Journal articles: 'Final cover'

1

Stark, T. D., and E. J. Newman. "Design of a landfill final cover system." Geosynthetics International 17, no. 3 (June 2010): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gein.2010.17.3.124.

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Vangpaisal, Thaveesak. "Simulation of Final Cover Systems in Mitigating Landfill Gas Migration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.886.

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Landfill cover systems have to serve as a hydraulic barrier as well as a gas barrier. The ability of multilayered cover systems to mitigate landfill gas migration was assessed. A finite element model, SEEP/W®, was used to simulate the landfill cover system. It was found that gas advective flux through the single GCL barrier was highly dependent on the differential gas pressure across the cover system and the conditions of soils above the barrier layer. The change from wet to dry condition resulted in the increase of gas flux up to 3000 times. Gas flux variations were much lower for the case of a single CCL. The use of a geomembrane on top of a CCL or a GCL significantly increased the effectiveness of the barrier layer in mitigating gas migration, particularly in a dry climatic condition. Furthermore, the change of the cover conditions had less effect on gas flux through a composite cover system than gas flux through a single barrier cover system. For the effective control of landfill gas migration, the cover system must be maintained at the high moisture content conditions.

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Rodari Gutierrez, Germán Javier, and Luciano Agustín Oldecop. "Test plot study of a tailings stack final cover prototype." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133704006.

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Waste storage facilities must be protected against weathering once mining operations come to end, in order to ensure structural integrity and to avoid environmental pollution. Cover systems consisting on earthen materials layers that are placed over the wastes are a widely spread solution to fulfil such requirement. This paper presents an experimental study of a cover system intended to protect a waste storage facility study case located in the arid eastern foothills of the Central Andes range, Argentina. At the study case, filtered tailings and waste rock are stored conjunctly. Both materials are stacked as alternating layers, roughly one-meter thickness each. The cover prototype is comprised of the stack topmost tailings layer, which is expected to act as the store-and-release element of a WB cover. The prototype design also includes a waste rock layer placed on top of the tailings, to avoid wind and runoff erosion. A total of 6 study plots have been setup, each equipped with water content and matric suction sensors. The plots location was decided to tackle cover response under sloping and horizontal ground conditions. The performance of three different waste rock layer thicknesses are being studied under both placement inclinations. Available data shows that the prototype comprising a 10cm thick waste rock layer has served satisfactorily to avoid deep percolation and tailings erosion.

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Liu, Chia‐Nan. "Working‐strain based design of landfill final cover systems." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 26, no. 2 (March 2003): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2003.9670776.

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MOOSA, TANAEEM M., SUMAIYA NAZEEN, M. SOHEL RAHMAN, and REZWANA REAZ. "INFERRING STRINGS FROM COVER ARRAYS." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 05, no. 02 (June 2013): 1360005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830913600057.

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Covers, being one of the most popular form of regularities in strings, have drawn much attention in the relevant literature. In this paper, we focus on the problem of linear-time inference of strings from cover arrays using the least sized alphabet. We present an algorithm that can reconstruct a string x over a binary alphabet whenever a valid cover array C is given as an input. We have devised our algorithm using several interesting combinatorial properties of cover arrays as well as an interesting relation between border array and cover array. Our algorithm runs in linear-time. The fact that, from any valid cover array, we can infer a binary string x, is, in itself, a fascinating result in stringology, and this work may be considered as the final step for this particular problem area.

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Mei, Fu Liang, and Gui Ling Li. "Study on Gas Pressure Characteristics in Multi-Layered Landfills of Municipal Solid Waste." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3507.

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In this treatise one-dimensional mathematical model of gas migration in multi-layered landfills of MSW on seepage mechanics of multi-pore media and Darcy’s seepage law. Analysis of gas migration in multi-layered landfills is carried out for three different cases. The gas pressure distribution characteristics in multi-layered landfills of MSW, the effects of final/internal soil cover, the permeability and thickness of the final soil cover, the permeability and gas generation rate of MSW on the gas pressure distributions are investigated. Results show that the bigger is the ratio of gas generation rate to gas permeability of MSW, the bigger is the gas pressure in a uniform MSW landfill. The gas generation rate of MSW mainly controls the size of gas pressure, and the gas permeability of MSW dominates the gas pressure distribution characteristics in a uniform MSW landfill with a final soil cover. The smaller is the gas permeability of the final soil cover or the bigger is the gas generation rate of MSW the bigger is the gas pressure gradient inside the final soil cover

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Lim, Sun Whae, Cheol Hyeon Jang, Byong Ro Ryu, and Yong Soon Lee. "A Study on the Control of Attached Algae by Installing the Drainage Cover Device for the Final Sedimentation of Sewage Treatment Plant." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.4.265.

