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1
Mahieux, Lucas. "Essays in Financial Accounting and Auditing." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10027/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur le reporting financier. L'objectif principal du premier chapitre est de comprendre le rôle de la comptabilité à la juste valeur, en tenant compte de la possibilité pour les banques d'utiliser leur information privée (reporting de niveau 3) pour calculer les justes valeurs. À savoir, j'analyse un modèle de réglementation prudentielle pour faire la lumière sur les incitations des banques à utiliser les rapports de niveau 3. J'introduis des mesures comptables en tant qu'intrants primaires dans les exigences de fonds propres établies par un organisme de réglementation afin de répartir efficacement les droits de contrôle au sein d'une banque et de fournir une discipline de gestion. Mon analyse des externalités de reporting de niveau 3 met en évidence un arbitrage intéressant entre la transparence et la stabilité financière. D'une part, les rapports de niveau 3 réduisent la capacité des parties prenantes d'une banque à extraire des informations des états financiers de banques similaires. D'un autre côté, les rapports de niveau 3 réduisent le risque systémique causé par la comptabilisation à la valeur de marché. En outre, la manipulation rend le signalement de niveau 3 moins souhaitable, ce qui peut à son tour augmenter le risque systémique. Le deuxième chapitre de cette thèse est co-écrit avec Jeremy Bertomeu de l'Université de Californie à San Diego et Haresh Sapra de l'Université de Chicago. Dans ce chapitre, nous abordons la question du système optimal de provisionnement des pertes sur prêts pour les banques. En particulier, nous développons d'abord un cadre pour étudier comment la mesure comptable et la réglementation prudentielle interagissent pour affecter les incitations d'une banque à obtenir un crédit. Notre résultat principal est que le système de mesure comptable et l'effet de levier bancaire sont des outils politiques qui devraient être utilisés en parallèle, générant plus de valeur que les systèmes reposant soit sur la réglementation comptable, soit sur la réglementation prudentielle. Ensuite, nous utilisons nos résultats pour faire la lumière sur le débat actuel sur le modèle approprié de provisionnement des pertes sur prêts pour les banques. Nous montrons que si les banques prennent des risques excessifs dans le cadre d'un modèle de pertes encourues, un modèle de pertes attendues peut entraîner des liquidations excessives. Le troisième chapitre de cette thèse s'éloigne des rapports financiers pour les banques afin de se concentrer sur l'analyse des incitations des auditeurs à fournir une qualité d'audit élevée. En particulier, j'essaie de comprendre l'impact de la fourniture de services autres que d'audit (NAS) sur les incitations des sociétés d'audit, afin de conclure sur la meilleure façon de réguler cette industrie. Je crois qu'une meilleure compréhension des incitations des auditeurs est nécessaire pour concevoir de meilleures réglementations. À cette fin, je développe un cadre qui fournit de nouvelles perspectives sur les effets incitatifs des NAS sur les auditeurs. Je montre qu'il peut être optimal pour les investisseurs d'une entreprise cliente de laisser l'auditeur externe fournir des NAS en raison d'une externalité d'incitation. En effet, la possibilité de fournir des NAS en cas de détection d'anomalies financières augmente les incitations de l'auditeur à exercer un effort d'audit. Cependant, en dépit de cette externalité positive, la fourniture de NAS peut diminuer la qualité perçue de l'audit, ce qui peut à son tour rendre la fourniture de NAS par les auditeurs indésirables. Ainsi, mon analyse révèle un arbitrage intéressant pour les régulateurs entre l'effet d'incitation positif et la diminution de la qualité de l'audit. L'élimination de la restriction actuelle sur les honoraires d'audit conditionnels peut compenser cette baisse ex post de la qualité de l'audit tout en préservant les incitations ex anteThis thesis focuses on financial reporting. The main objective of the first chapter is to understand the role of fair value accounting, taking into account the possibility for banks to use their private information (Level 3 reporting) to compute fair values. Namely, I analyze a model of prudential regulation to shed some light on banks' incentives to use Level 3 reporting. I bring in accounting measures as the primary inputs into capital requirements set by a regulator to efficiently allocate control rights within a bank and to provide managerial discipline. My analysis of the Level 3 reporting externalities highlights an interesting tradeoff between transparency and financial stability. On the one hand, Level 3 reporting reduces the ability for a bank's stakeholders to extract information from financial statements of similar banks. On the other hand, Level 3 reporting decreases systemic risk caused by mark-to-market accounting. Further, manipulation makes Level 3 reporting less desirable, which may in turn increase systemic risk. I believe that the framework of this chapter offers other opportunities to study the real-effects of fair value accounting that have not yet been explored. The second chapter of this thesis is co-authored with Jeremy Bertomeu of the University of California San Diego and Haresh Sapra of the University of Chicago. In this chapter, we tackle the question of the optimal loan loss provisioning system for banks. In particular, we develop first a framework to study how accounting measurement and prudential regulation interact to affect a bank's incentives to originate credit. Our main result is that the accounting measurement system and bank leverage are policy tools that should be used in tandem, generating more value than systems that rely either on accounting regulation or on prudential regulation. Then, we use our results to shed some light on the current debate on the appropriate loan loss provisioning model for banks. We show that while banks engage in excessive risk-taking under an incurred loss model, an expected loss model can lead to excessive liquidations. The third chapter of this thesis moves away from financial reporting for banks to focus on the analysis of auditors' incentives to deliver high audit quality. In particular, I try to understand the impact of the provision of non-audit services (NAS) on audit firms' incentives, in order to conclude on the best way to regulate this industry. I believe that a better understanding of auditors' incentives is necessary to design better regulations. To that end, I develop a framework that provides new insights into the incentive effects of NAS on auditors. I show that it can be optimal for the investors of a client firm to let the external auditor provide NAS because of an incentive externality. Indeed, the possibility of providing NAS contingent on detecting financial misstatements increases the auditor's incentives to exert audit effort. However, despite this positive externality, the provision of NAS may decrease perceived audit quality, which may in turn render the provision of NAS by auditors undesirable. Thus, my analysis uncovers an interesting tradeoff for regulators between the positive incentive effect and the decrease in audit quality. Removing the current restriction on contingent audit fees may offset this ex post decrease in audit quality while preserving the ex ante incentives
2
Hoffman, Benjamin. "The Market's Perception of the Regulatory Change from Auditing Standard No. 2 to Auditing Standard No. 5." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228153.
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I investigate the stock market's reaction to events related to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's (PCAOB) development and enactment of Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS 5). The change from Auditing Standard No. 2 (AS 2) to AS 5 was debated in the business press at length. The PCAOB stated that the goal of AS 5 was to reduce the prohibitive costs of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Section 404 and AS 2 (Krishnan et al. 2008) while maintaining the effectiveness of the internal control audits required by those policies. However, there was concern that internal control audit quality would decrease under AS 5. My study examines how investors perceived this change by considering stock market reaction around 10 event dates related to PCAOB and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) actions with regard to the development and enactment of AS 5. I find evidence that the market's reaction to key AS 5 events was significantly negative, which is consistent with investors perceiving AS 5 as a significant decrease in internal control audit quality. I also study these investor reactions cross-sectionally to further examine the two potential effects of AS 5 (decrease in compliance costs and decrease in internal control audit quality) and how they relate to firm characteristics (size, complexity, litigation risk, and fraud risk). I find evidence consistent with my main finding: investors' perceived increase in information risk under AS 5 is apparent when considering firm characteristics. Finally, I consider ex-post financial reporting quality under AS 5 and find no significant change in financial reporting quality compared to under AS 2. This study contributes to accounting research by being the first to study the stock market's perception of this significant policy change archivally and the first to consider the effectiveness of AS 5 with regard to financial reporting quality.
3
Chiang, Christina. "The consideration of environmental matters in the audit of financial reports." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/534.
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There has been a dearth of research on ‘auditors and environmental matters’ since Collison (1996) and Collison and Gray (1997) completed their study on the views of UK auditors about whether auditing is changing, or should be changing, in relation to environmental concerns. It is now more than ten years since the publication of that study. Growing international concern for environmental matters has since led to the issue of International Auditing Practice Statement (IAPS) -1010: The consideration of environmental matters in the audit of financial report in 1998 and, in New Zealand, Audit Guidance Statement (AGS) -1010: The consideration of environmental matters in the audit of a financial statement in 2001. Yet, to date, there has been no examination of the impact of IAPS-1010 or AGS-1010 on either current audit practice, or the issues raised by Collison (1996) and Collison and Gray (1997). This doctoral thesis has attempted to address the environmental impact gap in the auditing research literature. In particular, it has investigated the consideration of environmental matters in the audit of financial reports in the light of AGS-1010, with a view to understanding better the following issues: (1) how auditors generally perceive the consideration of environmental matters in the audit of financial reports; (2) the common approaches and practices auditors undertake when auditing environmental matters; (3) the challenges (if any) that auditors face in the audit of environmental matters (4) the impact (if any) of AGS 1010 on current audit practice and, finally, (5) how current practices in the audit of environmental matters may be improved and further developed to meet better the espoused aims of AGS-1010. Qualitative interviews with twenty-seven senior financial audit practitioners and others in New Zealand provided the basis for the findings. The interviews were taped, transcribed and managed with the use of computerised qualitative analysis software (NViVo7). Key findings from the research interviews were as follows: (1) the introduction of AGS-1010 had little impact on current audit practice in New Zealand; (2) environmental matters were treated no differently from any other audit issues, and auditors tended to apply common, familiar audit approaches in dealing with environmental matters; (3) auditors found the effective auditing of environmental matters challenging owing to their inability to identify such matters, and their lack of relevant expert knowledge. The most significant finding from this study is that, in general, common audit practices were riddled with issues of concern. These issues point to a broader and more significant problem. It would seem that current audit practices fail to consider many potential audit issues (including environmental matters) adequately in the audit of financial reports. For auditors to be more effective in their audit practice and in protecting the public interest, not only does audit methodology need a major review, but auditors themselves need to change their attitudes and mindsets in their approach to auditing.
