Journal articles: 'Filter cloth'

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Werner, Roman Alejandro, Dominik Ulrich Geier, and Thomas Becker. "The Challenge of Cleaning Woven Filter Cloth in the Beverage Industry—Wash Jets as an Appropriate Solution." Food Engineering Reviews 12, no. 4 (July 24, 2020): 520–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12393-020-09228-x.

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Abstract Beverage production requires many different and complex unit operations. One crucial procedural step is filtration. Typical filters are filter presses, candle filters, membrane filters, belt filters, and drum filters, which require considerable hygienic precaution and the application of appropriate cleaning concepts. In the last decades, the hygienic design has become a central design feature of equipment in the beverage and food industries. Today, also correspondent concepts regarding filter cloth increasingly come to the fore. However, filter cloth cleaning is rapidly facing limitations. Complex filter geometries originating from different gauzes and sensitive polymeric materials hinder efficient cleaning. Additionally, extensive biological residues adhering to the filter surface increase the challenge of cleaning. The goal of this paper is to outline the cleaning of woven filter cloths systematically with a particular focus on beverages and correspondent biophysical interactions between filter and residue. Based on these elemental cleaning limits of filter cloths, this paper focuses mainly on jet cleaning as one of the most appropriate cleaning methods. The flow-mechanical properties are discussed in detail since these are precisely the parameters that, on the one hand, describe the understanding of the cleaning process and, on the other hand, show how a wash jet can be adjusted precisely. In contrast to conventional cleaning techniques, such wash jets are expeditious to adapt and offer the best prerequisites to enable demand-oriented and optimized cleaning concepts. The latest research and approaches are enhancing jet efficiency and highlight their potentials for future process strategies.

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Mao, Cheng Dong. "Effect of Fabric Construction on Water Permeability Rate of Woven Filter Cloth." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.48.

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In order to explore the filtration performance of woven filter cloth to provide a design basis for filter cloth, the relationship of water permeability of filter cloth and fabric structural parameters is analyzed and studied by measuring the mass of water through the filter cloth within a specified time. The results show that water permeability rate of filter cloth decreases with the increase of fabric tightness, and the two assume the exponential function relationship. The relationship between yarn twist and water permeability rate assumes the linear positive correlation. The increase of yarn twist makes water permeability rate of filter cloth increase. The effect of textile weave on water permeability of filter cloth is that the water permeability rate of plain weave is the smallest and that of twill weave is the biggest.

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Evmenov, Sergey, Galina Evmenova, and Vladimir Tretyakov. "Complex analysis of polymer wastes in coal enrichment for the purpose of their utilization." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401038.

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At ‘wet’ methods of minerals processing in order to dewater flotation concentrates, flotation waste and low-ash coal slurry, highly effi- cient equipment is used such as disk vacuum filters, belt filter presses, etc. On the filter surfaces of these machines, a filter cloth made of poly- caproamide fiber is attached or put on, which eventually goes out-of use for various reasons and is transported to dumps (landfills). The paper pre- sents a complex of physical and chemical analyses to evaluate influence of operating conditions of the filter cloth on the thermal and technological properties of the polymer. The results of the study showed a possibility of re-processing (recycling) of the out-of use filter material from vacuum fil- ters in order to obtain marketable recycled polycaproamide.

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Rocha, Sandra Mara Santana, C. B. Vasconcelos, Luiz Gustavo Martins Vieira, M. L. Aguiar, and João Jorge Ribeiro Damasceno. "The Influence of the Velocity of Filtration in the Formation and Removal the Dust Cake." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.46.

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The effective filtration area determined in a design of fabric filter depends on the filtration velocity, also known as air-to-cloth ratio that will be used. Low filtration velocities may demand big effective filtration areas. But then high filtration velocities may wear the filters out early. By searching for more efficient and economic equipments, this paper investigated the influence of the filtration velocity by formatting and removing the dust cake. Concluding that filtering at higher velocities a higher penetration of particles in the filter media occurs. Decreasing the filtration time and increasing the number which regenerates the cloth, consequently decreasing the life cycle of the filters.

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Farid, Muh, and Emenda Sembiring. "The Effect Of Top-Loading Washing Operational Setting On Microplastic Fibers Released From Cloth During The Washing Process And Filtered By Filter Cloth." Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 3, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v3i1.199.

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Microplastics have been commonly found in wastewater, especially from laundry waste and wastewater treatment. Efforts to prevent microplastics in domestic washing activities are important so that microplastics can be removed from the source. The washing machine filters can collect most of the microplastic fibers before the water reaches the WWTP. The research carried out aimed to determine the effect of washing machine spin speed, operation time, and the intensity of repeated washing of textile materials on the microplastics released during the washing process as well as the influence of filter cloth porosity, operation time, and the intensity of repeated washing of textile materials on the filter cloth's ability in the filtering process of microplastic. There are three main stages in this research, the preparation stage, the research stage which consists of running the reactor to identify microplastics released during the washing process, running the reactor to determine the ability of the filter cloth to filter microplastics, and identifying microplastics. The data generated from the test is analyzed using a regression multiple linear. The results of identifying the amount of microplastic released from all samples had an average concentration of 281.24 particles/L and the average amount of microplastic filtered by the filter cloth was 78.8 mg/cycle. Spin speed, operation time, and washing repetition intensity simultaneously influence the released microplastics by 93.5%. The size of the filter cloth mesh, operation time, and the intensity of repeated washing simultaneously influence the filtered microplastics by 86.4%.

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Ringer, Coral N., Rebecca J. Engberg, Kristen E. Carlin, Kellie J. Micheletti, Dianna L. Shankland, and Robert M. DiBlasi. "Assessment of mask efficiency for preventing transmission of airborne illness through aerosols and water vapor." Gates Open Research 5 (July 20, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13318.1.

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Background: Currently the Center for Disease Control has advised the use of face coverings to prevent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to those who are unvaccinated. This study seeks to evaluate if cloth masks have increased efficiency with the addition of a filter material. Methods: An adult airway and test lung model were exposed to nebulized ‘coarse’ aerosol droplets (0.5-11 µm) and humidified ‘fine’ water vapor particles (0.03-0.05 µm). Aerosol was quantified based on particles deposited on the face, airway and lung model. Tracheal humidity levels characterized fine particle permeability. Both phases of testing were conducted by evaluating the following testing conditions: 1) no mask; 2) cloth mask; 3) cloth mask with Swiffer™ filter; 4) cloth mask with Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) 15 filter; 4) cloth mask with PM2.5 filter 5) surgical mask and 6) N95 respirator. Results: All mask conditions provided greater filtration from coarse particles when compared to no mask (P<0.05). All cloth mask with filter combinations were better at stopping fine particles in comparison to no mask. A cloth mask without a filter and surgical mask performed similarly to no mask with fine particles (P<0.05). The cloth mask with MERV 15 filter and the surgical mask performed similarly to the N95 with course particles, while the cloth mask with Swiffer™ performed similarly to the N95 with the fine particles (P<0.05). Conclusions: Respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are spread through exposure to respiratory secretions that are aerosolized by infected individuals. The findings from this study suggest that a mask can filter these potentially infectious airborne particles.

