Academic literature on the topic 'Financing from the budget'
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Journal articles on the topic "Financing from the budget"
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عثمان, هه وراس نظام. "مصادر تمويل الحقوق المالية لموظفي العقود الوزارية في ظل قانون الموازنات الاتحادية العراقية". Journal of Al-Qalam University College 8, № 16 (2024): 87–104. https://doi.org/10.70126/aqj.v7i16.241.
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Abstract All budget laws, especially the Federal Budget Law in Iraq for the year 2023, addressed the sources of financing the financial rights of employees of ministerial contracts, such as financing the salaries of this important segment of employees, in addition to its main objective of financing sectors and developing various services in Iraq and others, and that the financing process in most countries of the world comes through taxes, government investments and loans, but in Iraq, oil is the main and vital sector through which budgets are financed. It is noted that Iraq has been exposed to many economic crises that led to the collapse of the Iraqi economy, which negatively affected financial financing in general. From this, we mention that the demonstrations and the Corona pandemic caused a clear collapse in crude oil, which, as we previously said, constitutes a major source of financial financing and the percentage of reliance on it reaches (95%) of the Iraqi state’s revenues. The collapse in oil also caused a clear deficit in the 2019 budget, and the government resorted to debt by resorting to internal borrowing in the years (2019 and 2020). The delay and failure to approve the Iraqi federal budget affected the entitlements of employees of ministerial contracts. The issuance of job grades for contractors led to a crisis in financing their salaries, but their financing was transferred to the ministries in which they were appointed. The ministries that do not have self-financing faced some difficulties, especially after the issuance of appointments and the transfer of salaried workers to contracts, and then their referral to the permanent staff.
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Ginting, Mitha Christina, Arthur Simanjuntak, Duma Rahel Situmorang, Rike Yolanda Panjaitan, and Reymondo Simanjuntak. "THE EFFECT OF REGIONAL ORIGINAL REVENUE AND REMAINING BUDGET FINANCING ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PROVINCIAL LOCAL GOVERNMENTS NORTH SUMATRA FOR THE PERIOD 2018 - 2022." Jurnal Ilmiah Accusi 6, no. 2 (2024): 209–19. https://doi.org/10.36985/zf0wsz66.
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Regional Original Revenue is “all revenues received by the region obtained from various existing in the region, collected in accordance with applicable laws and regulations”. Remaining Budget Financing is “the difference between the realization of budget revenues and expenditures in one period. The purpose of this study was to test and analyze the effect of Local Original Revenue and Remaining Budget Financing on Local Government Financial Performance. The sample of this study was 33 districts / cities in North Sumatra province in 2018 - 2022 and obtained a total of 165 observation data. The sample technique used was saturated sample. According to the findings of this study, Local Revenue has a significant positive effect on Local Government Financial Performance, but Remaining Budget Financing has a significant negative impact. Simultaneously or together, Local Revenue and Budget Financing Surplus have a significant positive impact on Local Government Financial Performance. The two independent variables, Regional Original Revenue and Remaining Budget Financing, can account for 30.9% of the Local Government Financial Performance variable, with the remaining 69.1% explained by variables not included in the study
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Leibus, Inguna. "FINANCING ISSUES OF ENVIROMENT PROTECTION PROJECTS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2001): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2001vol1.1938.
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The aim of the report is to analyse the financial problems of the environmental protects in Latvia. The main tasks are the following: To become familiar with the formation o f various financial recourses on the environmental protects - the state budget investments, the local budgets sources, the grants and credits from International and other financial institutions. To analyse the structure of expenditures on environmental protection. The monographic method, the analyse statistic dates about environmental protection in Latvia in 1993-2000 are used the research. The main results o f the research are the following. The natural resources tax incomes are insufficient to solve the problems of the environmental protects. It is necessary to increase the base o f taxation. The incomes from ecology taxes must grow up on the summary state budget. It is necessary to increase the part o f natural resources tax to supliment local budgets, to solve local governments’ tasks o f environmental protection (especially garbage department) Till local financial resources are insufficient, it is necessary a supplement from state budgets to tie investments from various financial institutions.
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Khabibullayev, Ibrahimjon Muhammadjon ogli. "FACTORS DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF EXPENDITURES FINANCED FROM THE BUDGET." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 1, no. 1 (2021): 537–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720339.
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Sopwandin, Iwan, M. Reza Atqia, Nursal Fathoni, and Ara Hidayat. "MADRASA FINANCING MANAGEMENT." TADBIR MUWAHHID 3, no. 2 (2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jtm.v3i2.1963.
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This study aims to determine the financing management at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Mansyuriyah Cianjur. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative research. This method seeks to describe the state and interpret objects according to what is in the field. Data collection through participant observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis uses data unicitation, data categorization and data interpretation. To test the validity of the data, this research was conducted by checking the data on the extension of participation, perseverance of observation, and triangulation. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Madrasa financing sources come from the leadership of the foundation, Madarasah Operational Assistance (BOM), School Operational Assistance (BOS) both from the central government and regional government, student cooperatives, Infaq, Waqf, Zakat, Sodaqoh and Grants, 2) Planning (Budgeting) for madrasah financing begins by first making the Madrasah Activity and Budget Plan (RKAM), the source of the budget developed in the Madrasah RKAM Aliyah Al-Manshuriyah Cianjur include routine budget funds, development and maintenance budgets, education support funds, funding funds society, 3) Madrasah financing recording and bookkeeping is marked by the presence of an income control book, cash book / financial bookkeeping, and SPJ completed with valid evidence, 4) Auditing includes, evaluation, evaluation, accountability and conformity checks achieved. Reporting at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Mansyuriyah is conveyed to the guardians of students, principals, teachers, school committees, foundations and to the government in this case represented by supervisors.
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Bortnyk, S. M., and I. O. Sievidova. "Ensuring organisational and legal conditions for financing the social sector of Ukraine." Law and Safety 90, no. 3 (2023): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2023.3.01.
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The legal aspects of regulation of budgetary financing of social services have been analysed, and the main directions of improving the efficiency of the system of budgetary financing of social protection and social security of the population of Ukraine in modern conditions have been identified. Based on the analysis of scientific views, theoretical approaches to building a budget system in the context of social protection have been considered. The shortcomings of legal regulation of mechanisms for financing the provision of social protection services have been identified, and the main factors for improving the efficiency of budget financing and the inclusiveness of social protection have been described.
 The main task of the State in the context of social protection of the population is to fully and timely fill the relevant budgets and to finance social protection measures within the limits established by the budget. It has been noted that today the State system of budgetary funds management for financing social benefits remains one of the main components of the general and comprehensive social protection system of Ukraine. However, the practice of organising the budget process in Ukraine in the current socio-political conditions is characterised by an imbalance in the state and regional programmes of economic and social development. The main factors of disruptions in the functioning of the system of financing the social protection sector in Ukraine have been considered. There is a gradual reduction in the share of expenditures on social protection and social security from 30 % to 15 % of the consolidated budget in 2016–2022, while social spending is actually growing in monetary terms. It has been determined that although the Budget Code of Ukraine regulates the financial independence of local budgets by assigning to them the relevant sources of budget revenues, the actual level of revenue formation does not allow them to properly fulfil their own powers in the field of social protection of the population.