4
Andersson, Mary-Ann, and Nilsson Rebecka. "Financial or performance auditing? : the role of elected auditors in Swedish municipalities." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8467.
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The aim of this thesis is to see if the elected auditors in the Swedish municipalities focus more on financial or on performance auditing in the audit report. This is a very important question today in the public sector because of the change in the elected auditor’s duties and responsibility. The public organizations management and accounting today are influenced by the private sector; therefore there must be a change in the elected auditor’s role in the public organization. The investigation was done by going through the audit reports of the municipalities of Sweden. The factors looked at were connected to both financial auditing and performance auditing and public management and accounting. Besides looking for factors, the number of words connected to each factor was counted. Since we only received audit reports from 232 out of 290 municipalities, our result is a little skewed representing the larger municipalities.The results from this study is that there is significantly more information concerning financial auditing rather than performance auditing in the audit report in the municipalities of Sweden. Also the political majority has no effect on the content of the audit report, nor do the political parties affect the amount of information concerning financial or performance auditing. The study also shows that the use of professional auditors in the municipalities can affect the content of the audit reports, both when it comes to financial and performance auditing.
5
Buijink, Willem Frederik Jan. "Empirical financial accounting research compliance with regulation, distributional properties of financial ratios and demand for external auditing /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1992. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8263.
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Beer, Gabrielle Jamie. "Auditing the Auditors: The Role of Accounting Firms in the 2008 Financial Crisis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/516.
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Until recently, the role of auditors in the 2008 financial crisis had largely been overlooked by regulators and the general public. Though not responsible for the meltdown, accounting firms have been criticized – and sued – for failing to warn investors about problems at financial institutions before the crisis.
Auditors can and should take steps to improve their function as independent overseers in the financial world. But there also is a gap between the expectations of auditors and their true responsibilities. As Lord Justice Lopes at the Court of Appeal in England famously said more than a century ago: The auditor “is a watchdog but not a bloodhound.” This thesis examines the so-called expectations gap and recommends ways to improve the audit quality of financial institutions.
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Lewis, Izelle. "The role of internal auditing in providing combined Assurance : assessing internal financial controls." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/44973.
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Internal auditors are playing a vital role in the corporate governance structure of an
increasing number of organisations and are a fundamental component of the combined
assurance task force. The objective of this study is to analyse the relevance and value of
the written assessment regarding the effectiveness of internal financial controls in a
combined assurance environment within the financial services industry from the chief audit
executive’s (CAE) perspective. Survey research was selected as an inquiry strategy. The
survey research that was conducted, was in the form of questionnaires. The financial
service companies that appeared on the 2012 Top 200 African Listed Companies were
utilized as the population of this research study.
Based on the outcome of the results of the research study, the relevance and value of the
written assessment regarding the effectiveness of internal financial controls should be
customised for and by every organisation. The most important aspect, firstly, is that the
significant financial risks relating to material misstatement of the organisation’s financial
position are identified. Secondly, that the internal audit activity performs a formal
assessment on the effectiveness of the internal financial controls relating to the above
mentioned risks, in the form of a written report.
The results of this research study endorse the fact that the King III Report on Corporate
Governance emphasises the role of internal audit in combined assurance and corporate
governance. It was further noted that internal audit is perceived by the CAEs within the
financial services industry as one of the most important role players within an
organisation’s combined assurance processes. The written assessment of the
effectiveness of internal financial controls is seen as the result and/ or final outcome based
on Principle 7.3.6 of the King III Report (Institute of Directors Southern Africa, 2009:45). If
all the associated stakeholders and/ or assurance providers offer valuable and
constructive feedback on how to assess, manage and mitigate the significant internal
financial control risks facing the organisation, it has the potential to result in increasingly
sound corporate governance for the organisation.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Auditing
MCom
Unrestricted
8
Ackerman, Christo. "Internal auditors perceptions of the impact of control elements on internal control systems." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008158.
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The objective of this research report was to determine which internal controls are perceived, by internal auditors, to be contributing to the effectiveness of an internal control structure. The Committee for Sponsoring Organisations (COSO) integrated internal control framework was used as a basis for the questionnaire construction and respondents were asked to rate the perceived control effectiveness of each of the components of internal control. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the basic meaning of the data. The questionnaire was completed by following a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) which was sent to two internal auditors in audit firms. Thirty one responses were obtained; all the respondents have experience in the evaluation and assessment of internal control systems. This research showed that control elements as outlined in COSOs integrated internal control framework, if implemented, could contribute to the effectiveness of the internal control system.
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Andersson, Daniel, and Jakob Kostet. "Financial Credibility, Financial Constraints and Rule of Law : A quantitative study on international firms." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123034.
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Reducing firms’ financial constraints can be an important element for economic growth. Previous scholars have documented various factors that affect firms’ ability to access finance (e.g. Lambert et al., 2007, p. 385). In this study, we investigate the impact of financial reporting credibility in reducing firms’ financial constraints. In addition, we study the role that rule of law at a country level have on the above stated association. We hypothesize that financial reporting credibility decreases firms’ financial constraints. Then, we propose that the ability of financial reporting credibility to reduce financial constraints weakens when rule of law (at a country level) decreases. This is the first study to investigate how the association between financial reporting credibility and financial constraints are affected by rule of law on a country level, to the authors’ knowledge. The study uses 52,381 firms operating in 98 countries that responded to the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys between the time period 2006 to 2015. Financial constraints are measured through a variable that takes into consideration the perceived amount of obstacles firms are facing in their current operations and the proxy for financial credibility is whether firms have been audited or not. Our moderating term is the World Bank’s rule of law index. By using both regression and matching analysis, we find a significant negative association between financial credibility and financial constraints. This indicates that increased financial reporting credibility leads to less financial constraints for firms. For the moderating effect of the rule of law, the results are insignificant. However, we observe that when the level of rule of law is high, increased financial credibility leads to minor improvements in access to external finance.
10
Alshowaiman, Nizar Saleh. "Internet financial reporting and its implications for auditing in Saudi Arabia : an empirical investigation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503690.
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Hines, Tony. "Regulatory change in financial reporting, auditing and corporate governance : impact on perceptions and behaviours." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/regulatory-change-in-financial-reporting-auditing-and-corporate-governance(695725a9-b91e-4d53-a925-1968d6c40ede).html.
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The twelve refereed publications which form the basis of this PhD each deal with the impact of regulatory change on the perceptions and behaviours of key participants. The publications are drawn from three collaborative research projects exploring different aspects of financial reporting, auditing and corporate governance regulation. The first project considered the way in which a new regulatory enforcement body, the Financial Reporting Review Panel interpreted its role and the impact of its actions on preparers and auditors of financial statements. The second project reviewed the developing perceptions of preparers, regulators and auditors following the European Commission announcement that IFRS would be adopted for the consolidated accounts of all EU listed companies with effect from 2005. The third project explores the impact of the re-regulation that followed the Enron and Worldcom scandals. In particular it examines auditor / client financial reporting and auditing interactions and presents evidence on the role taken by the newly empowered audit committee in that process. All of the publications present the results of empirical evidence. While a wide range of research methods are used, interviews and questionnaire surveys dominate. All of the publications are policy relevant and recommendations are made in each paper. Although all the research has been undertaken in a UK setting, the issues are explored within the framework of international literature, and most of the findings and recommendations are of international significance. The first part of this commentary provides an overview of the contribution and quality of the work being submitted. The publications are then located within the broad sweep of regulatory theory to demonstrate the coherence of the submission. Each of the three projects is then considered in turn and the contribution to knowledge of each of the publications is then discussed in detail, and summarised in the conclusion.
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Robinson, Tara. "How to Enhance Financial Statement Reliability in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1227.
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In this paper, I will highlight the current issues at hand pertaining to the accounting industry policies. I will focus on the auditing sector providing services for public companies. I will lay out the structure, rules, and regulations that are in place today as well as criticize the areas that can be improved upon. I will go through various possibilities of solutions and conclude that the best way to increase financial statement reliability in our country is by both strengthening audit committees and providing financial statement insurance.