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Objectives : Adherent algae which are generated in the final sedimentation weir of the sewage treatment plant and the drainage channel, affect the quality of the final effluent water, and it has bad aesthetic effect due to fomation of flcok floating in the sedimentation tank. Therefore, the purpose of this study is prevention of the growth of adherent algae in advance by installing circular cover on the final sedimentation weir and drainage channels.Methods : In this study, we compared the growth pattern of adhered algae on weir and drainage channels before and after installation of circular cover at the final sedimentation weir and drainage channel of the sewage treatment plant. In addition, to identity species of attached algaem microscopic observation was applied, and ch-a concentration was analyzed to confirm the quality of the final effluent water.Results and Discussion : Then, we compared the results before and after installation of cover to check adhesion status of algae on the surface of final sedimentation drain. In case without cover, it was confirmed by observing the growth of attached algae under normal condition with air and photosynthetic reaction, and in case with cover, it was compared with opening after a certain period of time after installation of the drainage cover. As a result of the comparison, it was confirmed that a lot of attached algae occurred in the sedimentary weir and the drain. From the above results, the occurrence of final sedimentation algae is not only affected by the material and season of the drainage, but also after the formation a cluster by algae that have strong adhesion force, and then the microbial species contained in the effluent build secondary attachment and forms colony.Conclusions : In order to prevent the growth of adherent algae, a method of suppression of the growth of adherent algae by inhibition of photosynthesis was studied by installing a cover device on the weir and drain channels. As a result of installing a cover (34,000 thousand won) and reviewing economic feasibility, it can be recovered in 2.6 years, and stainless steel was selected in the view of mechanical stability and facility aging. The final sedimentation water quality increased 99.8% of Ch-a concentration treatment efficiency and 15% of SS sedimentation efficiency by installing a cover.

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Macaulay, Andrew. "Mental Health Act 1983 (UK, 1983, 28 mins)." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 10, no. 10 (October 1986): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0140078900023300.

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Few people will have read the Mental Health Act 1983 from cover to cover and so the makers of this programme are to be congratulated on producing a timely, well-produced visual synopsis. The programme comes with an excellent transcript and contents but, in fact, the programme stands alone and can be watched without reference to these. It is divided into four parts; firstly the philosophy and background, the civil commitals, criminal commitals, and the final part covers the Mental Health Act Commission and rights for detained patients.

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Benson, Craig H., Patricia A. Thorstad, Ho-Young Jo, and Steven A. Rock. "Hydraulic Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners in a Landfill Final Cover." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 133, no. 7 (July 2007): 814–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2007)133:7(814).

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Kwon, Ohjung, and Wanjei Cho. "Field applicability of self-recovering sustainable liner as landfill final cover." Environmental Earth Sciences 62, no. 8 (July 2, 2010): 1567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0640-1.

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Voicu, Gheorghe, Mirela Dincă, Paula Tudor, and George Ipate. "Aspects Regarding the Collection and Removal of Rainfall Water on Landfill Final Cover." Advanced Engineering Forum 27 (April 2018): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.27.155.

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This paper presents an analysis of the rainwater flow on the final cover slopes of an urban landfill so as to ensure the drainage of infiltrate water through the drainage layer applied across the geomembrane of cover layer, with a runoff coefficient as low as possible. It is presented a calculation model for the transmissivity of the drainage layer depending on the thickness and on its hydraulic characteristics and also on the topsoil layer applied to the surface, as well as depending on the coating slope length. This calculation is made for both a side with a single slope (tilt) as well as for sides with two slopes. Also it is presented a mathematical model for the hydraulic calculation of surface water drainage ditches drained through the drainage layers, but also through the surface runoff, in order to establish the optimal drainage section.

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Dong, Youxia, Xiaoling Huang, and Guodong Ye. "Visually Meaningful Image Encryption Scheme Based on DWT and Schur Decomposition." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (February 20, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6677325.

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A visually meaningful image encryption scheme with an asymmetric structure based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Schur decomposition is proposed in this study. First, the RSA algorithm is used to generate the initial values for the chaotic system to produce the random sequence. Then, both scrambling and diffusion operations are performed on the plain image to obtain the preencrypted image. Moreover, the Schur decomposition is applied on the preencrypted plain image to obtain the upper triangular and orthogonal matrices. Second, the cover image is scrambled followed by a DWT operation. Four subbands are then formed, namely, LL, HL, LH, and HH. Finally, the former upper triangular matrix and orthogonal matrix are embedded into subbands LH and HH produced by the cover image. After the application of the inverse DWT and inverse scrambling operation, the final visually meaningful cover image embedded with a secret plain image can be obtained. No one can identify any useful information about the plain image from the final embedded cover image, nor can anybody know that there is any hidden secret image. Experimental simulations show that the normalized correlation values between the original cover image and the final visually meaningful cover image are approximately 0.9997. Therefore, the proposed encryption scheme is imperceptible for secret image communications.

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Wong, James Tsz Fung, Zhongkui Chen, Charles Wang Wai Ng, and Ming Hung Wong. "Gas permeability of biochar-amended clay: potential alternative landfill final cover material." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 8 (June 21, 2015): 7126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4871-2.

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Ng, C. W. W., Z. K. Chen, J. L. Coo, R. Chen, and C. Zhou. "Gas breakthrough and emission through unsaturated compacted clay in landfill final cover." Waste Management 44 (October 2015): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.042.

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Benson, Craig H., Tuncer B. Edil, and Xiaodong Wang. "Evaluation of a final cover slide at a landfill with recirculating leachate." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 35 (December 2012): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2012.07.006.