 It has been noted that in the context of decentralisation, amendments to the budget legislation should take into account the provision of real rights to pursue an independent socio-economic policy at the local level and at the same time ensure the effective exercise of their own and delegated powers. Provision of local and regional authorities with revenues sufficient to finance their powers should be done through decentralisation of budgetary funds, which will help to achieve a balance of regional and local budgets.
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Bortnyk, S. M., and I. O. Sievidova. "Ensuring organisational and legal conditions for financing the social sector of Ukraine." Law and Safety 90, no. 3 (2023): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2023.3.01.
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The legal aspects of regulation of budgetary financing of social services have been analysed, and the main directions of improving the efficiency of the system of budgetary financing of social protection and social security of the population of Ukraine in modern conditions have been identified. Based on the analysis of scientific views, theoretical approaches to building a budget system in the context of social protection have been considered. The shortcomings of legal regulation of mechanisms for financing the provision of social protection services have been identified, and the main factors for improving the efficiency of budget financing and the inclusiveness of social protection have been described.
 The main task of the State in the context of social protection of the population is to fully and timely fill the relevant budgets and to finance social protection measures within the limits established by the budget. It has been noted that today the State system of budgetary funds management for financing social benefits remains one of the main components of the general and comprehensive social protection system of Ukraine. However, the practice of organising the budget process in Ukraine in the current socio-political conditions is characterised by an imbalance in the state and regional programmes of economic and social development. The main factors of disruptions in the functioning of the system of financing the social protection sector in Ukraine have been considered. There is a gradual reduction in the share of expenditures on social protection and social security from 30 % to 15 % of the consolidated budget in 2016–2022, while social spending is actually growing in monetary terms. It has been determined that although the Budget Code of Ukraine regulates the financial independence of local budgets by assigning to them the relevant sources of budget revenues, the actual level of revenue formation does not allow them to properly fulfil their own powers in the field of social protection of the population.
 It has been noted that in the context of decentralisation, amendments to the budget legislation should take into account the provision of real rights to pursue an independent socio-economic policy at the local level and at the same time ensure the effective exercise of their own and delegated powers. Provision of local and regional authorities with revenues sufficient to finance their powers should be done through decentralisation of budgetary funds, which will help to achieve a balance of regional and local budgets.
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Bykov, Ivan. "FINANCING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN UKRAINE." Three Seas Economic Journal 4, no. 2 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2023-2-1.
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The financing of inclusive education in Ukraine and the procedure of using subsidies from the state budget to local budgets for providing state support to persons with special educational needs are the subject of research. The purpose of the article is to analyse the current process of financing inclusive education in Ukraine. The research methods were carried out in three years (2020, 2021, 2022). The methodology is based on modern provisions of economics, economic theory, financial law and reflects the interrelation of methodological approaches to the study of the concept of the process of financing inclusive education in general secondary educational institutions of Ukraine. The results of the study prove that the financing of inclusive education in Ukraine and the procedure of using subsidies from the state budget to local budgets for providing state support to persons with special educational needs is an urgent problem today. The procedure of using subsidies from the state budget to local budgets for providing state support to persons with special educational needs is highlighted. The formula for calculating the equalisation subsidy is constructed in such a way that a single standard of budgetary support per secondary school pupil is used for all general secondary schools. Funding programmes for inclusive education can be targeted at students and their families rather than at local authorities and schools. This can be financial assistance (e.g., scholarships), tuition fee waivers or other assistance such as school meals. The procedure and conditions for granting subsidies from the state budget to local budgets for the provision of state support for persons with special educational needs take into account the financing of resources for corrective and developmental classes. No more than 35% of the funds of the "integrative" subsidy are used for the purchase of corrective and developmental aids. The work of specialists hired on the basis of civil law contracts (for corrective and developmental classes) is also paid from this subsidy. The resolution also contains a list of corrective and developmental classes that may be conducted. Practical implications. The main source of funding from local budgets that can be used for inclusive education services is the equalisation grant. The government has a general policy of financing local authorities or schools. The method of financing regions, schools and pupils in secondary education in general and primary education in particular should be based more on equality in the redistribution of material resources. The Law of Ukraine "On General Secondary Education" (2020) states in paragraph 3 of Article 24 that for work in inclusive classes or groups there should be an additional payment of 20% to the tariff rate for all teaching staff. Special education teachers, rehabilitators and teacher's assistants receive an additional payment for hours worked in inclusive primary school classes. The research has shown that in 2020, the state will allocate 21.3 thousand UAH for each child who graduates from secondary school in various educational institutions in Ukraine.
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Kachanova, Elena. "Assessment of local budget deficit in the context of global challenges: Content, causes and ways of optimization." Municipality: Economics and Management, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2304-3385-2024-2-26-33.
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Introduction. The impact of global challenges in the modern world establishes its own technologies for achieving balance in planning and using budget finances in Russia. These problems acquire a special spectrum within the framework of a large number, diversity of legal types, natural and geographical features of the territory and financial independence of local budgets. Local budgets are the most significant source of financing for public utility infrastructure facilities that residents of municipalities use every day, which ultimately determines the comfort and quality of living in the local area. This article aims to consider the theoretical and methodological approaches to the content and causes of the local budget deficit and to substantiate the criteria for the effectiveness of its financing with an uncertain revenue base and increasing costs for organizing the provision of municipal services in all areas of expenditure obligations of local governments. To substantiate the working hypothesis of the study, we point out that local budgets of all legal types of municipalities have gratuitous transfers from higher-level budgets as the main source of revenue base, a small amount of tax initiative and budgetary powers to assess their expenditure obligations. As a rule, all these powers are regulated at the federal and regional levels.The methodological basis of the study was the provisions of the Keynesian and neo-Keynesian schools of budget regulation, taking into account the new model of municipal governance. The empirical basis of the study was the control indicators of draft budgets of a number of municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region, obtained by the author from official sources and the results of the webinar with representatives of financial departments as part of local governments of the Sverdlovsk region.Results and conclusions. The results of the study identified the criteria for the formation and implementation of an effective budget deficit policy, formulated practical recommendations for local governments to optimize the financing of the local budget deficit and servicing the debt obligations of the municipality in the context of prevention and adaptation to global challenges. As further directions of scientific research, it is necessary to indicate an assessment of the possibilities of applying these criteria by local governments to the reformed provisions of the budget legislation of Russia, expected for 2030-2036.
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Tereshchenko, Hanna, Sergiy Londar, Valentyna Gapon, Andrii Lytvynchuk, and Lidia Londar. "School Education Financing in the Context of Decentralization: Cases of Ukraine." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 14, no. 3 (2022): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/14.3/600.
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The article explores the issues of school education financing in the context of decentralization in Ukraine. School education in Ukraine is funded from different sources. About a third of the total education budget consists of the education subvention for teachers' salaries, which is an inter-budget transfer from the state budget to local budgets. For the purpose of our research, we selected a network of schools in the Zaporizhia region of Ukraine and its financing for the period of 2014-2021. This region is typical, plain, and without significant geographical features (unlike, for example, areas with mountainous or inaccessible areas). To identify the framework of financing school education in Ukraine within the decentralization process, we utilized methods of empirical analysis of statistical indicators, as well simulation to assess the relationship between a number of indicators such as the number of students in the school, class size and the average costs of education per student using educational subvention. The purpose is to determine opportunities to increase the efficiency of budget expenditures on education. Our analysis of the use of educational subvention funds by the different types of local budgets shows that the schools financed from city budgets use these funds with the most efficiency. The schools funded from regional budgets and district budgets use the funds with the least efficiency. Our research is very valuable for improving theoretical and empirical aspects of the calculation of the projected amount of the educational subvention, as well as for the optimization of the school network.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Financing from the budget"
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FERRARESI, Massimiliano. "Responsiveness of local governments to financial and institutional reforms: evidence from Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388975.
