Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Filters with CCII+'

PhD. thesis is deals about sekond order ARC filters for cascade synthezis of Active filters. Here are presented new configurations of second order filters with current conveyors usable for higher frequencies and new second order filters with current conveyors usable for electrical tunable filters. In PhD. Thesis are presented schematics and equations for new sekond order filters. There are presented also practical realizations of these filters and basic measure results.

This diploma thesis is concentrated to fully differential and non-differential fractional-order filters with active elements. It describes how we can obtain fractional-order fully-differential filters design from non-differential design, thesis describes realization in OrCad program and simulation of this project. The first part of the thesis concerns theoretical analysis of frequency filters, active elements and fractional-order filters. The second part of the thesis includes designs of filters and simulations of differential structures and rest of non-differential structures simulation. The following part of the thesis concerns practical realization and experimental measurment of differential fractional-order filter. In the last part of this project, thesis evaluates all results which were revealed in our simulations and experimental measurment.

This master’s thesis is bent on comparison of four newest method of analog frequency filter design. After the introductory part, a description of properties and internal structure of active elements (Second-Generation Current Conveyor), VG-CCII (Variable Gain Current Conveyor), VCG-CCII (Voltage and current gained second generation current conveyor) a CFTA (Current Follower Transconductance Amplifier) is mentioned. This active elements are used in subsequent design. At the next part, process of frequency filters design by generalized method of filter design flowing from the full admittance network, by extending autonomous circuits, design using the signal flow graphs theory and design with synthetic high-order elements are presented. Thirty nine autonomous circuits are derived from full admittance networks with one and two active elements CFTA. Selected autonomous circuits are used for direct design of frequency filter and for filter design by extending autonomous circuits. Produced structures guarantee the possibility of controlling the quality factor Q0 independently of the characteristic frequency f0. Three frequency filters are designed by method using the signal flow graph theory. Active elements CFTA, VG-CCI and VCG-CCII are used. Full multifunctional frequency filter with conveyors VG-CCII and VCG-CCII guarantee the possibility of controlling the quality factor Q0 and the characteristic frequency f0 independently of the each other. In last part, from 2nd to 5th order low-pass filters by the method using synthetic high-order elements are designed. The behaviour of the selected filters has been verified by simulations in the PSpice program for all of the mentioned methods separately.

Kmitočtové filtry jsou lineární elektrické obvody, které jsou využívány v různých oblastech elektroniky. Současně tvoří základní stavební bloky pro analogové zpracování signálů. V poslední dekádě bylo zavedeno množství aktivních stavebních bloků pro analogové zpracování signálů. Stále však existuje potřeba vývoje nových aktivních součástek, které by poskytovaly nové možnosti a lepší parametry. V práci jsou diskutovány různé aspekty obvodů pracujících v napěťovém, proudovém a smíšném módu. Práce reaguje na dnešní potřebu nízkovýkonových a nízkonapěťových aplikací pro přenosné přístroje a mobilní komunikační systémy a na problémy jejich návrhu. Potřeba těchto výkonných nízkonapěťových zařízení je výzvou návrhářů k hledání nových obvodových topologií a nových nízkonapěťových technik. V práci je popsána řada aktivních prvků, jako například operační transkonduktanční zesilovač (OTA), proudový konvejor II. generace (CCII) a CDTA (Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier). Dále jsou navrženy nové prvky, jako jsou VDTA (Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier) a VDVTA (Voltage Differencing Voltage Transconductance Amplifier). Všechny tyto prvky byly rovněž implementovány pomocí "bulk-driven" techniky CMOS s cílem realizace nízkonapěťových aplikací. Tato práce je rovněž zaměřena na náhrady klasických induktorů syntetickými induktory v pasivních LC příčkových filtrech. Tyto náhrady pak mohou vést k syntéze aktivních filtrů se zajímavými vlastnostmi.