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HANASHIMA, Masataka, Shuji NAGANO, Kanetsugu KOHCHIYAMA, Shinji KIKUCHI, and Kouichi TASHIRO. "A New Daily Cover Material from Incineration Residue in a Final Disposal Site." Waste Management Research 6, no. 1 (1995): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.6.46.

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Yu, Chan, and Sung-Wook Yun. "The Evaluation on In-Situ Adaptability of Mono-layer Landfill Final Cover System." Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 48, no. 5 (September 30, 2006): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5389/ksae.2006.48.5.073.

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Laner, David, Johann Fellner, and Paul H. Brunner. "Future landfill emissions and the effect of final cover installation – A case study." Waste Management 31, no. 7 (July 2011): 1522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.02.022.

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Zhan, Liang-tong, Wei-guo Jiao, Tao Wu, and Ping Chen. "Use of loess as final cover materials for MSW landfills in northwest China." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 2, no. 57 (2016): 1966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.tc215-02.

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Izumoto, Satoshi, Shoichiro Hamamoto, Ken Kawamoto, Masanao Nagamori, and Taku Nishimura. "Methane eruptions from landfill final cover soil during rainfall events in laboratory experiments." Soils and Foundations 59, no. 4 (August 2019): 1052–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2019.05.002.

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21

Albright, William H., Craig H. Benson, Glendon W. Gee, Tarek Abichou, Eric V. McDonald, Scott W. Tyler, and Steven A. Rock. "Field Performance of a Compacted Clay Landfill Final Cover at a Humid Site." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 132, no. 11 (November 2006): 1393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1393).

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22

Benson, Craig H., I. Emre Kucukkirca, and Joseph Scalia. "Properties of geosynthetics exhumed from a final cover at a solid waste landfill." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 28, no. 6 (December 2010): 536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.03.001.

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23

Nederhof, Anton J. "Effects of a final telephone reminder and questionnaire cover design in mail surveys." Social Science Research 17, no. 4 (December 1988): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-089x(88)90008-7.

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Sujarwo, Sujarwo, and Arif Purnomo. "Kontribusi Recive Servis, Dig, Cover dan Toss Pemain Libero dalam Pertandingan Final SEA GAMES 2019." Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia 10, no. 1 (July 4, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/miki.v10i1.23945.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kontribusi recive servis, dig, cover dan toss pemain libero dalam pertandingan bola voli. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik observasi dan match analisis pada pertandingan final bola voli putra indoor SEA GAMES 2019. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi yang dinilai oleh dua orang ahli, yaitu ahli bola voli dan ahli tes dan pengukuran. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua orang libero tim nasional bola voli indoor Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada set pertama libero 1 berkontribusi dalam recive servis, dig, cover dan toss sebesar: 38.6%. Set kedua libero 1 berkontribusi: 26.2%. Pada set kedua libero 2 berkontribusi sebesar: 16.3%. Pada set ketiga libero 2 berkontribusi sebesar: 52.1%. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa kontribusi kemampuan libero sangat menentukan dalam keberhasilan tim dalam melakukan serangan maupun bertahan, baik kemampuan recive servis, dig, cover dan toss. Rekomendasi peneliti hendaknya pelatih melatih libero dengan kondisi sedekat mungkin dengan kondisi sebenarnya di lapangan. Kesalahan yang dilakukan libero di lapangan hendaknya diulang-ulang dibenahi dan diberikan solusi atau pembetulan baik konsep maupun teknikPurposed of this study was to determine the contribution of recive servis, dig and toss libero players in volleyball matches. The research method was used quantitative descriptive research with observation and match analysis techniques in the SEA GAMES 2019 indoor men's volleyball final match. The study’s instrument was the observation sheet assessed by two experts, namely, volleyball expert, test and measurement expert. Subjects in this study were two Indonesian national volleyball national team libero. Results showed that in the first set libero number 1 contributed to the recive service, dig and toss by: 38.6%. The second set of libero number 1 provided: 26.2%. In the second set of libero number 2 participated: 16.3%. In third set, libero number 2 contributed: 52.1%. The conclusion in this study is that the contribution of Libero's ability was crucial to the success of the team in attack and defense, both the ability to recive service, dig, cover and toss. Common researchers' recommendation should be that the trainer train libero with conditions as close as possible to the field’s actual requirements. A libero made mistakes in the area should be repeated addressed and given a solution or correction of both concepts and techniques.

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Dias, A. P. S., X. Li, and X. B. Yang. "Modeling the Effects of Cloudy Weather on Regional Epidemics of Soybean Rust." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-13-0269-re.

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This study simulated daily development of soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, based on cloud cover conditions. Results from a previous study that determined the relationship between shading and apparent infection rates were applied in this study to simulate SBR progress on a regional scale using a semi-empirical logistic model parameterized according to the observed cloud cover conditions. Depending on local weather data availability, cloudy days were assumed to be either (i) the days with less than 2 h of full sun or (ii) the days with complete cloud cover as measured by three daily observations. Estimated disease progress and final estimates of epidemic intensity were verified by 30 reports of seasonal disease progress in 11 regions of Brazil and South Africa from 2002 to 2007. The model predicted final disease severity and the observed final severity fall into a linear relationship with correlation coefficient r = 0.96 and a slope close to 1. Severe SBR epidemics occurred when 19.5 or more cloudy days were recorded during the period from initial disease detection to the date of final disease assessment near the end of a growing season in Brazil and South Africa. Mild epidemics were observed with less than eight cloudy days in a season.

