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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Financial analysis'
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1
Robertson, John. "Identifying, measuring and analysing changes in financial health through financial ratio analysis." Thesis, Henley Business School, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255667.
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Kenney, Shane P. "Financial ratio analysis of audited Federal Financial Statements." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA380207.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998.Thesis advisor(s): Moses, O. Douglas ; Liao, Shu S. "June 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-112). Also available online.
3
Melnychuk, Oleksandr. "Ukraine Financial Markets - The Analysis of Financial Frauds." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161874.
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Ukraine is quite new country, which faces early stages of its development. The financial market of the country has passed through different and challenging times for these 20 years and still has to choose several essential factors for the further development. The existence of financial frauds in Ukraine could be explained by lack of knowledge and information in the country as well as low level of trust to the government. The case of JSC "MMM" and Mr. Mavrodi is the best well-known example of Ponzi scheme in Ukraine and all post-Soviet countries, which gives the possibility to analyze the main features of its consequences.
4
Yin, Jiang Ling. "Financial time series analysis." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2492929.
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Karabut, Vadim. "Financial Analysis of Sberbank." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193945.
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This thesis focuses on financial analysis of Sberbank CZ. It examines the bank's financial health using the data from the bank's assets and liabilities, expenses, revenues and profits as well as profitability, liquidity and capital adequacy. All the results are compared within the banking sector using the Financial market supervision report.
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Strebeľová, Veronika. "Financial Planning and Financial Analysis of a Limited Liability Company." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124842.
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Composition of financial plan for year 2012 and executing financial analysis of a limited liability company. In composition of financial plan were used three variant -- an optimistic, a realistic and a pesimistic. Used methods of financial analysis were analysis of absolute indicators and financial ratios, including logaritmical decomposition of Return on Equity. Comparing each of those variants with reality valid on May 31, 2012.
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Robertson, Calum Stewart. "Real time financial information analysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16609/1/Calum_Robertson_Thesis.pdf.
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The efficient market hypothesis states that an efficient market incorporates all available information to provide an accurate valuation of an asset. Presently investors and researchers attempt to forecast future returns (profit/loss if the asset is held for a certain period) and volatility (variance of the returns) of the asset based on past trading behaviour, and commonly ignore non-numerical information. It is almost impossible to forecast future returns for frequently traded assets such as stocks, bonds, and currencies, so many institutional investors prefer to forecast future volatility. Volatility is frequently used by traders and fund managers to measure the risk of continuing to own the asset. Most volatility forecasting models completely disregard the arrival of news and therefore theoretically violate the efficient market hypothesis. The aim of this research is to investigate how the inclusion of details of the arrival of asset specific news (news which is relevant to the asset) can improve the volatility forecasts of a model. The problem is that the efficient market hypothesis indicates that only new information will cause the market to react, and therefore it is necessary to determine whether the news contains any new information. Most news does not include any new information and therefore assuming all news will trigger abnormal market behaviour is unlikely to improve the performance of a model. Furthermore news which causes a shock, i.e., news which contains highly unexpected new information, will cause a greater change in volatility than news which contains expected information. Therefore to produce a model that factors in the arrival of news into volatility forecasts, it is beneficial to examine the content to predict the reaction to the news. This research combines the field of econometrics with machine learning and intelligent data analysis. All hypotheses tested within this thesis are tested on a large collection of stocks traded in the US, UK and Australia. To my knowledge, this is the largest dataset used for the types of experiments conducted in this thesis. In this thesis evidence is provided to suggest that asset specific news is correlated with abnormal returns, volatility, and volatility forecast errors. There is also evidence to suggest that abnormal volumes and trading activity correlate to asset specific news. This confirms the findings of previous studies though in most cases only a small dataset was used and often only one or two time series (i.e., return, volatility, volume etc.) were used. Furthermore many studies did not investigate the intraday effect of news (i.e., the reaction on the day the news was released). The studies which investigated the intraday effect tended to focus on macroeconomic news, which is scheduled and eagerly anticipated by investors. Therefore the behaviour is easier to detect that for asset specific news. It is demonstrated that the content of news can be used to forecast abnormal returns and forecast periods when the given volatility forecasting model exhibits abnormally large errors (the difference between the realised volatility and the volatility which the given model forecast) with a high degree of accuracy. This was achieved by analysing the content of past news which correlated with abnormal market behaviour. For this research a new method for ranking terms is introduced and demonstrated to be very effective. Previous studies have revealed that the content of news can be used to forecast abnormal returns but, to my knowledge, no study has investigated the volatility forecast error. Furthermore, most previous studies have used a small dataset, and to forecast at relatively low frequencies (most are daily, though one is hourly). To the best of my knowledge no previous study has use such a large dataset to predict the high frequency (as little as 5 minutes) market reaction to news. Nor has any previous study achieved classification accuracies as high as those achieved in this thesis. Finally, a news aware volatility forecasting model is produced and the evidence demonstrates that the performance is better than an alternative model which does not account for news under certain circumstances. Furthermore it is demonstrated that using the content of news to choose documents which are more likely to cause the market to react yields better forecasts. Very few researchers have included the arrival of news in a volatility forecasting model, and all of these have used small datasets. Furthermore, to my knowledge, none of these researchers have used the content of the news to choose news which is more likely to cause the market to react.
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Robertson, Calum Stewart. "Real time financial information analysis." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16609/.