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Nickell, Erin Burrell. "An Examination of Issues Related to Professional Skepticism in Auditing." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5354.
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The third general standard of fieldwork requires auditors to maintain a skeptical mindset with regards to the collection and critical assessment of audit evidence. While professional skepticism is frequently referenced by professional standards, a lack of precision in defining the concept presumably leads to variation in how skepticism is exercised in practice. Drawing on theories from the fields of psychology, economics and organizational justice, this dissertation considers different perspectives of what constitutes sufficient professional skepticism and examines how those perspectives differ between audit practitioners and regulators. First, I consider competing perspectives of professional skepticism – neutral versus presumptive doubt – and whether asking auditors to adopt alternative perspectives of skepticism may have implications for audit efficiency and effectiveness. While, too little skepticism may endanger audit effectiveness and lead to audit failure or enforcement action, too much skepticism may arguably lead to unnecessary costs and inefficiency. Second, I consider whether the nature of the auditor-client relationship threatens an auditor's ability to maintain an attitude of professional skepticism. For example, theoretical perspectives from the fields of psychology and economics suggest that auditors may, consciously or unconsciously, be less skeptical of clients with whom they have developed close, positive working relationships or financial dependencies. More specifically, I consider whether skeptical behavior is impeded by management who display low-risk attitudes towards fraud or by client's who are considered to be highly important to the profitability of the local office. Finally, I examine how professional skepticism is defined from a regulator's perspective. When a public company is accused of fraudulent financial reporting, regulators may determine that the audit performed on the fraudulent financial statements was deficient. Prior research has suggested that in such cases, insufficient skepticism is often a leading cause of alleged audit failure. Within a fairness theory framework, this study examines enforcement actions against auditors between 1999 and 2009, and identifies certain factors that are associated with a citation for a lack of professional skepticism. Overall, results suggest that regulators approach the issue by determining whether auditors should have been more skeptical. Factors found to affect this determination include whether the auditor was perceived as having been aware of an elevated risk of fraud or whether the client was accused of having provided the auditor with false or misleading information during the course of their investigation.ID: 031001546; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Greg Trompeter.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 22, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-75).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Business Administration
Business Administration; Accounting
14
Otang, Arrey Dorothy, and David Makia Gabsia. "Demand For Auditing In Small Firms : An Impact On Small Companies In Sweden That Are Not Required By The Legislation To Have Their Accounts Audited." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1943.
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Despite the vital role that statutory auditing plays in enhancing trust or credibility over the financial statements of business entities, most member states in the European Union community have decided to grant a waiver or exempt small companies from the service in order to reduce administrative burden and cost for these companies. In Sweden this is still a proposal that will be in effect by 2010. Since accounting has become the way firms measure their performance, auditing has also become an increasing need for users of accounting information such as stakeholders. This paper presents an investigation on the banks opinion and reactions about the new proposal or legislation concerning small companies in Sweden that will be exempted from statutory auditing. The study is focused on the banks perspective since banks are key players in providing funds to small companies and enabling their survival. In granting loans to companies, banks always require them to provide audited financial statements for assurance and credibility purpose. Thus our empirical findings have been carried out through the inductive research method based on three interviews undertaken with some personnel of the management of three major banking institutions in the city of Umea and Skelleftea. From this study we found that though statutory audit will be removed for small companies by government, banks will still require these companies to provide them with audited financial statements when it comes to granting loans to companies. Unfortunately, this policy may backfire as it opens the floodgates for companies to manipulate by keeping low figures to avoid tax or high to increase credibility.
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Brown, Abigail Bugbee. "Private firms working in the public interest is the financial statement audit broken? /." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2007. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD212/.
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Scholz, Christian. "Evaluation and categorization of findings according to the Minimum Requirements for the Internal Audit Function of Banks 1/2000 (German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70206.
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Thesis (MBA)- Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main object of this study project is clause 14 of the circular 1/2000 "Minimum Requirements for the Internal Audit Function of Banks" of the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority. It requires that banks have a risk management system, a risk-based audit planning and a risk-based audit procedure. These have initiated the transformation process of the internal audit functions from the traditional audit approach, which is past and present orientated, to the risk-based audit approach, which is future oriented. During audit planning the audit objects are chosen due to their inherent-risk instead of choosing them due to indications of pastrelated information or estimations. To determine the inherent-risk the audit object's risk factors have to be determined and assessed. The aim of the study is to set up a model, which allows the standardized categorization of findings according to the Minimum Requirements for the Internal Audit Function of Banks 1/2000, which requires a categorization of findings into at least three categories: shortcoming, serious shortcoming, and particular grave deficiency. The Minimum Requirements doesn't impose a restriction to the method of categorization. The survey "Categorization of Findings" revealed that all banks are categorizing the findings, but that only a few banks are using an objective method to do so. To ensure a coherent, transparent and objective classification of the findings the classification process has to be standardized. For a standardized classification process the extent of the findings have to be comparable and quantitative. Therefore, techniques and methods have to be applied, which quantifies the extent of the findings making them comparable. In order to find the right method to assess the extent of the finding one has to look at the components of a finding. A finding consists of risk, which is expressed by the occurrence probability and the extent of damage. The occurrence probability and the extent of damage are described by various risk factors, which are quantitative and qualitative. These risk factors have to be objectively evaluated and aggregated to determine the risk and thus, the extent of the finding. The main problems of this assessment are the quantification of the qualitative risk factors and the aggregation of all risk factors. For the quantification of qualitative risk factors the methods three dimensional analysis and the Delphi-Method are most appropriate. These two methods can be used for the evaluation of a quantitative risk factor as well. Furthermore, the methods sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and statistical methods can assist the assessment of qualitative risk factors, but these methods alone are not appropriate for the assessment of qualitative risk factors. When aggregating the assessments of the risk factors a combination of successive comparison and Scoring Model are suitable. The classification of findings for the annual audit report can be conducted by use of the ABC-Analysis. Prior to this, the scored findings have to be weighted according to the importance of the audit object for the company. All findings in class A represent serious shortcomings and particular grave defiCiencies, class B represents shortcomings, and class C negligible shortcomings. The classification process can be assisted by the use of the risk map and the risk portfolio, but the sole use of these methods would not lead to a proper classification.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoof doelwit van hierdie studieprojek is klousule 14 van die Sirkuler 1/2000 "Minimum vereistes vir die Interne Oudit funksie van banke" van die Duitse Federale Finansiele Toesighoudende gesag. Dit vereis dat banke 'n risikobestuur sisteem, 'n risiko baseerde oudit plan en risiko baseerde oudit prosedures daar stel. Hierdie verseistes het die transformasie van die interne oudit funksies inisieer, vanaf die tradisionele benadering wat op die verlede en die huidige gefokus het, tot 'n risiko gebaseerde benadering wat op die toekoms gerig is. Gedurende die oudit beplanning word die oudit onderwerpe gekies vanwee hul inherente risikos eerder as vanwee die indikasies van verlede-gebaseerde informasie of estimasies. Om die inherente risikos te bepaal, is dit nodig om die oudit onderwerp se risiko faktore te bepaal en te bereken. Die doeI van die studie is die daarstelling van 'n model vir die gestandardiseerde kategorisering van bevindinge na aanleiding van die "Minimum vereistes vir die Interne Oudit funksie van banke" in ten minste drie kategorie: leemtes, ernstige tekortkominge en spesifieke growwe tekorte. Die Minimum Vereistes beperk nie die metode van kategorisering nie. Die opname "Catagorising of Findings" toon dat al die banke wel hul bevindings kategorieseer maar dat slegs 'n paar banke 'n objektiewe metode hierin toe pas. Om verstaanbare, deursigtige en objektiewe klassifikasie van bevindinge te verseker is dit nodig dat die proses van klassifikasie gestandardiseer word. Vir 'n gestandardiseerde klassifikasie proses moet die resultate van bevindinge vergelykbaar en kwantitatief wees. Hiervoor moet tegnieke en metodes toegepas word wat die resultate van bevindinge kwantifiseer en so vergelykbaar maak. Om die regte metode te vind vir die analisering van die resultate van 'n bevinding, moet daar na die komponente van die bevinding gekyk word. 'n Bevinding bestaan uit risiko wat uitgedruk word as die gebeurlikheidswaarskynlikheid en omvang van skade. Die gebeurlikheidswaarskynlikheid en omvang van skade word beskryf deur 'n verskeidenheid van risiko faktore wat beide kwalitatief en kwantitatief van aard is. Hierdie risiko faktore moet objektief evalueer en saamgevat word om die risiko en so die omvang van die bevinding te bepaal. Die grootste probleem met die analise is die kwantifisering van die kwalitatiewe risiko faktore en die samevatting van al die risiko faktore . Vir die kwatifisering van die kwalitatiewe risiko faktore, is die Drie Dimensionele Analise en die Delphi metodes die mees toepaslikes. Hulle kan ook gebruik word vir die evaluasie van 'n kwantitatiewe risiko faktor. Verder kan die metodes van sensitiwiteitsontleding, Monte Carlo simulasie en ander statistiese metodes ook help met die berekening van kwantitatiewe risiko faktore. Hulle is egter nie toepaslik vir die berekening van kwalitatiewe risiko faktore nie. Met die aggregasie van die analiese van risiko faktore, is die kombinasie van Opeenvolgende Vergelyking en Punte Toekenning modelle ook toepaslik. Die klassifisering van bevindinge vir die jaarlikse oudit verslag kan gedoen word deur die gebruik van ABC-analise. Voorheen moes daar aan die bevindinge gewigte toegeken word in ooreenstemming met die belangrikheid van die oudit onderwerp vir die maatskappy. Alle resultate in klas A verteenwoordig ernstige tekortkominge en besonder gewigtig gebrekkig , klas B verteenwoordig tekortkominge en klas C geringe tekortkominge. Die klasifikasie proses kan bygestaan word deur die gebruik van 'n risiko kaart en risiko portefeulje. Die alleen gebruik van die metodes sal egter nie 'n ordentlike klassifikasie verseker nie.