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Khanal, Nishanta, Mir Abdul Matin, Kabir Uddin, Ate Poortinga, Farrukh Chishtie, Karis Tenneson, and David Saah. "A Comparison of Three Temporal Smoothing Algorithms to Improve Land Cover Classification: A Case Study from NEPAL." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 6, 2020): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182888.

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Time series land cover data statistics often fluctuate abruptly due to seasonal impact and other noise in the input image. Temporal smoothing techniques are used to reduce the noise in time series data used in land cover mapping. The effects of smoothing may vary based on the smoothing method and land cover category. In this study, we compared the performance of Fourier transformation smoothing, Whittaker smoother and Linear-Fit averaging smoother on Landsat 5, 7 and 8 based yearly composites to classify land cover in Province No. 1 of Nepal. The performance of each smoother was tested based on whether it was applied on image composites or on land cover primitives generated using the random forest machine learning method. The land cover data used in the study was from the years 2000 to 2018. Probability distribution was examined to check the quality of primitives and accuracy of the final land cover maps were accessed. The best results were found for the Whittaker smoothing for stable classes and Fourier smoothing for other classes. The results also show that classification using a properly selected smoothing algorithm outperforms a classification based on its unsmoothed data set. The final land cover generated by combining the best results obtained from different smoothing approaches increased our overall land cover map accuracy from 79.18% to 83.44%. This study shows that smoothing can result in a substantial increase in the quality of the results and that the smoothing approach should be carefully considered for each land cover class.

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Stubblefield, Robert, and Robert Wiedenfeld. "EFFECTS OF GROUND COVER, PLANTING METHOD AND IRRIGATION LEVELS ON CANTALOUPE PRODUCTION." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 488b—488. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.488b.

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A field study was conducted in south Texas in the spring 1990 to determine the effects of ground cover, planting method and drip irrigation rates on cantaloupe growth, yield and quality. Transplanting vs. direct seeding enhanced early vine growth with earlier yields, although direct seeding later caught up resulting in comparable final cumulative yields. Black polyethylene mulch also improved earliness but at the loser irrigation rate total yields were reduced due to deflection of rainfall by the mulch. Irrigation at .1, .3, .5, .7 and .9 times pan evaporation had little effect on final cumulative yields with exception to the .1 and .3 rates. Melon sugar content was highest for transplants with direct seeded melons becoming comparable only at mid to final harvest. The combined practices of transplanting and black polyethylene mulch resulted in a 14 day earliness advantage over the treatments that were direct seeded on bare soil although final yields were unaffected. No appreciable increase in soil salinity were found as a result of drip irrigation usage.

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Bui, Dang Hung, and László Mucsi. "From Land Cover Map to Land Use Map: A Combined Pixel-Based and Object-Based Approach Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Data, a Random Forest Classifier, and Decision Rules." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091700.

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It is essential to produce land cover maps and land use maps separately for different purposes. This study was conducted to generate such maps in Binh Duong province, Vietnam, using a novel combination of pixel-based and object-based classification techniques and geographic information system (GIS) analysis on multi-temporal Landsat images. Firstly, the connection between land cover and land use was identified; thereafter, the land cover map and land use function regions were extracted with a random forest classifier. Finally, a land use map was generated by combining the land cover map and the land use function regions in a set of decision rules. The results showed that land cover and land use were linked by spectral, spatial, and temporal characteristics, and this helped effectively convert the land cover map into a land use map. The final land cover map attained an overall accuracy (OA) = 93.86%, with producer’s accuracy (PA) and user’s accuracy (UA) of its classes ranging from 73.91% to 100%. Meanwhile, the final land use map achieved OA = 93.45%, and the UA and PA ranged from 84% to 100%. The study demonstrated that it is possible to create high-accuracy maps based entirely on free multi-temporal satellite imagery that promote the reproducibility and proactivity of the research as well as cost-efficiency and time savings.

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Stachurski, W., J. Łukasik, G. Kwinta, S. Sobula, and Sz Ostafin. "Innovated Construction of Tundish Cover with Increased Service Durability." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0074.

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Abstract In this study a new concept of the cover for installation for continuous casting of steel have been studied and discussed. The main essence in the most favourable construction includes the existing stresses and strains developed in service conditions. Instead of former cover, made with heat-resistant concrete and flat plate, the new solution introduced two factors: increased rigidity whole cover and new thermal insulation material. It is a composite refractory material, more light, plastic and more resistant for thermal shocks. In the final results, the new tundish cover confirmed in practice prolongation of the cover exploitation from 15-25 000 tones to above 90 000 tones poured steel.

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Ibhi, Abderrahmane. "New Mars Meteorite Fall in Marocco: Final Strewn Field." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 16 (September 2013): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.16.20.

