Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Filtrage temporel'
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Ambellouis, Sébastien. "Analyse du mouvement dans les séquences d'images par une méthode récursive de filtrage spatio-temporel sélectif." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-77-78.pdf.
Full textAmbellouis, Sébastien Postaire Jack-Gérard. "Analyse du mouvement dans les séquences d'images par une méthode récursive de filtrage spatio-temporel sélectif." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2000-77-78.pdf.
Full textDucos, Lionel. "Contribution aux méthodes d'étalonnage en réflectométrie optique dans le domaine temporel. Mesure précise des faibles réflectances." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0021.
Full textChausse, Frédéric. "Reconstruction 3d de courbes parametriques polynomiales par filtrage temporel. Approche par cooperation vision par ordinateur/infographie. Application aux scenes routieres." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF21678.
Full textEzzine, Montassar. "Observation et commande des systèmes linéaires dans les domaines temporel et fréquentiel." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653058.
Full textCuzol, Anne Memin Étienne. "Analyse d'écoulements fluides à partir de séquences d'images estimation de champs de vitesses et suivi temporel par filtrage stochastique non linéaire /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2006/cuzol.pdf.
Full textCuzol, Anne. "Analyse d'écoulements fluides à partir de séquences d'images : estimation de champs de vitesses et suivi temporel par filtrage stochastique non linéaire." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S082.
Full textCardoso, Vanderlei Andrei. "Opérateurs rétiniens spatio-temporels pour la vision "bas-niveau"." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112093.
Full textThis work concerns the study of spatio-temporal operators on focal plane arrays. The first chapter of the thesis analyzes the various spatiotemporal operators and their integration within the retina. This survey has been illustrated by the conception of a retina for the tracking of less-than-one-pixel target detection. The algorithm implanted in this retina is constituted of a complex filtering and an operator of lateral inhibition with threshold. The integration of these operators was possible by developing a functional simulator that permitted to choose operators and to evaluate the influence of second order phenomena as the charge injection on the global performances of the circuit. The focal plane array has been implanted in CMOS 0. 8 mM technology. In the first appendix of the thesis is presented an original analog operator for synchronous detection operating from a rate of 10 kHz to 1 MHz. This operator has been implanted in CMOS 0. 6 mM technology
Fontaine, Ludovic. "Traitement des signaux à échantillonnage irrégulier : application au suivi temporel de paramètres cardiaques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL127N.
Full textMany compression methods turn the original signal into an irregularly sampled signal. Otherwise, systems, owing to their creation, only allow to gather signals with an irregular sampling. In order to be able to process these signals, various reconstruction methods have appeared since four decades. An original way to process such irregularly sample signals is to take the main characteristic of these signals into account, namely the variable time interval between two consecutive samples. In this work, we wanted to develop tools for the process of irregularly sampled signals, without having recourse to a total reconstruction of a regularly sampled signal. After having compressed the signal by a method allying compression ratio and fidelity of reconstruction, we obtain a non-equispaced sampled signal. The original idea consists in directly processing the irregularly sampled signal, and therefore, we have redefined the following methods and tools: addition, subtraction and multiplication of signals ; statistical operations such as zero and first orcier moments ; spectral analysis by Fourier transform ; low-pass and band-pass filterings ; identification, expansion. The whole of the tools and methods have been applied to the events detection in the electrocardiogram. A compression by our algorithm allows to reduce the storage memory of the ECG. On the one hand, the extraction of characteristic information of each beat of the ECG allows to collect and to follow the temporal evolution of time intervals, amplitudes, waveforms, energies. . . On the other hand, we realize the decomposition of each cardiac cycle of the irregularly sampled ECG on bases including a healthy normal beat and a beat of each arythmia. The evolution, in course of the time, of the decomposition coefficients can be joined to the evolution of the previously described parameters in order to merge them, to study their variations, and to improve the decision making in terms of arythmia
Corvec, Guillaume. "Analyse thermomécanique du comportement des verres inorganiques par imagerie infrarouge quantitative." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S049/document.
Full textThe infrared thermography is used to analyse the mechanical behavior of materials. Since the 80's, it has rised with the appearance of the first sensors. Two principal techniques has been developed; the quantitative calorimetry and the thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA). Until today, most of the works has been carried out on metals and polymers. This manuscript takes-up the challenge of applying these techniques to glassy materials by developing a methodology to denoise infrared movies, which allows to preserve the spatial resolution of the thermal measurement. It allows to caracterise high gradients of low temperature variation fields. This methodology has been used to denoised thermal movies of glass samples submitted to a cyclic mechanical test. In a first time, it has been applied to study the thermal response of an imprint at the microscopic scale. In a second time, stress and heat sources fields have been determined at the macroscopic scale. This work provides new possibilities to study the thermomechanical behavior of brittle materials which present a low thermal response and high spatial gradients under mechanical loading. The target applications are the cracking phenomenom and the identification of constitutive parameters
Reninger, Pierre-Alexandre. "Méthodologie d'analyse de levés électromagnétiques aéroportés en domaine temporel pour la caractérisation géologique et hydrogéologique." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802341.