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Oehri, Adrian. "Das neue Revisionsaufsichtsgesetz Erfüllung der Zulassungsvoraussetzungen durch bisherige Treuhänder /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05604061001/$FILE/05604061001.pdf.
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Houy, Alexander. "The Predictive Power of CEO Equity Incentive Compensation on the Enforcement of an SEC Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2126.
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This study examines the predictive power of restricted stock and stock option compensation on the enforcement of an Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release. Since executives have seen substantial increases in the amount of equity incentive awards, this may incentivize management to commit financial reporting misconduct to boost the value of these awards. The magnitude of the incentive to commit financial reporting misconduct is hypothesized to be more pronounced with stock option compensation when compared with restricted stock compensation. The analysis for the 1992-2012 time period shows that the amount of stock option compensation has a positive relationship with the probability of an AAER enforcement while no such relationship exists for restricted stock. When examining this predictive probability relationship during 1992-2002 and 2003-2012, the evidence is mixed. While the amount of stock option compensation displays a positive relationship with the predicted probability of an AAER enforcement, restricted stock has a positive relationship in 1992-2002 and a negative relationship in 2003-2012.
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Tanner, Margaret Morgan. "An Analysis of Factors Associated with Voluntary Disclosure of Management's Responsibilities for Internal Control." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278899/.
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The purpose of this study was to identify company characteristics associated with the presence of disclosures regarding internal control in the annual report. Gibbins, Richardson and Waterhouse [1990] have developed a framework from which to examine financial disclosure,. These authors define two dimensions of a company's disclosure position; opportunism and ritualism. I examined the association between variables representing the dimensions identified by these authors and a company's decision regarding disclosure of a management report on internal control. I compared specific characteristics of companies disclosing this information to those of companies not disclosing. The dependent variable represented the presence or absence of disclosure. I used logit analysis to test the significance of the chosen characteristics relative to the decision to include or exclude a management report on internal control in the annual report. My results were consistent with the existence of ritualism with respect to this issue. Reporting on internal controls was associated with membership in the Financial Executives Institute, auditor choice, certain industry designations and prior inclusion of such a report. FEI membership was closely related to initial reporting decisions as well'. I found evidence of opportunism as well. The likelihood of reporting on internal controls was related to company size (and presumably control strength), and growth rates. I also found an association between reporting and the issuance of publicly traded securities in the succeeding year and more moderate levels of debt relative to an industry average. In addition, I found that initial reporting decisions were associated with external events relating to potential legislation of the reporting issue. This research provides insight into the corporate response to reporting on internal controls.
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Ahmad, Nadzri Farah Aida. "Roles and impacts of Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) in dealing with the accounting and disclosure of Zakah and Interest (Riba) : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/754.
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The issues of zakah and interest for IFIs have been highlighted for several years and attracted many arguments among Islamic scholars and public. The increasing public interest on the Islamic Banking since 1970s has been driven by the increasing sensitivity among Muslims to the relationship between religion and economic activities. With the emergence of IFIs, Muslims community has demanded for an establishment of an accounting body to develop a set of accounting standards that adhere to the Islamic tenets, hence AAOIFI was established. However, the journey of AAOFI in achieving such objective has not been smooth. This paper intended to study the effectiveness of AAOIFI in dealing with the issues of zakah and riba for IFIs by examining the disclosure practice of 25 IFIs worldwide. Based on the analysis conducted, it is concluded that the extents of disclosure by the IFIs are much lower than the AAOIFI requirements. The study also found that leverage and origin factors might contribute to the level disclosures of zakah and financial products. In addition, the test performed also revealed that the adopters of AAOIFI do provide more disclosure as compared to the non-adopters. However, the mean result is relatively low to suggest full compliance with the AAOIFI standards.
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Šiovič, Michal. "Finančný audit - vybrané metódy a postupy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11364.
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This diploma work deals with Continuous audit of financial statements. The goal of this work is to describe chosen methods and procedures of this kind of audit. The first part of the text belongs to the description of laws and rules accordind to financial accounting and financial audit. Procedures and methods used in financial audit are described in the second part of the text. I was able to gain such a knowledge of these procedures and methods while working as an assistant of financial auditor in Cyech Republic. This work should be useful for anyone who is thinking about becoming a financial auditor, or an assistant.
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Kmoch, Štěpán. "Uživatelská rizika auditovaných účetních závěrek." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72750.
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The financial statements represent a comprehensive and standardized document including financial information about the company. The companies need to publish this document in the Collection of Deeds, and since the documents are submitted to the Collection of Deeds in electronic form and are subsequently freely available, any financial statements are generally available to a wide range of potential users. Users of the financial statements can be divided based on their relation to the financial statements and based on level of their knowledge of accounting. The confidence of users in information disclosed in the financial statements is higher, in case the financial statements were subject to audit. The user of the financial statements does not have a possibility of detailed verification of the information presented in it (he cannot inquire the management of the company, inspect the original accounting documents, etc.). In this case, the audit represents ensuring correctness of the information presented in the financial statements and also assurance that the financial statements were subject to the independent verification. These facts enhance the degree of confidence of intended users in the financial statements and this is also the purpose of an audit as defined by the International Standards on Auditing. In accordance with the International Standards on Auditing the auditor expects that the user of the financial statements has reasonable knowledge of accounting and is willing to study the financial statements with reasonable effort. Auditor performs his testing based on certain materiality level that does not have to agree to the materiality level of the user. The risk represents in this case the situation, when the materiality level of the user is lower than the materiality level determined by the auditor. The user of the financial statements has limited possibilities to verify the information in it, however, he is able to verify the link among information presented in different parts of the financial statements and confront the financial statements with other relevant information available. My dissertation consists from theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, there are possible verifications described that can be performed by the user of the financial statements and in the practical part, there are the mentioned procedures applied to financial statements of four domestic companies. The subject of my research was financial statements for the years 2006 to 2009. The aim was not only the identification of the risks in the financial statements from the users' point of view, but also monitoring of the development of financial statements in time. The subject of the dissertation was also the verification of the formal correctness of audit reports issued to the selected financial statements (I am registered as Czech statutory auditor by the Chamber of Auditors of the Czech Republic and therefore I am able to perform this verification). The subject of the dissertation was not the verification of the factual correctness of the audit report, this verification is in principle not possible without possibility to look into the audit file. During analysis of selected financial statements I have identified several areas that represent risk of misstatement in the financial statements from the users' point of view. It related mainly to going concern issues, issues relating to completeness of reserves and provisions and risk of possible overvaluation of finance investments and related receivables to subsidiaries. The user of the financial statements should for his better understanding therefore look for other information relating to the company from freely available resources and perform comparison with financial statements of other companies in the same industry. The risks mentioned above were not sufficiently commented in the notes to the financial statements and that subsequently gives a rise to questions on financial statements users' side and lowers his confidence in information presented in the financial statements. I think that there is a change in the audit approach necessary, it should not be enough just that the financial statements are free from material misstatement; the financial statements should not give a rise to additional questions from their users.
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Wühst, Eva Maria [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Ernstberger, and Thomas [Gutachter] Loy. "Essays on Auditing and Financial Reporting Regulation / Eva Maria Wühst ; Gutachter: Thomas Loy, Jürgen Ernstberger ; Betreuer: Jürgen Ernstberger." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115856359/34.
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Wühst, Eva Maria [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Ernstberger, and Thomas [Gutachter] Loy. "Essays on Auditing and Financial Reporting Regulation / Eva Maria Wühst ; Gutachter: Thomas Loy, Jürgen Ernstberger ; Betreuer: Jürgen Ernstberger." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20160914-1304185-1-7.
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Hedman, Sara, Alexander Törnby, and Lisa Påhlman. "The Production of Comfort : - How Financial Auditors Experience that they Become Comfortable with I T -auditors." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255986.