The aim of the thesis is to study the possibilities of the electronic frequency ?lter com- posed of active elements operating in current mode. The main opportunities lie in the change control parameters, most are marginal or quality factor frequency. As the active elements are considered especially CC (Current Convejor), controllable current ampli?er DACA (Digitally Adjustable Current Ampli?er) or combination with the current tracker MO-CF (Multiple Output Current Follower). Another part will focus on the management of the above parameters using digital potentiometers and choosing the appropriate ?lter structure. The ?nal task was to digital control parameters using a PC and measuring its properties.

The thesis deals with electronically adjustable and configurable applications of the modern active elements. In the field there were presented various active elements in applications of the analog filters and oscillators which stem from basic and more or less similar principles of circuit synthesis and design. However, there is not provided study of real behavior in detail and in most cases electronic control of the various parameters in application is not verified. In the precise design of application is very important to identify problematic features and determine how much it influences functionality of the device. In this work several filtering structures based on common and modified synthesis principles (integrator loops) are compared in the view of multifunctionality, configurability, variability, kind of used electronic control and impact of influences of real elements on behavior. There are used standard methods like adjusting of variable transconductance, intrinsic value of current input resistance and not so common method based on variable current gain in design of modified and improved multifunctional filtering circuits. The last method of mentioned control enabled to find quite unique filter which allows continuous electronic change of transfer from band-reject to all-pass filter of the 2nd order without reconnection. It is much simpler than previous and more common integrator loops. Larger part of this work is focused on electronically controllable oscillators mainly on quadrature types. There is presented several very simply and elementary realizations which require minimal number of active and passive elements. There are also slightly or more complicated solutions which remove some drawbacks of mentioned simpler variants. First of all there is given attention on study of real behavior which make obvious different problems with mutual dependence of oscillation condition and oscillation frequency, dependence of produced amplitudes (quadrature types) on parameter which is controlling oscillation frequency, influence of this parameter on oscillation condition, etc. In the framework of this part of the thesis there was introduced a novel modification of current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA) so called current-gain-controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CGCCCTA). Requirements for novel applications in the field of oscillators for newly developed controllable current amplifier and digitally controllable current amplifier (DACA) at the Department of Telecommunication FEEC BUT lead to creation of several chapters of this work where mentioned active elements can be used. The important contribution of this work (for practical approach) is also experimental testing of most of designed circuits and determination of exact design equations and rules which take into account real behavior of circuits and confirm results obtained from experiments.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
86
Recently, the circuits designed by employing active current-mode elements have presented continuously. At the same time, It has been verified that the circuits have the advantages of higher signal bandwidths, greater linearity, linearity, large dynamic range, less power dissipation, simpler circuits configurations and silicon area.In this thesis, we proposed the following three circuits:(1) Universal active current-mode filter, with one input and three outputs using one CCII+、OTA and one multi-output OTA.(2) Universal active current-mode filter, with one input and three outputs using one CCII+ and one multi-output OTA.(3) Universal active current-mode filter with three inputs and one output using two OTAs and one multi-output OTA.The advantages of above filters are :(i) realization of lowpass highpass, bandpass, notch, and allpass filter functions from the same configuration,(ii)orthognal tunability of and Q,(iii)low active and passive sensitivities, On the other hand, the voltage-mode circuits constructed by employing the OTAs have been proposed widely. Two new the OTA-based voltage-mode voltage-mode universal filters are presented in this thesis. The proposed circuits offer the following advantageous features : realization of lowpass, highpass, bandpass, notch, and allpass signals from the same configuration, simpler configuration as well as low active and passive sensitivities.Experimental or simulation results are also obtained to confirm the theoretical prediction.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程學系
87
Two novel current-mode filter circuits with simpler configurations are presented in this paper. The first circuit employs only two plus-type second-generation current conveyor (CCII+s), two capacitors and two resistors to realize a universal current-mode biquad filter circuit with four inputs and two outputs(note that it can be the superposition of two universal current-mode biquad filters with three inputs and one output). The proposed circuit offers the following advantageous features : two universal outputs, each of which can realize lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch, allpass signals from the same configuration, employment of only two CCII+s, only two capacitors and only two resistors, low sensitivity performance and high output impedance . The second circuit employs the minimum components, only two operational transconductance amplifiers(OTAs) and two grounded capacitors, to realize a universal current-mode OTA-C biquad filter with three inputs and four outputs(note that it can also realize a universal current-mode OTA-C biquad filter with three inputs and one output). The proposed circuit offers the following advantageous features : realization of lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass signals from the same configuration, employment of two grounded capacitors ideal for integration and low sensitivity performance. Finally, we verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed circuits by using Pspice simulation. The simulation results agree very well with the theoretical predictions.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
