Cao, Yang Zhou, and Guang Jian Xing. "Study of Transmittance of CdS Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1011.

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Cadmium chloride and thiourea were used as raw materials to synthesize precursor solution, and CdS thin films were prepared on glass substrates by the home-made spray pyrolysis thin-film preparation device.Affects of preparation parameters, for example, the substrate temperature and fog particle velocity on the structure of CdS thin films were emphatically studied in the paper. The results showed that the optimum conditions for preparation of CdS thin films are as follows: the substrate temperature 350 °C, the gas flow rate 4L/min, and the annealing temperature 400 °C. Under the optimum condit

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Stumpf, Bastian, Jeanette Hussong, and Ilia V. Roisman. "Drop Impact onto a Substrate Wetted by Another Liquid: Flow in the Wall Film." Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 4 (2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040058.

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The impact of a drop onto a liquid film is relevant for many natural phenomena and industrial applications such as spray painting, inkjet printing, agricultural sprays, or spray cooling. In particular, the height of liquid remaining on the substrate after impact is of special interest for painting and coating but also for applications involving heat transfer from the wall. While much progress has been made in explaining the hydrodynamics of drop impact onto a liquid film of the same liquid, the physics of drop impact onto a wall film with different material properties is still not well underst

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Zama, Yoshio, Hiroyasu Eriguchi, and Tomohiko Furuhata. "Effect Of Wavy Structure Of Liquid Film On Flow Characteristics Of Impingement Jet Flowing On Fuel Liquid Film." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 21 (July 8, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.21st.104.

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In recent years, diesel engines have been downsized in order to improve combustion efficiency by using high-pressure injection to atomize the fuel and to increase fuel economy. As a result, the diesel spray flame inevitably impinges on the combustion chamber wall, resulting in heat loss due to heat transfer between the flame and the wall. According to Newton's cooling law, the heat transferred from the flame to the wall is proportional to the heat transfer coefficient, which is closely related to the flow of the spray flame. However, there are few reports on the flow of a spray flame impinging

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Yano, Ayako, Kyoichi Hamada, and Kenji Amagai. "Evaluation of Coating Film Formation Process Using the Fluorescence Method." Coatings 11, no. 9 (2021): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091076.

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In this paper, we invented a novel observation method of the coating film formation process using the fluorescence method. With this method, the temporal change in the coating film thickness can be evaluated quantitatively. In addition, since the thickness and flow of the coating film can be measured simultaneously, the detailed coating film formation process was clarified. In the experiment, the adhesion behavior of the spray-paint droplets when applied to a wall was investigated. The characteristics of coating films formed by the spray droplets, particularly the influence of injection pressu

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JANAKIRAMAN, V., V. TAMILNAYAGAM, R. S. SUNDARARAJAN, S. SIVABALAN, and B. SATHYASEELAN. "PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TIN OXIDE THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 15, no. 3 (2020): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2020.153.849.

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In this article, tin oxide film is deposited onto glass substrates at 350ºC by spray pyrolysis technique. The nature of nanoparticles is investigated using X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transforms infrared spectra. XRD studies are shown that the thin film orientations along (110), (101), (200), (211), (220), (310), (301), and (321) planes. The phase structure is polycrystalline with tetragonal rutile. The average crystallite sizes are determined. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that SnO2 thin film with irregular grains and irregular shapes w

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Kristan Mioč, Ekatarina, and Helena Otmačić Ćurković. "Protective films of stearic and octadecylphosphonic acid formed by spray coating." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (2020): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.739.

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Spray coating formation of stearic and octadecylphosphonic acid films for corrosion protection of cupronickel alloy was studied in this work as a more practical alternative to widely studied dip-coating method. Protective properties of organic films formed under various experimental conditions were examined by electrochemical studies in 3% NaCl solution as a corrosive medium. Polarization resistance measurements as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to follow in time the corrosion behaviour of cupronickel alloy modified by studied organic acids. It was found that amo

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R, Suresh, Subash S, Thirumal Valavan K, Justin Paul M, and Indira Priyadharshini T. "TiO2 thin films: Impact of substrate temperature on structural and morphological properties." NanoNEXT 1, no. 1 (2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/nnxt2014.

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Smooth and white spherical shaped TiO2 thin films are successfully deposited by Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis (NSP) technique. The TiO2 thin films are characterized by XRD, SEM, DRS, PL and I-V analysis. Anatase phase polycrystalline tetragonal structure with preferential orientation along (1 0 1) direction obtained form XRD. The expansion and contraction of Ti-O bonds leads to a high crystalline nature with its purity at 289 nm. The absorbance increases with substrate temperature due to the decrease of film thickness, packing density and shrinkage of spray droplets. TiO2 thin films indicate that

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Akinsola, S. I., K. S. Adedayo, A. B. Alabi, D. B. Olanrewaju, A. A. Ajayi, and O. A. Babalola. "Spray Pyrolysed Nanostructured Gold-Doped Tin Oxide (Auto) Thin Films." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 4 (2021): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i4.12.