Full textPetitjean, Julien. "Contributions au traitement spatio-temporel fondé sur un modèle autorégressif vectoriel des interférences pour améliorer la détection de petites cibles lentes dans un environnement de fouillis hétérogène Gaussien et non Gaussien." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14157/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with space-time adaptive processing in the radar’s field. To improve the detection’s performances, this approach consists in maximizing the ratio between the target’s power and the interference’s one, i.e. the thermal noise and the clutter. Several variants of its algorithm exist, one of them is based on multichannel autoregressive modelling of interferences. Its main problem lies in the estimation of autoregressive matrices with training data and guides our research’s work. Especially, our contribution is twofold.On the one hand, when thermal noise is considered negligible, autoregressive matrices are estimated with fixed point method. Thus, the algorithm is robust against non-gaussian clutter.On the other hand, a new modelling of interferences is proposed. The clutter and thermal noise are separated : the clutter is considered as a multichannel autoregressive process which is Gaussian and disturbed by the white thermal noise. Thus, new estimation’s algorithms are developed. The first one is a blind estimation based on errors in variable methods. Then, recursive approaches are proposed and used extension of Kalman filter : the extended Kalman filter and the Sigma Point Kalman filter (UKF and CDKF), and the H∞ filter. A comparative study on synthetic and real data with Gausian and non Gaussian clutter is carried out to show the relevance of the different algorithms about detection’s probability
Lopez, Villaverde Eduardo Rigoberto. "Imagerie ultrasonore dans des matériaux complexes par focalisation en tous points : développement d'une méthode de débruitage des images basées sur la décomposition de l'opérateur de retournement temporel." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC126/document.
Full textThis thesis is related to ultrasonic non-destructive testing and detection of defects in complex materials. Improvements of the Total Focusing Method (TFM) when images are corrupted bya high noise level are proposed. Three main points are developed : the optimization of the acquisition of the impulse response matrix K(t) using virtual sources or spatial coding ; the separation of subspaces associated with the signal and the noise using the decomposition of the time reversal operator (DORT) ; and the image formation in the time domain with TFM after the signal denoising. Two different types of noise are considered : the coherent noise linked to the heterogeneous structure of a coarse-grained steel, and the incoherent electronic noise introduced by the signal acquisition system in the case of a high attenuating viscoelastic material.The study also focuses on imaging artifacts generated by surface waves which propagate alonga contact array probe. The singular values associated with these guided modes are modeled tofacilitate the interpretation of the decomposition of the transfer matrix ˆK( f ), and to filter theartifacts. When the region of interest is far from the probe axis, an alternative approach to singular vector back-propagation is proposed in order to improve the quality of images formedin the frequency domain. This approach consists in combining the DORT method with the topologica limaging. After the noise and surface waves filtering, the TFM images are comparedwith those calculated by the singular vector back-propagation or by the topological imaging.Then, this work focuses on the detection in a polyethylene pipe of high viscoelastic attenuation introducing unwanted noise in the TFM images. To record the K(t) matrix while increasingthe ultrasonic penetration depth, two Hadamard pseudo-codes are developed, and the gainsare theoretically and experimentally justified. A theoretical model of the singular values associated with the noise is then proposed to facilitate the defect response extraction from thetransfer matrix ˆK( f ). Finally, a filtering procedure for Plane Wave Imaging (PWI) is proposed,which combines the advantages of virtual sources (used in the coarse-grained steel) and coded transmissions (used in the polyethylene), thus giving excellent performances in complex materials
Tran, Thanh Tinh. "Développement d'une méthode hybride RANS-LES temporelle pour la simulation de sillages d'obstacles cylindriques." Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823281.
Full textCastellanos, SÁnchez Claudio. "Modèle connexionniste neuromimétique pour la perception visuelle embarquée du mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011483.