90
Abstract In this paper, three voltage-mode multifunction filters employing the differential difference current conveyors(DDCCs), the differential voltage current conveyor(DVCC) or the second-generation current conveyor(CCII) are presented. First, we present a voltage-mode universal second-order filter with three inputs and four outputs employing two DDCCs, two capacitors and two resistors. The proposed filter has three following advantages：two grounded capacitors ideal for integration, very low active and passive sensitivities, and no requirement of critical component matching conditions. Secondly, we present a voltage-mode multifunction second-order filter with single input and three outputs employing one DDCC, one CCII, two capacitors and two resistors. Three proposed filter has the following advantages：no requirement of critical component matching conditions, two grounded capacitors ideal for integration, and very low active and passive sensitivities. Finally, we present a voltage-mode low-pass second-order filter with two input and one output employing one DVCC, two capacitors and two resistors. The proposed filter has the following advantages：no requirement of critical component matching conditions, two grounded capacitors ideal for integration, and very low active and passive sensitivities.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程學系
88
In this thesis, we apply the Nullator-norator approach to propose five novel biquad filter circuits by employing active current-mode elements such as CCII(s), DO-CCII(s) and Unity-gain Cell(s). 1. Novel universal current-mode filters with single input and three outputs employing three DO-CCII’s The new universal current-mode filters with a single input and three outputs employing three dual-output second-generation current conveyors (DO-CCII’s), three grounded resistor, two grounded capacitors are presented. The proposed circuits offer the following advantageous features: universal current-mode filter realization from the same configuration, no requirements for critical component matching conditions in realizing the low-pass and band-pass filter responses, use of only two grounded capacitors ideal for integration, use of three grounded resistors good for magnitude adjustment, orthogonal control for ωo/Q and ωo through separate grounded resistors, high output impedance and low active and passive sensitivities. 2. Novel universal current-mode filters with single input and three outputs employing three DO-CCII’s The new universal current-mode filters with a single input and three outputs employing three dual-output second-generation current conveyors (DO-CCII’s), two grounded capacitors, one grounded and one virtually grounded resistor are presented. The proposed circuits offer the following advantageous features: universal current-mode filter realization from the same configuration, simultaneous realization of low-pass, band-pass and notch fliter responses from the high impedance terminal, no requirements for critical component matching conditions in realizing the low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass filter responses, use of only two grounded capacitors ideal for integration, high output impedance and low active and passive sensitivities. 3. Novel universal active current-mode filter with three inputs and single output employing three (CCII)s. The new universal current-mode filters with a single input and three outputs employing two (CCIIs), one dual output second-generation current conveyor(DO-CCII), two grounded resistor and two grounded capacitors are presented. The proposed circuits offer the following advantageous features: universal current-mode filter realization from the same configuration, no requirements for critical component matching conditions in realizing the low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass filter responses, use of only two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistor ideal for integration, two grounded resistors attractive for adjustment, high output impedance and low active and passive sensitivities. 4. Novel universal current-mode filters with single input and three outputs employing five Unity-gain cells The new universal current-mode filters with a single input and three outputs employing three dual-output unity gain current followers (CFs), two unity gain voltage buffers (VFs), two grounded capacitors and two virtually grounded resistors are presented. The proposed circuits offer the following advantageous features: universal current-mode filter realization from the same configuration, use of only two grounded capacitors ideal for integration, high output impedance and low active and passive sensitivities. 5. Novel universal current-mode filters with three inputs and one output employing five Unity-gain cells The new universal current-mode filters with three inputs and one output employing three current followers (CF), two voltage buffers (VFs), two grounded capacitors and three virtually grounded resistors are presented. The proposed circuits offer the following advantageous features: universal current-mode filter realization from the same configuration, no requirements for critical component matching conditions in realizing the low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass filter responses, use of only two grounded capacitors ideal for integration, high output impedance and low active and passive sensitivities. All the above proposed circuits have the simpler configuration than those proposed before. We use PSPICE and Matlab softwares to verify our result. Simulation agree well with theory.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電子電腦與通訊產業研發碩士專班
96
It has been verified that analog circuits designed by the current-mode active components have the advantages of low power consumption, low-suppy voltages, higher signal bandwidth, greater linearity, and large dynamic range. Therefore, at persent, there are many analog circuits realized by the current-mode active components. In this thesis, we aim at constructing a universal mixed-mode biquad filter by employing second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) as the current-mode active components. The filter circuit uses five CCIIs, seven resistors, and two grounded capacitors to realize lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and notch. Because of the mixed-mode filter, the circuit can have input currents and/or voltages and output currents and/or voltages. The biquad circuit used TSMC 0.35μm CMOS process plus HSPICE simulation with a power supply of ±1.65V. The parameters w0