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Li, Zheng, Zi Jian He, Ying Cheng Zhou, Yi Tang, Yu Fang Chen, and Tao Jin. "Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Hydrophobic Modification of Cotton Filter Cloth by ARGET-ATRP Mechanism." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1407.

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In this paper, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used in the activating process of cotton filter cloth to improve its further hydrophobic modification reaction between cotton fabric and 1-octadecene via an electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) mechanism. The major influences of DMSO on ARGET-ATRP process was discussed, and meanwhile, the microstructure changes, morphology feature and performance characteristics of cotton filter cloth during the reaction was explored by the SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD and TGA techniques.The result shows that DMSO can leads to cotton fibers adhesion and surface roughening under the ARGET-ATRP grafting reaction conditions, but has little changes on the crystal form, crystallinity and thermal properties of cellulose. At a DMSO dosage of 10%, the hydrophobically modified cotton filter cloth has a water contact angle (CA) of up to 141°. While naturally placed for 1 hour, the CA of hydrophobically modified cotton filter cloth can be stable at 116° with a decay rate of 17.5%, which proves that the hydrophobic stability of cotton filter cloth has been improved markedly. Furthermore, a better improvement for the hydrophobic stability of cotton filter cloth will significantly enhance the application of hydrophobic functional modified cellulosic materials.

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Ginisty, P., B. Legoff, J. Olivier, J. Vaxelaire, H. Tabuteau, and J. Paixao. "Measurement of adhesion strengths and energy between calcium carbonate cake and filter cloth." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.003.

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Various devices in liquid-solid separation require mechanical cake discharge using different technologies. An incomplete cake discharge causes yield losses, cycle time increase, irregular cake formation, high mechanical constraints which decrease medium life time, excess consumption of cleaning liquors…. Currently, cake discharge is only assessed qualitatively by observations of filter cloth after discharge or quantitatively by weighing recovered solids. A prototype has been developed to carry out reliable and repeatable measurements by removing filter cloth from filter cake by shearing. This study presents results of experiments performed with calcium carbonate (which forms sticky cakes) and discusses the conditions of cake formation and cake detachment from filter cloth. It highlights the role of two main parameters: filter cloth characteristics and pressure.

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Li, Ling Yue, A. Tao Dou, Xue Shuai Zhu, Da Hu Li, and Lu Bin Wei. "The Effect of Gas Distributor Settings on the Separation Characteristics of Air-Dense Medium Fluidized Bed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.657.

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Sintered board and porous board was used to be gas distributor of air-dense medium fluidized bed in the experiment, the influence of different gas distributor settings to fluidization and separation characteristics was investigated; The results showed that, under the same conditions, the pressure drop of sintered board gas distributor is greater than porous board gas distributor. The pressure drop of gas distributor is proportional to the layers of filter cloth and air volume. The uniformity and stability of sintered board gas distributor with 1 layer filter cloth is bad, sintered board gas distributor with 2 layers filter cloth and porous board gas distributor with 5 or 6 layers filter cloth can obtain a better fluidizing effect; Conducting separation experiment on fat coal of 50 ~13mm under the suitable air volume, porous board gas distributor with 5 layers filter cloth has the best separation accuracy, and its probable error Ep value is 0.05 g/cm3.

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Grabbe, U., C. F. Seyfried, and K. H. Rosenwinkel. "Upgrading of waste water treatment plants by cloth-filtration using an improved type of filter-cloth." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 9 (May 1, 1998): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0351.

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In order to reach in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants values for phosphorous below 0,5 mg P/l and for the suspended solids below 5 mg SS/1, a filtration stage is necessary in almost all instances. Apart from conventional deep-bed porous media filters (gravity filters), cloth filtration systems offer a viable alternative because of the low head loss, and their low price. The use of pile fabrics instead of conventional needle felt solves the crucial problem of cloth filtration: the considerable increase of cloth resistance due to the irreversible soiling. Cloth filtration plants equipped with this filter media allow for considerably higher hydraulic strains and for higher surface loads with a separation performance on the same level as reached by conventional systems. If the problem of clogging is solved as well, it should be possible to use pile fabrics with even finer filaments on a pile of micro-fibres, which would further increase the effluent quality.

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Lv, Chen, Zhi Li Zhong, Hong Jie Zhang, Na Zhang, and Hua Wu Liu. "The Influence of Heat Setting on Polypropylene Woven Filter Cloth." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.771.

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In order to study the change of the filter cloth and the change of supramolecular structure after heat setting, two groups of filtering cloths were produced using polypropylene monofilament, Scanning electron microscope, IR Spectrometer FTIR and differential scanning calorimeter were used to observe the structure variation before and after heat setting. It was found that the fabrics in different groups exhibited significantly different surface structures, after heat setting. In addition, the infrared spectrogram and DSC data revealed that supramolecular structure of polypropylene fiber did not change after heat setting, since no new chemical bond was observed after heat setting.

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LeBlond, Guillaume, Patrick M. D'Aoust, Chris Kinsley, and Robert Delatolla. "Wastewater lagoon solids, phosphorus, and algae removal using discfiltration." Water Quality Research Journal 55, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 382–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2020.013.

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Abstract The microsieving discfilter technology was investigated at the pilot scale. The pilot was configured to treat the effluent from a municipal wastewater multi-lagoon facility consisting of two facultative lagoons and a third seasonally aerated lagoon that is aerated to mitigate hydrogen sulfide release. The 10 μm filter, operated without chemical enhancement, demonstrates 60.1 ± 22.6% removal of the lagoon effluent total suspended solids (TSS) during periods of operation without aeration of the third lagoon. Aeration of the third lagoon of the multi-lagoon system prior to discharge renders the 10 μm filter cloth ineffective with respect to solids removal. The 5 μm filter cloth performs effective nonchemically enhanced removal of solids even during aeration of the lagoon, removing 68.2 ± 9.85% of effluent TSS. The greater performance of the 5 μm filter was achieved at the expense of a lower maximum conveyance capacity than the 10 μm filter. The 10 and 5 μm filters decrease the effluent total phosphorus (TP) concentrations by 0.14 and 0.13 mg-P/L, respectively. Algae, characterized as Chlorophyll α, shows removal from influent concentrations of 10.25 ± 4.19 μg/L to concentrations of 4.61 ± 1.28 μg/L for the 10 μm filter, and 4.10 ± 0.65 μg/L for the 5 μm filter.

