Dissertations / Theses: 'Fine motor skills'

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Wann, John P. "The control of fine motor trajectories." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257665.

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Аврунін, О. Г., and K. G. Selivanova. "Computer system for testing of fine motor skills." Thesis, Полтава, 2016. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/10152.

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In this work computer system for testing of fine motor skills was developed. It includes PC, an interface device and data exchange, a digitizer high-resolution, which detects a position of a stylus when it is near a surface of the graphic tablet. In general form this system consists of a data input module, a test module, a data processing module, a data analysis module, an assessment module of development level fine motor skills

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Abousetta, V. "Mobile application for testing fine motor skills of children." Thesis, Graz, Austria, 2020. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/11681.

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The mobile application has been adapted for children enables develop fine motor skills by registering basic physical parameters during testing. The testing process on smartphone is execution different tasks with low-level and high-level complications - reiteration of the fingers of the trajectory of the object movements. In addition, the development of specialized tests based on the current performance of fine motor skills is an important scientific task.

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Allegretti, Elizabeth M. "Improving kindergarten students' fine motor skills through art-based occupational therapy interventions /." View abstract, 2000. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1578.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2000.
Thesis advisor: Cassandra Broadus-Garcia. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Art Education." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-103).

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Squillace, Mary. "Fine Motor Skills and the Occupations of Young Adults with Multiple Sclerosis." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/62.

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Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases affecting adults of working age, and those of younger ages of onset have been increasingly recognized. Twenty-seven percent of people with MS (PwMS) are age 30 years old or younger. The burden of MS for young adults puts them at risk for poorer outcomes regarding their education, family planning, vocation, and social skills as they transition to adulthood. Fine motor (FM) skill impairment might impede performance within the daily occupations of young adults who are transitioning into adulthood. Few studies focus on the occupations and occupational performance of younger adults with MS. Method: Forty participants with MS between the ages of 18 to 30 were recruited to participate in a study. Two standardized measures were used to identify possible FM dexterity deficits and one standardized self-report was used to measure the perceived satisfaction and performance of occupations for this population. A semi-structured interview was conducted with a subgroup of 18 participants to understand the lived experiences of young adults with MS (YAwMS) and their FM performance during their occupations. Results: With quantitative and qualitative analysis, a relationship was suggested between FM scores and both perceived performance and satisfaction scores of an adapted performance measure. Conclusion: Young adults with MS perceive difficulties with occupations that are influenced by their FM status. It is recommended that occupational therapy professionals consider the motor skill needed to perform and complete occupations that specifically require FM skills.

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Flynn, Allison R. B. S. "The Relationship among Oral Motor, Fine Motor, Simple, and Complex Speech Skills in Childhood Apraxia of Speech." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306500102.

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Booth, Paula. "The effect of water consumption on schoolchildren's fine motor skills, cognitive function and mood." Thesis, University of East London, 2015. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5017/.

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Previous research has suggested that dehydration may have a negative effect on some aspects of mood, cognitive performance and motor skills (Benton, 2011). Furthermore, a large proportion of children arrive at school in a dehydrated state (Baron, Courbebaisse, Lepicard, & Friedlander, 2015). The present work investigated whether supplementing children with water may, as a consequence of reducing dehydration, improve their cognitive performance and motor skills. In studies 1, 2, 3 and 5, it was found that tasks that predominantly tested motor skills, were improved in children who had a drink, compared to those who did not. Furthermore, study 3 showed that this effect was moderated by hydration status. One theoretical explanation for the poorer performance of dehydrated children is that they may lack the neurological resources to sustain their effort and thus performance does not improve over time. In support of this, these studies showed that, when re-hydrated, performance on these tasks improves to the level of non-dehydrated children. Study 2 showed that the number of errors increased in a StopSignal task in children that had high self-rated levels of thirst, compared to low levels: and hydration status did not moderate this effect. A possible explanation for the increased number of errors in children with high self-rated thirst is that the thirst sensation diverts attention away from the task, causing task performance to deteriorate. In study 4, it was observed that there was a large variation in intra-individual and inter-individual hydration scores throughout the day, which was not related to volume drank or levels of thirst. Further studies should use imaging techniques to study brain activity during dehydration and rehydration, and during periods of high thirst, to help to further elucidate the mechanism underlying the negative effect of dehydration on motor performance, and the effect of self-rated thirst on attention.

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McAlpine, Estelle. "Fine motor skills in Afrikaans speaking primary school children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2051.

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Thesis (M.A. (Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2004.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether poor motor skills are associated with ADHD. Afrikaans speaking primary school children were screened for ADHD with the Disruptive Behaviour Disorder scale (DBD). They were matched for gender and age with a normal group without ADHD symptoms. The children (31 ADHD and 31 Controls) were assessed for fine motor skills on three instruments: the Grooved pegboard, Maze co ordination and Finger tapping tests. To some degree all three tests of fine motor skills revealed poorer performances in the ADHD group than in the normal group. The finger tapping test showed the least discrimination between the groups. The girls performed significantly poorer on all tests. There were statistically significant effects of hand dominance. Results show that tests for fine motor skills discriminate between children with ADHD and normal comparisons. These results appear to support the hypothesis that poor motor skills are associated with ADHD.