Full textLe modèle connexionniste proposé pour la perception visuelle du mouvement est constitué de trois modules : le premier opère un filtrage spatio-temporel causal issu des filtres de Gabor et inspiré des réponses des cellules simples du cortex visuel primaire, V1. Le deuxième met en place un mécanisme distribué de fortes interactions localisées fondé sur un principe antagoniste inspiré de l'organisation en colonnes d'orientation dans V1. Finalement, en nous inspirant des propriétés des champs récepteurs des neurones de MT et MST (aire temporelle moyenne et supérieur moyenne, respectivement), nous intégrons les réponses du second module et les envoyons au troisième. Ce dernier fait émerger un seul objet en mouvement à travers l'évolution en différentes cartes des interactions latérales, en pro-action et en retro-action d'une population neuronale densément interconnectée selon le principe de la CNFT (Continuum Neural Field Theory). L'attention sur l'objet émergé nous permet donc de le suivre.
M'Halla, Anis. "Contribution à la gestion des perturbations dans les systèmes manufacturiers à contraintes de temps." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612819.
Full textSéguret, Serge. "Géostatistique des phénomènes à tendance périodique (dans l'espace-temps)." Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0247.
Full textGirondel, Vincent. "Contribution à l'analyse et à l'interprétation du mouvement humain : application à la reconnaissance de postures." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00156572.
Full textL'analyse du mouvement humain fait intervenir plusieurs processus de traitement d'images tels que la segmentation d'objets en mouvement, le suivi temporel, la détection de peau, les modèles de corps humain et la reconnaissance d'actions ou de postures. Nous proposons une méthode de suivi temporel en deux étapes permettant de suivre au cours du temps une ou plusieurs personnes même si elles s'occultent entre elles. Cette méthode est basée sur un calcul d'intersection de boîtes englobantes rectangulaires et sur un filtrage partiel de Kalman. Puis nous explicitons une méthode de détection de peau par une approche couleur afin de localiser leurs visages et leurs mains. Toutes ces étapes préliminaires donnent accès à de nombreuses informations bas-niveau. Dans une dernière partie, nous utilisons une partie de ces informations pour reconnaître les postures statiques de personnes parmi les quatre postures suivantes: debout, assis, accroupi et couché. De nombreux résultats illustrent les avantages et les limitations des méthodes proposées, ainsi que leur efficacité et robustesse.
Laveau, Nicolas. "Mouvement et vidéo : estimation, compression et filtrage morphologique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003299.
Full textMarilly, Emmanuel. "Pré-processeur de vision fovéale : application à la vision active." Le Havre, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEHA0003.
Full textIn the context of mobile robot, we have evolved a first simplified model of foveal vision : the Retina model. It is based on an artificial neural network organised to simulate the radial variation of the visual acuity. The information is encoded through the implementation of analogue and impulse neurons. The main interest of this model is its response to stationary or moving which can be distinguished both according to their shapes and velocities. This model is adaptive and its multi-resolution characteristics allow the detection of a wide range of velocities. From impulse output signals of Retina, we extract the pertinent parameters that encode the motion and pattern information thanks to a time frequency analysis. These parameters are used to track the stimuli. The developed model consists in three modules : - the Retina module which carries out the visual processing. - the process module which carries out the signal processing of the neural signals and extracts the velocity vector and the spatial frequencies (shape of the stimulus). - the command module which places the fovea on the stimulus and tracks it. The use of a sensor of biological inspiration : the impulse Retina, for the motion detection, the extraction of the velocity vector, the pattern recognition and the tracking, bring many advantages. Indeed, as in the biological retina, our sensor adapts to the various conditions of illumination and is robust to noise. We validate this smart sensor by using a real time sequence image which enables us to study its behaviour under real conditions. The adaptivity and the multiresolution of the Retina take all their importance when we use real images
Laveau, Nicolas. "Mouvement et video : estimation, compression et filtrage morphologique." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1346.
Full textThis thesis deals with video sequences and successively focuses on the main themes of video compression - motion estimation, spatial and temporal transforms, coefficient quantization and coding - then on these of spatio-temporal filtering and video segmentation. Two motion estimation schemes are studied, one based on the projection of the optical flow equation on a wavelet basis, the other on the multiscale minimization of a motion field described by a piecewise bilinear model. We then focus on the adaptation of a rate allocation model developped for still images in the h263 standard. We develop two lifting-based wavelet transforms, one for the spatial domain, the other for the motion field. Lastly, we introduce structuring elements that follow the motion field to create a 2d+t mathematical morphology
Jerbi, Nabil. "Apports et Intégration de la Robustesse pour la Supervision de Systèmes Manufacturiers." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00141333.
Full textUne axiomatique rigoureuse a été développée pour la caractérisation analytique de propriétés de commandabilité. Plus précisément, la robustesse est abordée avec et sans modification de la commande relative à la robustesse active et à la robustesse passive respectivement, face aux perturbations temporelles. Un algorithme de calcul d'une borne inférieure de la robustesse passive est présenté. De plus, une condition suffisante pour l'existence de la robustesse active a été fournie.