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Кевбрина, М. В., Д. В. Гаврилов, Н. А. Белов, and А. М. Агарев. "Removing suspended solids from effluent in the process of tertiary treatment by microfiltration in disk filters with flat and volumetric filtration." Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35776/vst.2022.08.03.

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В АО «Мосводоканал» проведены испытания пилотной установки микрофильтрации на базе дискового фильтра с тканевым фильтрополотном. Установка, предоставленная АО «НПК Медиана-Фильтр», предназначена для доочистки биологически очищенной воды от взвешенных веществ. Дисковая микрофильтрация с тканевым фильтрополотном (объемный тип фильтрации) позволяет доочистить биологически очищенную сточную воду от взвешенных веществ до 4 мг/л при использовании тканевого фильтрополотна типоразмера «10 мкм» и до 2 мг/л – типоразмера «5 мкм». При скорости фильтрации 8,5 м/ч расход промывной воды составил 0,7–1,4% от расхода воды на установку для ткани типоразмера «10 мкм» и 5,8–6,8% для типоразмера «5 мкм». При удалении взвешенных веществ в составе взвеси также происходит удаление ХПК, БПК5, общего азота и общего фосфора. Установки микрофильтрации с объемным типом являются аналогами установок с плоскостным типом и могут использоваться для достижения высокого качества доочистки биологически очищенной воды от взвешенных веществ. Mosvodokanal JSC carried out tests of a pilot microfiltration plant based on a disk filter with a fabric filter cloth. The pilot plant supplied by Mediana-Filter RPC JSC has been designed for removing suspended solids from effluent in the process of tertiary treatment. Disk microfiltration with fabric filter cloth (volumetric filtration type) provides for removing suspended solids to 4 mg/l in the effluent after biological treatment while using fabric filter cloth of 10 µm typical size and to 2 mg/l while using 5 µm filter cloth. At 8.5 m/h filtration rate the consumption of wash water for the pilot plant for 10 µm filter cloth was 0.7–1.4% of the water flow, and 5.8–6.8% for 5 µm filter cloth. Beside suspended solids present in the suspension, COD, BOD5, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are also removed. Microfiltration plants of volumetric type are similar to the plants of flat type and can be used to ensure high quality tertiary treatment of effluent after biological treatment to remove suspended solids.

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Werner, Roman Alejandro, Alexander Michael Hummel, Dominik Ulrich Geier, and Thomas Becker. "Investigations on Backflush Cleaning of Spent Grain-Contaminated Filter Cloths Using Continuous and Pulsed Jets." Foods 11, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11121757.

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This study investigated the continuous and pulsed backflush cleaning of woven fabrics that act as filter media in the food and beverage industry. Especially in breweries, they are commonly used in mash filters to separate solid spent grains from liquid wort. After filtration, the removal of such cereal residues via self-discharge is necessary. However, this filter cake discharge is typically incomplete, and various spots remain contaminated. In addition to the reduced filter performance of subsequent batches, cross-contamination risk increases significantly. A reproducible contamination method focusing on the use case of a mash filter was developed for this study. Additionally, a residue analysis based on microscopical image processing helped to assess cleaning efficiency. The experimental part compared two backflushing procedures for mash filters and demonstrated fluid dynamical, procedural, and economic differences in cleaning. Specifically, pulsed jets show higher efficiency in reaching cleanliness faster, with fewer cleaning agents and less time. According to the experimental results, the fluid flow conditions depended highly on cloth geometry and mesh sizes. Larger mesh sizes significantly favored the cloth’s cleanability as a larger backflush volume can reach contamination. With these results, cloth cleaning can be improved, enabling the realization of demand-oriented cleaning concepts.

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Brieger, William R., Jayashree Ramakrishna, and Joshua D. Adeniyi. "Community Response to Social Marketing: Filters for Guineaworm Control." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 10, no. 1 (April 1989): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/e35k-pqb1-bmlx-mlfb.

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Guineaworm is a tropical helminthic disease which is responsible for much disability in rural areas from African to South Asia. Control interventions focus mainly on improving the quality of water supply at the health promotion level of prevention. This includes such technologies as dug wells, cloth filters, and chemicals added to pond water. Each technology has an appropriate health education strategy to aid in its promotion. The community of Idere in rural Nigeria was chosen to test the social acceptability of a new monofilament nylon cloth water filter. A social marketing strategy was used that built upon an existing primary health care program that utilized volunteer primary health workers (PHWs). The PHWs proved effective in marketing the filters in Idere as one-third of households in monitored areas purchased a filter during the six-month sales period in 1985–86. Those who bought filters were more likely to live in hamlets/family compounds where PHWs resided, belong to a modern religion, and have a preventive orientation toward health. Those who did not buy complained mostly of lack of money, but other overt and inferred reasons included attitudes that filters were inferior to wells, traditional beliefs that guineaworm cannot be prevented and availability of cheaper but ineffective alternatives. Filters were found to be a particularly useful technology in the smaller, isolated farm hamlets surrounding the main town. Recommendations are made to improve the marketing strategy through modifications in filter design, price, distribution, and promotion.

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Minyuan, Gu. "New applications for filter cloth." Filtration & Separation 28, no. 2 (March 1991): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0015-1882(91)80311-r.

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Soegeng asetijono, Purwito, Andhika Dwi Anggara, and Nila Prasetya Aryani. "Effect of Clothing Fabric Color on UV Ray Absorption Efforts to Protect the Skin." Jurnal Health Sains 4, no. 5 (May 24, 2023): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jhs.v4i5.907.

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Despite the many benefits of sunlight, it can also have negative impacts on our health, particularly from Ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To reduce the risks, one can protect themselves by wearing appropriate clothing, avoiding prolonged exposure to sunlight, especially Ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is necessary to pay attention to the choice of clothing colors considering that each color actually absorbs sunlight with different abilities. Therefore it is very important for us to know the color selection of clothes to wear in reducing exposure to UV rays on our skin. The objective of this study is to determine the difference in the effect of clothing fabric color on UV ray absorption. The UV intensity data obtained is the intensity of UV that has passed through a cloth filter with a certain color and the intensity without a filter. Data collection was conducted with 10 different cloth color variations. The results will be compared between the UV intensity with various colored cloth filters and the intensity without a filter. It was found that different colors on fabric also affect the intensity of UV rays that are absorbed or transmitted. Relatively bright colors will cause a dominant amount of UV rays to pass through compared to dark-colored fabrics. The fabric colors that allow more UV radiation to pass through are those that are predominantly light, in this study, the colors Purple and White.