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Webber, Ann Louise. "The effect of Amblyopia on motor and psychosocial skills in children." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30211/1/Ann_Webber_Thesis.pdf.

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Background/Aims: In an investigation of the functional impact of amblyopia on children, the fine motor skills, perceived self-esteem and eye movements of amblyopic children were compared with that of age-matched controls. The influence of amblyogenic condition or treatment factors that might predict any decrement in outcome measures was investigated. The relationship between indirect measures of eye movements that are used clinically and eye movement characteristics recorded during reading was examined and the relevance of proficiency in fine motor skills to performance on standardised educational tests was explored in a sub-group of the control children. Methods: Children with amblyopia (n=82; age 8.2 ± 1.3 years) from differing causes (infantile esotropia n=17, acquired strabismus n=28, anisometropia n=15, mixed n=13 and deprivation n=9), and a control group of children (n=106; age 9.5 ± 1.2 years) participated in this study. Measures of visual function included monocular logMAR visual acuity (VA) and stereopsis assessed with the Randot Preschool Stereoacuity test, while fine motor skills were measured using the Visual-Motor Control (VMC) and Upper Limb Speed and Dexterity (ULSD) subtests of the Brunicks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Perceived self esteem was assessed for those children from grade 3 school level with the Harter Self Perception Profile for Children and for those in younger grades (preschool to grade 2) with the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Acceptance for Young Children. A clinical measure of eye movements was made with the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test for those children aged eight years and above. For appropriate case-control comparison of data, the results from amblyopic children were compared with age-matched sub-samples drawn from the group of children with normal vision who completed the tests. Eye movements during reading for comprehension were recorded by the Visagraph infra-red recording system and results of standardised tests of educational performance were also obtained for a sub-set of the control group. Results Amblyopic children (n=82; age 8.2 ± 1.7 years) performed significantly poorer than age-matched control children (n=37; age 8.3 ± 1.3 years) on 9 of 16 fine motor skills sub-items and for the overall age-standardised scores for both VMC and ULSD items (p<0.05); differences were most evident on timed manual dexterity tasks. The underlying aetiology of amblyopia and level of stereoacuity significantly affected fine motor skill performance on both items. However, when examined in a multiple regression model that took into account the inter-correlation between visual characteristics, poorer fine motor skills performance was only associated with strabismus (F1,75 = 5.428; p =0. 022), and not with the level of stereoacuity, refractive error or visual acuity in either eye. Amblyopic children from grade 3 school level and above (n=47; age 9.2 ± 1.3 years), particularly those with acquired strabismus, had significantly lower social acceptance scores than age-matched control children (n=52; age 9.4 ± 0.5 years) (F(5,93) = 3.14; p = 0.012). However, the scores of the amblyopic children were not significantly different to controls for other areas related to self-esteem, including scholastic competence, physical appearance, athletic competence, behavioural conduct and global self worth. A lower social acceptance score was independently associated with a history of treatment with patching but not with a history of strabismus or wearing glasses. Amblyopic children from pre-school to grade 2 school level (n=29; age = 6.6 ± 0.6 years) had similar self-perception scores to their age-matched peers (n=20; age = 6.4 ± 0.5 years). There were no significant differences between the amblyopic (n=39; age 9.1 ± 0.9 years) and age-matched control (n = 42; age = 9.3 ± 0.38 years) groups for any of the DEM outcome measures (Vertical Time, Horizontal Time, Number of Errors and Ratio (Horizontal time/Vertical time)). Performance on the DEM did not significantly relate to measures of VA in either eye, level of binocular function, history of strabismus or refractive error. Developmental Eye Movement test outcome measures Horizontal Time and Vertical Time were significantly correlated with reading rates measured by the Visagraph for both reading for comprehension and naming numbers (r>0.5). Some moderate correlations were also seen between the DEM Ratio and word reading rates as recorded by Visagraph (r=0.37). In children with normal vision, academic scores in mathematics, spelling and reading were associated with measures of fine motor skills. Strongest effect sizes were seen with the timed manual dexterity domain, Upper Limb Speed and Dexterity. Conclusions Amblyopia may have a negative impact on a child’s fine motor skills and an older child’s sense of acceptance by their peers may be influenced by treatment that includes eye patching. Clinical measures of eye movements were not affected in amblyopic children. A number of the outcome measures of the DEM are associated with objective recordings of reading rates, supporting its clinical use for identification of children with slower reading rates. In children with normal vision, proficiency on clinical measures of fine motor skill are associated with outcomes on standardised measures of educational performance. Scores on timed manual dexterity tasks had the strongest association with educational performance. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that, in addition to the reduction in visual acuity and binocular function that define the condition, amblyopes have functional impairment in childhood development skills that underlie proficiency in everyday activities. The study provides support for strategies aimed at early identification and remediation of amblyopia and the co-morbidities that arise from abnormal visual neurodevelopment.