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The Tissint fireball is the only fireball to have been observed and reported by numerous witnesses across the south-east of Morocco. The event was extremely valuable to the scientific community; show an extraordinary and rare event and were also the brightest and most comprehensively observed fireball in Morocco’s known astronomical history. Since the abstract of A. Ibhi (2011) [1]. In 2012-2013 concerning a number of Martian meteorite fragments found in the region of Tata (Morocco), a number of expeditions have been made to the area. A. ibhi has done a great amount of field work. He discovered the strewn field and collected the fragments of this Martian meteorite and many information. Each expedition has had the effect of expanding the size of the strewn field which is now documented to cover more than 70 sq. kilometers. The size of the strewn field is now estimated to be about a 17 km long.

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Bajpai, Minu, ShasankaShekhar Panda, Amit Singh, and Nitin Sharma. "Tunica vaginalis flap cover in repair of recurrent proximal urethrocutaneous fistula: A final solution." African Journal of Paediatric Surgery 10, no. 4 (2013): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0189-6725.125421.

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Pannek, Michael, Thomas Dunkel, and Dirk W. Schubert. "Effect of a bell-shaped cover in spin coating process on final film thickness." Materials Research Innovations 4, no. 5-6 (April 2001): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100190000107.

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Wickramarachchi, Praneeth, Kaushalya Ranasinghe, Shoichiro Hamamoto, Ken Kawamoto, Udeni P. Nawagamuwa, Per Moldrup, and Toshiko Komatsu. "Gas Transport Parameters for Compacted Reddish-Brown Soil in Sri Lankan Landfill Final Cover." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 15, no. 4 (October 2011): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.1944-8376.0000078.

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Chabuk, Ali, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Karwan Alkaradaghi, Abdulla Al-Rawabdeh, Jan Laue, Hussain Hussain, Roland Pusch, and Sven Knutsson. "Landfill Final Cover Systems Design for Arid Areas Using the HELP Model: A Case Study in the Babylon Governorate, Iraq." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 4568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124568.

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The main purpose of selecting proper designs for landfills is to accommodate quantities of waste without having a negative effect on the surrounding environment and human health. The Babylon Governorate (province) in Iraq was taken as an example of an arid area with very shallow groundwater and where irregular waste disposal sites had developed that had not been subject to international standards when they were selected for landfill use. In the current study, the suggested design for landfills is a base liner and final cover system. In this suggested design, the final cover system allows for three scenarios. The first scenario considers an evapotranspiration soil cover (ET) (capillary barriers type), the second scenario is a modified cover design of “RCRA Subtitle D”, and the third scenario is a combination of the first and second scenarios. The HELP 3.95 D model was applied to the selected landfill sites in the governorate to check if there was any penetration of the leachate that might in future percolate from the landfill’s bottom barrier layer in arid areas. The results from the suggested landfill design showed that there was no leachate percolation from the bottom barrier layer using the second and third scenarios. For the first scenario, however, there was a small amount of leachate through the bottom barrier layer in the years 2013 and 2014.

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Jin, Suming, Collin Homer, Limin Yang, Patrick Danielson, Jon Dewitz, Congcong Li, Zhe Zhu, George Xian, and Danny Howard. "Overall Methodology Design for the United States National Land Cover Database 2016 Products." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242971.

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The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2016 provides a suite of data products, including land cover and land cover change of the conterminous United States from 2001 to 2016, at two- to three-year intervals. The development of this product is part of an effort to meet the growing demand for longer temporal duration and more frequent, accurate, and consistent land cover and change information. To accomplish this, we designed a new land cover strategy and developed comprehensive methods, models, and procedures for NLCD 2016 implementation. Major steps in the new procedures consist of data preparation, land cover change detection and classification, theme-based postprocessing, and final integration. Data preparation includes Landsat imagery selection, cloud detection, and cloud filling, as well as compilation and creation of more than 30 national-scale ancillary datasets. Land cover change detection includes single-date water and snow/ice detection algorithms and models, two-date multi-index integrated change detection models, and long-term multi-date change algorithms and models. The land cover classification includes seven-date training data creation and 14-run classifications. Pools of training data for change and no-change areas were created before classification based on integrated information from ancillary data, change-detection results, Landsat spectral and temporal information, and knowledge-based trajectory analysis. In postprocessing, comprehensive models for each land cover theme were developed in a hierarchical order to ensure the spatial and temporal coherence of land cover and land cover changes over 15 years. An initial accuracy assessment on four selected Landsat path/rows classified with this method indicates an overall accuracy of 82.0% at an Anderson Level II classification and 86.6% at the Anderson Level I classification after combining the primary and alternate reference labels. This methodology was used for the operational production of NLCD 2016 for the Conterminous United States, with final produced products available for free download.

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Muhammad, Sher, and Amrit Thapa. "An improved Terra–Aqua MODIS snow cover and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (MOYDGL06*) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2018." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-345-2020.