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Krasnyi, B. L., A. B. Krasnyi, M. N. Korolev, D. D. Bernt, D. A. Serebryanskii, M. O. Dorokhin, M. V. Antonov, and A. A. Slastilov. "Aspiration of loading iron ore pellets into railway wagons using a ceramic filter." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 79, no. 6 (July 31, 2023): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-6-513-523.

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Loading of iron ore pellets into railway wagons at mining and processing enterprises is accompanied by the formation of a significant amount of suspended iron-containing highly abrasive particles. The shortcomings of existing aspiration systems currently used to reduce the negative impact on the environment are considered. It is demonstrated that existing wet cleaning devices, as a rule, do not meet the requirements of sanitary standards for emissions into the atmosphere. Tubular cloth filter of dry-cleaning devices is subject to intense abrasive wear of the iron ore dust captured, which leads to a violation of sanitary standards for emissions of solid particles into the atmosphere. The results of pilot plant tests of a ceramic filter installed in the existing aspiration system for loading iron ore concentrate into railway wagons are described. The aerodynamic resistance of the ceramic filter is determined, as well as its technical and economic indicators. It was found that when replacing the tubular cloth filter with a ceramic pulse filter, a decrease in the residual dust concentration from 72 to 4 mg/m3 was achieved. The efficiency of cleaning the aspiration flow in a ceramic filter is 17.8 times higher than this indicator in the existing tubular filter. The replacement of cloth filter elements with ceramic ones in the body of the existing filtration system of the aspiration system for loading iron ore pellets into railway cars will reduce the gross emissions of iron-containing dust into the atmosphere from 47 to 1.9 tons/year. When replacing cloth filter elements with ceramic ones, the total fee for the negative impact on the environment within and above the MPE will decrease from 130 thousand roubles/year up to 85 thousand roubles/year. In addition, the return of dust material to production will save at least 0.5 million roubles/year.

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Arunnart, Methas. "Efficiency of Commercial Face Masks in PM2.5 Prevention." Ramathibodi Medical Journal 44, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33165/rmj.2021.44.2.243402.

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Background: Thailand has a high air pollution crisis especially in particle matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) which affects health quality. People should prevent themselves by using face masks. However, there are many types of commercial face masks. Each type of face mask does not have the same efficiency. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of commercial face masks including supplement filter of face masks in PM2.5 reduction under breathing simulation. Methods: A tool for evaluating the efficiency of face masks in PM2.5 filtered under breathing simulation was created. Comparisons of the efficiency of each face mask and supplement filter were performed. Results: N95 mask had the highest efficiency (97.2%) followed by surgical mask (56.3% - 83.2%), cotton cloth mask (40.9% - 42.4%), muslin cloth mask (37.8%), and sponge mask (33.5%), respectively. In the part of the supplement filter, the carbon filter had the highest efficiency (88.3% - 98.8%) followed by face wash tissue (63.3%) and air filter for air conditioner (43.3%), respectively. Conclusions: N95 mask or surgical mask for PM2.5 prevention should be used in the high air pollution area. If unable to supply, cloth mask with a supplement filter was an alternative solution, and also a carbon filter was recommended.

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Sun, Shi Quan, Li Jun Bi, Ping Ping Xu, Chang Bo Jiang, Wan Chun Tan, Fang Tong Wu, and Xiao Bao Nie. "Pilot Studies on Cloth Media Filter Applied in WWTP for the Treatment of Secondary Effluent." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.683.

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Cloth media filter was applied in the treatment of the effluent of a municipal wastewater plant through pilot scale test for water reuse. Ferric chloride (FeCl3), PAFC and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were employed as coagulants respectively to carry out the test. The average removal efficiency of TP and CODCr was 28.76% and 8% after cloth media filter without coagulation, and TP removal was influenced by the influent water quality. However, precoagulation with coagulants of ferric chloride, PAFC, PAC, the average removal efficiency of TP was 63.58%, 60.13%, 66.94% respectively, and no influence of TP removal can be found by the influent water quality. The average removal efficiency of CODCr was increased to 17.7%、26.3% and 27.7%，SS was 70.7%、64.3% and 49.1%. TN and NH3-N were removed unstably after cloth media filter.

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Liu, Qiang, Chen Li, Minglei Zhao, Ying Li, Yangyang Yang, Yuxuan Li, and Siyuan Ma. "Performance of a Double-Filter-Medium Tandem Membrane Bioreactor with Low Operating Costs in Domestic Wastewater Treatment." Water 16, no. 2 (January 22, 2024): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16020361.

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To reduce the operating costs of conventional membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and improve the stability and quality of the dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) effluent, a homemade inexpensive filter cloth assembly was connected to an up-flow ultra-lightweight-medium filter (UUF) in lieu of expensive membrane modules to form a double-filter-medium tandem (DT)-MBR. DT-MBR was used to treat domestic wastewater, and its removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were similar to those of aerobic MBR, with average removal rates of 91.1%, 98.4%, 15.1%, and 50.7%, respectively. The average suspended solid (SS) of the final effluent was 5.6 mg∙L−1, and the filter cloth assembly played a leading role in SS removal, with an average removal rate of 86.0% and a relatively stable removal effect with little impact via backwashing. The activated sludge zeta potential, flocculation and sedimentation properties, particle size distribution, microbial compositions, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and filtration resistance of the cake layer were analyzed; it was found that the cake layer, which can also be called the dynamic membrane (DM), had an excellent filtration performance. However, the DM theory could not reasonably explain why the effluent quality of the filter cloth assembly maintained good stability even after backwashing. The real reason must be related to the sieving of cloth pores. Therefore, the concept of an in situ autogenous static membrane (ISASM) was proposed. With low operating costs and good and stable effluent quality, DT-MBR is a desirable alternative to the traditional MBR.

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Hikmah, Zulfa Nuril, and Hari Purnomo. "Uji Alat Augmentasi dan Konservasi Parasitoid Telur Kepik Hijau (Nezara viridula L.) pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.)." Jurnal Pengendalian Hayati 3, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jph.v3i1.17145.