Full textAbstract:
The efficient market hypothesis states that an efficient market incorporates all available information to provide an accurate valuation of an asset. Presently investors and researchers attempt to forecast future returns (profit/loss if the asset is held for a certain period) and volatility (variance of the returns) of the asset based on past trading behaviour, and commonly ignore non-numerical information. It is almost impossible to forecast future returns for frequently traded assets such as stocks, bonds, and currencies, so many institutional investors prefer to forecast future volatility. Volatility is frequently used by traders and fund managers to measure the risk of continuing to own the asset. Most volatility forecasting models completely disregard the arrival of news and therefore theoretically violate the efficient market hypothesis. The aim of this research is to investigate how the inclusion of details of the arrival of asset specific news (news which is relevant to the asset) can improve the volatility forecasts of a model. The problem is that the efficient market hypothesis indicates that only new information will cause the market to react, and therefore it is necessary to determine whether the news contains any new information. Most news does not include any new information and therefore assuming all news will trigger abnormal market behaviour is unlikely to improve the performance of a model. Furthermore news which causes a shock, i.e., news which contains highly unexpected new information, will cause a greater change in volatility than news which contains expected information. Therefore to produce a model that factors in the arrival of news into volatility forecasts, it is beneficial to examine the content to predict the reaction to the news. This research combines the field of econometrics with machine learning and intelligent data analysis. All hypotheses tested within this thesis are tested on a large collection of stocks traded in the US, UK and Australia. To my knowledge, this is the largest dataset used for the types of experiments conducted in this thesis. In this thesis evidence is provided to suggest that asset specific news is correlated with abnormal returns, volatility, and volatility forecast errors. There is also evidence to suggest that abnormal volumes and trading activity correlate to asset specific news. This confirms the findings of previous studies though in most cases only a small dataset was used and often only one or two time series (i.e., return, volatility, volume etc.) were used. Furthermore many studies did not investigate the intraday effect of news (i.e., the reaction on the day the news was released). The studies which investigated the intraday effect tended to focus on macroeconomic news, which is scheduled and eagerly anticipated by investors. Therefore the behaviour is easier to detect that for asset specific news. It is demonstrated that the content of news can be used to forecast abnormal returns and forecast periods when the given volatility forecasting model exhibits abnormally large errors (the difference between the realised volatility and the volatility which the given model forecast) with a high degree of accuracy. This was achieved by analysing the content of past news which correlated with abnormal market behaviour. For this research a new method for ranking terms is introduced and demonstrated to be very effective. Previous studies have revealed that the content of news can be used to forecast abnormal returns but, to my knowledge, no study has investigated the volatility forecast error. Furthermore, most previous studies have used a small dataset, and to forecast at relatively low frequencies (most are daily, though one is hourly). To the best of my knowledge no previous study has use such a large dataset to predict the high frequency (as little as 5 minutes) market reaction to news. Nor has any previous study achieved classification accuracies as high as those achieved in this thesis. Finally, a news aware volatility forecasting model is produced and the evidence demonstrates that the performance is better than an alternative model which does not account for news under certain circumstances. Furthermore it is demonstrated that using the content of news to choose documents which are more likely to cause the market to react yields better forecasts. Very few researchers have included the arrival of news in a volatility forecasting model, and all of these have used small datasets. Furthermore, to my knowledge, none of these researchers have used the content of the news to choose news which is more likely to cause the market to react.
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Ghezelayagh, Bahar. "Multiscale analysis of financial volatility." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59252/.
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This thesis is concerned with the modeling of financial time series data. It introduces to the economics literature a set of techniques for this purpose that are rooted in engineering and physics, but almost unheard of in economics. The key feature of these techniques is that they combine the available information in the time and frequency domains simultaneously, making it possible to enjoy the advantages of both forms of analysis. The thesis is divided into three sections. First, after briefly outlining the Fourier methods, a more exible technique that allows for the study of time-scale dependent phenomena (motivated from a discussion on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle) namely Wavelet method is defined. A complete account of discrete and continuous wavelet transformations, and wavelet variation is provided and the advantages of wavelet-multiresolution analysis over Fourier methods are demonstrated. In the second section, the statistical properties of financial returns at 1-day, 5-day and 10-day sampling intervals are studied using S&P500 index for over a decade, and the links between dependence properties of financial returns at lower sampling frequencies are explored. The concepts of temporal aggregation and skip sampling are discussed and the effects of temporal aggregation on long range dependent time series are theoretically outlined and then tested through simulations and empirically via S&P500. In the third section, the variation of two years of five-minute GBP/USD exchange rate is analysed and the notion of realised variation is explored. The characteristics of the intraday data at different sampling frequencies (5-minute, 30-minute, 60-minute, 10-hour, 1-day, and 5-day) are compared with each other and filtered out from seasonalities using the wavelet multiscaling technique. We find that temporal aggregation does not change the decay rate of autocorrelation functions of long-memory data of certain frequencies, however the level at which the autocorrelation functions start from move upward for daily data. This thesis adds to the literature by outlining and comparing the effects of aggregation between daily and intra-daily frequencies for the realised variances, which to our knowledge is a first. The effect temporal aggregation has on daily data is different from intra-daily data, and we provide three reasons why this might be. First, at higher frequencies strong periodocities distort the autocorrelation functions which could bring down the decay rate and mask the long memory feature of the data. Second, the choice of realised variance is crucial in this matter and different functions can result in contradictory outcomes. Third, as the order of aggregation increases the decay rate does not depend on the order of the aggregation.
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Griffioen, Gerwin Alfred Wilhelm. "Technical analysis in financial markets." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/87469.
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Nikkhah-Babaei, H. "Analysis of company financial performance." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381010.
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Massacci, Daniele. "Econometric analysis of financial contagion." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611946.
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Volgina, Vera. "Postmerger financial performance: econometric analysis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16850.
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There are numerous researches done in the last couple decades dedicated to the observation of impact of merges and acquisitions on the performance of the company. The topic is considered to be up-to-date, as still there is no common approach to evaluating of benefits mergers are about to bring to a new established entity. In this thesis the issue of post-merger financial performance is investigated on an example of three biggest energy companies in Europe: RWE, E.ON and Vattenfall. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether financial performance of chosen companies improves after the merger occurs. This target is elaborated with a help of the analysis of commonly used financial ratios in corporate finance and construction of two regression models, which explain the interrelations between basic indicator of the company's growth (net income), the fact of the merger and determined financial ratios. As an outcome of the research, a few findings were obtained, such as worsening of financial performance three to five years after the merger, with continuing improvement in further years, quite stable financial indicators before the merger, positive interconnection between the fact of the merger and the net income. Such outcomes might be considered as significant, though further research and elaboration of the topic can be performed in the future.
14
Brady, Richard T. "Framework for financial ratio analysis of audited federal financial reports." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA374352.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1999."December 1999". Thesis advisor(s): O. Douglas Moses, Lawrence R. Jones. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-148). Also available online.
15
Wang, Jing. "Investment analysis in practice : evidence from Chinese financial analysts." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/176.
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Du, Toit Elda. "Using financial analysis and interpretation as a foundation to comprehend financial health." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24645.
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The ability to measure the financial health of a company is becoming an increasingly serious issue. One only needs to think of the widely published irregularities in companies such as Enron, Parmalat and Macmed to grasp something of the magnitude of the losses and other problems that investors can face if they do not have the ability to “predict” possible problems. There are individuals who are constantly identifying new and ingenious ways to deceive their customers, investors, the government and others. It is important for parties with an interest in a company to devise new ways to identify how financial analyses can be used to protect their interests. Managers are primarily responsible for the prevention and identification of accounting irregularities. Unfortunately, at the same time, they may also be assumed to be the primary perpetrators of accounting irregularities, because they are in a position to manipulate accounting records and bypass control measures more easily than anyone else in a company. The main aim of this study is to determine whether financial analysis and interpretation can be applied by interested parties to measure financial health and by implication identify accounting irregularities. Proof that this is possible has the potential to be used in analyses, by all parties with an interest in a company, to determine financial health and to identify irregularities in the financial statements. The study begins with a literature review, which provides an explanation of accounting irregularities and related matters, as well as an overview of previous uses of financial analyses to determine whether such analyses are useful in the identification of irregularities in the financial statements. The objectives of the study are as follows: - An investigation into the characteristics, as identified by researchers locally and abroad, that are displayed by companies with a higher risk of or occurrence of accounting irregularities.