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10

Webber, Ann Louise. "The effect of Amblyopia on motor and psychosocial skills in children." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30211/.

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Background/Aims: In an investigation of the functional impact of amblyopia on children, the fine motor skills, perceived self-esteem and eye movements of amblyopic children were compared with that of age-matched controls. The influence of amblyogenic condition or treatment factors that might predict any decrement in outcome measures was investigated. The relationship between indirect measures of eye movements that are used clinically and eye movement characteristics recorded during reading was examined and the relevance of proficiency in fine motor skills to performance on standardised educational tests was explored in a sub-group of the control children. Methods: Children with amblyopia (n=82; age 8.2 ± 1.3 years) from differing causes (infantile esotropia n=17, acquired strabismus n=28, anisometropia n=15, mixed n=13 and deprivation n=9), and a control group of children (n=106; age 9.5 ± 1.2 years) participated in this study. Measures of visual function included monocular logMAR visual acuity (VA) and stereopsis assessed with the Randot Preschool Stereoacuity test, while fine motor skills were measured using the Visual-Motor Control (VMC) and Upper Limb Speed and Dexterity (ULSD) subtests of the Brunicks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Perceived self esteem was assessed for those children from grade 3 school level with the Harter Self Perception Profile for Children and for those in younger grades (preschool to grade 2) with the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Acceptance for Young Children. A clinical measure of eye movements was made with the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test for those children aged eight years and above. For appropriate case-control comparison of data, the results from amblyopic children were compared with age-matched sub-samples drawn from the group of children with normal vision who completed the tests. Eye movements during reading for comprehension were recorded by the Visagraph infra-red recording system and results of standardised tests of educational performance were also obtained for a sub-set of the control group. Results Amblyopic children (n=82; age 8.2 ± 1.7 years) performed significantly poorer than age-matched control children (n=37; age 8.3 ± 1.3 years) on 9 of 16 fine motor skills sub-items and for the overall age-standardised scores for both VMC and ULSD items (p<0.05); differences were most evident on timed manual dexterity tasks. The underlying aetiology of amblyopia and level of stereoacuity significantly affected fine motor skill performance on both items. However, when examined in a multiple regression model that took into account the inter-correlation between visual characteristics, poorer fine motor skills performance was only associated with strabismus (F1,75 = 5.428; p =0. 022), and not with the level of stereoacuity, refractive error or visual acuity in either eye. Amblyopic children from grade 3 school level and above (n=47; age 9.2 ± 1.3 years), particularly those with acquired strabismus, had significantly lower social acceptance scores than age-matched control children (n=52; age 9.4 ± 0.5 years) (F(5,93) = 3.14; p = 0.012). However, the scores of the amblyopic children were not significantly different to controls for other areas related to self-esteem, including scholastic competence, physical appearance, athletic competence, behavioural conduct and global self worth. A lower social acceptance score was independently associated with a history of treatment with patching but not with a history of strabismus or wearing glasses. Amblyopic children from pre-school to grade 2 school level (n=29; age = 6.6 ± 0.6 years) had similar self-perception scores to their age-matched peers (n=20; age = 6.4 ± 0.5 years). There were no significant differences between the amblyopic (n=39; age 9.1 ± 0.9 years) and age-matched control (n = 42; age = 9.3 ± 0.38 years) groups for any of the DEM outcome measures (Vertical Time, Horizontal Time, Number of Errors and Ratio (Horizontal time/Vertical time)). Performance on the DEM did not significantly relate to measures of VA in either eye, level of binocular function, history of strabismus or refractive error. Developmental Eye Movement test outcome measures Horizontal Time and Vertical Time were significantly correlated with reading rates measured by the Visagraph for both reading for comprehension and naming numbers (r>0.5). Some moderate correlations were also seen between the DEM Ratio and word reading rates as recorded by Visagraph (r=0.37). In children with normal vision, academic scores in mathematics, spelling and reading were associated with measures of fine motor skills. Strongest effect sizes were seen with the timed manual dexterity domain, Upper Limb Speed and Dexterity. Conclusions Amblyopia may have a negative impact on a child’s fine motor skills and an older child’s sense of acceptance by their peers may be influenced by treatment that includes eye patching. Clinical measures of eye movements were not affected in amblyopic children. A number of the outcome measures of the DEM are associated with objective recordings of reading rates, supporting its clinical use for identification of children with slower reading rates. In children with normal vision, proficiency on clinical measures of fine motor skill are associated with outcomes on standardised measures of educational performance. Scores on timed manual dexterity tasks had the strongest association with educational performance. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that, in addition to the reduction in visual acuity and binocular function that define the condition, amblyopes have functional impairment in childhood development skills that underlie proficiency in everyday activities. The study provides support for strategies aimed at early identification and remediation of amblyopia and the co-morbidities that arise from abnormal visual neurodevelopment.

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Andersen, Mark Bille. "Psychosocial factors and changes in peripheral vision, muscle tension, and fine motor skills during stress." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184446.