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Soybean pod damage caused by N. viridula reached 61.37% of the total pods and 61.67% of the total seeds attacked. Efforts were made, namely the application of chemical insecticides made from active chlorpyrifos which can reduce the population of N. viridula to reach 57.4% and the insecticides made from deltamerin which are reducing the population by 51.6%. Control is needed that can reduce the negative effects caused by chemical insecticides, one of which is mechanical control. Mechanical control can be done one of them with augmentation and conservation tools. the research is by taking the eggs of N. viridula in the field and laying the eggs in an augmentation and conservation tool with several treatments of different filter cloth diameters, 0.1 mm; 0.3 mm; 0.2 mm; and 0.6 mm. Observations were made by looking at and counting the number of parasitoids that were able to pass through the filter cloth and those that did not pass through the filter cloth, followed by identification of the species of the parasitoid that was obtained. The results showed that the parasitoids were able to escape in all treatments but with varying amounts. The difference in number can be influenced by the presence of parasitoids in the field and the level of parasitoid parasitation. Likewise with Trichogramma sp also able to pass on all treatments. Therefore, the most suitable treatment is treatment with a 0.1 mm diameter filter cloth. The identified parasites were T. rowani and T. podisi

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Christensen, Morten Lykkegaard, Morten Møller Klausen, and Peter Vittrup Christensen. "Test of precoat filtration technology for treatment of swimming pool water." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 3 (November 21, 2017): 748–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.593.

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Abstract The technical performance of a precoat filter was compared with that of a traditional sand filter. Particle concentration and size distribution were measured before and after the filtration of swimming pool water. Both the sand and precoat filters could reduce the particle concentration in the effluent. However, higher particle removal efficiency was generally observed for the precoat filter, especially for particles smaller than 10 μm in diameter. Adding flocculant improved the removal efficiency of the sand filter, resulting in removal efficiencies comparable to those of the precoat filter. Three powders, i.e., two types of perlite (Harbolite® and Aquatec perlite) and cellulose fibers (Arbocel®), were tested for the precoat filter, but no significant difference in particle removal efficiency was observed among them. The maximum efficiency was reached within 30–40 min of filtration. The energy required for the pumps increased by approximately 35% over a period of 14 days. The energy consumption could be reduced by replacing the powder on the filter cloth. The sand filter was backwashed once a week, while the powder on the precoat filter was replaced every two weeks. Under these conditions, it was possible to reduce the water used for cleaning by 88% if the precoat filter was used instead of the sand filter.

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Sari, Nilam, Mukti Priastomo, and Niken Indriyanti. "Efektivitas Jenis Bahan Masker Kain Berdasarkan Kemampuan Penyaringan Mikroba." Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences 14 (December 31, 2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v14i1.570.

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A cloth mask is a mask that can be used repeatedly and is made of thicker fabric material. Cloth masks circulating in the community have not guaranteed quality. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of fabric mask materials based on microbial filtration capabilities as well as find out the optimal characteristics of the initial use of cloth mask materials and after washing 50 times. This study was conducted experimentally where the effectiveness of fabric mask material by spraying bacterial suspension, and testing the characteristics of fabric mask materials by conducting fiber observation, light intensity test, steam filtration test, water absorption test and water capillary on the fabric. The results of research on the effectiveness of fabric mask materials showed Asymp.Sig >0.05 so that there are significant differences from all types of fabric mask materials. Based on the results of characteristic testing, the fiber material of the initial cloth mask looks better than after 50 washes. Test the light intensity of the outer layer, inner layer, and filter layers p, f and s after washing there is an increase compared to the initial use. Steam filtration tests of outer layers, inner layers and filter layers p, f and s when the initial user takes time for steam to penetrate the fabric compared to 50 washes. The absorption test of the outer layer during initial use does not occur absorption above 60 seconds and after 50 washes begins absorption. The inner layer and filter layer at the initial use do not absorb above 60 seconds and after 50 washes there is absorption under 60 seconds. The p filter layer does not absorb during initial use and after 50 washes. Filter layer f during initial use and after 50 washes there is absorption under 60 seconds. Capillary test results for 60 seconds the outer layer and the p filter layer during initial use do not absorb while 50 times the washing occurs absorption. The inner layer, filter layer f and s increase after 50 washes. The conclusion of the study was that the effectiveness of the mask material was good enough for the inner and outer layers, the p filter layer was more effective than the f and s filter layers. The characteristic test results at initial use were very good, but after 50 washes there was a decrease.

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Ross, Hunter, Huyen Nguyen, Brian Nguyen, Ashton Foster, James Salud, Mike Patino, Yong X. Gan, and Mingheng Li. "Filter Modified with Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Coating for Efficient and Affordable Oil/Water Separation." Separations 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9100269.

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To mitigate the damage of oil spills, a filter modified with a hydrophilic and oleophobic coating is proposed for affordable and efficient oil separation and recovery from water. The sol–gel method was chosen to produce a colloidal suspension of titanium dioxide particles for its ease of production and its versatility in application for many different substrates, including paper and cloth fabric. After immersing the substrates into a titanium-containing solution, three techniques were applied to increase the production of titanium dioxide—microwave-assisted, refrigeration, and ultra-sonication. Contact angle tests were done to investigate the change in the filter’s oleophobicity. The titanium dioxide present on the surface of the filter was amorphous, but all treatment methods showed an improvement in oleophobicity. All treated filters improved oil filtration performance by up to eighty percent. The filters isolated motor oil from a mixture while allowing water to pass through. The coated filters also displayed photocatalytic activity by degrading methylene blue on its surface when exposed to sunlight, demonstrating the filter’s self-cleaning ability. For real-world applications, the filter can be supported by a stainless mesh for enhanced strength and durability. While being dragged through the water, the filter collects the surface oil, allowing water to pass through via gravity.

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Kobler, Daniel, and Markus Boller. "Particle removal in different filtration systems for tertiary wastewater treatment - a comparison." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0133.

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In seven wastewater installations in the area of Zürich, Switzerland, four different filtration systems for tertiary wastewater treatment (deep bed, cloth drum, continuous up-flow and cell filters) were investigated with special attention to particle size distributions in the in- and outflow of the flocculation and the filtration step. Flocculation and filter performance was characterised by the shift of particle number curves. For each filter, particle number, surface and volume removal as a function of particle size was determined and revealed to be an excellent tool to evaluate the filter plants under practical conditions. The number removal efficiency for small particles in the colloidal size range proved to be the most sensitive parameter and could be related to operating parameters such as flocculant dose and filtration rate. The results of the particle analysis were compared to quality parameters related to small particles such as micro-organism and heavy metal concentrations. A good agreement between the removal of small size particles (< 8 μm) and bacteria counts as well as copper was found in the different filter systems. The filters were finally classified according to their particle removal performance.

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Bhattacharjee, Shovon, Prateek Bahl, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, and C. Raina MacIntyre. "Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 7, no. 1 (September 2020): e000698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000698.