- A survey of the media by means of a literature review to identify case study companies that had allegations of accounting irregularities against them.
- The analysis of the case study companies in a quantitative and qualitative way to determine whether the characteristics that are identified as part of the first objective hold true in practice.
- Statistical analyses of the share price data of the case study companies in the form of an event study, a regression analysis and a structural break analysis to determine when and under what circumstances significant changes happened.
- Conduct a survey involving the creators and the users of financial statements in order to observe their experience regarding the usefulness of financial statements to reveal financial health. This is done by means of questionnaires that are analysed statistically, designed to derive conclusions of what practitioners tend to experience in practice and what their feelings are regarding the use of financial statements and accounting data in an analysis of the financial health of a company.
Thesis (DCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Financial Management
unrestricted
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Cipka, Matej. "Financial Analysis of Tesco and Carrefour." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201085.
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The diploma thesis "Financial analysis of Tesco and Carrefour" is mainly devoted to understand the economic and financial changes in retail business industry. The main idea is to compare two companies -- Tesco and Carrefour. Comparison consist of deep analysis of changing behaviour over the years of both companies together with analysis of economic data from annual reports which are published every year. It is very important to understand these information, because nowadays is retail industry highly dependent on the global economic changes. Most of the data is analysed over past three years, because recent economic stability is immoderately fluctuating and it could show high distortions of calculations. We will be able to answer which company is in better economic and financial position and which company is better to invest. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical part and practical part. From the first part is possible to understand the philosophy and conditions of the analysis. It contains explanation of analysis tools like PESTE analysis, SWOT analysis and explanation of financial calculations. All of these data are used in the second part of the analysis -- practical part -- where they are applied on two companies -- Carrefour and Tesco. It consist of revue of analysed companies to better understand their position globally, continued with practical analysis where tools as profitability, liquidity, performance and financial and economic behavior tools were used. Thesis is finished with comparison of horizontal and vertical analysis, where data from annual reports were measured. All of these data are summarized and valuated, to see the actual results of the thesis.
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Ishida, Isao. "Essays on financial time series /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3153696.
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Зайцев, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Зайцев, Oleksandr Vasylovych Zaitsev, and М. Л. Назаренко. "Analysis Mechanisms of Financial Markets. Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86030.
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Тези доповіді на конференціїЩоб дізнатися, що буде з валютою завтра, або, іншими словами, спрогнозувати її вартість на певний період часу в майбутньому, необхідно знати і розуміти основні методи аналізу валютних ринків. На даний момент основними і підтвердженими практичним використанням двома методами є фундаментальний аналіз і технічний аналіз.
Чтобы узнать, что будет с валютой завтра, или, другими словами, спрогнозировать ее стоимость на определенный период времени в будущем, необходимо знать и понимать основные методы анализа валютных рынков. На данный момент основными и подтвержденными практикой двумя методами являются фундаментальный анализ и технический анализ.
In order to find out what will happen to the currency tomorrow, or, in other words, to predict its value for a certain period of time in the future, you need to know and understand the basic methods of analyzing foreign exchange markets. At the moment, the main and confirmed by practical use of two methods are fundamental analysis and technical analysis.
немає
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Schwill, Stephan. "Entropy analysis of financial time series." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/entropy-analysis-of-financial-time-series(7e0c84fe-5d0b-41bc-96c6-5e41ffa5b8fe).html.
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This thesis applies entropy as a model independent measure to address research questions concerning the dynamics of various financial time series. The thesis consists of three main studies as presented in chapters 3, 4 and 5. Chapters 3 and 4 apply an entropy measure to conduct a bivariate analysis of drawdowns and drawups in foreign exchange rates. Chapter 5 investigates the dynamics of investment strategies of hedge funds using entropy of realised volatility in a conditioning model. In all three studies, methods from information theory are applied in novel ways to financial time series. As Information Theory and its central concept of entropy are not widely used in the economic sciences, a methodology chapter was therefore included in chapter 2 that gives an overview on the theoretical background and statistical features of the entropy measures used in the three main studies. In the first two studies the focus is on mutual information and transfer entropy. Both measures are used to identify dependencies between two exchange rates. The chosen measures generalise, in a well defined manner, correlation and Granger causality. A different entropy measure, the approximate entropy, is used in the third study to analyse the serial structure of S&P realised volatility. The study of drawdowns and drawups has so far been concentrated on their uni- variate characteristics. Encoding the drawdown information of a time series into a time series of discrete values, Chapter 3 uses entropy measures to analyse the correlation and cross correlations of drawdowns and drawups. The method to encode the drawdown information is explained and applied to daily and hourly EUR/USD and GBP/USD exchange rates from 2001 to 2012. For the daily series, we find evidence of dependence among the largest draws (i.e. 5% and 95% quantiles), but it is not as strong as the correlation between the daily returns of the same pair of FX rates. There is also dependence between lead/lagged values of these draws. Similar and stronger findings were found among the hourly data. We further use transfer entropy to examine the spill over and lead-lag information flow between drawup/drawdown of the two exchange rates. Such information flow is indeed detectable in both daily and hourly data. The amount of information transferred is considerably higher for the hourly than the daily data. Both daily and hourly series show clear evidence of information flowing from EUR/USD to GBP/USD and, slightly stronger, in the reverse direction. Robustness tests, using effective transfer entropy, show that the information measured is not due to noise. Chapter 4 uses state space models of volatility to investigate volatility spill overs between exchange rates. Our use of entropy related measures in the investigation of dependencies of two state space series is novel. A set of five daily exchange rates from emerging and developed economies against the dollar over the period 1999 to 2012 is used. We find that among the currency pairs, the co-movement of EUR/USD and CHF/USD volatility states show the strongest observed relationship. With the use of transfer entropy, we find evidence for information flows between the volatility state series of AUD, CAD and BRL.Chapter 5 uses the entropy of S&P realised volatility in detecting changes of volatility regime in order to re-examine the theme of market volatility timing of hedge funds. A one-factor model is used, conditioned on information about the entropy of market volatility, to measure the dynamic of hedge funds equity exposure. On a cross section of around 2500 hedge funds with a focus on the US equity markets we find that, over the period from 2000 to 2014, hedge funds adjust their exposure dynamically in response to changes in volatility regime. This adds to the literature on the volatility timing behaviour of hedge fund manager, but using entropy as a model independent measure of volatility regime. Finally, chapter 6 summarises and concludes with some suggestions for future research.
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Cocilova, Alessandro. "Twitter data analysis for financial markets." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8126/.
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Over the time, Twitter has become a fundamental source of information for news.
As a one step forward, researchers have tried to analyse if the tweets contain predictive power.
In the past, in financial field, a lot of research has been done to propose a function which takes as input all the tweets for a particular stock or index s, analyse them and predict the stock or index price of s. In this work, we take an alternative approach: using the stock price and tweet information, we investigate following questions.