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Auditors need to feel comfortable when signing the audit in order to produce comfort to society. Today, most companies use complex IT-systems that require that an IT-audit is performed. Rarely auditors possess the sufficient knowledge to perform the IT-audit and therefore an external part of the audit team is involved, namely IT-auditors. It can therefore be problematic for the auditors to ensure the quality of this part of the audit. In this thesis we aim to widen the understanding of how IT-auditors affect how auditors experience that they become comfortable. To investigate the addressed problem the following research question is asked: How do financial auditors experience that they become comfortable with IT-auditors? Ten auditors were interviewed on how they experience the different senses of the Comfort theory to become comfortable. With these senses as background, the study’s aim is to gain a perception of how auditors in Sweden perceive that they become comfortable with IT-auditors, which makes the auditor comfortable to sign the audit. The conclusions are that certain characteristics, such as technical and social skills together with good communication and understanding of the IT- auditors work is perceived as important factors for auditors to become comfortable
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ETCHI, PRISCA ENOW, and SYLVIA FREEMAN TARKPAH. "HOW HAS TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCED FINANCIAL REPORTING PROCESS IN ACCOUNTING FIRMS? : An analysis of two international audit firms in Liberia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161341.
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Technology helps firms maintain data flow, track processes and maintain employee records. Technology makes it possible for firms to operate efficiently and effectively with minimal manpower and helps to reduce operating costs. Because of its ability to minimize errors and reduce human interventions, technology delivers instant financial reports with accuracy and reliability. Even though findings from the study revealed that the use of technology has a positive influence in financial reporting, system breakdown leads to data loss which has the propensity to hinder stakeholders from receiving timely financial reports. Moreover, findings reveal that audit firms are exposed to information security risk such as virus attacks and hacking of the system.The old way of financial reporting had changed completely in some parts of the world while in other parts it is gradually changing. But how technology is affecting financial reporting processes all over the world and in Liberia specifically. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and analyze the transformation technology has caused to the financial reporting processes. The research question that guided the study was: How has technology influenced financial reporting processes of two international auditing firms in Liberia?In this study, qualitative method and interpretive research approached were used which enable us to gain deeper insights to the research purpose and address our research questions. The primary data was generated from purposive sampling of six semi-structured interviews from preparers of financial reports ranging from managers to senior associate. These participants were used due to their experiences working with technology which enable us to gain an understanding of how technology has transformed financial reporting processes. Financial reporting and technology are widely researched, but in the context of Liberia there is scare literature of how technology has influenced financial reporting in audit firms. Therefore, this study focuses on the preparers of the financial reports of the two international audit firms in Liberia.The aim of this thesis is to investigate and analyze the transformation technology has caused to the financial reporting processes and to investigate how preparers are trained to keep up with the pace of technology. As such, our theoretical framework used was based on the various technology used globally, efficiency and effectiveness, competence and skills, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), ABC model, financial reporting characteristics and financial reporting qualities.The findings further suggest that technology affects the security of confidential information and quality of the financial information. First and foremost, technology affects a firm’s ability to communicate with stakeholders. In modern business environment, it is necessary for management to communicate to stakeholders quickly and clearly without hindrance.The contributions of this study cannot be overemphasized. The study contributed knowledge on the use of technology in financial reporting. The study serves as a guide to local audit firms, universities and government to include or improve the financial reporting process of institutions
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Mueller, Lukas. "Akzeptanz der eingeschränkten Revision / Opting-out bei Banken." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02604064001/$FILE/02604064001.pdf.
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Togni, Lorenzo. "Neuordnung der Unabhängigkeit der Revisoren - Perspektiven für die Prüferbranche." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/98909872001/$FILE/98909872001.pdf.
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Kujinga, Benjamin Tanyaradzwa. "The auditor's duty of reasonable care and skill and the expectation to detect fraud." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/104.
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Auditors perform a very important task within the context of the affairs of a company because financial reporting can only serve its purpose if stakeholders can rely on its accuracy and reliability. An auditor’s duty is to opine whether an entity’s financial reporting has been done according to the requirements of the law. The responsibility of reporting according to the law lies with an entity’s directors. Auditors cannot issue an absolute assurance as to the lawfulness and reliability of an entity’s financial reporting. However when it is subsequently discovered that the financial reporting was incorrect and that fraud has occurred auditors are often blamed and sued for enormous amounts of money for failing to detect material anomalies in the financial reports. These actions are based on the fact that auditors have a duty to exercise reasonable care and skill in the performance of their duties and through their failure to act as such, have caused financial harm to the clients or third parties. The fact that auditors are only required by law to exercise reasonable care and skill and perform an audit according to the standards of the reasonable auditor and not the most meticulous one, is often not regarded or is sometimes deliberately ignored. This clearly represents a problem in our law, namely that the presence of fraud in financial reports does not in itself suggest negligence on the part of the auditor but is apparently often perceived to do so. This research shows that the auditor’s duty of reasonable care and skill does not necessarily entail the duty to detect fraud. The elements of the duty of reasonable care and skill are identified from case law, legislation and international auditing standards. In order to limit the liability of auditors in general it is important to focus also on the elements of fault (negligence), wrongfulness and causation. This research shows that negligence cannot be established merely by the presence of fraud or material misstatements in financial statements. The responsibility for fair financial reporting lies with the directors. This research gives prominence to this fact which often seems to be ignored for convenience and in order to place the blame on the auditors. This research implicitly asks the question, why are auditors being held responsible for material misstatements in a company’s financial statements and not the directors? Guidelines for determining the extent of an auditor’s liability in this regard are formulated in this research.
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Deliwe, Mawonga Christopher C. "The role of the office of the auditor general of South Africa in enhancing sound public financial management, with special references to the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2017.
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The 1996 Constitution of South Africa and the Public Audit Act of 2004 provide the legislative framework for the Office of the Auditor General of South Africa (OAGSA). The Independent Regulatory Board for Auditors further enriched the interpretation of the framework – for government auditing. Over the years of democratic rule in South Africa, audit performance by State organs was generally poor. Despite the efforts by the OAGSA to improve the performance, very little improvement was notable. Most disturbing was the observation that there was widespread, a prevalence of recurring findings, which indicated that the OAGSA’s recommendations and guidelines were not acted upon, or largely ignored. Firstly, the research study established that the system of capitalist democracy, which comes in different varieties throughout world democracies, indeed brought about a situation where the electorate was effectively removed from its rightful place of being the principal, and had its place taken up by political parties (which are in fact, agents) - which (parties) governed on its (the electorate’s) behalf. This system, taken together with the Principal Agency and the Rational Choice Theories – fully explained the prevalence of maladministration and malfeasance in government in South Africa. Secondly, the study established that the OAGSA has done everything imaginable in its attempts to improve audit performance in government institutions – using the carrot rather than the stick approach. The legislative framework cited above, revealed that the OAGSA has the power to audit and report, while Parliament has the power to enforce corrective action. The lesson of this revelation is: that there is not much that the OAGSA can achieve without a high level of cooperation between itself and Parliament – if audit performance is to be effectively, and appreciably improved in South Africa. A disappointing discovery however was indirectly delivered to the world, through the results of a research study conducted by one Wehner in 2002, on Public Accounts Committees (PACs) (alias Standing Committees on Public Accounts (SCOPAs)) in world democracies. The Wehner study clearly demonstrated that there was nothing contained in these committees’ founding documents or enabling legislation – which in no uncertain terms, directed the committees on what procedures and processes to follow to ensure that their resolutions were acted upon. In other words there was no enforcement mechanism discernible for their resolutions. Thirdly, there were developments in case law in South Africa, which augured well for Constitutional Institutions in general. They are contained in court judgements relating to the mandate of the Office of the Public Protector (OPP). The question at the core of these developments was: whether the decisions or remedial action emanating from the OPP, were binding and enforceable. Two judgements cited as cases in point, one a High Court judgment and another a Supreme Court of Appeal’s (SCA’s), feature in the research report. The SCA, in summary found that decisions of administrative bodies of State – stand in fact and in law, until such time that a court of law invalidates them. The SCA ruled through citing a High Court judgement passed way back in 2004 - that Constitutional Institutions, although not organs of State per se – were certainly included in this 2004 finding, if one considers the rationale of this initial finding, taken together with the purpose for which Constitutional Institutions were established in South Africa in the first place. In conclusion, although visible root causes of poor audit findings appear overall to be poor consequence management and questionable leadership quality in government, the system of capitalist democracy is ultimately to blame. The system certainly had unintended consequences.
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Mashalaba, Bongiwe. "An assessment of the relationship between clean audits and service delivery : a study of Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province, for the 2013/2014 financial year." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4638.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concept of clean audit reports in relation to service delivery. The study was conducted in the Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province and centred on the audit outcome of the municipality for the 2013/2014 financial year. A qualitative research design was adopted in order to conduct the study and the data was collected through the conducting of semi-structured interviews. The research sample comprised officers who were employed by the Amathole District Municipality and one manager from the office of the Auditor-General. The key findings of the study revealed that, at present, the concept of a clean audit outcome is used by municipal officers to imply that the performance of an organisation is to be assessed mainly on the basis of evidence which is provided by financial indicators, to the exclusion of non-financial benchmarks. This assumption tends to encourage municipal officers to strive towards impressing auditors, rather than serving their communities through the providing of adequate service delivery. In addition, the auditing of municipalities does not assess their performance in relation to service delivery and the ways in which communities at the local level are affected by it. At present it appears to be beyond the remit of auditors to investigate the validity of the protests which erupt in communities in response to poor service delivery or whether the members of communities and other affected stakeholders are satisfied or dissatisfied with the manner in which services are rendered by their municipalities. Consequently, those who are tasked with the making of decisions in municipalities act upon the recommendations which are made in their audit outcomes and formulate plans in relation to service delivery or projects which do not necessarily accord with the needs of the communities which they are intended to serve. Consequently, on the basis of the findings of this study, it is proposed that assessments of the performance of organisations should incorporate non-financial indicators into the auditing process. Adopting this approach would minimise incidences of municipalities receiving clean audit outcomes while the members of the communities which they serve take to the streets to express their anger and frustration as a result of poor service delivery.