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This thesis proposes three distinct contribution to the field of economic analysis on local government. In particular, each of the three studies focuses on a specific Italian policy reform allowing us to analyze how it affects local fiscal policy decisions. In the first chapter we investigate the impact on expenditure of tax on principal dwellings before 2008 and the impact on expenditure of the grant which, after 2008, compensated for the abolition of the tax on principal dwellings. We setup a theoretical model in which the introduction of a political bias against taxation gives rise to the flypaper effect. If the public good is very important with respect to private consumption then an increase in the municipal size implies a decrease in the extent of the flypaper effect; the opposite happens if the public good is not important with respect to private consumption. We then test the hypotheses coming from the model by using data on Italian municipalities, focusing on two groups of expenditure: the principal expenditure, which are those essential to guarantee the minimum standard daily life of a municipality and the rest, defined as residual expenditure. We find that the flypaper effect holds for both kinds of expenditure, but decreases with respect to population in the case of principal expenditure and increases with respect to population in the case of residual expenditure. In the second chapter we setup a model in which the residents of two neighboring municipalities can use the services provided by public infrastructures located in both jurisdictions. If services are either complements or substitutes in use, the municipalities strategically interact when investing in infrastructures; moreover, when they differ in population size, the small municipality reacts more to the expenditure of its neighbor than the big one. The theoretical predictions are then tested by estimating the determinants of the stock of public infrastructures of the municipalities belonging to the Autonomous Province of Trento, in Italy. By introducing a spatial lag-error component, we find that municipalities positively react to an increase in infrastructures by their neighbors, but the effect tends to vanish above a given population threshold. Finally, in chapter 3 we use data for all Italian municipalities from 2001 to 2007 to empirically test the extent to which two different electoral rules, which hold for small and large municipalities, affect fiscal policy decisions at local level. Municipalities with fewer than 15,000 inhabitants elect their mayors in accordance with a single-ballot plurality rule where only one list can support her/him, while the rest of the municipalities uses a runoff plurality rule where multiple lists can support her/him. Per capita total taxes, charges and current expenditure in large municipalities are lower than in small ones if the mayor of the large municipality does not need a broad coalition to be elected, otherwise the use of a single- or double-ballot rule does not make any difference in the policy outcome.
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Євлентьєва, І. Р. "Фінансування освіти в Україні: проблеми та перспективи". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Yevlentieva.pdf.
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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче<br>У роботі розглядаються теоретичні засади фінансування освіти в Україні, у тому числі планування видатків на освіту та його особливості, принципи та напрями фінансування видатків на освіту, проблеми фінансування видатків на освіту. Здійснено аналіз стану фінансування видатків на освіту в Україні, здійснена оцінка фінансування видатків зведеного бюджету на освіту та оцінка використання державних цільових субвенцій на освіту. Розглянуто зарубіжний досвід планування та фінансування видатків на освіту, надані рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності планування та фінансування видатків на освіту в Україні.<br>The paper considers the theoretical principles of financing education in Ukraine, including the planning of expenditures on education and its features, principles and directions of financing expenditures on education, the problems of financing expenditures on education. The analysis of the state of financing of expenditures on education in Ukraine is carried out, the estimation of financing of expenditures of the consolidated budget on education and the estimation of use of the state target subventions on education is carried out. The foreign experience of planning and financing of expenditures on education is considered, recommendations on increase of efficiency of planning and financing of expenditures on education in Ukraine are given.
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Leos, Leonard Rouleau Paul Wadsworth Mark. "Budget scoring of alternative financing methods for defense requirements." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FLeos%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007."<br>Advisor(s): Summers, Donald ; San Miguel, Joseph. "June 2007." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on August 15, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38). Also available in print.
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Leos, Leonard, Mark Wadsworth, and Paul Rouleau. "Budget scoring of alternative financing methods for defense requirements." Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10247.
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MBA Professional Report<br>This research investigates procurement scoring and the Department of Defense's (DoD) use of alternative financing methods, such as leases and public-private ventures. One of the major impediments to using alternative forms of procurement financing for acquiring defense capabilities is in the budgetary treatment, or "scoring," of these initiatives by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the congressional Budget Committees. The current scoring policy that has been applied to many initiatives essentially negates the financial advantage for using alternative forms of financing. Therefore, this research examines existing policies and their adherence to statutes and the role of the various government organizations and committees in actual recording of obligations and outlays related to financing alternatives used by federal agencies. Preliminary evidence suggests that this emerging area has major importance for future DoD acquisitions in a resource-constrained environment. Included are recommendations for changes in budgetary scoring that encompass the full scope of federal obligations and expenditures while promoting efficient, more rapid and fiscally responsible acquisitions.
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Jankowski, Patrick, Michael McGee, and Matthew Lehmann. "Financing the DOD acquisition budget: innovative uses of public-private partnerships." Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10129.
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MBA Professional Report<br>This project identifies a need for alternative financing options in the Department of Defense (DOD) to provide increased capability to the warfighter in todayb2ss exigent military environment. Further, this project compares the history of Public-Private Partnerships in the U.S. Government with the United Kingdom (UK) Ministry of Defense (MOD). We intend to showcase the increased capabilities currently enjoyed by the UK MOD from entering into these agreements. Additionally, it will provide an in depth look of three Private Finance Initiatives (PFI) that Serco Inc. has undertaken and future prospects for the private financing technique. Finally, this analysis will evaluate the value for money gained by using Public-Private Partnerships through proper risk transfer in lieu of Full Up-Front Funding. The examination concludes that continued and expanded use of Public-Private Partnerships provides increased real time capability to DOD while supporting private industry. Public-Private Partnership agreements may not always be the most inexpensive means of procurement from a purely financial standpoint. However, this relationship provides several tangible real time benefits to the government and seeks to reduce the full life cycle cost.
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Shpitshluz, S. О. "The emergence of fiscal risks in the process of financing the regional budget." Thesis, Science and education LTD, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60123.
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Today, the topic of budgetary financing is very important. As the country’s
economy during the financial crisis is fragile and weak, there is a need to develop new
conceptual approaches to the directions and mechanisms of fiscal policy
implementation, and turn it into an effective instrument of social and economic
development of both country and region.
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Bartáková, Daniela. "Právní regulace finančních toků ze strukturálních fondů na komunitární a národní úrovni." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74419.
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The "European Union and National Legislation on Financial Flows from Structural Funds" Thesis describes and evaluates briefly relevant European Union and Czech legislation on receiving financial flows from European Social Fund, European Regional Development Fund and Cohesion Fund. The thesis compares various model grant agreements used in Czech regional operational programmes, eligibility of expenditure rules applicable to different regional operational programmes and compares rules of procurement applicable to Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation to rules of procurement applicable to Human Resources and Employment Operational Programme. The thesis comes to the conclusion that even though the European Union legislation valid for the period of 2007--2013 is advanced and clear, it fails to secure creation of a clear and rational system of financial flows distribution on national level.