1. Is there any relation between the amount of tweets being generated and the stocks being exchanged?
2. Is there any relation between the sentiment of the tweets and stock prices?
3. What is the structure of the graph that describes the relationships between users?
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Kiser, Steve. "Financing terror : an analysis and simulation for affecting al Qaeda's financial infrastruture /." Santa Monica, Calif. : RAND, 2005. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs%5Fdissertations/2005/RAND%5FRGSD185.pdf.
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Presented as the author's doctoral dissertation, Pardee Rand Graduate School, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-243). Also available electronically via the World Wide Web in PDF format.
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Runaas, Kris E. Gawaran Edmond J. "Financial analysis of hastily-formed networks." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FRunaas.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Glenn Cook, Edmond J. Gawaran. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86). Also available in print.
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Yiu, Fu-keung, and 饒富強. "Time series analysis of financial index." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267804.
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Dunne, Peter Gerard. "Essays in financial time-series analysis." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337690.
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Correia, Maria Inês Costa. "Cluster analysis of financial time series." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21016.
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Mestrado em Mathematical FinanceEsta dissertação aplica o método da Signature como medida de similaridade entre dois objetos de séries temporais usando as propriedades de ordem 2 da Signature e aplicando-as a um método de Clustering Asimétrico. O método é comparado com uma abordagem de Clustering mais tradicional, onde a similaridade é medida usando Dynamic Time Warping, desenvolvido para trabalhar com séries temporais. O intuito é considerar a abordagem tradicional como benchmark e compará-la ao método da Signature através do tempo de computação, desempenho e algumas aplicações. Estes métodos são aplicados num conjunto de dados de séries temporais financeiras de Fundos Mútuos do Luxemburgo. Após a revisão da literatura, apresentamos o método Dynamic Time Warping e o método da Signature. Prossegue-se com a explicação das abordagens de Clustering Tradicional, nomeadamente k-Means, e Clustering Espectral Assimétrico, nomeadamente k-Axes, desenvolvido por Atev (2011). O último capítulo é dedicado à Investigação Prática onde os métodos anteriores são aplicados ao conjunto de dados. Os resultados confirmam que o método da Signature têm efectivamente potencial para Machine Learning e previsão, como sugerido por Levin, Lyons and Ni (2013).
This thesis applies the Signature method as a measurement of similarities between two time-series objects, using the Signature properties of order 2, and its application to Asymmetric Spectral Clustering. The method is compared with a more Traditional Clustering approach where similarities are measured using Dynamic Time Warping, developed to work with time-series data. The intention for this is to consider the traditional approach as a benchmark and compare it to the Signature method through computation times, performance, and applications. These methods are applied to a financial time series data set of Mutual Exchange Funds from Luxembourg. After the literature review, we introduce the Dynamic Time Warping method and the Signature method. We continue with the explanation of Traditional Clustering approaches, namely k-Means, and Asymmetric Clustering techniques, namely the k-Axes algorithm, developed by Atev (2011). The last chapter is dedicated to Practical Research where the previous methods are applied to the data set. Results confirm that the Signature method has indeed potential for machine learning and prediction, as suggested by Levin, Lyons, and Ni (2013).
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Stabel, Jayce. "Farm financial persistence and characteristic analysis." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38798.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Terry Griffin
Farmers and agricultural lenders often seek the ability to identify positive or negative characteristics to improve farm operations. Determining these characteristics has been the goal of many research studies. More often than not, a unique set of uncontrollable events was credited for contributing the majority of one farm’s success relative to their peers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the assumption that farmers can control their financial persistence defined as remaining in their current financial category, based upon a farm’s debt to asset ratio (D/A), and net farm income per acre (NFI acre⁻¹). Financial categories give agricultural producers a concrete answer to the question of one farm’s ability to maintain their financial persistence during market downturns and poor growing conditions and include Favorable, Marginal Income, Marginal Solvency, and Vulnerable. Farmers across the United States are subject to many uncontrollable variables (temperature, precipitation, market volatility, land value fluctuations, interest rates) leaving them vulnerable to agricultural market downturns, such as the one that began in 2014. Seasonal cash inflows and outflows of farms and their profitability create a difficult situation for farmers and agricultural lenders alike to predict the future. Identifying and estimating the likelihood of financial persistence has become an area of interest for farmers, their advisors, and their financial lenders. Currently, agricultural lenders rely on loan assessment techniques, such as net present values and loss-based methods. These techniques fail to account for the unique and often long-term investment nature of farming. If an additional method for identifying at-risk farms or at least understanding the likelihood of persistence in farms could be found, it would provide an insight into the riskiness of lending to a farm and provide agricultural lenders with an additional analysis tool. The dynamic nature of farm financials and the ever-changing variables of farming limit traditional statistical methods. Considering the difficulty associated with predicting farm default rates due to the complexity of the question, a secondary approach is possible. This study utilized an approach in determining farm financial persistence by estimating the Markov Chain probabilities of four financial categories ranging from Favorable, solvent with positive income to Vulnerable, an insolvent and negative income financial position. Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) data from 1993 to 2014 were used to estimate the probability of transitioning between financial categories. This thesis combines transition probabilities of Kanas farms and a multinomial logit model (MNL) to identify farm characteristics of significance. The matrix of probabilities generated, when interpreted, provide information about Kansas farms and their probability of financial persistence, and the MNL model allows for insights into favorable or un-favorable farm characteristics. Farms were found to transition easily between financial categories that had the same debt to asset ratio (D/A), but different net farm income per acre (NFI acre⁻¹, positive or negative) indicating that farm income is more easily changed than farm D/A ratios. Farms in the Favorable category (D/A < 0.4, + NFI acre⁻¹) had the largest probability of financial persistence at 0.83, whereas Vulnerable farms (D/A > 0.4, - NFI acre⁻¹) were most likely to transition to the Marginal Solvency category (D/A > 0.4, + NFI acre⁻¹) with a probability of transitioning of 0.55 versus the probability of remaining in the Vulnerable category of 0.33. It was also found that crop mixture and age were not statistically significant in the MNL model, but gross profit margin and a farm’s percentage of owned land out of total crop acres were statistically significant in explaining why farms were in each category.
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Mardia, Rishab. "Financial analysis in multidisciplinary design optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130719.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Advanced Manufacturing and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, February, 2021Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis. "February 2021."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).
MDO is moving beyond the small group of NASA and Aerospace companies and is increasingly being adopted by organizations around the world. With MDO, we can optimize across multiple disciplines and find the ideal design which maximizes benefit to the company and society. Given the complexity of working with multiple disciplines and stakeholders, it is important to have a single metric which teams and organizations can use to choose the best design. Since financial metrics play a dominant role in the decision-making process, we can use them to choose the best design for the company. In the thesis, we created a framework for doing financial analysis in MDO. We applied the framework to the baseplate, a component used within the excavator pump, and optimized across three different disciplines of cost, natural frequency and temperature to find the baseplate design with the highest sales potential.