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A theoretical model of stress and athletic injury is presented. The purpose of the dissertation is to propose a comprehensive framework of the stress-injury relationship that includes cognitive, physiological, attentional, behavioral, intrapersonal, social, and stress history variables. Development of the model grew from a synthesis of the stress-illness, stress-accident, and stress-injury literatures. The model and its resulting hypotheses offer a framework for many avenues of research into the nature of injury and reduction of injury risk. Other advantages of the model are that it addresses possible mechanisms behind the stress-injury relationship and it suggests several specific interventions that may help diminish the likelihood of injury. The model also has the potential to be applied to the investigation of injury and accident occurrence in general. A portion of the model is then tested experimentally. Personality, stress, and coping resource variables are used to predict changes in peripheral vision, general muscle tension, heart rate, state anxiety, and fine motor skill (a hand steadiness task) from baseline to stress condition (a dual-task paradigm with noise as an added stressor). There were significant decreases in peripheral vision and hand steadiness accompanied by significant increases in state anxiety and heart rate from baseline to stress conditions. The only significant predictor variable for peripheral vision changes was negative life events. Subjects with high negative life events ratings had greater peripheral vision deficits during stress than subjects who rated low on negative life events. For increases in state anxiety only the self report of how the subject experienced the stress condition was significant. Subjects who rated the stress condition as stressful had greater state anxiety increases than subjects who rated the stress condition as challenging. The results are discussed in terms of future directions for stress-injury research.

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Salivia, Guarionex Jordan. "Assistive strategies for people with fine motor skills impairments based on an analysis of sub-movements." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3378.

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Four studies describe the pointing performance of individuals with fine motor skills impairments. First, we describe the pointing performance of two individuals with Parkinsons disease via a sub-movement analysis and compare them with similar results found in the literature from young children and older able-bodied adults. The analysis suggests the need of an individual assessment of pointing difficulties and the personalization of the methods of assistance and motivates sub-sequent studies. Two experiments followed where we tested PointAssist, software that assists in pointing tasks by detecting difficulty through a sub-movement analysis and triggering help, with adjustments proposed to personalize the assistance provided. A within-subjects study with sixteen individuals with fine motor skills impairments resulted in statistically significant effects on accuracy using Friedman's test with (χχ/sup>(1) = 6.4, p = .011) in favor of personalized PointAssist. A five week longitudinal study with three participants with Cerebral Palsy and other fine motor skills impairments shows the long term effects of PointAssist. The longitudinal study logged real-world use of pointing devices validating the results for real-world interactions. PointAssist had statistically significant effect of reduced sub-movement length and speed with p < .00001 and p < .0002 respectively for one of the participants. These results suggest better motor control near a target and statistically significant results on the sub-movement duration confirmed this. Finally, we designed, developed and tested a new assistive technology for individuals with severe motor skills impairments that we call the Reverse Funnel. Three participants, two with Cerebral Palsy and one with an undisclosed disability, participated and positive early results are presented as well as future developments of the newly developed strategy.

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Fingerhut, Patricia Elizabeth. "Construct validity, a preliminary comparison of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale - Fine Motor and the School Version of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60120.pdf.

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Stenqvist, Sophie. "Har finmotorisk utveckling betydelse vid skrivundervisningen? : En studie om skrivundervisning och synen på finmotorik i åk 1-3." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43240.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the teacher's approach to writing instruction and their view of fine motor development and fine motor difficulties for students in grades 1-3. By comparing a selection of teachers’ approaches to writing tuition and fine motor skills, with previous research it expects to gain a deeper understanding of the objective. In the study, qualitative semi-structured interviews and participant observation was used as a method. These interviews and observations were made with seven active Swedish teachers in grades 1-3. This gives an insight into teachers' views on fine motor skills and education, as well as how they see the adjustment of the writing instruction to students with fine motor difficulties. The results show that most of the teachers who participated in the study linked fine motor difficulties to the way students holding a pencil, as well as how they shape the letters. Most of the teachers say that they don´t practice fine motor exercises in the classroom, although the results shows that often it is done unconsciously. The first letter of the learning takes place mostly from a formal perspective. In most cases, when the first letter of the learning process is complete, the writing instruction, to some extent, starts from a functional perspective.
Sammanfattning Syftet med denna studie är att få en fördjupad förståelse för lärares förhållningssätt till skrivundervisning och deras syn på finmotorisk utveckling och finmotoriska svårigheter hos elever i årskurs 1-3. Genom att jämföra ett urval lärares förhållningssätt till skrivundervisning och finmotorik samt att jämföra detta med tidigare forskning förväntas en fördjupad förståelse för syftet att införskaffas. I studien har kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer och deltagande observationer använts som metod. Dessa intervjuer samt observationer har skett med sju verksamma svensklärare i årskurs 1-3. Detta ger en inblick i lärarnas syn på finmotorik och skrivundervisning samt hur de ser på anpassning av skrivundervisning till elever med finmotoriska svårigheter. Resultatet visar att de flesta lärare som medverkat i studien kopplar finmotoriska svårigheter till hur eleverna håller i en penna och hur de formar bokstäver. Några uttalade finmotoriska övningar sker inte i klassrummet, ändå sker dessa övningar många gånger, men då omedvetet. Den första bokstavsinlärningen visar sig till största del ske utifrån ett formellt perspektiv. När den första bokstavsinlärningen är färdig så övergår skrivundervisningen, i de flesta fall, även med utgångspunkt ur ett funktionellt perspektiv.