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Ілляшенко, Тетяна Олексіївна, Татьяна Алексеевна Ильяшенко, Tetiana Oleksiivna Illiashenko та С. І. Захарченко. "Реформування фінансового забезпечення охорони здоров’я в Україні". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47432.
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В системі охорони здоров’я однією з головних проблем є нестача коштів, які забезпечують її функціонування. У суспільстві сформовано три альтернативні моделі організації та фінансового забезпечення охорони здоров’я: бюджетна, страхова та приватна. Спільним для цих моделей є те, що вони використовують багатоджерельний механізм фінансового забезпечення з метою залучення всіх можливих фінансових ресурсів.
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Suban, Robert. "The financing of multinational subsidiaries." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-financing-of-multinational-subsidiaries(20510445-f31e-4a00-bd01-870fd19be9da).html.
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In this thesis, we investigate how multinational (MNC) parents can use the way they finance their subsidiary firms in order to constrain subsidiary management. In the first essay, we develop a theoretical framework in which we consider a number of alternative decisions related to the financing of MNC subsidiary firms. We show that, from the MNC parent's perspective, the optimal choice is to delegate the monitoring of the subsidiary to host-country banks and finance the subsidiary using short-term and short-term external debt. This arrangement will guarantee that the MNC subsidiary management exerts an optimal amount of effort and abides by the objectives set by the MNC parent. In the second essay, we propose and test four hypotheses addressing how MNC parents can use short-term and short-term external debt to constrain the rent-seeking behaviour of subsidiary management. One set of hypotheses analyses the use of short-term debt. The second set of hypotheses investigates the use of short-term external debt. Moreover, we investigate these two hypotheses in two different settings to measure: (i) the subsidiary effect by comparing between UK domestic and UK subsidiary firms and (ii) the location effect by comparing UK and US subsidiary firms. We find support for our hypotheses, namely that UK subsidiaries have more short-term debt and more short-term external debt as compared to equivalent UK domestic firms, and that US subsidiaries have more short-term debt and less short-term external debt compared to equivalent UK subsidiaries. Our results are both statistically and economically significant and are robust to the use of a matched sample approach to test our hypotheses. The third essay investigates the relationship between the bargaining power of MNC subsidiary firms and the way these firms are financed by analysing the source and the maturity of financing arrangements. We argue that the financing arrangements used to finance the subsidiary are linked to its ability to engage in rent-seeking behaviour and the latter depends on the amount of bargaining power that the subsidiary possesses. We use four different measures of bargaining power, namely age, size, presence of foreign sales and percentage of foreign sales. Using data relating to UK and US MNC subsidiaries between 2001 and 2010, we test two sets of hypotheses linking the bargaining power of the MNC subsidiary firms with the use of short-term debt and the use of external short-term debt. Our results provide strong support for our short-term debt hypotheses while support for our external debt hypotheses is more limited. The results are also economically significant when using the percentage of foreign sales as a bargaining power proxy. We also notice that the use of debt to constrain subsidiary management behaviour appears to differ across UK and US MNC subsidiary firms.
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Adams, Gordon. "A critical analysis of the African Union’s self-financing mechanism." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6820.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil<br>In the process of describing the background to the problem, the author will in this section firstly, explain what the African Union (AU) has implemented, secondly, explain the relevant rules and regulations that need to be adhered to as World Trade Organisation (WTO) members and lastly, explain how the self-financing mechanism might be in contravention of the rules and regulations of the WTO required to be adhered to by all WTO Members.
Books on the topic "Financing from the budget"
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Ronald, Reagan. Confirmation of achievement of deficit reduction: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting notification that no aggregate outlay reduction is required, based on his final order and the final report of the Director of OMB dated October 15, 1988, pursuant to Public Law 100-119, sec. 252(b)(4). U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Adjustment of the maximum deficit amount: Communication from the President of the United States, transmitting notification of his decision that the adjustment of the maximum deficit amount, as allowed under section 253(g)(1)(B) of the Act (2 U.S.C. 903(g)(1)(B), shall be made, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 904(c). U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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Clinton), United States President (1993-2001 :. Adjustment of the maximum deficit amount: Message from the President of the United States, transmitting notification of his decision that the adjustment of the maximum deficit amount, as allowed under section 253(g)(1)(B) of the Act (2 U.S.C. 903(g)(1)(B), shall be made, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 904(c). U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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1946-, Clinton Bill, and United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations., eds. Adjustment of the maximum deficit amount: Message from the President of the United States, transmitting notification of his decision that the adjustment of the maximum deficit amount, as allowed under section 253(g)(1)(B) of the Act (2 U.S.C. 903(g)(1)(B), shall be made, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 904(c). U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Adjustment of the maximum deficit amount: Communication from the President of the United States, transmitting notification of his decision that the adjustment of the maximum deficit amount, as allowed under section 253(g)(1)(B) of the Act (2 U.S.C. 903(g)(1)(B), shall be made, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 904(c). U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Adjustment of the maximum deficit amount: Message from the President of the United States, transmitting notification of his decision that the adjustment of the maximum deficit amount, as allowed under section 253(g)(1)(B) of the Act (2 U.S.C. 903(g)(1)(B), shall be made, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 904(c). U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Adjustment of the maximum deficit amount: Communication from the President of the United States, transmitting notification of his decision that the adjustment of the maximum deficit amount, as allowed under section 253(g)(1)(B) of the Act (2 U.S.C. 903(g)(1)(B), shall be made, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 904(c). U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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Great Britain. Advisory Board for the Research Councils. Allocations of the science budget 1989-92: Advice to the Secretary of State for Education & Science from the Advisory Board for the Research Councils. [The Board?], 1988.
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Great Britain. Advisory Board for the Research Councils. Allocations of the science budget 1990-93: Advice to the Secretary of State for Education and Science from the Advisory Board for the Research Councils. Advisory Board for the Research Councils, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Financing from the budget"
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Pekanov, Atanas, and Margit Schratzenstaller-Altzinger. "8. Making Green Public Investments a Reality in the EU Fiscal Framework and the EU Budget." In Financing Investment in Times of High Public Debt. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0386.08.
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Additional green public investment at the Member-State level will be needed to address the climate emergency as a central priority in the EU. This chapter discusses two paths to enable increased green public investments in the EU: through possible amendments to the current EU fiscal framework or through funding from the EU budget. The Commission’s proposal from November 2022 regarding orientations for a reform of the EU-governance framework widens the leeway for debt-financed public investment. However, existing green public investment needs are not considered sufficiently. Therefore, we discuss several options to enable the flexibility of national budgets to ensure a level of green public investment which―together with private resources―is sufficient to close the existing green investment gaps. In addition, the use of the lever the EU budget theoretically offers to contribute to green public investment in the EU needs to be intensified. At about 1% of EU GNI (1.7% of EU GNI including NGEU) the overall volume of the EU budget is limited. The more important are steps to strengthen spending in policies that create EU value added, inter alia green public investment.
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Blankart, Charles B., and Gerrit B. Koester. "The Lisbon Treaty, the Financial Crisis and Exit from Budget Gridlock." In European Union Budget Reform. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137004987_5.
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Chen, Guanhua, and Xinqi Gong. "The Application of Time Series Analysis in the Fiscal Budget Variance of China." In Financial Mathematics and Fintech. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2366-3_12.