We focused on sales as it is the most important financial metric for the product, but a similar framework can be used for maximizing profit, NPV, IRR or any other financial metric. We used two approaches for finding the best design for the company. In the first approach, we found designs which minimized cost and temperature, while increasing the natural frequency. We then converted the cost and temperature data into sales and chose the design with most sales. In the second approach, we only set one objective of maximizing sales and chose the design with the highest sales. In both the approaches we were able to significantly increase sales. We would recommend approach 1 as we get higher sales with the method, and because of limitations within the optimization software OptiSLang in regards to implementing approach 2. Approach 2 might become the better option in the coming years as MDO software, including OptiSLang, is in the early stage and might significantly improve.
Approach 2 also has the advantage of MDO teams only setting one objective, helping establish consistency and uniformity in MDO implementation. We believe MDO has a lot of potential. Similar to CAD, it is an extremely powerful tool. Some of the challenges to successful implementation were: computational resources, high quality and reliable financial data and early stage MDO software. Organizations which implement MDO will create better products which maximize savings and financial benefit.
by Rishab Mardia.
M. Eng. in Advanced Manufacturing and Design
M.Eng.inAdvancedManufacturingandDesign Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Gawaran, Edmond J. "Financial analysis of hastily-formed networks." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2585.
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One of the common lessons learned from the 11 September Terrorist Attacks in 2001, Southeast Asia Tsunami in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005, was there were major command and control (C2) and information challenges during the crisis response efforts. The Department of Defense (DoD) is currently transitioning to face these global threats of terrorism and natural disasters, as well as support the goals of the new National Strategy, by developing new plans and procedures to improve the coordination, communications and operations between DoD and other entities when responding simultaneously to such complex humanitarian disasters (CHD). In searching for a mobile and adoptable communication solution for military operations, the DoD should consider a C2 system that utilizes advanced commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technology. Hastilyformed networks (HFN) could provide a global broadband network node with internet, voice, video and data capability in a rapidly deployable manner, which offer significant advantages to military and other crisis response activities. The focus of this thesis concentrates on the financial aspects of HFNs in support of humanitarian assistance and/or disaster relief (HA/DR) efforts by U.S. armed forces. This research and analysis of HFNs could present prospective benefits to DoD, which include cost-savings, enhanced emergency response capabilities and improved interagency/international relations. Additionally, this study will provide a recommended model methodology and iterations for future military-use of HFNs in support of the DoD's vision of "transformation."
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Khalfaoui, Rabeh. "Wavelet analysis of financial time series." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1083.
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Cette thèse traite la contribution des méthodes d'ondelettes sur la modélisation des séries temporelles économiques et financières et se compose de deux parties: une partie univariée et une partie multivariée. Dans la première partie (chapitres 2 et 3), nous adoptons le cas univarié. Premièrement, nous examinons la classe des processus longue mémoire non-stationnaires. Une étude de simulation a été effectuée afin de comparer la performance de certaines méthodes d'estimation semi-paramétrique du paramètre d'intégration fractionnaire. Nous examinons aussi la mémoire longue dans la volatilité en utilisant des modèles FIGARCH pour les données de l'énergie. Les résultats montrent que la méthode d'estimation Exact Local Whittle de Shimotsu et Phillips [2005] est la meilleure méthode de détection de longue mémoire et la volatilité du pétrole exhibe une forte évidence de phénomène de mémoire longue. Ensuite, nous analysons le risque de marché des séries de rendements univariées de marchés boursier, qui est mesurée par le risque systématique (bêta) à différents horizons temporels. Les résultats montrent que le Bêta n'est pas stable, en raison de multi-trading stratégies des investisseurs. Les résultats basés sur l'analyse montrent que le risque mesuré par la VaR est plus concentrée aux plus hautes fréquences. La deuxième partie (chapitres 4 et 5) traite l'estimation de la variance et la corrélation conditionnelle des séries temporelles multivariées. Nous considérons deux classes de séries temporelles: les séries temporelles stationnaires (rendements) et les séries temporelles non-stationnaires (séries en niveaux)This thesis deals with the contribution of wavelet methods on modeling economic and financial time series and consists of two parts: the univariate time series and multivariate time series. In the first part (chapters 2 and 3), we adopt univariate case. First, we examine the class of non-stationary long memory processes. A simulation study is carried out in order to compare the performance of some semi-parametric estimation methods for fractional differencing parameter. We also examine the long memory in volatility using FIGARCH models to model energy data. Results show that the Exact local Whittle estimation method of Shimotsu and Phillips [2005] is the better one and the oil volatility exhibit strong evidence of long memory. Next, we analyze the market risk of univariate stock market returns which is measured by systematic risk (beta) at different time horizons. Results show that beta is not stable, due to multi-trading strategies of investors. Results based on VaR analysis show that risk is more concentrated at higher frequency. The second part (chapters 4 and 5) deals with estimation of the conditional variance and correlation of multivariate time series. We consider two classes of time series: the stationary time series (returns) and the non-stationary time series (levels). We develop a novel approach, which combines wavelet multi-resolution analysis and multivariate GARCH models, i.e. the wavelet-based multivariate GARCH approach. However, to evaluate the volatility forecasts we compare the performance of several multivariate models using some criteria, such as loss functions, VaR estimation and hedging strategies
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Jakova, Ivana. "Theory and Practice of Financial Analysis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18064.
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Analysts, managers or other business executives and students have at their disposal wide variety analytical techniques when they want to evaluate company's financial position or when they wish to better understand the financial implication of business operational activities or investment. This thesis examines the uses of financial analysis as one of the main financial assessment techniques. After describing theoretically the main tools of financial analysis, this thesis determines the practicality of these tools in evaluating the financial health of a car distributor company for the period from year 2002 to year 2009. Despite the fact that the analyzed company's core business is car distributor, this analysis takes into consideration also other activities of the company such as repair center because, as the analysis shows, it influenced the financial results of the company. This thesis is concluded with general outcomes from the financial analysis and with recommendation for the company in order to prevent potential risks and in order to improve its financial results.
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Vobořilová, Markéta. "Financial Analysis of Continental Corporation Inc." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192816.
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The goal of this diploma thesis is presentation and application of different types of methods of financial analysis. In the theoretical part there are described principles of financial statements according to International Financial Accounting Standards on which is the financial analysis based on. Also there are described applied methods, their indicators and patterns. In the practical part of diploma thesis there are used some of the described methods of financial analysis to the international company Continental Corporation Inc. Financial analysis is used to assessment of financial situation of the company and its development in years 2009 to 2013.
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Malyavskaya, Yulia. "Financial Analysis of ŠKODA AUTO, a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193096.