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Doney, Robyn Michelle. "Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Fine Motor Skills: A Population-based Study of Children in the Fitzroy Valley." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/68291.

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Fine motor skills of 108 predominantly Aboriginal children in the remote Fitzroy Valley of Western Australia were evaluated as part of a population-prevalence study on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Children with FASD were more likely to have poorer handwriting, fine motor skills, and visual-motor integration than children without prenatal alcohol exposure. These novel findings will inform the FASD assessment and diagnostic process and guide therapeutic and service needs.

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Dimitrova, Valeria. "From Music to Medicine: Transfer of Motor Skills from Piano Performance to Laparoscopic Surgery." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42457.

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Background: Due to the deficit of knowledge on fine motor skill far transfer from one domain of expertise to another, piano performance and surgical training serve as a relevant, interdisciplinary context in which to study the transfer of motor skills given both have relatively well-established levels of performance and require complex fine motor skills. Musicians tend to demonstrate greater ease in all aspects of procedural knowledge which are known to contribute to the early stages of motor learning. Previous research in the Piano Pedagogy Research Laboratory (PPRL) found that extensive piano training was correlated with faster learning of surgical knot-tying skills. However, the short-term two-day timeline was a limitation of the study. Objective: Our project has built on previous work in the PPRL to address the short-term nature of previous studies by measuring a long-term performance curve as well as retention of surgical training and also expanded on the previous project by focussing this time on laparoscopic tasks. This study compared performance curves of two participant groups (pianists and controls) over five consecutive days and retention one week later, as measured by speed and accuracy of task completion. Laparoscopic training consisted of six tasks repeated at every session. Since laparoscopy involves a variety of abilities concurrently, we also administered a battery of ten psychometric tests to isolate and measure specific aspects of non-motor and fine motor skills. Results: There was no statistical difference between participant groups on the majority of laparoscopic training and psychomotor assessments based on two-way mixed ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test analysis, respectively. There were also little to no significant correlations between abilities and laparoscopic performance. The only significant confounding variable was that the control group was significantly more interested in surgery than the musician group (p = .037). Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrate that piano performance training did not far transfer to laparoscopic surgery. This is relevant to the debate on far transfer of motor skills given this study’s robust design which addressed previous shortcomings by including a longer timeline and more specifications of musicians’ characteristics. Our findings indicate that fine motor skills are domain specific to music and surgery, respectively.

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Bekker, Belia Margaretha. "A Comparison between five and six year old grade 1 children regarding their readiness for acquiring handwriting skills." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40711.

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This study evolved because of the researcher’s need to inquire whether visualmotor integration and fine motor coordination contribute to a child’s readiness to acquire handwriting skills. As school-going age is a controversial topic in the South- African context, the researcher set out to compare the readiness to acquire handwriting skills between two groups of Grade 1 children. This study was developed to determine whether a relationship existed between visual-motor integration and fine motor coordination as part of handwriting readiness, and acquiring handwriting skills in two age groups namely five-year-old children and six-year-old children. Initially the characteristics of the two age groups were determined. This was followed by establishing the level of development for visual-motor integration, fine motor coordination and handwriting skills in both age groups as well as comparing the levels of development. The abovementioned was obtained through the Miller Function and Participation Scales en the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment. Lastly, the scores for visual-motor integration and fine motor integration were correlated to the six categories of the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment. Both age groups presented with overall age appropriate abilities in visual-motor integration and fine motor coordination. The six-year-old group did better on all six of the categories for handwriting in the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment when compared to the five-year-old group. There was a significant difference (p=0.0049) between the visual-motor integration scores between the two age groups. No significant difference between the two age groups was recorded in fine motor coordination. A significant negative correlation was detected between visual-motor integration and the categories of legibility (r=-0.4029), form (r=-0.4300), size (r=-0.4087) and spacing (r=-0.3832) in the five-year-old group. The six-year-old group presented with a strong negative correlation between visual-motor integration and the category of rate (r=-0.3930). When correlating the fine motor coordination score with the categories of the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment, a strong negative correlation was detected with the categories of legibility (r=-0.3850) and spacing (r=-0.4697) in the five-yearold group. The six-year-old group did not present with significant correlations between fine motor coordination and the six categories of the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment. This study confirmed that a relationship exists between visual-motor integration, fine motor integration and handwriting skills. This relationship was not always clear and was influenced by different aspects such as age, maturity as well as the assessment instruments used. This study focused on only one district in Tshwane, which limited the data. The two age groups in this study were not matched for gender, ethnicity and handedness.
Dissertation (MOccTher)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Occupational Therapy
unrestricted

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Baltraitis, Tadas. "Ergoterapijos įtaka ligonių, persirgusių galvos smegenų infarktu, smulkiosios motorikos lavėjimui ankstyvuoju reabilitacijos laikotarpiu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080619_133123-92341.