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AbstractDuring the process of budget planning and execution, irregular behaviors will be reflected in the level of the difference between budgeted and actual figures (named budget variance). Considering that these two processes are both led by Government Of China (hereinafter called GOC), the budget variance is widely used to evaluate the fiscal system. This chapter collects State General Public Budget data from 2000 to 2018 and analyzes their influence on budget variance. Then the forecast for budget variance is completed by modeling the budget execution and budget variance rate separately. The descriptive analysis and AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) contributes to decide the candidate model, the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) on test data is used to select the final optimal model. The forecast shows that the extent of budget variance will be further controlled in 2011 and 2012, this chapter explains the result with fiscal theories to enhance the credibility of it and thereby provides a couple of policy advice on Chinese budget reform.
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Gupta, Indrani. "Financing for a Resilient Health System in India: Lessons from the COVID Pandemic." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_13.
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AbstractCOVID-19 has again brought into focus the need for building a resilient health system which can cater efficiently and equitably to the population during normal times as well as during unforeseen events like an epidemic, pandemic, or other unanticipated occurrences that impact human health. To be prepared well in advance means to avoid unnecessary morbidity and mortality on the one hand, and minimize socio-economic impact on individuals and households, on the other. The author argues that each component that goes into building a resilient health system requires financing, making health financing the key policy knob for the government. India has had to struggle in real time to fill the various gaps in the health system during the pandemic, by undertaking emergency investment on a variety of essential goods and services for the health sector. The analysis of trends in health financing indicates that government investment has remained very low which has prevented strengthening key areas of the health system like infrastructure, personnel, and medical supplies. It has also resulted in high out-of-pocket expenditures for health care by households, exacerbating inequalities in access. Finally, the latest budget outlays for health are examined to analyze whether India has been able to use the pandemic as a wake-up call for prioritizing the health sector and build a stronger health system.
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Lavrov, Alexei M., Alexei G. Makushkin, L. N. Bogdanov, et al. "Direct Expenditures from the Federal Budget in the Regions." In The Fiscal Structure of the Russian Federation: Financial Flows Between the Center and the Regions. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003573005-5.
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Lavrov, Alexei M., Alexei G. Makushkin, L. N. Bogdanov, et al. "Financial Aid to Subjects of the Federation from the Federal Budget." In The Fiscal Structure of the Russian Federation: Financial Flows Between the Center and the Regions. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003573005-4.
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Lamassoure, Alain. "An Outlook on the European Budget: From Financial Solidarity to Budgetary Solidarity?" In Schuman Report on Europe. Springer Paris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0222-0_9.
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Abbaspour, Soroush, Araham Martinez, Gurjote Singh Sandhu, and Mazdak Nik-Bakht. "Automated Identification and Impact Quantification of Financial Budget Items from Construction Data." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62170-3_1.
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Fontana, Olimpia. "Tra solidarietà europea e responsabilità nazionali: la tutela dei beni pubblici europei." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-591-2.09.
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The theme of solidarity between European Union (EU) member states lies at the heart of the European integration process itself, in the context of an ongoing tension between the renunciation of national sovereignty, driven by a drive for cooperation, and the maintenance of prerogatives of strategic interest to states. In fact, the EU was born from the decision of its members to pool selected aspects of their sovereignty, in a process whose evolution is expressed both in the choice of community policies and in the availability and methods of financing those policies. These are two sides of the same coin, that of the Community budget, which is the operational instrument that supports and accompanies the major steps in the EU's evolutionary process. Indeed, since the 1980s, the Community budget has represented the instrument capable of holding together on the one hand the process of economic liberalisation and on the other the objective of social integration between countries that had different starting conditions. However, cooperation and solidarity are aspects that need to be strengthened today, albeit in new dimensions. The financial crisis has brought about a new acceleration in the coordination of national fiscal policies, without, however, generating the missing piece to European economic policy, namely an autonomous fiscal capacity, endowed with taxation power, on which a full fiscal union would be based.
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Vuongová, Andrea. "Dopady na státní rozpočet v souvislosti s aplikací finančních oprav u evropských dotací." In Interakce práva a ekonomie. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9934-2021-9.
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As part of the protection of the European Union budget, European legislation sets out corrective mechanisms in cases where the funds provided have not been used in accordance with the intended purpose and rules. At the national level, there are a number of ways, as well as a number of obstacles, to returning funds to which a financial correction has been applied back to the state budget. The institute of budgetary discipline breach plays a key function for the return of unjustly used funds to the state budget. There is a difference between the funds that have not been reimbursed from the European Union due to the application of the correction and the funds recovered at the national level, this difference is a burden for the state budget. This paper will describe the circumstances of this difference, its causes and possible solutions.
Conference papers on the topic "Financing from the budget"
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Popescu, Gheorghe Cristian, and Monica Popescu. "FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS PROMOTED THROUGH COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/4.2/s20.57.
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The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023 - 2027 is currently the main instrument of the member states for the development of the agricultural sector and rural areas. CAP is focused on ten key objectives related to social, environmental and economic goals. EU agricultural policy covers all levels covers all levels of agri-food supply chain. The Romania CAP Strategic Plan was approved by the European Commission in December 2022 with a total allocation of 15.83 billions � (14,96 billions � from EU budget and 0,86 billion � national funding). The main type of interventions for direct payments to farmers promoted by Romanian Strategic Plan are: basic income support for sustainability, complementary redistributive income support for sustainability, complementary income support for young farmers, environmentally friendly practices applicable to arable land, practicing environmentally friendly agriculture in small farms (traditional households). These financial instruments are supported through the European agricultural guarantee fund (EAGF). According to the Romanian Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture, for the 2023 campaign, a number of 759,976 payment requests were submitted for an area of over 9.98 million hectares. European environmental and agricultural policies play a key role to increase competitiveness and sustainability of agricultural systems. Even if the agricultural policy instruments and strategic plans contribute to the development of the agricultural sector, there is still a need for simplification, diversification and specific measures depending on the particularities of the agribusiness field.
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Petco, Ana. "Budgetary process in the Republic of Moldova local budget formation." In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359030.20.
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In this article, the author aims to research the mechanism of financing local budgets in the Republic of Moldova through the system of transfers and the formation of the budget process. Through this research, the author studied the advantages of using this mechanism to finance local budgets from the state budget and the factors underlying the determination of the volume of budget allocations. Characteristic of this inter-budgetary mechanism is the calculation of the volume of allocations for the general financing of a local budget. The budget process being the basis of the mechanism.
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Hincu, Rodica, and Ana Litocenco. "Budget deficit: indicator of financial relations within the financial system." In 26th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2022.41.
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The budget deficit has become a widespread phenomenon in most states of the world, as their demand and financing needs are often higher compared to the revenues obtained from taxes and fees. In this context, in the given article, the authors propose to analyze the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the budget deficit as an indicator of financial relations within the financial system, as well as its causes, consequences and sources of coverage. At the same time, the dynamics and evolution of the budget deficit of the Republic of Moldova, as well as their financing sources, will be analyzed. The research methodology related to the given article is represented by the method of analysis, synthesis, comparison, graphic method and data interpretation method, etc. As a result of the given research, the optimal methods of financing the budget deficit are to be identified as well as the situation of the budget deficit in the Republic of Moldova is to be analyzed.