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Hereby presented diploma thesis "Financial analysis of ŠKODA AUTO a.s." introduces the financial performance of the joint-stock company ŠKODA AUTO and attempts to provide with comprehensive in-depth analysis and to determine financial situation over the period from 2009 to 2013. The work comprises two main parts- theoretical and practical. The first part discusses theoretical issues related to financial analysis and establishes framework for further implementation of methodology. It involves purpose and objectives of financial analysis, resources employed to conduct research and methods and techniques, namely, horizontal and vertical analysis, financial ratios and models for financial health assessment. The second part describes company profile, industry analysis and particularly focuses on implementation of financial analysis of ŠKODA AUTO. This research is processed on the basis of financial data derived from the annual reports of the firm, which are available for public. In order to evaluate the company's performance and demonstrate its development various approaches are applied. Specifically, I will implement trend and vertical analysis of the balance sheet and the income statement, analyze the cash-flow statement and compute the following financial ratios: liquidity, profitability, activity, debt and solvency indicators. In addition, DuPont decomposition of return on equity (ROE) will be presented. Furthermore, analysis of financial health and credibility of the firm represented by the Beaver Test, Kralicek Quick Test and the Altman-score model will scrutinize the company's stability, profitability and creditworthiness as well as assess the threat of bankruptcy. In the conclusion all results of conducted financial analysis are summarized and evaluated.
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Candelon, Bertrand. "A clinical analysis of financial crises." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=13643.
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Choi, Nicole Yunjeong. "Institutional investors and financial statement analysis." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/N_Choi_041709.pdf.
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Yiu, Fu-keung. "Time series analysis of financial index /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18003047.
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Hamre, Sarah, Anita Adjei, Eric Brady, Brent Hankins, and Samantha Tolmachoff. "Kona Grill, Inc.: A Financial Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297622.
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The team performed an in-depth analysis on the casual dining restaurant, Kona Grill (NASDAQ: KONA). The overall analysis took a top-down approach. First, macroeconomic conditions and trends pertaining to the restaurant industry were analyzed. Next, a comprehensive financial analysis was performed on Kona Grill and its closest competitors. Finally, various absolute and relative valuation techniques were performed to determine the intrinsic value of the stock, which came out to $8.29. Compared to the current price on 4/08/2013 of $8.83, it was determined that the stock was fairly valued, warranting a hold recommendation.
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Hankins, Brent, Sarah Hamre, Anita Adjei, Eric Brady, and Samantha Tolmachoff. "Kona Grill, Inc.: A Financial Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297641.
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The team performed an in-depth analysis on the casual dining restaurant, Kona Grill (NASDAQ: KONA). The overall analysis took a top-down approach. First, macroeconomic conditions and trends pertaining to the restaurant industry were analyzed. Next, a comprehensive financial analysis was performed on Kona Grill and its closest competitors. Finally, various absolute and relative valuation techniques were performed to determine the intrinsic value of the stock, which came out to $8.29. Compared to the current price on 4/08/2013 of $8.83, it was determined that the stock was fairly valued, warranting a hold recommendation.
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Tolmachoff, Samantha, Anita Adjei, Eric Brady, Sarah Hamre, and Brent Hankins. "Kona Grill, Inc.: A Financial Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297790.
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The team performed an in-depth analysis on the casual dining restaurant, Kona Grill (NASDAQ: KONA). The overall analysis took a top-down approach. First, macroeconomic conditions and trends pertaining to the restaurant industry were analyzed. Next, a comprehensive financial analysis was performed on Kona Grill and its closest competitors. Finally, various absolute and relative valuation techniques were performed to determine the intrinsic value of the stock, which came out to $8.29. Compared to the current price on 4/08/2013 of $8.83, it was determined that the stock was fairly valued, warranting a hold recommendation.
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Shani, Najah Turki. "Multivariate analysis and survival analysis with application to company failure." Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multivariate-analysis-and-survival-analysis-with-application-to-company-failure(a031bf91-13bc-4367-b4fc-e240ab54a73b).html.
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This thesis offers an explanation of the statistical modelling of corporate financial indicators in the context where the life of a company is terminated. Whilst it is natural for companies to fail or close down, an excess of failure causes a reduction in the activity of the economy as a whole. Therefore, studies on business failure identification leading to models which may provide early warnings of impending financial crisis may make some contribution to improving economic welfare. This study considers a number of bankruptcy prediction models such as multiple discriminant analysis and logit, and then introduces survival analysis as a means of modelling corporate failure. Then, with a data set of UK companies which failed, or were taken over, or were still operating when the information was collected, we provide estimates of failure probabilities as a function of survival time, and we specify the significance of financial characteristics which are covariates of survival. Three innovative statistical methods are introduced. First, a likelihood solution is provided to the problem of takeovers and mergers in order to incorporate such events into the dichotomous outcome of failure and survival. Second, we move away from the more conventional matched pairs sampling framework to one that reflects the prior probabilities of failure and construct a sample of observations which are randomly censored, using stratified sampling to reflect the structure of the group of failed companies. The third innovation concerns the specification of survival models, which relate the hazard function to the length of survival time and to a set of financial ratios as predictors. These models also provide estimates of the rate of failure and of the parameters of the survival function. The overall adequacy of these models has been assessed using residual analysis and it has been found that the Weibull regression model fitted the data better than other parametric models. The proportional hazard model also fitted the data adequately and appears to provide a promising approach to the prediction of financial distress. Finally, the empirical analysis reported in this thesis suggests that survival models have lower classification error than discriminant and logit models.