Par ailleurs, l'observabilité de ces variations a été étudiée et particulièrement leur localisation. Dans une logique de surveillance de la qualité du produit, des résultats sur la détection et la localisation de violation de contraintes sont présentés.
La situation de nos travaux, vis-à-vis d'une architecture générale de conduite d'atelier, s'est concrétisée par une proposition d'intégration de la connaissance analytique de la robustesse dans le filtrage des comptes rendus associés aux opérations. Cette contribution au niveau du module de surveillance/supervision constitue un des apports de la robustesse à envisager.
Damon, Vianney. "Filtrage programmable et mémoire quantique dans Er 3+ YSO." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877060.
Full textM'halla, Anis. "Contribution à la gestion des perturbations dans les systèmes manufacturiers à contraintes de temps." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0008/document.
Full textThe works proposed in this thesis are interested in controlling and monitoring of a particular class of production system : manufacturing job-shops with time constraints. We suppose in the study that the resources are allocated and the operations order is fixed by the module of planning/scheduling. The assumptions of repetitive functioning mode with and without assembling tasks are adopted. For this type of problems, the formalism of P-time Petri nets is used in order to study the operations time constraints.A study of the robustness of the manufacturing workshop to time constraints, has been developed. The robustness is approached with and without control reaction qualified as active robustness and passive robustness respectively, towards time disturbances. A computing algorithm of the upper bound of the passive robustness is presented. In addition, three robust control strategies facing time disturbances were developed.Furthermore, uncertainty in manufacturing systems has been studied. Our contribution in this context is by integration of the analytical knowledge of the robustness in the filtering mechanism of sensors signals that are associated to operations, by using fuzzy logic.Starting from a controlled system, we have presented in detail, a method to be followed for the implementation of a monitoring model based on the chronicles and fuzzy fault tree analysis. This approach is applied to a milk production unit
Barkaoui, Ahmed. "La désagrégation temporelle des séries d'observations économiques." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100055.
Full textThis thesis treats the problem encountered in econometric modeling when temporal observations on certain variables are available only in a temporally aggregated fora. The practical solution consists of estimating disaggregated series which are consistent with the observed data (temporal disaggregation procedures). This estimation can be done only by aggregated series or by using some related series -if available- observed in the suit time periods. The analysis of the principal procedures used in statistic organisms or in econometric software’s, has allowed to propose -for a given problem- a criterion of selection based on a priori known on time series and on statistical tests. The problem of temporal disaggregation was extended to the case of a vector of variables when the sum of the latters is observed in disaggregated data. Two applications were performed: the first was performed on the construction of the quarterly series of productive investment (fbcf) by activity branch. The second on the estimation of monthly merchant gdp. If we assume that the disaggregated series can be generated by whatever completely specified dynamic model, new methods can resolve the problem using the states space representation and the kalean filter and smoothing technics
Pau, Grégoire. "Ondelettes et décompositions spatio-temporelles avancées : application au codage vidéo scalable." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002189.
Full textVignon, Francois. "Focalisation d'ultrasons par retournement temporel et filtre inverse, application à l'échographie transcrânienne." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010706.
Full textCorrêa, Laís. "Simulação de grandes escalas de escoamentos turbulentos com filtragem temporal via método de volumes finitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-27092016-161820/.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to develop a numerical method for large eddy simulation of tridimensional turbulent flows using a model based on temporal filtering (TLES - Temporal Large Eddy Simulation). The developed method combines at least 2nd order temporal discretizations (Adams-Bashforth, QUICK, Runge-Kutta), a 2nd order projection method, and 2nd order spatial discretizations obtained by the finite volume method. This methodology was employed to the simulation of turbulent benchmark problems such as channel and lid-driven cavity flows. The latter is simulated for the first time using a TLES turbulence modelling. Results show excellent agreement when compared to Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) and experimental data, with better results than classical results produced by standard LES formulation with spatial filtering.
Duffal, Vladimir. "Développement d’un modèle hybride RANS-LES pour l’étude des efforts instationnaires en paroi." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3015.