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Vidovic, Nikola, and Hatidza Berisa. "INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FINANCING OF THE DEFENCE AND SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA." In SECURITY AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT - THEORY AND PRACTICE. RASEC, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70995/psiy4203.
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Financing the defence system determines the size of the gross domestic product, as a product of total socio-economic activity. This conclusion logically concludes, having in mind the fact that the defence system is part of the social system and that it forms a segment of the socio-economic structure, and hence the source of its financing must be stimulated from the source of financing the overall social reproduction. The aim of the paper is to determine the aspects of budgetary funds treatment in the Ministry of Defence and the Serbian Armed Forces through systematic analysis of the financing of the Ministry of Defence and the Army of Serbia, as well as the realized revenues from the activities of the defence system, as well as the degree of economy, efficiency and effectiveness of disposal of funds. In an integral sense, the determination of the needs relation and the ability to finance tasks and activities that are being put before the Ministry of Defence and the Serbian Armed Forces is also expressed through the economic aspect of the research. By identifying the treatment of financial resources in the Ministry of Defence and the Army of Serbia and by examining the impact on the sustainability of financing of the Ministry of Defence and the Army of Serbia through budget instruments, the possible economically feasible conditions for realization of certain activities and activities and models for improving defence financing have been demonstrated. On the basis of an analysis of the current state of financing of the expenses of the defence system of the Republic of Serbia, the paper highlights the previous theoretical knowledge and experience of the budget as an instrument for financing defence expenditures, defining the advantages and disadvantages that existed and existing, but also highlighting the improvements that arose by introducing a program budget in the Ministry of Defence. By implementing new theoretical knowledge on innovative allocative mechanisms for financing the defence system and improving the efficiency of the budget in practice, much more efficient and effective financing of defence expenditures would be achieved. A purposeful distribution of limited financial resources and the transparency of using available resources for the purpose of sustainability of the required level of readiness and capabilities of the entities of the defence system would result in a high degree of operationality and significant progress in the functioning of the Ministry of Defence. For the purpose of more systematic approach to defence financing issues, a comparison of the Serbian defence system with the defence systems of the surrounding countries was performed.
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Japarova, Damira. "Analysis of Financing Practice of the State Healthcare System in the Kyrgyz Republic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02499.
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Health care in the Kyrgyz Republic is financed from the following sources: the national budget, the funds of the Compulsory Health Insurance Fund and the local budget of the city of Bishkek, as well as co-payments of patients. Financial resources received from the state budget to finance the State Guarantee Program do not meet its real needs. The Kyrgyz Republic maintains a residual principle of health financing. Finding potential sources of resources for health and identifying ways to distribute and use them effectively requires better funding for public health organizations. In this regard, it is relevant to develop a mechanism to attract additional sources of funding and their effective use. The article assesses the sources of funding for public health organizations and examines potential sources of the public health system.
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Dasheva, Daniela, Hristo Andonov, and Mihail Konchev. "FINANCING OF ELITE BULGARIAN SPORT." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/127.
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ABSTRACT The achievement of international and mainly Olympic sporting success is increasingly vital to a country with a well-developed sport system. The number of medals won in Olympics Games and, other international sports competitions offer the most self-evident and transparent measure of success in high-performance sport. Increasing competition between nations to succeed in international sporting events also leads to increased financial investments in elite sports from state sources. Many countries invest in sports in which they have built traditions of success or are their social capital. In this article, the theoretical framework assumes that nations that give priority to the financing of certain sports improve the efficiency of the allocation of funds. The purpose of this study is to identify the indicators (criteria) for financial support of elite Bulgarian sports and answer the following questions: (1) whether and to what extent it is necessary to prioritize the financing of sports in Bulgaria; (2) if it is a guarantee of success; (3) and which are the sports that are given the highest priority. The technique of the coefficient of concentration or the share of funding allocated to the four most funded sports within this Olympic cycle was used. In 2021, 46 sports were funded, of which 33 were Olympic and 13 non-Olympic, with a budget of 27.459 million. The data collected show that the first four federations receive about 33.3% of the total budget share for the year — the next four -24.125%. So, the first eight funding proposals receive about 60% (59.175%) of the MMC’s total budget, the remaining -40%. Establishing the link between performance (sports performance) and the country’s policy on sports funding is a rather ambitious task. International sporting success in both summer and winter Olympic sports is primarily determined by factors that cannot be controlled solely by a country’s sporting policy, which makes success relatively relative.
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Arkalov, Dmitriy. "FINANCING SPORTS FEDERATIONS AS A ZERO-SUM GAME." In VII All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation "Sports Informatics Day". Russian Association of Computer Science in Sports, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62105/conferencearticle_65aec744e99a68.29986992.
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Abstract. Sports federations as non-profit organizations play an important role in the development of the public sector and the development of selected sports, being responsible for their popularization and development. They are a powerful potential and tool for solving problems in the field of physical culture and sports that are not solved by state and municipal sports institutions. Sports federations as actors are the most mobile in terms of communications with both the state and business. In the Russian practice of state support for sports, budgetary funds constitute the predominant part in the financial support of regional sports federations, which cannot but affect the final volume of their financing – with a limited budget, the more sports federations, the less each of them can receive. In this case, the chosen budget policy can either help in the development of sports or lead to decline. Therefore, the formation of clear and objective rules for obtaining a certain amount of financial support from the state is an important factor in fair competition for resources. This study proposes a model for the distribution of financial resources among sports federations. The model is built on objective, measurable and verifiable indicators that characterize the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of athletes, personnel potential and organizational abilities. All indicators are calculated in relation to each other, and the starting point for calculations is the athlete who is enrolled in the sports school. At the output, the model forms a balanced system, the relationships within which change when the quantitative and (or) qualitative characteristics of the indicators change, as well as a logically sound order of financing for each specific sport.
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Arkalov, Dmitriy. "FINANCING SPORTS FEDERATIONS AS A ZERO-SUM GAME." In VII All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation "Sports Informatics Day". Russian Association of Computer Science in Sports, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62105/2949-6349-2024-1-s1-20-24.
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Sports federations as non-profit organizations play an important role in the development of the public sector and the development of selected sports, being responsible for their popularization and development. They are a powerful potential and tool for solving problems in the field of physical culture and sports that are not solved by state and municipal sports institutions. Sports federations as actors are the most mobile in terms of communication with both the state and business. In the Russian practice of state support for sports, budgetary funds constitute the predominant part in the financial support of regional sports federations, which cannot but affect the final extent of their financing: with a limited budget, the more sports federations, the less each of them can receive. In this case, the chosen budget policy can either help in the development of sports or lead to decline. Therefore, the formation of clear and objective rules for obtaining a certain amount of financial support from the state is an important factor in fair competition for resources. This study proposes a model for the distribution of financial resources among sports federations. The model is built on objective, measurable and verifiable indicators that characterize the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of athletes, personnel potential and organizational abilities. All indicators are calculated in relation to each other, and the starting point for calculations is the athlete who is enrolled in the sports school. At the output, the model forms a balanced system, the relationships within which change when the quantitative and (or) qualitative characteristics of the indicators change, as well as a logically sound order of financing for each specific sport.
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Atanasov, Nikolay, and Dimitar Semkov. "Healthcare Financing Models and the Expenditure Growth." In Sixth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2022.233.