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Abstract. Snow is a significant component of the ecosystem and water resources in high-mountain Asia (HMA). Therefore, accurate, continuous, and long-term snow monitoring is indispensable for the water resources management and economic development. The present study improves the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra and Aqua satellites 8 d (“d” denotes “day”) composite snow cover Collection 6 (C6) products, named MOD10A2.006 (Terra) and MYD10A2.006 (Aqua), for HMA with a multistep approach. The primary purpose of this study was to reduce uncertainty in the Terra–Aqua MODIS snow cover products and generate a combined snow cover product. For reducing underestimation mainly caused by cloud cover, we used seasonal, temporal, and spatial filters. For reducing overestimation caused by MODIS sensors, we combined Terra and Aqua MODIS snow cover products, considering snow only if a pixel represents snow in both the products; otherwise it is classified as no snow, unlike some previous studies which consider snow if any of the Terra or Aqua product identifies snow. Our methodology generates a new product which removes a significant amount of uncertainty in Terra and Aqua MODIS 8 d composite C6 products comprising 46 % overestimation and 3.66 % underestimation, mainly caused by sensor limitations and cloud cover, respectively. The results were validated using Landsat 8 data, both for winter and summer at 20 well-distributed sites in the study area. Our validated adopted methodology improved accuracy by 10 % on average, compared to Landsat data. The final product covers the period from 2002 to 2018, comprising a combination of snow and glaciers created by merging Randolph Glacier Inventory version 6.0 (RGI 6.0) separated as debris-covered and debris-free with the final snow product MOYDGL06*. We have processed approximately 746 images of both Terra and Aqua MODIS snow containing approximately 100 000 satellite individual images. Furthermore, this product can serve as a valuable input dataset for hydrological and glaciological modelling to assess the melt contribution of snow-covered areas. The data, which can be used in various climatological and water-related studies, are available for end users at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.901821 (Muhammad and Thapa, 2019).

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Düntsch, Ivo. "Covers and complements in the subalgebra lattice of a Boolean algebra." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 40, no. 3 (December 1989): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700017408.

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Section 1 addresses the problem of covers in Sub D, the lattice of subalgebras of a Boolean algebra; we describe those BA's in whose subalgebra lattice every element has a cover, and show that every small and separable subalgebra of P(ω) has 2ω covers in SubP(ω). Section 2 is concerned with complements and quasicomplements. As a general result it is shown that Sub D is relatively complemented if and only if D is a finite– cofinite BA. Turning to Sub P(ω), we show that no small and separable D ≤ P(ω) can be a quasicomplement. In the final section, generalisations of packed algebras are discussed, and some properties of these classes are exhibited.

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Wibowo, Indiwan Seto Wahju. "Mengungkap Makna Kematian Soeharto pada Cover Tempo." Jurnal ULTIMA Comm 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v2i2.192.

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Soeharto’s death becomes a major topic of Tempo Magazine ,issue No.50/XXXVI/04-10 February, 2008 specially in the magazine’s cover. And this cover is so controversial as describes Soeharto as Jesus at the last supper an iconic Christianity symbol. The last supper is the final meal that according to Christian belief, Jesus shared with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. This research is about to describe what Tempo Magazine play their role as social control and it’s rivalitation towards Soeharto. The purpose of this Research is to find out the meaning behind the Tempo Magazine Cover as describes Soeharto – the former Indonesia President- as Jesus. Kata kunci : makna kematian Soeharto, Semiotika Charles Sander Peirce, Kualitatif

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Lalancette, N., L. L. Blaus, J. D. Gager, and K. A. McFarland. "Contribution of Mid-Season Cover Sprays to Management of Peach Brown Rot at Harvest." Plant Disease 101, no. 5 (May 2017): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-16-1169-re.

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Four protectant fungicides applied as midseason cover sprays were quantitatively assessed for their ability to reduce brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola during the preharvest fruit ripening periods in the 2012 through 2015 growing seasons. No fungicides were applied during bloom or during the preharvest period. Treatment programs consisted of captan, sulfur, ziram, and thiram applications beginning at early shuck-split stage and ending with the final cover spray at 23 to 26 days before harvest. The incidence of brown rot at harvest was determined by examining 41 to 91 fruit for symptoms of rot on each of four replicate trees for each treatment. The incidence of sporulating blossom blight cankers was assessed during the preharvest period at 8, 15, and 22 days after the final cover spray. An in vivo bioassay was also conducted at 7, 14, and 21 days after the final cover spray to ascertain the level of fungicide residue during the preharvest period. The bioassay uses conidia germination as a quantitative indicator of effective residue. Results of the harvest assessment showed that captan cover sprays significantly reduced brown rot incidence in all years of the study. Furthermore, results of the bioassay demonstrated that fungicide residue was the mechanism by which this control occurred. None of the other fungicide cover spray programs contributed significantly to brown rot control at harvest in any year, and bioassay results showed insufficient residue to inhibit conidial germination. Antisporulant activity against blossom blight cankers was not observed for any fungicide program, indicating that reducing inoculum production from this source was not a mechanism for brown rot control. The captan and sulfur programs provided very good control of peach scab incidence and severity, caused by Fusicladium carpophilum, while the ziram and thiram programs failed to control this disease. These findings demonstrated that captan cover sprays can contribute significantly to control of brown rot at harvest, thereby augmenting the efficacy and consistency of management by preharvest fungicide programs. Furthermore, any reduction of the M. fructicola population by the captan cover sprays should reduce selection pressure against the site-specific fungicides commonly used during the preharvest period, thereby prolonging their useful life for brown rot control.

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Dzieszko, Piotr. "LAND-COVER MODELLING USING CORINE LAND COVER DATA AND MULTI-LAYER PERCEPTRON." Quaestiones Geographicae 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0004.