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Nigrini, Morne. "Financial services for poor South Africans : an analysis of financial serivices cooperatives." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50357.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africans earning less than Rl 440 per month (18 million adults) and less than R2 880 per month (29 million adults) are regarded as poor and relatively poor respectively. Of the relatively poor, 78% are unbanked, i.e. do not have access to a formal bank account, while 86% of the poor are unbanked. These figures show clearly that commercial banks do not meet the financial needs of many people, especially the poor for savings, credit, transmission and insurance services. Therefore the importance of those institutions that do not form part of the formal financial sector and provide micro savings and micro credit services, generally referred to as micro finance, to the poor at the local level on a sustainable basis. The objective of this research is twofold. Firstly, a review of the literature on micro finance in general to establish the financial needs of the poor, the constraints formal financial institutions face in providing micro financial services and to identify best practice regarding the provision of financial services to the poor in order to be in the position to form an opinion on institutional success. Secondly, to analyse a specific South African micro finance initiative, Financial Services Cooperatives (FSCs), to identify how FSCs relate to the international best practice and to establish whether they are successful in addressing the financial needs of the poor. A FSC is a financial institution through which micro finance services (savings, credit, transmission and insurance) are extended to unbanked households in a rural village. It utilises a community's rules, customs, relationships, knowledge, solidarity and resources combined with formal financial methods and concepts. The FSC is initiated, owned, financed and managed by the villagers themselves. FSCs are registered cooperatives under the Cooperative Act of 1981 and may accept deposits from their members in terms of an exemption from the Bank Act of 1990. Currently, FSCs experience problems in providing credit, transmission and insurance services, preventing them from intermediating between borrowers and savers. After reviewing the above-mentioned international best practice the conclusion reached with regard to FSCs includes the following: FSCs only provide savings services and therefore do not intermediate between borrowers and savers as required for a financial institution. This in tum prevents them from being sustainable. FSCs' failure can be ascribed to the restrictive legislation, unsuccessful regulation and supervision. New legislation is currently under review that will change the landscape for micro finance and specifically for FSCs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrikaners wat minder as Rl 440 per maand (18 miljoen volwassenes) en minder as R2 880 per maand verdien (29 miljoen volwassenes) word onderskeidelik as arm and relatief arm bestempel. Agt-en-sewentig persent van dié wat relatief arm is, het nie toegang tot 'n formele bankrekening nie, terwyl 86% van dié wat arm is, geen toegang het nie. Hierdie syfers toon duidelik dat kommersiële banke nie aan die finansiële behoeftes, met betrekking tot spaar-, krediet-, transmissie- en versekeringsdienste van baie mense voldoen nie, veral nie die armes nie. Daarom dat instellings wat nie deel vorm van die formele finansiële sektor nie en mikrobesparings en mikro-krediet, algemeen bekend as mikro-finansies, in 'n plaaslike gebied en op 'n volhoubare basis verleen, belangrik is. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is tweeledig: Eerstens, bied dit 'n oorsig oor die mikro-finansiering literatuur ten einde die finansiële behoeftes van die armes te ondersoek en die beperkings wat formele finansiële instellings ondervind om mikro-finansiële dienste te verskaf, aan te stip. Beste praktyk rakende die voorsiening van finansiële dienste aan die armes word geïdentifiseer, om sodoende in 'n posisie te wees om 'n opinie te kan vorm oor institusionele suksesfaktore. Tweedens, om a spesifieke Suid-Afrikaanse mikro-finansiële inisiatief, Finanical Services Cooperatives (FSCs) te ondersoek, ten einde vas te stel hoe hierdie inisiatief vergelyk met internasionale beste praktyk en hoe suksesvol dit is in die voorsiening van finansiële dienste aan die armes. 'n FSC is 'n finansiële instelling waardeur mikro-finansiële dienste (spaar-, krediet-, transmissie- en versekeringsdienste) verskaf word aan diegene in 'n plattelandse nedersetting wat nie toegang tot formele bankdienste het me. FSCs maak gebruik van 'n gemeenskap se reëls, gebruike, verhoudings, kennis, solidariteit en hulpbronne en kombineer dit met formele finansiële metodes en konsepte. Dit is 'n inisiatief van die gemeenskap en word deur die inwoners van die nedersetting besit, finansier en bestuur. FSCs is geregistreerde koëperasies in terme van die Ko-operatiewe Wet van 1981, en mag ook deposito's van hulle lede aanvaar op grand van 'n vrystelling van die Bankwet van 1990. Tans ondervind FSCs probleme in die verskaffing van krediet-, transmissieen versekeringsdienste wat hulle verhoed om as tussenganger tussen leners en spaarders op te tree. Na die oorweging van die internasionale beste-praktyk, kan die volgende gevolgtrekking rakende FSCs gemaak word: FSCs tree nie op as tussenganger tussen leners en spaarders nie, soos vereis word van 'n finansiële instelling nie. Dit beperk gevolglik volhoubaarheid. Die mislukking kan toegeskryf word aan beperkte wetgewing, onsuksesvolle regulering en supervisie. Nuwe wetgewing is tans onder oorweging wat die landskap vir mikro finansiering en veral vir FSCs sal verander.
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Buddy, Nancy J. "Analyzing the Financial Condition of Higher Education Institutions Using Financial Ratio Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2194/.
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The problem concerned the financial indicators used to evaluate the financial condition of the six sister higher education institutions under the authority of the Board of Regents of Oklahoma Colleges. The purposes were to determine the financial ratios that best indicate financial condition; to calculate those financial ratios for the six designated Oklahoma higher education institutions; and to evaluate and compare the financial condition of the six institutions. This study attempted to further the use of financial ratio analysis as an objective addition to subjective studies that examine an institution's definition of its mission, objectives, and goals and its own assessment of the degree to which its resources allow it to attain those goals. The data were obtained from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System; the financial reports were audited by independent certified public accountants and presented to the Board of Regents of Oklahoma Colleges; and John Minter Associates, Inc., provided the national norms. The set of financial ratios identified provides a means to study a single higher education institution through trend analysis and in comparison to national norms. It also works well with a sample of homogeneous institutions with interinstitutional comparison. The techniques are intended to provide a general profile of an institutions financial health. Cause-and-effect ratio analysis has been proposed as another technique to aid administrators in determining changes in their financial statements and what may have caused them. The study identified a set of financial ratios that summarize the financial condition of a higher education institution. The ratios helped to analyze the financial solvency and viability of the six Oklahoma higher education institutions and focused on the ability of the institutions to meet current and future financial requirements. The importance of financial statement analysis should not be underestimated. The understandable format of financial ratios allows virtually any stakeholder to acquire a basic comprehension of the most critical financial policies of institutions and their financial condition.
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Murthy, Vijaya Sundari. "Narratives on managerial mobilisation of Non-financial Performance Information in a financial institution." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8771.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine how managers mobilise non-financial performance information (NFPI) within an Australian financial institution. The thesis contains published work and uses a narrative approach to build on top of the three empirical papers. This narrative approach is used as both a theory and method. Data was collected from one Australian financial institution and included interviews with 14 executives and 45 employees, employee newsletters (2003-07), annual reports (2003-07), external stakeholder reports (2003-07) and internal strategy documents (2004-06). Narrative analysis was used to provide an understanding of the workings of the organisation by linking the past events to understand the mobilisation of NFPI. The rich detailed information found in the three individual papers was recast in this thesis into stories containing a plot, to understand how managers mobilised NFPI in the organisation. Managers found it a challenge to use NFPI frameworks because these frameworks tried to separate the individual elements (such as human capital, structural capital and relational capital). It was found that these non-financial elements worked in a network with each other and could not individually be put to work when they were separated. Also, it was found that the functioning of non-financial resources, such as intellectual capital, required inputs of financial resources. The managers faced many trials while using NFPI because these non-financial resources were constantly moderated by unacknowledged conditions and unintended effects. A plot was identified for each of the three empirical papers. Paper 1 was classified as a „tragedy‟, paper 2 classified as „satire‟ and paper 3 was classified as „romance‟. When financial resources interfered with the functioning of the back office (BO) „tragedy‟ was exhibited as the managers had to make decisions based on economisation and rationalisation ix of financial resources. When the internal and external documents highlighted that non-financial resources could be separated and evaluated individually, „satire‟ was exhibited. It was found that when managers tried to mobilise one intellectual capital element, it impacted on another intellectual capital element, due to constrained financial resources. However, by using a discourse on „workplace flexibility‟ managers were successful in mobilising non-financial resources, as the need for financial resource investment was insignificant, exhibiting a „romantic‟ drama. In this thesis, the narrative approach is considered as a frame of reference, a way of reflecting during the entire inquiry process, a research method, and a mode for representing the study. The thesis uses narratives to show the complexities that managers face while mobilising NFPI in practice. By using a narrative approach, this thesis portrays an actual organisational experience that questions common understandings and offers a degree of interpretive space. When major plots are identified comparison is possible. Tragic narratives focus attention on problem areas and crisis; satiric plots locate decision points that direct attention transitions where different actions lead to different results; romantic narratives suit processes where management actions lead to (expected) results. By reviewing and synthesising the literature and using a narrative approach, this thesis provides an important source of reference for future researchers and policy makers who wish to understand how managers mobilise NFPI in a large organisation. It also provides significant empirical evidence about how non-financial performance information is mobilised within an organisational setting.