Full textThis work is devoted to turbulence modelling using hybrid RANS-LES approaches. These approaches offer the best potential to reach the compromise between the capability of LES to capture the large-scale structures in regions of interest, and the low-computational cost of RANS calculations in regions where LES resolution is not required or too CPU-demanding, notably in near-wall regions. The industrial objective for EDF is to use these methods to predict unsteady loads on large components (reactor coolant pumps) of pressurized water reactors.In this regard, a new formulation of HTLES (Hybrid Temporal Large-Eddy Simulation) is developed, in order to improve the theoretical foundation of the model, applying the Hybrid-Equivalence criterion. The interest of this model lies in the use of temporal filtering, to control the energy partition between resolved and modeled scales, ensuring a consistent bridging between RANS and LES models. The HTLES approach is applied to several RANS models, and the model is calibrated in decaying isotropic turbulence. In addition, a similar analysis shows for the first time that it is possible, from theoretical considerations, to derive a hybrid RANS-LES model based on scale modifications in a RANS model, which explicitly tends towards a standard LES model in LES regions.The control of the RANS-to-LES transition in near-wall regions is a major concern in this work. In order to improve the behavior of the HTLES model, a two-fold shielding function (depending on physical parameters and mesh criteria) and an internal consistency constraint are introduced, aiming at enforcing the RANS mode when the activation of the LES mode is not suitable. The validation process of the upgraded version of the model is carried out on channel and periodic-hill flows, reaching the expected outcomes: accuracy of the predictions and robustness of HTLES to grid coarsening. Moreover, it is shown that resolved vortices coming from the LES zone penetrates into the near-wall RANS region down to the wall, enabling the hybrid model to fairly reproduce the low frequencies. The capacity of HTLES to provide information on energy and pressure spectra at the wall is assessed, which is decisive to predict unsteady loads. Hence, HTLES offers a cost-saving alternative to a wall-resolved LES.Finally, the work focuses on a zonal control of HTLES (enforcing the RANS mode in large portions of the domain where the LES mode is not required), applying the ALF (Anisotropic Linear Forcing) at the RANS-to-HTLES interfaces to promote turbulent fluctuations. This feasibility study offers promising results
Vignon, François. "Focalisation d' ultrasons par retournement temporel et filtre inverse : application à l' échographie transcrânienne." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010706.
Full textFlorin, Charles. "Segmentation à partir de modèles probabilistes spatio-temporels à information clairsemée : contributions et applications." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0707.
Full textARAÚJO, Lenyneves Duarte Alvino de. "Variação espacial e temporal da diversidade funcional a partir de atributos reprodutivos em floresta de brejo de altitude, Nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/20409.
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As peculiaridades das comunidades biológicas resultam da dinâmica e interação de diferentes processos ecológicos e evolutivos que atuam no espaço e no tempo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi calcular a diversidade funcional (DF) em escalas temporal e espacial, a partir da análise de atributos reprodutivos das plantas como atributos funcionais, em floresta úmida. No primeiro capítulo, testamos a variação espacial das diversidades, funcional e taxonômica. Postulamos que essas diversidades variam em função de filtros abióticos e antrópicos locais. A inclinação do terreno atuou como filtro ambiental, de forma que, na comunidade estudada, a filtragem ambiental predominou nos locais mais íngremes, levando à redução da DF. Por sua vez, outros processos de nicho parecem predominar nos locais mais planos, levando ao aumento da DF. No segundo capítulo, testamos a variação temporal da DF e do número de espécies em eventos fenológicos, e se as variáveis climáticas atuam como preditoras desses eventos e da DF. Corroborando a literatura, registramos sazonalidade nos eventos baseados no número de espécies. Por outro lado, registramos ausência de sazonalidade nos eventos funcionais. Calcular a DF através de análises fenológicas foi uma maneira inédita de compreender a funcionalidade no tempo. A partir disso, também discutimos a ocupação do nicho temporal. Concluímos que a DF variou no espaço, direcionada pela microtopografia, mas não variou significativamente no tempo, mostrando estabilidade temporal da diversidade funcional na comunidade.
The peculiarities of biological communities result from the dynamics and interaction of different ecological and evolutionary processes that act in space and time. The aim of this study was to calculate the functional diversity (FD) in temporal and spatial scales, from the analysis of reproductive attributes of plants as functional traits, a rainforest fragment. In the first chapter, we tested the spatial variation of functional and taxonomic diversities. We postulate that these diversities vary according to local abiotic and anthropic filters. As the terrain slope acted as an environmental filter, environmental filtering prevailed in steep areas, leading to reduced FD. On the other hand, other niche-based processes seem to predominate in the flat areas, leading to increased FD. In the second chapter, we tested the temporal variation of FD and the number of species in phenological events, and if climatic variables act as predictors of these phenological events and FD. Corroborating the literature, we recorded seasonality in events based on the number of species. On the other hand, we recorded absence of seasonality in functional diversity. Calculating FD through phenological analyses was a novel way to understand the functionality in time. From this, we also we discuss the occupation of temporal niche. We conclude that FD varied in space, driven by microtopography, but did not vary significantly in time, showing temporal stability of functional diversity in the community.