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Eldaly, Mohamed Khaled. "Effects of the new regulations of the audit profession on the audit firms' strategies." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294283.
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The audit firms play an important role in the capital markets by verifying that auditors provide reliable information to the decision makers. However, trust in auditing firms has been questioned following Enron‘s failure and accounting scandals at WorldCom and other companies. As a result, Arthur Anderson failed and the number of big audit firms fell to four firms and no one knows who might be next. Defond and Francis (2005) believe that a critical trigger occurred when Deloitte & Touch issued a “clean” peer review report on Arthur Andersen in December 2001, just a few weeks before Andersen publicly announced that it had shredded documents related to Enron audit. The credibility and integrity of the profession‘s self-regulation program was immediately in doubt. To protect public interests and to restore confidence in the capital markets, the USA government issued the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002. Similarly, the Financial Reporting Council in the UK provided the Professional Oversight Board with similar mission. This thesis aims to explore the role of independent audit regulators in promoting confidence in the audit profession, and analyse the big four firms’ strategies that react toward these regulatory changes in the audit markets. The lack of studies in this area supports the use of grounded theory as a research methodology. 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the top management level of the audit regulators and big four firms’ partners. This study contributes to the literature as it provides a better understanding of the satisfaction of the big four audit firms toward the new independent regulators, and how these firms react toward the additional requirements of the independent inspectors.
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Abdel-Qader, Waleed. "An evaluation of the International Auditing Standards and their application to the audit of listed corporations in Jordan /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030718.114033/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001."This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Accounting, University of Western Sydney" Includes bibliographical references.
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Filusch, Tobias [Verfasser], and Sascha H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mölls. "Essays on Measuring (Credit-)Risk in Banks, Financial Accounting and Auditing - Theory and Practice / Tobias Filusch ; Betreuer: Sascha H. Mölls." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223130185/34.
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Elahi, Tajammal. "The Project to Improve Financial Reporting and Auditing (PIFRA) : issues in the implementation of ERP in public sector of Pakistan." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16002/.
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This is a case study on PIFRA (Project to Improve Financial Reporting and Auditing) in the public sector of Pakistan. It investigates the process of implementation of New Accounting Model (NAM) and SAP as a reform imitative to overhaul the century old archaic financial management system. This study has three dimensions: implementation of SAP as an integrated system for budgeting and accounting offices at all levels of Government; introduction of modified cash basis of accounting; and the World Bank as a meaningful force for change. New institutional sociology (NIS) and institutional logic have been employed to analyse the process of change at macro as well as micro level. The concepts of isomorphisms in general and cognitive-cultural in particular, legitimacy, decoupling, and agency have been used to understand and assess the extent of institutionalization. The analysis has been divided into three areas: SAP implementation, organizational change, and training. In SAP implementation, separation of audit and accounts, duality of control and role of the World Bank have been analysed to comprehend the issues and their implications for institutionalization. In organizational change, change management as a component of the project, role of the PricewaterhouseCoopers as an architect of NAM and as a supervisory consultant, technical staffing, core team and resistance have been evaluated through NIS. In training, multiple perspectives of training and its distinct relation with institutionalization have been investigated. It is a qualitative study with interpretive approach. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews, project documents and reports generated by the World Bank and the project management team. The thesis seeks to contribute in terms of its three dimensions and the use of NIS and institutional logic to have a broader picture of the change. Moreover, the identification of training as a driving factor in institutionalization and the role of accountants in post-SAP implementation scenarios also make a contribution to the accounting literature. Contributions towards policy and practice have been made in terms of advice for the World Bank, Government and practitioners when undertaking such projects in future.
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Filusch, Tobias Verfasser], and Sascha H. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mölls. "Essays on Measuring (Credit-)Risk in Banks, Financial Accounting and Auditing - Theory and Practice / Tobias Filusch ; Betreuer: Sascha H. Mölls." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2020-01179.
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Kuhn, John. "A THEORY OF COMPLEX ADAPTIVE INQUIRING ORGANIZATIONS: APPLICATION TO CONTINUOUS ASSURANCE OF CORPORATE FINANCIAL INFORMATION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2432.
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Drawing upon the theories of complexity and complex adaptive systems and the Singerian Inquiring System from C. West Churchman’s seminal work The Design of Inquiring Systems the dissertation herein develops a systems design theory for continuous auditing systems. The dissertation consists of discussion of the two foundational theories, development of the Theory of Complex Adaptive Inquiring Organizations (CAIO) and associated design principles for a continuous auditing system supporting a CAIO, and instantiation of the CAIO theory. The instantiation consists of an agent-based model depicting the marketplace for Frontier Airlines that generates an anticipated market share used as an integral component in a mock auditor going concern opinion for the airline. As a whole, the dissertation addresses the lack of an underlying system design theory and comprehensive view needed to build upon and advance the continuous assurance movement and addresses the question of how continuous auditing systems should be designed to produce knowledge--knowledge that benefits auditors, clients, and society as a whole.Ph.D.
Department of Management Information Systems
Business Administration
Business Administration PhD
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Ricard-Bourget, Catherine. "The information accuracy of SRI markets : A comparative study between SRI-screening firms and Auditing firms." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-45729.
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The sustainability of Social Responsible Investments (SRI) markets is highly dependent on the accuracy of social and environmental information. Surprisingly, and in contrast to financial information, there exists no methodological standard for gathering social and environmental information in SRI markets. This work is a first contribution to the understanding of how SRI-analysts verify the accuracy of social and environmental information. A second aim of this thesis is to evaluate if SRI-analysts can produce an accurate output with their respective methodologies. To do so, a case study was performed comparing the assessment of social and environmental information at SRI-screening firms to the more regulated financial auditing process, using legal a categorization of evidence strengths as a model. The findings of this study suggest that practices are not standardized amongst SRI-analysts. Therefore, investors are unlikely to receive an equal degree of information accuracy from one analyst to the next. Moreover, when comparing SRI-screening and financial auditing using the legal categorization of evidence, it was found that screening firms tend to produce outputs that are less carefully verified than seen in their financial counterparts. Nevertheless, the findings also reveal that SRI-analysts generally acknowledge the importance of assessing sources of evidence when controlling information accuracy. In conclusion, a standardized methodology should be welcomed by SRI-analysts, and the legal categorization of evidence strengths could be a good starting point to manage information accuracy in their screening process.
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Sigcau, Ntsikelelo. "Investigating variables that have impact on annual financial statement audit report outcomes in local government." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021004.
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The third sphere of government (Local Government) has been persistently clouded by unfavourable Annual Financial Statement (AFS) audit reports. This results in local government losing credibility and its stakeholders losing confidence in the institutions or municipalities. In-depth analysis of the root cause of this dilemma is an opportunity for the municipality to reorganise its house and redeem its dignity and credibility to its stakeholders through addressing the identified challenges. The importance of the study can be attributed to the need to investigate the root causes of unfavourable audit opinion and recommend possible remedies that can assist municipalities to improve their audit report outcomes which in turn will improve the confidence of its stakeholders. The primary objective of the study was to investigate variables that impact on the audit report outcomes on annual financial statements of the municipalities that are within Alfred Nzo District (AND) Jurisdiction, including Alfred Nzo District Municipality (ANDM). This was achieved through investigating the root causes of the audit report outcomes with specific focus on the relationship that exists between the management role and audit outcomes of the Alfred Nzo District Municipalities. This was measured by the municipality’s leadership, governance, internal controls and human capital management. Convenient sampling was used wherein 150 questionnaires (30 per municipality) were sent out to the selected employees in all the municipalities in the Alfred Nzo District. Out of the questionnaires that were sent out, 103 responses were received. These were analysed to draw findings, conclusion and recommendations. The empirical results of the study revealed that there is strong evidence that leadership, governance and human capital management have a positive influence on the municipality’s AFS audit report outcomes. It also revealed that there is overwhelming evidence that internal controls have a positive influence on the municipality’s AFS audit report outcomes. The study recommends how leadership, governance, internal controls and human capital management must be improved. It also provides future research recommendations to improve this study.
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Lai, Catherine. "Global financial regulation and the significance of international accounting and auditing standards : an empirical analysis of the World Bank's ROSC initiative." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/global-financial-regulation-and-the-significance-of-international-accounting-and-auditing-standards--an-empirical-analysis-of-the-world-banks-rosc-initiative(8ae61c71-08e2-48da-97dc-009f61c015ee).html.