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Nanostructured SnO2 thin films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method. Homemade spray pyrolysis technique is employed to prepare thin films. SnO2 is wide band gap semiconductor material whose film is deposited on glass substrate. A gold nanoparticle-doped tin oxide thin film (AuTO) was also prepared. UV-VIS (ultraviolet visible) spectroscopy and four-point probe analysis are done for optical and electrical analysis. UV-Visible absorption spectra show that the band gap of SnO2 thin film is 3.78 eV and 3.82 eV for AuTO. Band gap of SnO2 thin film can be tuned that it can be used

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Pranisha, S. "Preparation and Characterization Studies of CU2SnS3 Thin Film using Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Technique for Solar Cell Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 8 (2024): 1084–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64047.

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Low-cost ternary chalcogenide is produced using technologies like ultrasonic pyrolysis spray method. A thin film of Cu2SnS3 which is doused with the substrate of glass temperature by altering the temperature from 330 C to 550 C. As the temperature increases, the amorphous phase of the thin layer of Cu2SnS3 crystal structure is discovered to shift to tetragonal phase. Using this above technique Cu2SnS3 chalcogenide thin film were deposited at temperature of substrate, varying from 300 C to 550 C in increment of 50 C, utilizing affordable, computerized pyrolysis using ultrasonic spray processes.

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Sanches, M., A. S. H. O. Moita, and M. R. O. Panão. "Potential Contamination Of High-Speed Dental Handpiece By Spray Impact On The Mouth Surface." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 20 (July 11, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.20th.200.

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Portable dentistry devices allow medical dentists to perform procedures on patients in their homes. However, considering the recent pandemic context, these procedures raise concerns regarding the potential of infection since high-speed dental handpieces use water sprays to cool the rotating tool. The water spray droplets impacting the mouth of an infected patient can, thus, become a contamination source. Therefore, to produce reliable data to develop numerical models of aerosol propagation, this work uses a Phase-Doppler Interferometer to characterize the water spray before impact and the appl

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Ding, Carl-Philipp, David Vuilleumier, Namho Kim, David L. Reuss, Magnus Sjöberg, and Benjamin Böhm. "Effect of engine conditions and injection timing on piston-top fuel films for stratified direct-injection spark-ignition operation using E30." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 2 (2019): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419869785.

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Mid-level ethanol/gasoline blends can provide knock resistance benefits for stoichiometric spark-ignition engine operation, but previous studies have identified challenges associated with spray impingement and wall wetting, leading to excessive particulate matter emissions. At the same time, stratified-charge spark-ignition operation can provide increased thermal efficiency, but care has to be exercised to avoid excessive in-cylinder soot formation. In support of the use of mid-level ethanol/gasoline blends in advanced spark-ignition engines, this study presents spray and fuel-film measurement

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Silva, Clara L. e., Bárbara H. S. Miranda, Maria L. Vilela, et al. "Surface Treatment of Flexible Barrier Film for Improved Stability of Organic Photovoltaic Mini Modules." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 4, no. 3 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2203023.

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The lifetime and stability of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are the key factors that influence the technology used to scale up and commercialize OPVs. High-performing and reliable devices are used to fabricate the devices of choice. Materials and methods that can be used to prevent the degradation of organic materials, enabling better OPV applications, are being increasingly researched in recent years. Herein, we present the surface modification process of a commercial, flexible barrier film based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A sol-gel deposition method was used to modify the surface. T

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Yang, Changyu, Xun Yuan, Fang Wang, et al. "Exploration of Tunnel Lining Falling Block Remediation Using Polyurea Material." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2023 (May 17, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9190865.

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Tunnel lining falling blocks can cause great threats to traffic safety, resulting in traffic interruptions or speed limits and endangering operational safety. Traditional lining disease remediation measures have low efficiency and high costs and are time consuming. Combining the research methods used in the literature, indoor testing, and model experiments, a very normal material, namely, polyurea spray film material, is proposed as a means by which to remediate the lining falling block disease in tunnels. A 1 : 1 tunnel lining structure model was established at the site, and four experimental

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Y B, Kishore Kumar, Suresh Babu G, Swapna Smitha A S, Surya Sekhar Reddy M, and Kiran Y B. "Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Film Solar Cell Construction Using Chemical Technique." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 39, no. 6 (2023): 1613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/390622.

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Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) presents itself as a potential quaternary semiconductor absorber layer in the field of thin film heterojunction solar cells. The conventional spray pyrolysis method has been used in the present investigation. X-ray diffraction results confirm the structure of the deposited films as kesterite. The lattice parameters are determined to be a = 0.5436 nm and c = 1.0856 nm. The material exhibits an energy gap of 1.5 eV and an optical absorption coefficient exceeding 104 /cm. CZTS films exhibit a p-type nature. The deposited films are kept on the hot surface for some time after the c

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Schmiedel, Bernhard, and Frank Gauterin. "Tire Splash and Spray Directly before and during Hydroplaning." Tire Science and Technology 47, no. 2 (2019): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.18.460406.