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
91
Abstract In the this is ﹐a new universal current-mode filter with one input and three outputs is presented by employing three multi–output second–generation current controlled conveyor ( CCCⅡs ) and two grounded capacitor . The proposed circuits have the following advantageous features: simultaneous realization of five generic filter signals from the same configuration , no component matching conditions , orthogonal control of ωo and ωo／Q , employment of two grounded capacitors ideal for integrated circuit implementation, employment of no passive resistors﹐very low active and passive sensitivities, and simpler circuit structure.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
91
In the thesis, we proposed the synthesis of high-order current-mode CCCII-C filters with two inputs and multiple outputs. We use signal-flow-graph approach to design nth-order current-mode filters, and select the current-controlled current conveyor and capacitors for realizing this circuit. The proposed circuit can be controlled by using switches to obtain low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass signals from the same configuration. The proposed nth-order current-mode filter with two inputs and multiple outputs not only have the least number of components, but also use the grounded capacitor ideal for integration. Firstly, we proposed a new signal-flow-graph for realizing nth-order current-mode filters. By way of analyzing the signal-flow-graph, we can obtain the subgraphs of the signal-flow-graph. And we apply the subgraphs to realize the nth-order current-mode filter by using current-controlled current conveyor and capacitors. Secondly, we do the simulations of 2nd-order, 3rd-order, 6th-order current-mode filters to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed circuit. The proposed circuit can be controlled by switches to realize five generic filter functions without the need of any inverting-type or double input current signals. No component matching conditions and employment of the least number of components are two other advantage of the proposed nth-order current-mode filter. Finally, we do the Hspice simulations to validate the proposed circuit structure.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
91
The design of active filter circuits by using current conveyor with high performance has received much attention. The main research designs the nth order universal filter that uses Second generation Current Controlled Conveyors(CCCIIs) in the thesis. The characteristic of CCCII provides wide tunable range of their intrinsic resistance that is more suitable for monolithic integration and more helpful for easy circuit design. In the thesis, the author employs the minimum components, only n CCCIIs and only n grounded capacitors, to realize an nth-order current-mode universal filter structure which can simultaneously realize lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandreject and allpass filtering signals form the same configuration. Three approaches to design the nth order universal filter. The first approach of design uses the induction method, which is to construct a second-order model first, a third-order model ….. , and induce to an nth-order circuit structure final. The second approach is to use the signal flow diagram to do the approach of filter circuit design. The third approach is to use the multiloop feedback concept to realize the nth order universal filter. The nth order universal filter circuit has the minimum active and passive components and give five different generic filtering signal simultaneously from the same configuration. HSPICE simulation with use the process parameter of UMC05 LEVEL49 validates the proposed circuit structure. It can type out the proposed filter in an integrated form through layout and post simulation. PSPICE simulation is also used in the thesis that is helpful in the theoretical design.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
92
In recent one and a half decades, the current-mode circuit is proved to be much more precise than its voltage-mode counter part. Since the transconductance of an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and the inner intrinsic resistance at terminal x of a second-generation current controlled conveyor (CCCII) are electronically adjusted by the internal bias current, no resistors in the OTA-C or CCCII-C circuit become an important advantage in the active filter design. In the thesis, the current-mode high order OTA-C and CCCII-C MISOC (multi-input single-output circuit) structures are presented. The least number of active and passive elements, N, for n-th order filters is used in the design. Because all of the active and passive elements are grounded, it is attractive for integration and reduces the effect of parasitic capacitors. In the beginning, two powerful active elements, CCCIIs and OTAs, are introduced. Two circuit design approaches, signal-flow-graph and the use of building block, are used in the thesis. Then a multi-input and single-output circuit structure is successfully developed to realize the current-mode high-order universal (i.e., high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-reject and all-pass) filters. The proposed filter structure is implemented by the OTA-C or CCCII-C circuits. H-Spice simulation with TSMC025 parameter process validates the theory predictions for both OTA-C and CCCII-C circuit implementations, although the former is more precise in high frequency performance than the latter.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
92
There is a growing interest of high order filter designs in recent ten years. In this thesis, using signal flow chart, a new current mode nth-order universal (namely, low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch, all-pass) filter structure with double inputs and multiple outputs is proposed. Base upon this configuration, it would have the possessions of using the minimum active (Operational Transconductance Amplifier: OTA or Current-controlled Current Conveyor: CCCⅡ) and passive (Capacitors) components, as well as realizing all filtering functions without changing this configuration. Furthermore, the employment of single–input OTAs and grounded capacitors lead to good high-frequency operations under low supply voltages. The comparisons between two different types, one is using OTAs and capacitors or (OTA-C) while the other is using CCCⅡs and capacitors or (CCCⅡ-C), are presented by using H-spice simulations, with TSMC025 process and ±1.25V supply voltages, which validate good filtering, small noise and low sensitivity performances.