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Insultas – ūminis fokalinis galvos smegenų ar tinklainės kraujotakos nepakankamumas, pasireiškiantis židininiais neurologiniais simptomais, trunkančiais ilgiau kaip 24 valandas [9]. Insultas yra ne tik didelė socialinė, bet ir ekonominė problema. Išsivysčiusių šalių duomenimis, 50% persirgusių insultu žmonių lieka laikinai arba nuolat neįgalūs, apie 10% reikia slaugos ir tik 20% ligonių vėl būna darbingi [4]. Ergoterapijos taikymas, atsižvelgiant į vyraujančius veiklos sutrikimus, yra neatskiriama kompleksinės reabilitacijos dalis. Ergoterapeutas yra reabilitacijos komandos narys, todėl nuolat konsultuodamasis su kitais jos nariais gali parinkti tinkamas ligoniui ergoterapijos priemones bei metodiką [7]. Apibendrinant literatūros duomenis galima pasakyti, kad ankstyvas ir kartojamas rankos aktyvinimas lėmė kliniškai svarbų, ilgai išliekantį poveikį. Ligoniai po GSI turėtų būti drąsinami, skatinami intensyviai lavinti pažeistą ranką [22]. Tyrimas buvo atliktas Apskrities ligoninės ir Kauno antros klinikinės ligoninės fizinės medicinos ir reabilitacijos poskyriuose. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 ligonių, patyrusių galvos smegenų infarktą, iš jų 11 (37%) vyrų ir 19 (63%) moterų. Ligonių amžiaus vidurkis – 70,5 ± 1,7 metų. Vyrų amžiaus vidurkis buvo 63,6 ± 2,9 metų, moterų amžiaus vidurkis buvo 74,5 ± 1,5 metų. Visiems tyrime dalyvavusiems ligoniams buvo nustatytas smulkiosios motorikos sutrikimas. Ligoniai buvo atrinkti naudojant ergoterapeuto apklausos anketą, kurią sudarė 10 užduočių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Stroke is sudden deficiency of blood circulation in brain that shows itself in focal neurological symptoms lasting more than 24 hours [9]. Stroke is not only social but and economic problem. Due to economicaly developed countrys data approximately 50% patients after stroke statys disabled temporary or for a life time, 10% needs nursing and only 20% patients can work again [4]. Occupational therapy is a inseperable part of rehabilitation. Occupational therapist is a member of a rehabilitation team therefore by consulting with other team member he can choose the best devices and methodics for the patient [7]. In concluding the literature it should be said that early and repetitive activation of the hand can cause clinicaly important and long lasting effect. Patients after stroke should be encouraged to train the affected arm [22]. This research was accomplished at District hospital and 2-nd Kaunas clinical hospital corporal medical department. There were tested 30 patients: 11 (37%) men and 19 (63%) women. The patients age average was – 70,5 ± 1,7 years. Mens age average was 63,6 ± 2,9 years and womens age average was – 74,5 ± 1,5 years. All patients who took part in this research were right-habded and had disorder of fine motor skills. For this research patients were screened by using a questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of 10 tasks which helped occupational therapist to assess fine motor skills. The assessment of fine motor skills was done when the patients... [to full text]