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International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) have gained significant momentum following the market failures and negative global externalities that occurred during the two major financial crises of the last decade. In tackling the macroeconomic instabilities generated by the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 and the effects of the credit crunch of the global credit crisis of 2007-09, the international financial community has actively promoted the development and reliance on a set of twelve international standards to strengthen international financial regulation for complementing market fundamentalism. Out of the twelve international standards, IFRS and ISA have emerged as significant regulatory tools in the search for 'transparency' as global solutions to financial crises and facilitating, through the supporting structures of a New International Financial Architecture (NIFA), the maintenance of international financial stability. Along with the global momentum of committing to IFRS and ISA, the existing literature has emphasized the notions of 'implementation and enforcement' as being crucial for the ultimate success of proper 'compliance' with such international standards. Nonetheless, there remain considerable knowledge gaps in terms of the processes that have facilitated the rise of IFRS and ISA, and their global promotion in the NIFA; and the skills and knowledge required for effective implementation of IFRS and ISA. Such knowledge gaps have motivated this research study of the Accounting and Auditing (A&A) module of the World Bank's Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) program, an initiative that has sought to advocate and facilitate the global adoption and implementation of IFRS and ISA. Through applying the economic concept of market failure, this research project seeks to enhance knowledge of the ways in which the ROSC program has emerged as a significant component of the NIFA. The combined theoretical and empirical analysis illuminates the 'quasi-governmental body' role of the World Bank's ROSC A&A module in promoting IFRS and ISA as global public goods and, through its work with professional accountancy bodies (operating in a private capacity), in providing the national public good of 'knowledge' for vital processes of capacity-building in low-capacity jurisdictions. In developing understanding of the advocacy, implementation and enforcement of IFRS and ISA in international financial regulatory circles, the thesis provides evidence contrary to the rather general criticisms of the overall ROSC program as being wholly driven by the 'homogenization or globalization of international standards' and challenges the claimed dominance, in the existing literature of a 'one-size-fits-all' regulatory model.
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Binger, Marc. "Der Ansatz von Rückstellungen nach HGB und IFRS im Vergleich : Regelungsschärfe, Zweckadäquanz sowie Eignung für die Steuerbilanz /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993686206/04.
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HE, Shaohua. "Auditor choice, audit fees and internal governance in family firms." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2010. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/fin_etd/3.
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I study the role of auditing in mitigating agency concerns in family firms. Family firms face less severe agency problems due to the separation of ownership and control (Type 1) but more severe agency problems between controlling and noncontrolling shareholders (Type 2). As family firms make up a large part of most free enterprise economies it is important to examine these two agency problems with respect to auditor choice and audit effort. I find that family firms are more likely to choose a specialist auditor than nonfamily firms, consistent with the argument that family firms need to signal their non-expropriating behaviors by choosing specialist auditors. I further find that audit fees are lower in family firms compared to nonfamily firms, consistent with the hypothesis that the Type 1 agency conflict dominates the Type 2 agency conflict in the determination of audit effort and pricing. Moreover, consistent with prior literature that states that effective internal governance demands a quality auditor and more audit effort irrespective of ownership structure, I find that the positive association between family ownership and specialist auditor choice is stronger when internal governance is strong and the negative relation between audit fees and family ownership is weaker when the internal governance is strong. I find that these results on audit fees are robust to the use of alternative measures of concentrated influence such as CEO ownership, inside director ownership, and the presence of one or more founder directors. I also find that the effect of internal governance on audit fees is not limited to one or a few components of internal governance.
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Claro, Bruno José Duarte Vicente. "O caminho da revisão legal de contas num contexto de crise financeira." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/10858.
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Atualmente vive-se num clima de austeridade, tanto ao nível pessoal e familiar, como ao nível das empresas e entidades. No que respeita a estas últimas, este contexto de crise financeira veio trazer novos modelos, objetivos e formas de atuar.
Envolvido neste novo paradigma, o revisor oficial de contas na sua função de utilidade pública, assume papel de destaque. Dotados de informação privilegiada pelo conhecimento profundo das entidades e dos mercados onde operam, os revisores oficiais de contas emprestam à informação financeira uma credibilidade acrescida. Não obstante, também, os revisores oficiais de contas e as sociedades de revisores oficiais de contas necessitam de constante supervisão, de modo a mitigar o risco de falhas, que possam comprometer a credibilidade, que asseguram à informação financeira.
0 presente relatório de estágio, subordinado ao título "0 Caminho da Revisão Legal de Contas num Contexto de Crise Financeira", propõe descrever e desenvolver o trabalho de auditoria realizado na sociedade Rosa Lopes, Gonçalves Mendes & Associados, SROC, Lda. Para tal, serão expostas, através de um caso prático real, as atividades do auditor na revisão das contas de 2012, numa entidade do setor da indústria alimentar; ### Abstract:
We are currently living in a state of austerity, whether at personal
and family, or at a companies and entities level. Regarding the
latter, this Context of financial Crisis has brought new models, goals
and ways of acting.
Involved in this new paradigm, the auditor in his function of public
utility takes a prominent position. Endowed with privileged
information, which comes from deep knowledge of organizations and
markets in which they operate, the auditors lend an extra
credibility to financial information plus. Nevertheless, the
statutory auditors and audit firms auditors, also need constant
supervision in order to mitigate the risk of failure that may
compromise the credibility they ensure that financial information.
The present internship report, under the title "The Path of the
Statutory Audit in a Context of Financial Crisis", aims to describe
and develop the audit work carried out in the society Rosa Lopes
Gonçalves Mendes & Associate, SROC, Lda. For that purpose, and through
a real case study, we will expose the activities of the auditor in
the audit of 2012 in an entity of the food industry sector will be
exposed.
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Aborbie, Solomon. "Narrowing the Gap of Financial Fraud Detection in Corporations." Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3688003.
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Business leaders remain exposed to financial and accounting fraud as well as loss of profitability, despite the dictates of the SOX Act of 2002. The most challenging aspect of corporate management is the unexpected nature of an emerging, existing, or an inherent financial risk. Guided by the evolution of fraud theory, this exploratory case study's purpose was to identify and explore the financial management strategies that corporate financial managers need to adequately protect investors. Twenty participants from a population group of corporate auditors of Fortune 1000 corporations within 70 miles of Columbus, Ohio provided input for this study. Data from the interviews were analyzed through coding, reviewing, categorizing, and combining common statements. The research findings included themes of knowledge and types of risks; the impact of financial fraud and risks on investment; the impact of accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards; as well as financial management training to minimize audit expectations. These themes formed the focus of exploring the financial management strategies that corporate financial managers need to adequately protect investors and investments. In addition to the antifraud measures, financial managers may detect and control inherent risks in emerging opportunities for positive social change that includes enhanced knowledge in diversification of investments, an increase in economic resources, economic growth, and greater employment in the United States.
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Šimůnková, Andrea. "Ověření účetní závěrky auditorem ve vybraném podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75953.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse auditing methods, which are specified in International Standards on Auditing - ISAs, and consequently apply some of these theoretical outputs to the financial statement of a real company.
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Giunti, Giulia, and Kristina Zaytseva. "From theory to practice... : A study about the relevance of the learning context for auditors and their practical adjustments to the IAS/IFRS standards." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1185.
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Summary
In a world where distances have become shorter and shorter, boundaries are to some extent disappearing and are creating space for integration and globalisation. One significant example of the integration process is the foundation of the European Union.
The need to improve the economical development within the European Union has lead to the elaboration of a complex assemble of international standards to regulate the way companies should present their economical situation. The IAS /IFRS standards must be applied in all quoted companies from January 2005; and at the same time the four biggest auditing agencies in the world are characterized by their biggest employment session since many years. When it comes to the implementation of the new standards, companies and auditors have experienced many difficulties in learning how to deal with purchased goodwill and financial instruments.
What practical adjustments the introduction of the new European standards has brought in the work of auditors and how does their adaptation process look like from an educational perspective?
The purpose of our study is to understand what practical adjustments auditors have made in order to adapt to the new standards when it comes to the verification of financial statements, in particular for goodwill and financial instruments. We will try to achieve this understanding trough the analysis of the learning context behind the transition process in four different auditing agencies. Together with this, we want to analyse in what extend the complexity of the new rules influenced the phenomenon of high recruitment. In order to answer our purpose we have chosen to carry out seven qualitative interviews with public certified auditors.
We believe that knowledge about reality can be achieved through the interpretation and deep analysis of different information and for this reason we argue for a hermeneutical scientific ideal.
Our theoretical frame is important to both understand the theoretical differences between the old and the new standards, but also to have an overview of the profession of auditors. We also present theories behind organisational learning; and we create a background to understand the different factors behind the higher demand.
Our empirical information is presented in different categories that we identified partially through the study of the theoretical frame, and partially through the discussion with our respondents in semi structured interviews.
Our analysis is both linked to the theoretical frame, but it also tries to look at different aspects directly from the empirical material collected.