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The present study includes the countries of the European Union, aiming to test the hypothesis that the funding models can be related to the size and growth of health expenditure, as a phenomenon from the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. The criterion for grouping the national health systems is the dominant public source of financing from the two with the largest weight in the aggregate expenditure – health insurers’ payments and payments on account of the state budget. Data from the health accounts of the countries of the EU for a period of the last 10 years are used. The observed indicator is the weight of total health expenditure of the current GDP, which allows international comparisons to be made. The methods of analysis used include descriptive statistics, verification of hypotheses for the type of empirical distributions, equality of means and variances, and graphical presentation of the detected dependencies. The results show that there is a significant variation in health expenditure between the individual countries in the EU. Within the formed two groups of countries – one with a dominant government budget and the other with a dominant health insurance financing, no statistically significant difference in the size of the health expenditure can be found. Such a dependence is found when grouping using other indicators related to geographical location and living standards.
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Lapčević, Milivoje. "IZBOR TIPOVA BUDžETIRANjA PREMA UČINKU U POSTIZANjU EFEKTIVNOSTI SISTEMA JAVNIH USLUGA." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.715l.
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In this paper, the analysis will be subjected to various criteria of performance based budgeting clasification, as currently the most common model of rationalist budgeting. The national managers focusing on one or another variant of the "performance budget" is sometimes a consequence of the intention to achieve better adoption to the implementation environment, while in some cases, deviation from the external structural basis of PBB is the results expected from that application. The paper will especially point out the theoretical potential in which some of the isolated types of performance budgets are able to improve the quality of the system of planning and financing of public goods and services.
Reports on the topic "Financing from the budget"
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Wei, Gary, Emma Fan, and Anqian Huang. From Pandemic to Greater Resilience: Enhancing Disaster Risk Financing in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220090-2.
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The paper proposes five market-based parametric insurance pilot schemes to enhance the PRC’s public finance capacity for disaster risk response, to soften budget shocks, and to bolster long-term fiscal stability and resilience. The paper highlights the inadequacy of public finance instruments—such as fiscal reserves, contingent credit arrangements, and traditional indemnity insurance—to manage the contingent liabilities that disasters represent. It also discusses the effects of disasters on economies, societies, and global supply chains, particularly in the context of climate change.
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Flores, Herisadel. Strengthening the Financing of State Universities and Colleges: Challenges and Opportunities. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2025.15.
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State universities and colleges serve as critical pillars of higher education, human capital development, and technological innovation in the Philippines. As publicly funded institutions, they play a vital role in addressing educational disparities, fostering inclusive growth, and advancing research that contributes to national development. This study examines the funding approaches employed by SUCs, assessing their viability amid growing economic pressures and evolving policy landscapes. Traditionally, SUCs rely on direct government appropriations, supplemented by internally generated income from tuition fees, auxiliary services, and entrepreneurial ventures. However, financial constraints, regulatory barriers, and inefficient fund utilization hinder their capacity to achieve long-term sustainability. Drawing insights from international experiences, particularly from OECD and Southeast Asian economies, this study explores higher education financing models and various approaches implemented by public higher education institutions to diversify funding sources. While performance-based funding mechanisms and diversification strategies have gained traction globally, SUCs in the Philippines continue to face challenges in revenue generation due to limited financial autonomy, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and disparities in resource allocation. Government appropriations for SUCs remain unevenly distributed, with significant differences in budget allocation and development funding between institutions. Furthermore, reliance on state subsidies and SUCs’ inability to effectively pursue alternative financing strategies hinder infrastructure investment, research funding, and faculty development. To address these concerns, SUCs have implemented various initiatives, including income-generating projects, commercialization of intellectual property, and university-industry collaborations. However, these efforts have encountered difficulties due to a lack of institutional expertise, regulatory complexities, and insufficient investment from private sector stakeholders. The study highlights how financial autonomy, leadership strategies, and institutional governance affect SUCs' capacity to optimize funding opportunities while pursuing academic excellence. Lessons drawn from Southeast Asian experiences, such as Singapore’s model of funding public universities, Thailand’s policy of higher education decentralization, and Malaysia’s entrepreneurial university approach, offer valuable insights into strengthening SUC financing. Building on international trends and local challenges, this research outlines key policy recommendations for improving financial sustainability among Philippine SUCs. These include rationalizing tuition fees to create more equitable funding structures, expanding university-industry collaboration to boost external revenues, strengthening the commercialization of university-developed technologies, and reforming government budget allocation mechanisms to promote efficiency and innovation. Adopting a more strategic approach to financing can enhance the competitiveness of SUCs, improve higher education quality, and contribute more effectively to national development. A nuanced policy framework is therefore necessary to balance state support with institutional self-sufficiency and foster a robust higher education sector capable of meeting the demands of the global knowledge economy.
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Flores, Herisadel. Strengthening the Financing of State Universities and Colleges: Challenges and Opportunities. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2025.16.
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State universities and colleges serve as critical pillars of higher education, human capital development, and technological innovation in the Philippines. As publicly funded institutions, they play a vital role in addressing educational disparities, fostering inclusive growth, and advancing research that contributes to national development. This study examines the funding approaches employed by SUCs, assessing their viability amid growing economic pressures and evolving policy landscapes. Traditionally, SUCs rely on direct government appropriations, supplemented by internally generated income from tuition fees, auxiliary services, and entrepreneurial ventures. However, financial constraints, regulatory barriers, and inefficient fund utilization hinder their capacity to achieve long-term sustainability. Drawing insights from international experiences, particularly from OECD and Southeast Asian economies, this study explores higher education financing models and various approaches implemented by public higher education institutions to diversify funding sources. While performance-based funding mechanisms and diversification strategies have gained traction globally, SUCs in the Philippines continue to face challenges in revenue generation due to limited financial autonomy, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and disparities in resource allocation. Government appropriations for SUCs remain unevenly distributed, with significant differences in budget allocation and development funding between institutions. Furthermore, reliance on state subsidies and SUCs’ inability to effectively pursue alternative financing strategies hinder infrastructure investment, research funding, and faculty development. To address these concerns, SUCs have implemented various initiatives, including income-generating projects, commercialization of intellectual property, and university-industry collaborations. However, these efforts have encountered difficulties due to a lack of institutional expertise, regulatory complexities, and insufficient investment from private sector stakeholders. The study highlights how financial autonomy, leadership strategies, and institutional governance affect SUCs' capacity to optimize funding opportunities while pursuing academic excellence. Lessons drawn from Southeast Asian experiences, such as Singapore’s model of funding public universities, Thailand’s policy of higher education decentralization, and Malaysia’s entrepreneurial university approach, offer valuable insights into strengthening SUC financing. Building on international trends and local challenges, this research outlines key policy recommendations for improving financial sustainability among Philippine SUCs. These include rationalizing tuition fees to create more equitable funding structures, expanding university-industry collaboration to boost external revenues, strengthening the commercialization of university-developed technologies, and reforming government budget allocation mechanisms to promote efficiency and innovation. Adopting a more strategic approach to financing can enhance the competitiveness of SUCs, improve higher education quality, and contribute more effectively to national development. A nuanced policy framework is therefore necessary to balance state support with institutional self-sufficiency and foster a robust higher education sector capable of meeting the demands of the global knowledge economy.
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Nyirongo, Godwin, Chiya Mangwele, Hugh Bagnall-Oakeley, et al. Malawi Stories of Change in Nutrition: Funding for Nutrition. Save the Children, Civil Society Agriculture Network (CISANET), and Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.078.