Souza, José Eduardo Pereira. "Proposta de filtragem adaptativa de pulsos transientes para proteção de circuitos integrados sob efeito da radiação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/99334.
Full textThis dissertation proposes the use of an adaptive filtering technique of transient pulses in order to protect the integrated circuit under the effect of radiation. To ensure this technique it is necessary to use a tolerant radiation flip-flop having the ability to have a configurable delay adjustment. The purpose of the use a programmable radiation hardened flip-flop is having option of to select the most appropriate delay in the SET temporal filtering for each flip-flop in a circuit. Thus, each flip-flop can filter SETs by using different delays based on the propagation-delay of its logical path. The propagation-delay variances among multiple paths can be used to increase or reduce the delay of the SET filtering. This approach was validated in a case-study by electrical simulation with injection of thousands of SET pulses of different widths, which were randomly injected in a circuit with adaptive filtering technique and the results showed efficient use of this SET filtering technique in integrated circuits. In order to maximize the results of this technique a new programmable delay element was developed and inserted into the flip-flop. This approach of the new element was validated in a second case-study, using a set of benchmark circuits from ISCAS’85 was also evaluated by injecting faults. Results showed that using the proposed method, the number of errors can be reduced without decreasing the performance and with low area overhead.
Bedutti, Anézio Deivid. "Um modelo espaço-temporal aplicado à agricultura de precisão /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94201.
Full textAbstract: The control of weeds is a major challenge in cultivation of agricultural areas. When present in uncontrolled quantities, these plants generate a decrease in productivity and cause significant and undesirable losses. The losses, combined with the high cost of control, motivate the development of tools to aid in taking decision, as maps of distribution of weed, to located handling of herbicides. In this work, was considered the application of a spatial-temporal model for construction of distribution maps of seed weeds in an agricultural area of corn plantation (Zea mays). Were analyzed real data, for the species Digitaria ciliaris, Euphorbia heterophilla L., Cenchrus echinatus L. and Bidens Pilosa L., and also simulated data. The model involves a combination of kriging estimation and Kalman filter.
Orientador: Maurílio Boaventura
Coorientador: Vilma Alves Oliveira
Banca: Geraldo Nunes Silva
Banca: Paulo Estevão Cruvinel
Mestre
Bedutti, Anézio Deivid [UNESP]. "Um modelo espaço-temporal aplicado à agricultura de precisão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94201.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O controle de plantas daninhas constitui um dos principais desafios no cultivo de área agrícolas. Quando presentes em quantidades descontroladas, estas plantas geram a diminuição na produtividade e ocasionam perdas significativas e indesejáveis. As perdas, aliadas ao alto custo de controle, motivam o desenvolvimento de ferramentas no auxílio a tomada de decisão, como mapas da distribuição de daninhas, visando o manejo localizado de herbicidas. Neste trabalho, considera-se a aplicação de um modelo espaço-temporal para a construção de mapas da distribuição de sementes de plantas daninhas em uma área agrícola de plantação de milho (Zea mays). Foram analisados dados reais, para as espécies Digitaria ciliaris, Euphorbia heterophilla L., Cenchrus echinatus L. e Bidens Pilosa L. e tamb´em dados simulados. O modelo envolve a combinação de estimação por krigagem e o filtro de Kalman.
The control of weeds is a major challenge in cultivation of agricultural areas. When present in uncontrolled quantities, these plants generate a decrease in productivity and cause significant and undesirable losses. The losses, combined with the high cost of control, motivate the development of tools to aid in taking decision, as maps of distribution of weed, to located handling of herbicides. In this work, was considered the application of a spatial-temporal model for construction of distribution maps of seed weeds in an agricultural area of corn plantation (Zea mays). Were analyzed real data, for the species Digitaria ciliaris, Euphorbia heterophilla L., Cenchrus echinatus L. and Bidens Pilosa L., and also simulated data. The model involves a combination of kriging estimation and Kalman filter.
Jullien, Aurélie. "Génération d'impulsions laser ultra brèves et ultra intenses à contraste temporel élevé." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0013.
Full textYon, Sylvain. "Contrôle du champ acoustique en milieu réverbérant et applications à la communication." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006478.
Full textDelhay, Bertrand Clarysse Patrick Magnin Isabelle. "Estimation spatio-temporelle de mouvement et suivi de structures déformables application à l'imagerie dynamique du coeur et du thorax /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=delhay.