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Abstract Last decades of research have revealed the environmental impacts of Land-Use/Cover Change (LUCC) throughout the globe. Human activities’ impact is becoming more and more pronounced on the natural environment. The key activity in the LUCC projects has been to simulate the syntheses of knowledge of LUCC processes, and in particular to advance understanding of the causes of land-cover change. Still, there is a need of developing case studies regional models to understand LUCC change patterns. The aim of this work is to reveal and describe the main changes in LUCC patterns occurring in Poznań Lakeland Mesoregion according to CORINE Land Cover database. Change analysis was the basis for the identification of the main drivers in land cover changes in the study area. The dominant transitions that can be grouped and modelled separately were identified. Each submodel was combined with all submodels in the final change prediction process. Driver variables were used to model the historical change process. Transitions were modelled using multi-layer perceptron (MLP) method. Using the historical rates of change and the transition potential model scenario for year 2006 was predicted. Corine Land Cover 2006 database was used for model validation.

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Pichon, Lebail-Carval, Billaud, Lina, Gaucherand, and Mekki. "Decontamination of Intravaginal Probes Infected by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Using UV-C Decontamination System." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111776.

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Background: This three-step study evaluated ultraviolet-C (UV-C) efficacy against human papillomavirus (HPV) found on vaginal ultrasound probes. Methods: The first two steps evaluated UV-C disinfection of vaginal ultrasound probes in routine condition. During the first phase, the probe (n = 100) was sampled after a complete cleaning and disinfection protocol, i.e., cleaning with chemically impregnated wipes, followed by UV-C. During the second phase, the probe (n = 47) was sampled after cleaning and UV-C. The final step consisted of applying mixes of HPV on a dedicated, covered probe (n = 15) then sampling the cover, the probe after removal of the cover, after cleaning, and after UV-C. HPV detection was performed using CLART® HPV2 PCR (Genomica, Madrid, Spain). Results: In the first phase, no probes were found to be positive for both DNA after UV-C. In the second phase, eight probes were found to be positive after cleaning (seven with human DNA and one with HPV) and negative after UV-C. In the final phase, one probe was found to be positive for HPV for each sample except after UV-C. Conclusions: Covers followed by a chemically impregnated wipe are not sufficient to ensure patient safety during vaginal ultrasound examinations. UV-C is effective in routine conditions against contaminations found on vaginal ultrasound probes, especially HPV.

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Wibowo, Indiwan Seto Wahju. "Mengungkap Makna Kematian Soeharto pada Cover Majalah Tempo." Jurnal ULTIMA Comm 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v4i1.411.

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Soeharto’s death become a major topic of Tempo Magazine, issued No.50/XXXVI/04-10 February, 2008 specially in the magazine’s cover. Nad this cover is so controversial as describes Soeharto as Jesus at the last super an iconic. Christianity symbol. The last super is the final meal that according to Christian belief, Jesus shared with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. This research is about to describe what Tempo Magazine play their role as social control and it’s rivalitation toward Soeharto. The purpose of this research is to find out the meaning behind the Tempo Magazine Cover as describes Soeharto – the former Indonesia – as Jesus. Kata kunci : makna kematian Soeharto, Semiotika Charles Sander Pierce, Kualitatif

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Ristaino, Jean B., Gregory Parra, and C. Lee Campbell. "Suppression of Phytophthora Blight in Bell Pepper by a No-Till Wheat Cover Crop." Phytopathology® 87, no. 3 (March 1997): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.3.242.

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Four mechanisms of dispersal of propagules of Phytophthora capsici were investigated through modifications in cultural practices and fungicide applications in field plots of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). Dispersal of soil inoculum was suppressed, and final incidence of disease was 2.5 to 43% when stubble from a fall-sown, no-till, wheat cover crop was present. Final disease incidence was 71 to 72% and pathogen spread occurred within and across rows when all dispersal mechanisms were operative in plots of pepper planted into bare soil. Final disease incidence was 42 to 78% with black plastic mulch when a sporulating pepper fruit placed on the surface served as the source of initial inoculum. The fungicide metalaxyl applied in the irrigation system did not suppress within-row spread of surface inoculum from a sporulating fruit on plastic, but did limit across-row spread; final disease incidence in metalaxyl-treated plots was 11.5 to 14%. Pathogen dispersal mechanisms were modified most dramatically by the no-till cropping system. Thus, simple changes in cultural practices can have dramatic effects on the development of Phytophthora epidemics. Ecologically based disease management strategies have the potential to reduce our reliance on agrichemicals in this and similar pathosystems.

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AMRAM, MEIRAV, MINA TEICHER, and UZI VISHNE. "THE FUNDAMENTAL GROUP OF GALOIS COVER OF THE SURFACE 𝕋 × 𝕋." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 18, no. 08 (December 2008): 1259–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196708004895.

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This is the final paper in a series of four, concerning the surface 𝕋 × 𝕋 embedded in ℂℙ8, where 𝕋 is the one-dimensional torus. In this paper we compute the fundamental group of the Galois cover of the surface with respect to a generic projection onto ℂℙ2, and show that it is nilpotent of class 3. This is the first time such a group is presented as the fundamental group of a Galois cover of a surface.

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Bousselot, Jennifer M., James E. Klett, and Ronda D. Koski. "Extensive Green Roof Species Evaluations Using Digital Image Analysis." HortScience 45, no. 8 (August 2010): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.8.1288.