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Johansson, Markus, Ola Arvidsson, and John Zerihoun. "Financial Institution’s Media Strategy : With respect to the Swedish financial market." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1112.
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Financial experts from various financial institutions are often seen in media. Media’s objec-tive towards the society is to report occurring events of interest to its audience. Media ap-pearances through giving expert opinions, is for financial institutions costless and a reason-ably effective way of promoting their top analysts and strategically position their firms. For the financial institutions, there exists competition for being allowed to participate and give expert reports when media is in need for a comment, and therefore a media strategy is con-sidered required. The purpose, used as guidance in this thesis, is to describe the Swedish financial media en-vironment and analyze why certain financial institutions are more active than others. The method when conducting research in this thesis is a combination of both an inductive and deductive approach. The underlying factor behind this choice, rests in the strive to ful-fill the purpose in most satisfying manner and receive as valid and reliable data as possible. The study also uses both quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical research in media companies’ databases and interviews with persons with key positions at the financial insti-tutions has been conducted. The thesis stresses the fact that the broadcasting companies approach strategies towards the Swedish financial industry differently. However, this thesis proves that another reality governs. In truth, all the broadcasting companies have common references for the most appealing financial expert when asking for expert opinions. The financial institution’s standpoints differ in the area of media appearance. The thesis concludes that financial institutions with the most prominent desire to participate and comment a broad range of financial segments in media are proved to be successful in this area. In general though, as a financial institution on the Swedish market, this thesis shows no correlation between having an outspoken media strategy and being successful in this field. This thesis concludes that when discussing which financial institutions that is more suc-cessful than others, the size of the company is important to take into consideration. The study has also proved that financial experts, often equivalent with the analyst, are appeared to be vital for any financial institution in order to succeed in media.
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Lee, Pei Shyuan. "A financial crime analysis methodology for financial discussion boards using information extraction techniques." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2018. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/622189/.
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Financial discussion boards (FDBs) have been widely used for a variety of financial knowledge exchange activities through the posting of comments. Popular public FDBs are prone to be used as a medium for spreading misleading financial information due to having larger audience groups. Moderation of posted content heavily relies on manual tasks. Unfortunately, the daily comments volume received on popular FDBs realistically prevents human moderators or relevant authorities from proactively monitoring and moderating possibly fraudulent FDB content as it is extremely time-consuming and expensive to manually read all the content. This thesis presents a financial crime analysis methodology (which is comprised of novel forward analysis and novel backward analysis methodologies) implemented in a template-based Information Extraction (IE) prototype system, namely FDBs Miner (FDBM). The methodologies aim to detect potentially illegal Pump and Dump (P&D) activities on FDBs with the integration of per minute share prices in the detection process. This integration can reduce false positives during the detection as it categorises the potentially illegal comments into different risk levels for investigation purposes. P&D is a well-known financial crime that happens through different methods including FDBs. P&D happens when fraudsters deceive investors into buying stocks by spreading misleading information. FDBM extracts a company's ticker symbol (i.e. a unique symbol that represents and identifies each listed company on the stock market), comments and share prices from FDBs based in the UK for experimental purposes. Results from both forward and backward analysis experiments show that the two novel methodologies can aid relevant authorities in the detection of potentially illegal activities on FDBs. Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) experiments have also shown that the approach could be adopted in the process of detecting potentially illegal activities on FDBs.
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Zhang, Qiwei. "Analysis on demand of Financial Planning Service in 2016: Influence of Financial Literacy." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555660498010599.
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Belchoff, Boris S. "Analysis of changes in federal financial ratios." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA393156.
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Ramyar, Richard. "Essays on technical analysis in financial markets." Thesis, City, University of London, 2006. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18945/.
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Technical analysis is the study of price movements in traded markets so as to forecast future movements or identify trading opportunities. Following a review of the history and research of technical analysis, three empirical chapters evaluate a number of propositions popular among technical analysts. One approach used widely over the last century assumes that support and resistance levels can be predicted by projecting the ratios between the length and duration of successive trends, in particular using Fibonacci ratios like 1.618. This proposition is rejected for the Dow Jones Industrial Average by identifying turning points and testing for clustering by developing a block bootstrap procedure. A few significant ratios appear to support such anchoring by the market, but no more than would be expected by chance. The thesis then reports a survey based experiment that tests whether individuals themselves do have an in-built tendency to anchor forecasts of future trends on previous trends. The significance of the survey results are tested using a novel kernel density estimator based bootstrap methodology. Respondents' forecasts do bear some relationship to the size of the most recent trend by certain whole-number ratios by more often than would be expected by chance. The third experiment addresses the criticism that academic studies do not use a rich enough characterisation of technical analysis. 120 active market-timing strategies are tested using a regression based framework of equity fundamentals, macroeconomic fundamentals, behavioural variables and a diverse set of mainstream statistical indicators from technical analysis. Our recursive approach uses time-invariant rolling and expanding estimation windows as well as conditional windows based on the presence of structural breaks, identified using the conditional reverse ordered cusum method (ROC), of Pesaran and Timmermann (2002). Models that include both fundamental and technical indicators perform well, even allowing for realistic levels of transactions costs. And accounting for structural instability via the ROC method also improves performance.
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Fays, Gérard. "Boltzmann machine applied to financial ratio analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59399.
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This thesis presents an implementation of supervised learning performed with a stochastic neural net, as applied to a classification of business firms based on financial statements and ratios. The general Boltzmann Machine Algorithm is presented in detail, as well as the specific version designed for this application. We describe in detail several classifications that we attempted to reproduce, and some of the different possible ways of encoding the data issued from the income statements and the balance sheet. The results are shown to depend on the chosen encoding. We also confirm that the neural net behaves better when it is trained on the most difficult cases.
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Gang, Jianhua. "Volatility analysis on macroeconomy and financial market." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542806.
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