Full textDelhay, Bertrand. "Estimation spatio-temporelle de mouvement et suivi de structures déformables : application à l'imagerie dynamique du coeur et du thorax." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0119/these.pdf.
Full textThe motivation of this study is the extraction of quantitative parameters characterizing the dynamics of moving organs from three-dimensional cardiac and thoracic image sequences. Our approach is based on non-linear parametric registration technique. The deformation model, known as free form deformation transformation, is based on a hierachical multi-scale parametric representation using B-Spline basis functions. We quickly noticed the limits of this 3D approach for motion estimation and tracking in sequences and the need for introducing temporal constraints. First of all, we contributed to the construction of a probabilistic dynamic model of the 4 cardiac chambers. The geometrical model of the structures consists of a set of pseudo-markers which describe the evolution of cardiac surfaces. A sampling of the trajectories of these pseudo-markers is adapted to the image sequence of images. This results in a statistical model made up of an average shape and variations estimated by Parzen windowing at each time points. A parametric and continuous state model of the spatio-temporal transformations is introduced. An algorithm based on the Kalman filter estimates the parameters of this model under the constraint of motion periodicity. The principal advantage of this method is to take into account all the images in the sequence. This proposed framework allows the contextual adaptation of the complexity of the motion model. In order to decrease computing times, a parallel version and various strategies were implemented, in particular on a multiprocessors architecture. Lastly, an evaluation of the parameters influence is proposed on synthetic and real cases
Chéchin, David. "Construction d'un modèle et d'une méthode de filtrage de signaux de RMN par une approche probabiliste : Applications à la spectroscopie proton 1H simple volume." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2040.
Full textNguyêñ, Văn Tâm. "Modulateur sigma delta passe-haut et son application au convertisseur sigma delta à l'entrecalement temporel." Paris, ENST, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000929.
Full textThe analog-to-digital converter based on the delta sigma modulation is capable of providing a very high resolution. Although it requires an oversampling, it is not sensitive to the imperfections of the components. The conventional delta sigma modulator is thus very popular for narrowband applications requiring a very high resolution. In this thesis, we consider the extension of the delta sigma modulators towards wideband applications. First, we studied parallel architectures basing on the delta sigma modulation and proposed a new architecture basing on the high-pass delta sigma modulation and time-interleaved allowing to reduce significantly the characteristic problem of parallelism, namely the channel mismatch. We then studied the high-pass delta sigma modulator and proposed an implementation in switched-capacitor technique. This new modulator, contrary to the conventional modulator, is completely immune to the low frequency noise and can be used not only in a parallel architecture, but also as stand-alone modulator. We also modelled the main non-idealities of the delta sigma modulator in VHDL-AMS for finally arriving at a top-down design methodology which makes it possible to derive the specifications of all the circuit blocks from the performance aimed for the complete system. The implementation of a high-pass second order delta sigma modulator and a time-interleaved high-pass delta sigma converter was carried out in 0. 35 micrometer CMOS technology. Finally, our work allowed us to demonstrate, not only the advantages of the high-pass delta sigma modulator, but also a promising prospect of the parallel delta sigma modulators for the wide band applications
Rezig, Sawsen. "Étude et amélioration du suivi tridimensionnel des flux d’air dans une pièce de bâtiment." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEE002/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we describe an approach for Lagrangian characterizing of airflows using particle tracking velocimetry, a camera system was implemented here and Helium filled bubbles images were acquired in a synchronized way. We developed a new system for particle trajectories calculation based on a multi-scale image processing technique and well-known 3D reconstruction methods. Our system allows tracking particles in 3D space and providing yet a global description of airflows in large-scale environment.The application is supposed to improve the optimization of ventilation in building rooms in order to reduce energy consumption by optimal positioning and shaping of air diffusers. A major constraint here is to preserve human comfort
Jullien, Aurélie. "Génération d'impulsions laser ultra-brèves et ultra-intenses à contraste temporel élevé." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00077486.
Full textLe travail présenté consiste en l'étude théorique et expérimentale d'un filtre temporel basé sur un effet non linéaire du troisième ordre, agissant sur la polarisation de l'impulsion. Nous avons étudié plusieurs déclinaisons de ce principe. Le dispositif finalement retenu repose sur la génération d'une onde polarisée orthogonalement (XPW) dans des matériaux cristallins dont la susceptibilité non linéaire d'ordre trois est anisotrope. Ce filtre non linéaire a été testé sur différents systèmes femtosecondes et permet l'amélioration du contraste sur plusieurs ordres de grandeur, comme le confirment les mesures de profils temporels sur une grande dynamique réalisées après filtrage. Nous avons également conçu un dispositif pour optimiser l'efficacité de conversion du processus non linéaire, c'est-à-dire la transmission du filtre. Cette méthode consiste à générer des interférences constructives entre les signaux XPW émis dans des cristaux distincts. Dans ces conditions, l'efficacité de transmission théorique (supérieure à 20%) est atteinte expérimentalement et dans le même temps la stabilité du système est assurée. Nous avons enfin démontré que le filtre préserve, voire améliore, les qualités spectrales et spatiales de l'impulsion.