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Coppede, Aline Cirelli. "Motricidade fina na criança: um estudo bibliométrico da literatura nacional e internacional." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6862.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Fine motor coordination is essential to the intellectual and psychomotor development of a child. The use fine motor skills to manipulate objects and perform functional needs plays a vital role in child development and participation in activities of daily living. Therefore, difficulties in fine motor skills affect school performance and undermine the child s self-esteem and the sense of competence. The objective of this study was to describe how is configured the scientific field of fine motor skills in children national and international databases. In addition, aimed at specifics to analyze the scientific parameters in bibliometric, mapping scientific production within the fine motor components related to body function, participation in activities and environmental factors. The methodology used was bibliometric analysis of the studies recovered on the databases national and international, Banco de teses da CAPES, BVS, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The methodological procedures of the study were divided into the following steps: Step 1 - Review of the literature on Human development, Child Development Motor, Occupational Therapy and Information Science, Step 2 - Data collection and systematization of data; Step 3 - Bibliometric analysis: organization and processing of bibliometric studies collected using the Vantage Point software for bibliometric analysis and MS Excel for graphing and tables for data presentation; Step 4 - Description and analysis of results, recovering the concepts exposed in the theoretical framework on which to base analysis and interpretation of data obtained. At the end of the tudy produced the following bibliometric indicators: the Banco de Teses da Capes the year of greatest production was 2002; the gender of the authors and supervisors who emphasize was the female; the formation of the majority of authors in the field of Physical Education and Physiotherapy; most studies are at Master's level; The University has more studies in the area is UDESC, in the program graduate of Human Movement Science; the funding agency that funds most work is the CAPES; majority of studies are descriptive; the scale is the most used is EDM (Rosa Neto, 2002), the theme more approached is Motor Development; and the studies perspectives have focused functions and structures of the body. Regarding the databases BVS, ScienceDirect and Scopus, the publications have grown over the years, especially 2010; with most records are of collective authorship; the formation of the authors is in Occupational Therapy (33%), Physiotherapy ( 19%) and Physical Education (15%); the predominant language is English; in BVS in the country that indexes articles is Brazil; ScienceDirect and Scopus is in the U.S.; Periodicals that stood out in the BVS was Journal Themes About the Developing; ScienceDirect was Human Movement Science, and the Scopus were Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (8%), American Journal of OccupationalTherapy (7%) and Physical and Occupational Therapy Pediatrics (5%); and the perspectives of studies have recovered the subject of fine motor anchored in the concepts of structure and functions of the body in three bases (56% - BVS, 69% - ScienceDirect, 71% Scopus); most studies are crosssectional nature (94%) and descriptive (81%); the topics most discussed were: fine motor skills (75%), motor development (35%) children (28%), preschool (27 %) and rating scales (21%); the data collection instruments more used in the articles were tests of fine motor skills not standardized (22%), followed by Scale Peabody (12%), test of motor proficiency of Bruininks-Oseretsky (7%) and M-ABC (7 %); identifies the subject of fine motor related especially with motor development (7%), autism (5%), prematurity (5%) and school context (5%).
A coordenação motora fina é essencial para o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e intelectual da criança. Usar a motricidade fina para manipular objetos e realizar necessidades funcionais desempenha papel vital no desenvolvimento infantil e na participação das atividades de vida diária, assim dificuldades na motricidade fina afetam o desempenho escolar, influenciando negativamente a auto-estima e o senso de competência da criança. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi descrever como se configura o campo científico da Motricidade Fina em crianças nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Além disso, teve como objetivos específicos analisar a produção científica sob parâmetros bibliométricos, mapeando a produção científica da motricidade fina dentro dos componentes relacionados à função do corpo, a participação em atividades e aos fatores ambientais. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos recuperados nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, Banco de Teses da CAPES, BVS, ScienceDirect e Scopus. Os procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa foram divididos nas seguintes em etapas: Etapa 1 Revisão de literatura sobre Desenvolvimento Humano, Desenvolvimento Motor Infantil, Terapia Ocupacional e Ciência da Informação; Etapa 2 Coleta de dados e sistematização dos dados; Etapa 3 - Análise bibliométrica: organização e tratamento bibliométrico dos registros coletados utilizando os softwares Vantage Point para análise bibliométrica e MS Excel para elaboração de gráficos e tabelas para apresentação dos dados; Etapa 4 - Descrição e analise dos resultados, recuperando-se os conceitos expostos no referencial teórico para fundamentar as análises e interpretações dos dados obtidos. Ao final da pesquisa produziram-se os seguintes indicadores bibliométricos: no Banco de Teses da Capes o ano de maior produção foi 2002; o gênero dos autores e orientadores que se destacou foi o feminino; a formação da maioria dos autores é na área de Educação Física e Fisioterapia; a maioria dos trabalhos são de nível de mestrado; a Universidade que mais tem trabalhos na área é a UDESC, no programa de pós-graduação de Ciência do Movimento Humano; a agência de fomento que mais financia os trabalhos é a CAPES; grande parte dos trabalhos são descritivos; a escala mais utilizada é a EDM (Rosa Neto, 2002); a temática mais abordada é sobre Desenvolvimento Motor e os trabalhos apresentam perspectivas direcionadas as funções e estruturas do corpo. Com relação as bases de dados da BVS, ScienceDirect e Scopus, as publicações cresceram ao longo dos anos, com destaque para 2010; a maioria dos registros são de autoria coletiva; a formação dos autores é em Terapia Ocupacional (33%), Fisioterapia (19%) e Educação Física (15%); o idioma predominante é o inglês; na BVS o país que mais indexa artigos é o Brasil; na ScienceDirect e Scopus é os EUA; os periódicos que mais se destacaram na BVS foi a Revista Temas Sobre desenvolvimento; na ScienceDirect foi a Human Movement Science; e na Scopus foram os periódicos Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (8%), American Journal of Occupational Therapy (7%) e o Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics (5%); as perspectivas dos estudos recuperados apresentam o tema da motricidade fina ancorado nas concepções de estrutura e funções do corpo nas três bases (56% - BVS; 69% - ScienceDirect; 71% - Scopus); a maioria dos estudos são de caráter transversal (94%), e descritivo (81%); as temáticas mais abordadas foram: coordenação motora fina (75%), desenvolvimento motor (35%), crianças (28%), pré-escolares (27%) e escalas de avaliação (21%); os instrumentos de coleta de dados mais utilizados nos artigos recuperados foram testes de habilidade motoras finas não padronizados (22%), seguido da Escala Peabody (12%), teste de Proficiência Motora de Bruininks-Oseretsky (7%) e a M-ABC (7%); identifica-se o tema da motricidade fina relacionado principalmente com o desenvolvimento motor (7%), autismo (5%), prematuridade (5%) e contexto escolar (5%).