碩士
中原大學
電子工程研究所
98
In this paper, eight current mode first-order all-pass filters using second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) are presented. Each of the proposed filters has the same transfer function and provides the feature of high output impedance. Each of the proposed filters employs two CCIIs, two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors. Each of the first five filters employs two CCII+, then each of the others employs one CCII+ and CCII-. The filters use grounded capacitors and resistors, which is suitable for integrated circuit implementation. The proposed filters shall be cascaded because of the high output impedance. The plus-type CCII was implemented using one AD844, the minus-type CCII was implemented using two AD844s. The results of simulation verify that the theoretical analysis are included.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
92
The design of active filters by using current conveyors has received much attention in recent several decades. In this study, the voltag-mode high-order universal filter structure using the second generation current controlled conveyors and capacitors (CCCIIs-C) has been obtained by using weighting approach . First, we apply the block building approach to design a fundamental first-order CCCII-C filter circuit. The extension to nth-order filters leads to realize an nth-order voltage-mode universal filter structure which can simultaneously realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-reject , and allpass filtering signals from the same configuration. Note that any component matchings are not needed. The proposed nth-order voltage-mode filter structure has the least number, 2n+2, of active elements, only n grounded capacitors and no resistors. Finally, H-Spice simulation results of the proposed 3rd-order filter validate the theory predictions .