Ces résultats sont donc particulièrement prometteurs et permettent d'envisager l'implémentation définitive du filtre dans les systèmes femtosecondes.
Marin, Răzvan-Cristian. "Transmetteurs radiofréquences numériques fortement parallélisés avec amplificateur de puissance commuté et filtre de bande embarqués en technologie 28nm FD-SOI CMOS." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10100/document.
Full textThe present PhD work covers the study, design and demonstration of all-digital transmitters targeting advanced communication standards for mobile applications in the frame of the Internet of Things (IoT). Key innovations are time-interleaved Delta-Sigma modulators (DSM) and a power and area-efficient switched-capacitor (SC) finite impulse response power amplifier (FIR-PA). The common FIR-PA block uses exclusively inverters and capacitors in a switched-capacitor configuration, thus being fully compatible with advanced CMOS technology nodes. The prototype is integrated in 28nm FD‐SOI CMOS technology with 10 metal layers and body biasing fine-tuning features. The proposed digital RF transmitter achieves 13.5 in‐band effective number of bits and is 900 MHz LTE‐compliant. The overall power consumption is 35 mW at 2.9 dBm peak output power and 1V supply. With respect to relevant state-of-the art, at similar output power levels, the FIR‐PA consumes 7 times less than a 10‐bit DSM‐based DAC and 25% less than a 12‐bit resistive DAC. The total active area is 0.047 mm2, at least 4 times lower than the smallest previously published work. Consequently, this work stands out for low power consumption thanks to the single-bit core solution combined with band filtering and low area achieved with a multi-layer FIR-PA cell structure. It demonstrates the transition from traditional analog to highly integrated digital-intensive transmitters targeting the future of mobile applications
Ibars, Philippe. "Contribution des petits nombres d'onde au champ pariétal de pression induit par une couche limite turbulente bidimensionnelle : comparaison de différentes techniques expérimentales." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0012.
Full textBodi, Geoffroy. "Débruitage, déconvolution et extraction de caractéristiques de signaux dans le domaine temporel pour imagerie biomédicale optique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1588.
Full textFadai-Ghotbi, Atabak. "Modélisation de la turbulence en situation instationnaire par approches URANS et hybride RANS-LES : prise en compte des effets de paroi par pondération elliptique." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163592.
Full textJoly, Baptiste. "Optimisation de la résolution temporelle en Tomographie par Emission de Positons dédiée au contrôle de dose en hadronthérapie." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505129.
Full textZarzoso, Vicente. "Traitement aveugle et semi-aveugle du signal pour les télécommunications et le génie biomédical." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486872.
Full textEl, Assaad Hani. "Modélisation et classification dynamique de données temporelles non stationnaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1162/document.
Full textNowadays, diagnosis and monitoring for predictive maintenance of railway components are important key subjects for both operators and manufacturers. They seek to anticipate upcoming maintenance actions, reduce maintenance costs and increase the availability of rail network. In order to maintain the components at a satisfactory level of operation, the implementation of reliable diagnostic strategy is required. In this thesis, we are interested in a main component of railway infrastructure, the railway switch; an important safety device whose failure could heavily impact the availability of the transportation system. The diagnosis of this system is therefore essential and can be done by exploiting sequential measurements acquired successively while the state of the system is evolving over time. These measurements consist of power consumption curves that are acquired during several switch operations. The shape of these curves is indicative of the operating state of the system. The aim is to track the temporal dynamic evolution of railway component state under different operating contexts by analyzing the specific data in order to detect and diagnose problems that may lead to functioning failure. This thesis tackles the problem of temporal data clustering within a broader context of developing innovative tools and decision-aid methods. We propose a new dynamic probabilistic approach within a temporal data clustering framework. This approach is based on both Gaussian mixture models and state-space models. The main challenge facing this work is the estimation of model parameters associated with this approach because of its complex structure. In order to meet this challenge, a variational approach has been developed. The results obtained on both synthetic and real data highlight the advantage of the proposed algorithms compared to other state of the art methods in terms of clustering and estimation accuracy