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Malawi has strong policies and frameworks for nutrition but insufficient funding to implement them. Analyses of government budgets at national level and in 10 districts from financial years 2016/17 to 2022/23, found that domestic budget allocations for nutrition are still well below the 5% of national budget target set by the government. National budget allocations ranged between 0.5% to 3.7% depending on the year. At district level, they ranged from 0.2% to 1.6%, with only one district, in one financial year, exceeding the 1.5% target for district level nutrition budget allocations. Over 95% of nutrition activities in Malawi are currently funded by external donors. The absence of sufficient, consistent and dedicated domestic budget for nutrition at national and district level, means nutrition policies and plans will continue to be driven by, and dependent on, externally funded pilot-scale projects without national reach or ownership. Budget tracking is essential, as it provides data, which all actors can use to hold government to account on their commitments and funding targets.
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Fitzpatrick, Rachael. Evidence on the Impact of Population Growth on Education Financing and Provision in Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.072.
Full textAbstract:
Tanzania has made great strides in increasing enrolment rates amidst a rapidly growing population. However, despite gains made in primary enrolment, completion rates have not exceeded 70% in the past five years, and enrolment at secondary level remains low (37%). An analysis of expenditure suggests a lack of equitability in distribution of funds within the education sector. Having achieved near universal enrolment at primary level, since 2016 the Government of Tanzania has almost doubled spend on secondary education and increased spending on higher education. In the same period, however, spend per pupil at primary level has halved suggesting that budget is being directed away from pre-primary and primary education to fund secondary, with higher education slightly increasing. Furthermore, the Education Sector Analysis outlines that 35% of the education budget is spent on the top 10% highest educated in the system (Kahangwa et al. 2021, 168). In addition to disparities on spend by education level, regional differences persist in the number of classrooms, textbooks, desks and teacher shortages also exist. Despite current disparities and challenges, Tanzania’s economic growth in recent years suggests that, with increased commitment in minimum spending on education as a proportion of GDP, the education needs of the population could be met. However, this would assume continued economic growth and require a greater proportion of spend to be allocated to education, suggesting trade-offs may be required.
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Frisancho, Verónica, Alejandro Herrera, and Silvia Prina. Can a Budget Recording Tool Teach Financial Skills to Youth?: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Diaries Study. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003691.
Full textAbstract:
We study the impact of a mobile app to record daily financial transactions, coupled with enumerator monitoring visits every two weeks, on youths' investment in financial literacy and financial behavior. The treatment led to a positive and statistically significant effect on financial literacy scores and greater awareness of market prices. Youth in the treatment group experienced significant improvements in access to credit. These effects persist eight months after the intervention is over.
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Pizarro, Rodrigo, Raúl Delgado, Huáscar Eguino, and Aloisio Lopes Pereira. Climate Change Public Budget Tagging: Connections across Financial and Environmental Classification Systems. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003021.
Full textAbstract:
Identifying and evaluating climate expenditures in the public sector, known as budget tagging, has generated increasing attention from multiple stakeholders, not only to assess the governments climate change policy, but also to monitor fiscal risks associated with increasing and unpredictable climate change impacts. This paper explores the issues raised by climate change budget tagging in the context of a broader discussion on the connections with fiscal and environmental statistical classification systems. It argues that, for climate change budget tagging efforts to be successful, the definitions and classifications of climate change expenditures must be consistent with statistical standards currently in use, such as the Government Finance Statistics Framework and the System of National Accounts.
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Shukla, Gangadhar P., and Graham Glenday. Belize: A Review of Public Expenditures. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008744.
Full textAbstract:
This study undertakes a broad-based evaluation of public expenditures in Belize in order to identify ways of enhancing economic and social gains from public services. It reviews the budgeting and financial management systems used to translate public finances into public services, with a focus on social services that meet the needs and demands of the people of Belize. The study will show that although budget system and budget performance issues themselves yield a large menu of potential budget reforms, recent adverse macroeconomic developments in Belize arising out of persistent government deficits and debt build up currently dominate the government¿s financial and budgeting options and affect the choices that can be made in reforming the budget system. Some immediate problems facing the Belize economy are outlined.
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Santiso, Carlos, and Marco Varea. Strengthening the Capacities of Parliaments in the Budget Process. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008433.
Full textAbstract:
In the past decade, parliaments have shown increasing activism in the budget process by demanding more information about the government's performance in managing public resources. Nevertheless, in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), parliaments face important challenges, taking an effective part in the budget process and in fiscal policy management. Their capacity to influence budgetary matters and more generally fiscal policy and public financial management is hindered not only by the centralized nature of the budget process, but also by the lack of technical and institutional capacity of parliaments themselves to exercise their budgetary powers. This policy brief argues that the creation of parliamentary budget offices (PBOs) can help strengthen their effectiveness and accountability in budget processes. Several countries in the region have created or are considering creating this type of mechanism. These offices can help strengthen the parliament as a competent and constructive partner with the finance ministries and compensate for the legislature's limited technical capacity and credibility in budget matters through a series of effects, including reducing asymmetries in fiscal information; simplifying fiscal information and improving the quality of budget analysis; enabling a more constructive budget debate, and improving the alignment of incentives among government branches. This paper analyzes the conditions for creating and maintaining these offices, evaluates the effectiveness of such institutional changes, and weighs the lessons learned from recent experiences in various countries of the region. The conclusion is that parliaments can strengthen their impact on the budgeting process not necessarily by increasing their budgetary powers, but by improving their institutional capacity to exercise those powers more effectively and responsibly.
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Pysarenko, Tetiana, Svitlana Marynina, Tetiana Kvasha, Liliia Rozhkova, and Nataliia Shabranska. Key spending units of the state budget in technology transfer sphere activities’ results in 2023. State Scientific Institution «Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information», 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/978-966-479-143-1.
Full textAbstract:
The results of the research of activities in the sphere of technology transfer in 2023 based on data provided by the key spending units of the state budget are outlined in the scientific and analytical report. These results contain the analysis of the impact of activities in the sphere of technology transfer on the financial condition of enterprises, institutions and organizations in 2023 and directions of use of funds, received as a result of transfer of technologies, created at the expense of state budget funds. In order to assess the impact of technology transfer on the financial condition of enterprises, institutions and organizations, the following was made: the analysis of the dynamics of income under technology transfer agreements in terms of the key spending units of the state budget and by the forms of technology transfer in 2019-2023; the analysis of the expenditure structure according to the forms of agreements on the purchase of technologies and the expenditure structure for the material incentives for the authors of technologies and the persons who carried out the technology transfer. The data on changes in the amount of funds received as a result of transfer of technologies, created at the expense of the state budget and the directions of their use by enterprises, institutions and organizations of the key spending units of the state budget in 2014-2023 were generalized. In particular, the analysis of expenditures on the innovation activities development and technology transfer, payment of remuneration to the authors of technologies and/or their components under the technology transfer agreements, payment of remuneration to the persons who carried out technology transfer was done. As a result of processing the information, received from the key spending units of the state budget, the dynamics of use of the state budget funds was traced, which is an important and urgent task for the monitoring of technology transfer. The publication is intended for representatives of state authorities, researchers, engineering personnel, university lecturers, postgraduate students and students of relevant specialties.