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
92
A synthesis method of high-order voltage-mode all-pass filters is proposed in this thesis. Using (n+2) Second-Generation Current Controlled Conveyors (CCCIIs) and n grounded capacitors to synthesize high-order all-pass filters is presented first. The operational Transconductance Amplifiers and Capacitors (OTA-C) implementation is also obtained from the CCCII-C implementation by using a succession of nullator-norator transformation equivalences. The synthesized all-pass filters simultaneously enjoy the following three important criteria：(i) the least number of active and passive components, (ii) the single-input active elements, and (iii) grounded capacitors. HSPICE simulation with TSMC025 LEVEL49 parameters validate the theory predictions.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
92
Active filter design by using current conveyor has received much attention in recent several decades. In this study, the high order voltage-mode universal filter structure using Second generation Current Controlled Conveyors (CCCIIs) is presented. The advantage of the CCCII with electronically tunable intrinsic resistance at terminal X leads to a synthesized network without any resistors which can simultaneously. In the realize lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandreject, and allpass signals from the same configuration. Only 2n+4 single-input CCCIIs and n grounded capacitors are needed to construct such a high-order voltage-mode universal filter. First, we synthesize a voltage-mode high-order lowpass, bandpass and highpass filter structure by using n+2 single-input active elements and n grounded capacitors. As a matter of fact, n+1 different order output signals can be taken out from n+1 different nodes in the synthesized network. Therefore, the linear combination of all the n+1 different order output signals leads to an arbitrary filter structure which can realize any kinds of filtering signals. Finally, HSPICE simulations with UMC05 level 49 parameters agree with theory very well.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
104
In this paper, we proposed a universal current mode second order Butterworth filter with three inputs and one output using five plus-type second-generation current conveyor(CCII+). The universal current filter circuit can be achieved with change input current , so the research objectives in this design method is proposed, the transfer function of the universal second-order current filter describe by matrix relationship, using current type active elements of the characteristics,and use of nodal analysis to complete the matrix relationship. 　　The current type active element: second-generation current conveyor (Second-generation Current Conveyor, referred CCII), CCII can be divided into plus-type (CCII+) and minus-type (CCII-), Since the implementation configuration of the plus-type CCII is simpler than minus-type CCII, so we using olny plus-type CCIIs in this design. 　　This paper is designed for operating frequency of 1MHz, and the software H-SPICE with TSMC 0.35um process parameters was use for simulation and theoretical verification. We check the function of the filter with stability, frequency response, Monte Carlo simulation, power loss, noise, sensitivity, dynamic range and linear range,and spectrum of intermodulation. Finally, looking forward to this paper designed second-order universal filter circuit can be made actual integrated circuit for use in the future.

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
92
Abstract In the thesis, we proposed a voltage-mode high-order lowpass, bandpass, and highpass by using the second-generation current controlled conveyors (CCCIIs). The lowpass, bandpass, and highpass signals can be obtained from different three nodes in the synthesized network topology. Only n+2 active elements and n grounded capacitors are the simplest structure to realize such an nth-order multi-function filter . Using nullator-and-norator equivalent transfor- -mations , the CCCII-based filter structure can be transformed to the Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)-based filter structure . The simulation comparison between CCCII-based and OTA-based filter structures has been done in terms of filter performance, noise, and sensitivity. Simulation results validate the theory predictions.

碩士
輔仁大學
電子工程學系
97
This thesis analysis the performance of an equalization/diversity-combiner operating in mobile radio environment with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transmission, frequency-selective Rayleigh fading, and co-channel interference (CCI). The finite-length MMSE linear equalization/diversity-combiner has been shown to be an effective receiver structure for eliminating intersymbol interference (ISI) and cyclostationary CCI. This receiver structure with finite-length equalization uses the linear scheme and the decision feedback (DFE) scheme according to the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) criterion. The simulation reveals that the symbol-spaced DFE, unlike operating in AWGN channel, cannot eliminate cyclostationary CCI efficiently and is even worse than symbol-spaced linear equalizer case. Since the accurate error probability estimation is time consuming, we use the Gaussian Quadrature Rule (GQR) method which is fast and accurate in evaluating average error probability.