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Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics have been promoted with little evidence-based foundation and without guidelines on design principles for optimal performance. In these circumstances, it is essential to understand the properties, key performance factors, filter mechanisms and evidence on cloth masks materials. The general community might also need to decontaminate and reuse disposable, single-use devices as a last resort. We present an overview of the filter materials, filter mechanisms and effectiveness, key performance factors, and hydrophobicity of the common disposable masks, as well as cloth masks. We also reviewed decontamination methods for disposable respiratory devices. As an alternative to surgical masks and respirators, we recommend a cloth mask made of at least three layers (300–350 threads per inch) and adding a nylon stocking layer over the mask for a better fit. Water-resistant fabrics (polyesters/nylon), blends of fabrics and water-absorbing fabrics (cotton) should be in the outside layer, middle layer/layers and inside layer, respectively. The information outlined here will help people to navigate their choices if facing shortages of appropriate respiratory protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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NURYOTO, NURYOTO. "Studi Proses Dewatering Di Unit Pengolahan Air Limbah menggunakan Plate-Frame Filter Press: Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Jenis Filter." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 24, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/jtl.2023.218.

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Before being discharged into the environment, wastewater must meet quality standards following applicable requirements. The wastewater treatment process is based on biological processes with bacteria as the decomposition medium often produces activated sludge. The level of activated sludge in the system (wastewater treatment unit) must be controlled and reducing it by removing it from the system is necessary when it exceeds normal limits. However, directly discharging activated sludge into the environment without prior separation can impact environmental pollution. In this study, activated sludge (simulated with CaCO3) was tried to be separated from water using the plate-frame filter press method. Various variables are the concentration of activated sludge in the form of CaCO3 solid dissolved in water with a concentration of 1–4% w/w, and the type of filter used was cotton cloth and drill cloth. This study aimed to determine the performance of the solid-liquid separation process in the form of a CaCO3 solution using the plate-frame filter press method based on the resulting solids removal efficiency (CaCO3). The results showed that filter performance using cotton cloth produced better performance than drill cloth, with a solute efficiency of 56.00%, obtained at a CaCO3 concentration of 4% w/w. ABSTRAK Air limbah sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan harus memenuhi baku mutu sesuai dengan persyaratan yang berlaku. Di dalam proses pengolahan air limbah yang berbasis proses biologis dengan bakteri sebagai media pengurainya, seringkali menghasilkan lumpur aktif (activated sludge). Kadar lumpur aktif yang ada di dalam sistem (unit pengolahan air limbah) harus terkontrol kadarnya, dan ketika melebihi batas normal, maka perlu kurangi dengan cara dikeluarkan dari sistem. Tetapi pembuangan lumpur aktif secara langsung ke lingkungan tanpa pemisahan terlebih dahulu dapat berdampak kepada pencemaran lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini, lumpur aktif (disimulasikan dengan CaCO3) dicoba dipisahkan dari air menggunakan metode plate-frame filter press. Variabel yang divariasikan adalah konsentrasi lumpur aktif (activated sludge) berupa padatan CaCO3 yang dilarutkan di dalam air dengan konsentrasi sebesar 1–4% drill, dan Jenis filter yang digunakan adalah berupa kain katun dan kain drill. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performa dari proses pemisahan padat-cair berupa larutan CaCO3 menggunakan metode plate-frame filter press berdasarkan efisiensi penghilangan padatan (CaCO3) yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa performa fllter dengan menggunakan kain katun menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan kain drill, dengan efisiensi solute mencapai 56,00%, yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi CaCO3 sebesar 4% berat.

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Ehrfeld, E. "Influence of Filter Cloth Behavior on the Layout of Cake Forming Filters." Chemical Engineering & Technology 33, no. 8 (July 7, 2010): 1349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201000135.

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30

Sembiring, Emenda, Wa Ode Sitti Warsita Mahapati, and Syarif Hidayat. "Microplastics particle size affects cloth filter performance." Journal of Water Process Engineering 42 (August 2021): 102166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102166.

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31

SUGAWARA, MASATAKA. "Purification of reservoir by cylindrical filter cloth." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 3 (1996): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.170.

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32

Johnson-Groh, Mara. "HEPA filter improves homemade cloth mask to surgical mask standards." Scilight 2022, no. 22 (June 3, 2022): 221108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0011691.

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Satyendra Kumar, S. K. Kamra, R. K. Yadav, and Bhaskar Narjary. "Effectiveness of Horizontal Filter for Artificial Groundwater Recharge Structure." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 51, no. 3 (February 15, 2024): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2014513.1556.

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Performance of two new designs of recharge filters involving modified flow pattern of recharging water from vertical to horizontal was evaluated at CSSRI, Karnal. Inflow water of 500, 1000, 1500, and 3000 ppm sediment load were passed through such horizontal filters and performance was assessed in form of removal efficiency (RE) and filtration rates. In the first design of horizontal filter (HF1), layers of varying thickness and densities of two biological materials (coir and rice husk) alone and in combination with 20 or 25 cm thick coarse sand layers were utilized, and performance was evaluated at varying sediment loads for different combinations in comparison to conventional vertical filters. In the second design of horizontal filter (HF2), layers of synthetic (geo-textile and plastic net) and jute cloth (jute bag) and newar (a densely knitted cotton strip used in cot making) material were wrapped around perforated portion of recharge well pipe in different numbers and evaluated at different sediment loads. Results indicated that 25 cm thick sand layer recorded highest RE of more than 90% at all sediment loads in HF1. Coir and rice husk alone (50 cm thick layer of 92.6 kg.m-3 and 125 kg.m-3 density, respectively) recorded RE of 85 per cent. At 3000 ppm sediment load, vertical filter clogged within 1 h, while clogging in HF1 consisting coir or rice husk and sand layer occurred after 8-9 h, indicating advantage of the horizontal filter. In HF2, geotextile and newar recorded RE more than 90%, but the filtration rate was substantially low. The results revealed that performance of recharge filter can be improved by arranging filter materials horizontally, followed by a sand layer to inflow water at the end. However, larger surface area will be required in horizontal filters as compared to vertical filters to obtain desired filtration rate.

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34

Hakim, Mohamad Saifudin, Mumtihana Muchlis, Fitra Duhita, and Rita Dian Pratiwi. "The effectivity of banana leaf-filtered cloth face masks as an alternative protection during the pandemic." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i1.21075.

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The main transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is through individual droplets of respiratory secretions. Accordingly, the most basic preventive measure is wearing a face mask. Since the issue of medical waste during the pandemic is concerning, developing face masks made of reusable and biodegradable materials is necessary. This study aimed to develop "do-it-yourself" face masks and test the effectiveness of banana leaf-filtered cloth face masks. The design development was conducted by a series of trials for making a mask pattern that can be applied to the cloth. Then, we performed bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) and water resistance tests to investigate the effectiveness of banana leaf-filtered cloth-based face masks. The dimensions of the developed face mask are 20x18 cm, with a semi-duckbill model, consisting of three layers of washable cotton cloth and a pocket designed for the banana leaf filter. Among 34 leaf-filtered face masks, 61.8% showed water resistance abilities. Based on the BFE test, the leaf-filtered face masks contained significantly fewer bacteria (the average of 0.417x103 cfu/cm2) compared to the cloth face masks without additional leaf filter (30x103 cfu/cm2). Thus, banana leaf-filtered cloth face masks could be considered as alternative protection during the pandemic.