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ABSTRACT Wet roads can have a serious impact on tire traction. There are several ways of detecting wet roads; however, almost all of them come with disadvantages. Using the splash and spray behavior of the tire can offer a solution. To identify key parameters that influence splash and spray, we used high-speed cameras to record tires rolling on an internal drum tire test bench. The key parameters were water film thickness, speed, and profile geometry (tread pattern and tread depth). Our image-processing analysis showed three main effects in the splash and spray behavior that help to characteri

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Patil, Deepak Rajaram, Venkateswarlu Annapureddy, J. Kaarthik, Atul Thakre, Jun Akedo, and Jungho Ryu. "Piezoelectric Thick Film Deposition via Powder/Granule Spray in Vacuum: A Review." Actuators 9, no. 3 (2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9030059.

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Conventional thin-film processing techniques remain inadequate for obtaining superior dense ceramic thick films. The incompatibility of ceramic films prepared via other methods, such as screen printing, spin coating, and sputtering, is a major obstacle in the fabrication of thick film-based ceramic electronic components. The granule spray in vacuum (GSV) processes and aerosol deposition (AD) are important coating approaches for forming dense ceramic thick films featuring nanoscale crystallite structures at room temperature, which offer excellent material properties and facilitate cost-effectiv

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Sulhadi, Siti Hidayatur Rofi'ah, Siti Wahyuni, Muqoyyanah, and Putut Marwoto. "Pengaruh Tekanan Spray terhadap Sifat Optik dan Listrik Film Tipis ZnO:Mg dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Spray Pyrolysis." JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) 13, no. 2 (2024): 307–16. https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v13i2.81644.

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Telah berhasil ditumbuhkan film tipis ZnO doping Mg pada substrat kaca menggunakan metode Microwave Assisted Spray Pyrolysis. Deposisi penyemprotan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan tekanan spray nitrogen, yaitu sebesar 1,4; 2,1; 2,8; 3,5; dan 4,2 kg/cm2 untuk menganalisis sifat optik dan listrik sampel. Hasil uji UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa absorbansi film tipis semakin tinggi seiring dengan bertambahnya tekanan dengan hasil analisis transmitansi antara 19%-73% dan band gap antara 2,5 eV-3,2 eV. Hasil analisis karakterisasi IV-meter menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tekanan spray nitrogen semakin ti

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Seifelnasr, Amr, Mohamed Talaat, Pranav Ramaswamy, Xiuhua April Si, and Jinxiang Xi. "A Supine Position and Dual-Dose Applications Enhance Spray Dosing to the Posterior Nose: Paving the Way for Mucosal Immunization." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (2023): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020359.

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Delivering vaccines to the posterior nose has been proposed to induce mucosal immunization. However, conventional nasal devices often fail to deliver sufficient doses to the posterior nose. This study aimed to develop a new delivery protocol that can effectively deliver sprays to the caudal turbinate and nasopharynx. High-speed imaging was used to characterize the nasal spray plumes. Three-dimensional-printed transparent nasal casts were used to visualize the spray deposition within the nasal airway, as well as the subsequent liquid film formation and translocation. Influencing variables consi

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S S, Omprakash, and Naveen Kumar S K. "Impact of Deposition Temperature on Amorphous Zinc Oxide Thin Film Characteristics." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 12, no. 5 (2021): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2021.05.04.

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In this paper, we discuss the deposition of amorphous zinc oxide (a: ZnO) thin film at two different temperatures by spray pyrolysis unit for Thin Film Transistor (TFT) application. The a: ZnO films were studied for its structural, morphology, composition, optical and electrical properties by means of XRD, SEM, EDAX, UV-Visible spectroscopy and I-V measurement system respectively. The film thickness characterized by optical Profilometer. The SEM images exhibit the variation in temperature leads to the crystallinity of the film. The XRD spectrum confirmed the films were amorphous in nature.

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Jafarmadar, Samad, Shram Khalilarya, Sina Shafee, and Ramin Barzegar. "Modeling the effect of spray/wall impingement on combustion process and emission of DI diesel engine." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903023j.

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This work is presented to study the effect of spray impinging on the combustion process and emissions in a direct injection diesel engine at various engine speeds. Computations are carried out using a three-dimensional modeling for sprays, spray-wall interactions, flow field, emission, and combustion process. Results indicate an increase in engine speed leads to increased spray impinging (wall film formation), turbulence intensity and average wall temperature in cylinder. The enhanced air/fuel mixing and intensified evaporation of wall film decreases soot emission by reducing the extent of the

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