The result of our research shows that the organisational learning in auditing agencies is very effective, partially because this profession is used to continuous changes. Auditors have experienced several practical modifications in their way of verifying financial statements, which depends both on the standards, but also on the relationship with the clients. Finally we discovered that the influence of the complexity of the standard on the higher recruitment is not significant if seen as a single factor.
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Sanches, Marcos Venicio. "Sistemas de controles internos e de fiscalização em demonstrações contábeis: uma análise crítica de normas específicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-11052007-142138/.
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Importantes mudanças foram implementadas por órgãos normatizadores do mercado de capitais, no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, relativas às atividades de controle e fiscalização na elaboração e divulgação de demonstrações contábeis. A percepção da necessidade dessas mudanças decorreu, em grande parte, das fraudes corporativas que se utilizaram de instrumentos contábeis, revelados a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990 nos dois países. Nos Estados Unidos, mais precisamente, nos anos de 2001 e 2002. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar, comparativamente, as principais normas publicadas no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos entre 1998 e 2004, que buscaram o aprimoramento da governança corporativa através da estruturação de controles internos e de fiscalização sobre a elaboração e divulgação de demonstrações contábeis em setores empresariais regulamentados. As normas estudadas foram: a Lei Sarbanes-Oxley, sancionada nos Estados Unidos em 2002, as Resoluções 2554 e 3198 do Conselho Monetário Nacional - CMN, editadas em 1998 e 2004, respectivamente, a Resolução 118 de 2004 do Conselho Nacional de Seguros Privados - CNSP e as Circulares 249 e 280 de 2004 da Superintendência de Seguros Privados - SUSEP. Para a realização da análise comparativa foram coletadas opiniões, através da aplicação de questionário junto a participantes especialistas ativos das indústrias bancária, de seguros e das companhias abertas brasileiras, sobre a eficácia e suficiência das normas estudadas e foram levantados artigos acadêmicos, teses, dissertações e outros trabalhos que já tenham se proposto a analisar as referidas normas. As principais conclusões obtidas revelam que as normas estudadas são em geral eficazes e eficientes e abordaram aspectos importantes para a redução dos riscos de elaboração e divulgação de relatórios financeiros inadequados; que as medidas determinadas na Seção 404 da Lei Sarbanes-Oxley revelam pouca eficácia para a redução daqueles riscos e a custos muito elevados, principalmente para pequenas empresas; que, no Brasil, é necessário que os órgãos normatizadores das indústrias bancária, de seguros e das companhias abertas, bem como da profissão de contabilidade e auditoria desempenhem suas atividades de fiscalização e monitoramento de forma mais ampla e ativa.Stock market regulatory agencies in Brazil and the United States have effected major changes in the control and inspection of the preparation and disclosure of financial statements. The need for these changes was made mostly evident when corporate frauds perpetrated using accounting tools started to be disclosed in the second half of the 1990s in both countries. In the United States more precisely in 2001 and 2002. The purpose of this thesis was to compare the main regulations enacted in Brazil and the United States between 1998 and 2004, which sought to improve corporate governance by structuring internal and inspection controls over the preparation and disclosure of financial statements in regulated industries. The following regulations were studied: Sarbanes-Oxley Act approved in the United States in 2002, Resolutions No. 2554 and 3198 passed by the National Monetary Council (CMN) in 1998 and 2004, respectively, Resolution No. 118 of 2004 of the National Council of Private Insurance (CNSP) and Circular Letters No. 249 and 280 issued by the Superintendence of Private Insurance (SUSEP) in 2004. For a comparative analysis, opinions were collected by sending out questionnaires to experts from the banking and insurance industries and Brazilian public companies on the effectiveness and sufficiency of the regulation studied. Also, academic papers, dissertations, theses and other works that analyzed those regulations were surveyed. The main conclusions show that the studied regulations are in general effective and efficient and address major issues involved in reducing the risks of preparing and disclosing inadequate financial statements; that the provisions set forth in Section 404 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act have little effectiveness in reducing those risks and the costs are very high, specially for small companies; that in Brazil regulatory agencies of the banking and insurance industries and public companies, as well accountants? and auditors? professional bodies, must perform their inspection and monitoring activities more actively and widely.
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Abuhmaira, Mustafa A. "The impact of 'AAOIFI' standards on the financial reporting of Islamic banks : evidence from Bahrain." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2006. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-impact-of-aaoifi-standards-on-the-financial-reporting-of-islamic-banks(74a141e5-cb69-45df-a843-fddeca8c71db).html.
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The last 30 years have witnessed the appearance and rapid expansion of Islamic financial institutions operating both inside and outside the Islamic world. Islamic financial organisations are now operating in Western countries such as the UK, the US as well as most Islamic countries. The establishment of Islamic banks strengthens the need for Islamic accounting. Adopting or even modifying conventional accounting concepts, however, is insufficient to develop an accounting system which provides information that will lead to behaviour consistent with Islamic norms and objectives (Hameed, 2002). The Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) was established in 1990 as an independent organisation to adjust the financial reports of Islamic organisations to comply with Islamic Sharia'h requirement. By 2005, AAOIFI's membership consisted of 93 institutions spanning over 23 countries. This organisation has introduced a new system of business accounting by issuing Islamic accounting standards. AAOIFI have now issued 50 standards on accounting, auditing, governance, ethical and Sharia'h standards (Alchaar 2005). This study investigates and examines the extent of the application of the AAOIFI standards by Islamic banks in preparing their financial statements in Bahrain. Further, it explores whether the implementation of such standards provides relevant, reliable and sufficient information to the users of such information to assist them in decision-making. In addition, the awareness of the preparers of financial reports and progress in the quality of these financial reports has also been undertaken. Finally the thesis draws appropriate conclusion and following a critical reflection and recommends areas for further research.
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Singtokul, Ong-Ard. "Experience, episodic knowledge and judgment in an audit committee member task: experimental evidence." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34663.
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I conduct experiments to investigate how episodic knowledge obtained from prior experience as an auditor or a manager affects audit committee members' judgment in supporting the auditor in a disagreement with management. This paper sheds light on the advantage of first-hand accounting-related experience in the important oversight task. It also brings to bear the potential benefit from direct manager experience as claimed by researchers and regulators. I find that the episodic knowledge obtained from prior experience as an auditor, especially the experience of having been a diligent auditor, strengthens the degree of auditor support of participants in the role of an audit committee member. By contrast, the effect of episodic knowledge from first-hand experience as a manager on the likelihood of auditor support varies with the manager type. While the episodic knowledge acquired from direct experience as an aggressive manager augments the level of auditor support, such knowledge attained by prior experience as a conservative manager has no significant effect.
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Ferreira, Maria João Maurício. "Lei de Benford e detecção de fraude contabilística : aplicação à indústria transformadora em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6134.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisSendo a fraude um tema crítico e por vezes factor de distorções muito relevantes, ao nível do relato contabilístico das organizações, justifica-se a crescente preocupação dos vários stakeholders que, directa ou indirectamente, estão relacionados com essas mesmas organizações. A informação contida nas demonstrações financeiras tem que ser fiável por vários motivos consoante os utilizadores. Os accionistas para decidirem como aplicar o seu dinheiro, os empregados para saberem se fazem parte de uma organização financeiramente saudável, os fornecedores para saberem se podem vender a mercadoria a prazo, os bancos para poderem atribuir crédito, entre outros. Neste campo os auditores têm um papel fulcral de apoio e certificação da informação contida nessas demonstrações financeiras. Mas cada vez mais é necessário que a auditoria seja efectuada a um número maior de registos contabilísticos para garantir a fiabilidade da mesma, aumentando para isso a amostra, consumindo tempo e recursos. É neste sentido que a Lei de Benford pode ser um contributo de valor acrescentado, uma vez que permite a análise de grandes quantidades de dados de uma forma simples, rápida e eficaz, com os recursos informáticos que existem à disposição nos nossos dias. Este trabalho visa precisamente explorar e mostrar que esta teoria aplicada às empresas portuguesas, é de facto uma mais-valia que poderá ser um contributo importante na prevenção e detecção de fraudes, ou apenas para identificar erros e duplicações nos registos contabilísticos.
Being Fraud a critical issue and sometimes very relevant factor of distortions, at the level of accounting reporting from organizations, it justifies the growing concern of various stakeholders that directly or indirectly are related to those organizations. The information contained in financial statements must be reliable for several reasons depending on the users. Shareholders to decide how to apply their money, the employees to find out if they are part of an organization financially healthy, the suppliers to find out if they can sell the goods in time, the banks in order to assign credit, among others. In this matter auditors have a role key to support and certification of the information contained in these financial statements. But increasingly, it is necessary, that the auditing is carried out to a larger number of records to ensure is reliability. For that the samples needs to be increased, consuming time and resources. It is in this sense that Benford's Law can be a value-added contribution, since it allows the analysis of large amounts of data in a simple, fast and effective way, with the computing resources that are available today. This study specifically aims to explore, and show that this theory applied to Portuguese companies is indeed an asset which can be an important contribution in the prevention and detection of fraud, or just to identify errors and duplications in the accounting records.