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35

Khandaker, Morshed, Helga Progri, Dhakshyane Tamil Arasu, Sadegh Nikfarjam, and Nabila Shamim. "Use of Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofiber Mesh in a Face Mask." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 4272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154272.

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Electrospun nanofiber mesh has previously been used as an air filtration device. However, the qualification of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mesh cloth in face masks to protect individuals against airborne particles carrying microorganisms has yet to be investigated. The long-term goal of this study is to develop methods to use PCL nanofiber mesh to provide better protection against microorganisms. To achieve this goal, we observed the morphology, water droplet absorption, thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), mechanical, and airborne particle filtering capabilities, and also the microbial activities of a PCL cloth, to evaluate whether it is suitable to act as a filter in a face mask. We have produced a polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber cloth after electrospinning it onto a drum for 3 and 10 min, referred to hereafter as PCL-3 and PCL-10, respectively. Our study found that the middle protection layer (control) of the Henry Schein Earloop Procedure Mask contains pores (average diameter = 5.72 ± 0.62 µm) which are 48 times larger than the diameter of a microorganism an average diameter of ~120 nanometers. However, PCL-10 nanofiber membranes show pores with an average diameter of 1.42 ± 0.34 µm. Our contact angle measurement tests found that all the samples were very hydrophobic (contact angle values varied between 120 and 150 degrees). However, both PCL cloths’ contact angle values were lower compared to the control. The produced PCL cloths showed a lower water droplet absorption compared to the control. Thermal studies found that PCL is stable in extreme conditions and no plasticizing effect occurs due to the presence of a solvent. Mechanical tests showed that PCL-10 cloth had higher strength and modulus compared to the control and PCL-3 under tension loading conditions. A vacuum experiment found that the PCL-10 fiber cloth could withstand a negative pressure of 18 Psi without any signs of breakage, and the mask was able to capture airborne particles and microorganisms. The feasibility of immobilizing anti-bacterial nanoparticles with PCL during electrospinning creates the future potential of producing an anti-bacterial face mask using PCL.

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Otto, N., S. Platz, T. Fink, M. Wutscherk, and U. Menzel. "Removal of micropollutants with coarse-ground activated carbon for enhanced separation with hydrocyclone classifiers." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 11 (March 8, 2016): 2739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.128.

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One key technology to eliminate organic micropollutants (OMP) from wastewater effluent is adsorption using powdered activated carbon (PAC). To avoid a discharge of highly loaded PAC particles into natural water bodies a separation stage has to be implemented. Commonly large settling tanks and flocculation filters with the application of coagulants and flocculation aids are used. In this study, a multi-hydrocyclone classifier with a downstream cloth filter has been investigated on a pilot plant as a space-saving alternative with no need for a dosing of chemical additives. To improve the separation, a coarser ground PAC type was compared to a standard PAC type with regard to elimination results of OMP as well as separation performance. With a PAC dosing rate of 20 mg/l an average of 64.7 wt% of the standard PAC and 79.5 wt% of the coarse-ground PAC could be separated in the hydrocyclone classifier. A total average separation efficiency of 93–97 wt% could be reached with a combination of both hydrocyclone classifier and cloth filter. Nonetheless, the OMP elimination of the coarse-ground PAC was not sufficient enough to compete with the standard PAC. Further research and development is necessary to find applicable coarse-grained PAC types with adequate OMP elimination capabilities.

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Edelmeier, Friedrich, and Jeff Pope. "3D woven metal filter cloth doubles filtration flow." Filtration + Separation 54, no. 3 (May 2017): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(17)30133-7.

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Sladkov, O. M., T. P. Ustinova, and L. P. Nikulina. "Spent filter cloth — Fillers for polymeric composite materials." Fibre Chemistry 30, no. 4 (July 1998): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02407242.

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Fränkle, Bernd, Patrick Morsch, Christoph Kessler, Thien Sok, Marco Gleiß, and Hermann Nirschl. "Iron Ore Tailings Dewatering: Measurement of Adhesion and Cohesion for Filter Press Operation." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 3424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063424.

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Globally, mining operators focus increasingly on tailings filtration to recover process water and store tailings more safely. Generally, required water contents below 20-w% are reached by using filter presses. To maintain high efficiency, complete cake detachment is needed because incomplete discharge reduces plant performance. However, filter cake discharge can occur in different ways, mainly influenced by adhesion of the filter cake to the filter cloth as well as by cohesion of the cake. Therefore, this study points out different major detachment behaviors and a theoretical approach to describe them. Furthermore, investigations on iron ore tailings filtrations were carried out to show the influences of different filter media, different filtration pressure and cake post-treatment on adhesion and cohesion.

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Zhang, Na, Zhi Li Zhong, Hua Wu Liu, Hong Jie Zhang, and Chen Lv. "The Research and Development of Continuous Basalt Fiber /Polyester Woven Filter Cloth." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.973.

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Filter made by polyester woven fabric may deform in service, which may be improved by interweaving polyester and continuous basalt fiber filaments. The dimensional stabilities of polyester woven filter and continuous basalt fiber/polyester woven filter were observed under the conditions of dry heating at high temperature and hot dilute alkali environment. It was found that the continuous basalt fiber was helpful to improve the dimension stability of the woven filter fabrics in different concentrations of hot dilute alkali.

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Khomutov, A. O., A. V. Biryukov, A. P. Usachev, and O. A. Kutsigina. "THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF IDENTIFYING PRESSURE LOSS IN FILTER ELEMENTSOF COARSE AND FINE GAS PURIFICATION WHEN PLACED IN ONE BODY." Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture, no. 1(53) (February 21, 2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.53.1.003.

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Statement of the problem. Reliable operation of modern high-precision gas flow reduction and control systems located in cabinet, block and capital gas distribution points calls for the use of two-stage cylindrical gas purification plants containing preliminary and fine filters. An urgent task is to design and scientifically substantiate the use of cost-effective two-stage natural gas purification devices located at gas distribution points as well as the development of analytical calculation methods for identifying pressure losses in the filter elements of two-stage cylindrical installations and the timing of their regeneration.Results. Theoretical and experimental identification of pressure losses depending on the degree of clogging of a multilayer filter element with mechanical impurities is given.Conclusions. Analytical equations for identifying pressure losses are obtained which differ from the known solutions in that the effect of clogging with mechanical impurities in a multilayer filter cloth is first presented as the sum of pressure losses on a number of clean calibrated grids located one after another, with the cell sizes of each subsequent grid less than the previous one.