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This research examined plant area covered (plant cover) for six plant species on an existing modular extensive green roof in a semiarid climate. Species evaluated were Antennaria parvifolia Nutt., Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag., Delosperma cooperi (Hook. f.) L. Bol., Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. aureum ‘Psdowns’, Opuntia fragilis Nutt., and Sedum lanceolatum Torr. Many methods for measuring plant cover are subjective and based on semiquantitative measurements. This study compared digital image analysis data (DIA) with manually collected converted two-dimensional data (C2D) for plants grown on an extensive green roof. For each plant in the study, digital images and manual two-dimensional measurements were taken on four dates (at 6-week intervals) in 2008 and on four dates (at 6-week intervals) in 2009. Additionally, comparisons between DIA data and final biomass, and C2D and final biomass, were performed. Plant cover increased for all six species during the 2008 growing season. However, E. umbellatum aureum ‘Psdowns’ had a low overwintering rate (12.5%) and was removed from analysis in 2009. In the spring of 2009, four of the five remaining species exhibited decreased plant cover as a result of winter dieback; the one exception was O. fragilis. In terms of plant cover, both quantification methods (C2D and DIA) revealed that B. gracilis and D. cooperi had more plant cover than A. parvifolia, O. fragilis, and S. lanceolatum by the end of the study. Thus, five of the six species evaluated in this study are appropriate for use in extensive green roof applications in semiarid regions. High levels of correlation were found between the DIA and C2D data sets (r = 0.77) averaged over the five species on all eight data collection dates. The groundcover species (A. parvifolia, D. cooperi, and S. lanceolatum) had a higher correlation on average (r = 0.83) than the upright (B. gracilis, r = 0.70) and decumbent (O. fragilis, r = 0.65) species. Additionally, DIA and final biomass correlations showed parallel trends with groundcovers averaging r = 0.83, upright r = 0.64, and decumbent r = 0.41. Therefore, using DIA to evaluate plant cover and biomass accumulation is especially appropriate for groundcover species.

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TAKEZAKI, So, Kazuto ENDO, and Takeshi KATSUMI. "Evaluating mass of soil particles eroded into geosynthetic drainage layer in landfill final cover system." Japanese Geotechnical Journal 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgs.15.131.

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Daniel, Frances, Catherine M. Gaze, and Jason L. G. Braasch. "Writing Cover Letters That Address Instructor Feedback Improves Final Papers in a Research Methods Course." Teaching of Psychology 42, no. 1 (December 14, 2014): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098628314562680.

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Wong, James Tsz Fung, Zhongkui Chen, Xunwen Chen, Charles Wang Wai Ng, and Ming Hung Wong. "Soil-water retention behavior of compacted biochar-amended clay: a novel landfill final cover material." Journal of Soils and Sediments 17, no. 3 (April 1, 2016): 590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1401-x.

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Syafriandi, Syafriandi, and Dina Fitria. "Analysis of Teacher’s Competence About Mathematics Materials for National Final Examination." Pelita Eksakta 1, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/pelitaeksakta/vol1-iss1/5.

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Principal component in teaching mathematics for teacher is professional competence. It cover how the teacher understand the material of subject matter itself. Teaching Mathematics in Junior High School, teacher have to understand completely in Numbers, Algebra, Geometry and measurements, and also Statistics and probability. Based on the exam and discussion in workshop, known that math teacher in Pesisir Selatan having problems in teaching Geometry and measurement and also Statistics and probability. The problems are complexity of teaching materials, error in translating competence standard and basic competence into lesson plan, time management and student’s motivation in studying math. Solution that offered to the teacher are translating basic competence into learning process and trick how to teach Geometry and Statistics especially. Teaching geometry by explain all geometry object, i.e. plane and space simultaneously and compare each object directly. Teaching statistics and probability starting by counting process.

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Howard, Rebecca J., Patricia S. Rafferty, and Darren J. Johnson. "Plant Community Establishment in a Coastal Marsh Restored Using Sediment Additions." Wetlands 40, no. 4 (October 23, 2019): 877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01217-z.

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Abstract A goal of wetland restoration is the establishment of resilient plant communities that persist under a variety of environmental conditions. We investigated the role of intraspecific and interspecific variation on plant community establishment in a brackish marsh that had been restored by sediment addition. Plant growth, sediment accretion, and surface elevation change in planted, not-planted, and nearby reference sites (treatments) were compared. Four perennial macrophytes were planted: Bolboschoenus robustus, Distichlis spicata, Phragmites australis, and Schoenoplectus californicus. There was 100% survival of the planted species, and all exhibited rapid vegetative spread. Intraspecific variation in stem height and cover was identified, and interspecific comparisons also indicated differences in species cover. Treatment comparisons revealed that final total cover at not-planted sites was equivalent to that at reference sites, and was highest at planted sites where P. australis became dominant. Species richness was initially highest at the reference sites, but final richness was equivalent among treatments. Soil surface elevation was greater at planted compared to not-planted and reference sites. Because of the rapid cover and increased surface elevation generated by planted species, the resiliency of restored coastal marshes may be enhanced by plantings in areas where natural colonization is slow and subsidence is high.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Final cover'

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