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42

Cabral, Marta, João C. Bordado, António Correia Diogo, and Fernanda Margarido. "Characterisation of the Filter Elements of End-of-Life Biological and Chemical Protection Masks Used by the Army." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.778.

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The main purpose of the present study is to assess the usefulness of filter cartridges from end-of-life biological and chemical protection masks, for other applications (with increased added value) instead of landfill deposition. Filters with different ages up to fifty years, were dismantled and divided in their components. Physico-chemical characterisation of each filter cartridge component was performed using different techniques such as: optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pyrolysis, particle size distribution by laser diffraction, surface area determination from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K, determination of open porosity by helium pycnometry, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis in the temperature range from -100°C to 200°C. It is shown that the loss of resilience of the rubber sealant is the main factor that controls the shelf life of filter cartridges. On the other hand, most of the charcoal in the activated carbon cloth remains active and can be useful for other less severe applications such as the removal of dissolved components from freshwater and/or marine systems.

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Crilley, Leigh R., Andrea A. Angelucci, Brian Malile, Cora J. Young, Trevor C. VandenBoer, and Jennifer I. L. Chen. "Non-woven materials for cloth-based face masks inserts: relationship between material properties and sub-micron aerosol filtration." Environmental Science: Nano 8, no. 6 (2021): 1603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1en00277e.

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Sub-micron aerosol filtration of non-woven materials and fabric treatments were investigated. Select low-cost, readily available and easily cut non-woven materials were identified as suitable filter inserts for cloth-based masks.

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44

Mao, Cheng Dong, and Xin Guo. "Development of Blended Conductive Yarn and Antistatic Filter Cloth." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.278.

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Pre-draft for the stainless steel conductive fiber was completed by using the large roller straddletype drafting-cutting technology and the production of the conductive yarn was realized using conventional spinning equipment. This paper successfully developed the antistatic filter cloth taking advantage of the conductive yarns for the petrochemical industry and educed the regression equation between the charge surface density under all kinds of conductive fiber content in the conductive yarn and conductive yarn spacing, which assumed a cubic polynomial curve relationship. The corresponding relationship between the conductive fiber content in the conductive yarn and conductive yarn spacing concluded can be used to guide practical production.

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Štroner, Martin, Rudolf Urban, Martin Lidmila, Vilém Kolář, and Tomáš Křemen. "Vegetation Filtering of a Steep Rugged Terrain: The Performance of Standard Algorithms and a Newly Proposed Workflow on an Example of a Railway Ledge." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13153050.

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Point clouds derived using structure from motion (SfM) algorithms from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in civil engineering practice. This includes areas such as (vegetated) rock outcrops or faces above linear constructions (e.g., railways) where accurate terrain identification, i.e., ground filtering, is highly difficult but, at the same time, important for safety management. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of standard geometrical ground filtering algorithms (a progressive morphological filter (PMF), a simple morphological filter (SMRF) or a cloth simulation filter (CSF)) and a structural filter, CANUPO (CAractérisation de NUages de POints), for ground identification in a point cloud derived by SfM from UAV imagery in such an area (a railway ledge and the adjacent rock face). The performance was evaluated both in the original position and after levelling the point cloud (its transformation into the horizontal plane). The poor results of geometrical filters (total errors of approximately 6–60% with PMF performing the worst) and a mediocre result of CANUPO (approximately 4%) led us to combine these complementary approaches, yielding total errors of 1.2% (CANUPO+SMRF) and 0.9% (CANUPO+CSF). This new technique could represent an excellent solution for ground filtering of high-density point clouds of such steep vegetated areas that can be well-used, for example, in civil engineering practice.

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Fränkle, Bernd, Maximilian Stockert, Thien Sok, Marco Gleiß, and Hermann Nirschl. "Tailings Filtration: Water Jet Spray Cleaning of a Blinded Iron Ore Filter Cloth." Minerals 13, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13030416.

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The global growth in demand for raw materials is leading to a continuous increase in the mining of ores and thus to an expanding volume of tailings to be stored. To ensure safer storage and an optimized recovery of process water, the tailings slurry is often thickened followed by filtration in filter presses and dry stacking. However, an increasing blinding effect during the time of operation requires cleaning or replacement of the filter media. Cloth washing using spray nozzles is a possible solution, but there is insufficient quantitative data published on the performance. For this reason, this article examines the cleaning of an iron ore cloth from tailings filtration by continuous water spraying. Water flux, spray time and direction (front- and back-wash) variation were investigated by evaluating cleaning performance using flow resistance measurement and comparison to the unused and industrially used state where blinding has occurred. Sufficient cleaning and achieving the flow rate of the unused cloth is possible. However, excessive spray cleaning should be avoided, as damage to the fibers may occur. Spray cleaning can be stated to be economically reasonable since a water demand of 2.5 m3 m−2 and an energy consumption of 391 kWh m−2 is necessary for a sufficient regeneration. Furthermore, the spray cleaning is assumed to cost USD 39 m−2, which is approximately similar to replacing the fabric but reduces plastic waste.

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Batra, Shivani, Priyanka Adhikari, Anchit Ghai, Aman Sharma, Rhea Sarma, and Suneetha V. "STUDY AND DESIGN OF PORTABLE ANTIMICROBIAL WATER FILTER." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i9.19925.

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Objective: This study was conducted to design a portable antimicrobial water filter which is both economic and easy to use.Methods: A prototype following the designing of the water filter was constructed. Layers of sand, cloth, activated charcoal, and cotton containing compartments were built for carrying out water analysis.Results: Most probable number index of Vellore Institute of Technology lake water was compared with that of filtered water. Complete water analysis was done, and the sand filter layer was observed to be responsible for a maximum of the antimicrobial action of the filter.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the proposed design of water filter is efficient in removal of turbidity, odor, and microbial content of lake water along with decreasing the acidity of water.

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Lu, Wei-Ming, Kuo-Lun Tung, and Kuo-Jen Hwang. "Fluid Flow Through Basic Weaves of Monofilament Filter Cloth." Textile Research Journal 66, no. 5 (May 1996): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759606600505.

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Morsch, Patrick, Maurus Bauer, Christoph Kessler, Harald Anlauf, and Hermann Nirschl. "Description of the filter cloth deformation during backwashing filtration." Separation and Purification Technology 253 (December 2020): 117504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117504.

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Badawy, Sayed M., Hesham H. Sokker, Sameh H. Othman, and Ali Hashem. "Cloth filter for recovery of uranium from radioactive waste." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 73, no. 2 (June 2005): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.08.003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Filter cloth'

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