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Espíndola, Janine Aryadine. "Avaliação das tarefas de coordenação óculo-manuais de motricidade fina de baterias motoras e desempenho escolar." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/322.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the coordination tasks oculus manual fine motor of different motor batteries in students with 9 years old of both sexes and make possible associations of the scores of those tasks with school performance. Method: The motor tasks used in the study were: placing pins, passing the cord and track bike (MABC-2), draw a line through the route circle copy, copy overlapping figures, distribution of cards (BOTMP-2) line vertical, horizontal and diagonal (Moska). The TDE was used to evaluate the academic performance of students. Data were tabulated and analyzed in StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for Windows. First we performed the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test for samples with n> 50 to verify the normality of the data. Then descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum). The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. In the course held inferential statistics in order to look for associations between tasks and TDE, using Pearson correlation for parametric data and Spearman for nonparametric data. Results: The results regarding the systematic review showed that the most widely used instruments to assess the children motor performance is the MABC, MABC-2 and BOTMP-2. Regarding the results of eye-manual tasks of fine motor skills of motor batteries, only the task of distributing letters obtained a good distribution for both the general and stratified by sex. The evaluation of school performance data showed an incidence of 16.6% indicative of the difficulty of general learning, and reading showed the highest level of difficulty among children (23.2%). There was no difference between male and female in any of the subtests and not the overall performance. Regarding the association of coordination tasks oculus manual fine motor in association with school performance, the task of distributing letters with the strongest correlation with the same, and the children who performed better on the task also obtained a better score in all subtests of TDE. Conclusion: The results of the systematic review showed that the validated and most widely used to assess the children motor performance instruments are: the MABC, MABC-2, BOTMP-2 and VMI-5. Regarding the evaluation results of motor tasks, only the letters distribution task BOTMP-2 had a good spread, discriminating children more skilled. The association of motor tasks with the Academic Performance Test showed that children who had higher scores on motor tasks were those who had better grades in all subtests of TDE.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as tarefas de coordenação óculo manuais de motricidade fina de diferentes baterias motoras em escolares com 9 anos de idade de ambos os sexos e realizar possíveis associações dos escores dessas tarefas com o desempenho escolar. Método: As tarefas motoras utilizadas no estudo foram: colocando pinos, passando o cordão e trilha da bicicleta (MABC-2), desenhar uma linha através do percurso, copiar círculo, copiar figuras sobrepostas, distribuição de cartas (BOTMP-2), linha vertical, horizontal e diagonal (MOSKA). O TDE foi utilizado para avaliar o desempenho escolar dos alunos. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados no StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 for Windows. Primeiramente foi realizado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnoff para amostras com n>50 para verificação da normalidade dos dados. Em seguida, estatística descritiva (média, mediana, desvio-padrão, mínimo e máximo). O nível de significância adotado foi de p≤0,05. No decorrer realizou-se estatística inferencial com objetivo de buscar associações entre as tarefas e o TDE, utilizando correlação de Pearson para dados paramétricos ou Spearman para dados não paramétricos. Resultados: Os resultados em relação a revisão sistemática mostrou que os instrumentos mais utilizados atualmente para se avaliar o desempenho motor de crianças é o MABC, MABC-2 e BOTMP-2. Em relação aos resultados das tarefas óculo-manuais de motricidade fina das baterias motoras, somente a tarefa de distribuir cartas obteve uma boa distribuição, tanto para o geral quanto estratificada pelo sexo. Os dados da avaliação do desempenho escolar mostraram uma incidência de 16,6% de indicativo de dificuldade de aprendizagem geral, sendo que a leitura mostrou o maior índice de dificuldade entre as crianças (23,2%). Não houve diferença entre o sexo masculino e feminino em nenhum dos subtestes e nem no desempenho geral. Em relação a associação das tarefas de coordenação óculo manuais de motricidade fina em associação com o desempenho escolar, a tarefa de distribuir cartas apresentou correlação mais forte com o mesmo, sendo que as crianças que obtiveram melhor desempenho na tarefa também obtiveram uma melhor pontuação em todos os subtestes do TDE. Conclusão: Os resultados da revisão sistemática mostraram que os instrumentos validados e mais utilizados atualmente para se avaliar o desempenho motor de crianças são: o MABC, MABC-2, BOTMP-2 e VMI-5. Em relação aos resultados da avaliação das tarefas motoras, somente a tarefa de distribuição de cartas do BOTMP-2 apresentou uma boa distribuição, discriminando as crianças mais habilidosas. A associação das tarefas motoras com o Teste de Desempenho Escolar apontou que as crianças que obtiveram maior pontuação nas tarefas motoras, foram as que tiveram melhores notas em todos os subtestes do TDE.

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Van, Niekerk Chirine. "Die stand van neuro-motoriese ontwikkeling en visueel-motoriese integrasie by 7- en 8-jarige leerders met leerverwante probleme / Chirine van Niekerk." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9724.

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Various researchers highlight the role of neuro-motor and visual motor integration problems on learning-related barriers (Mutti et al., 1998; Goldstein & Britt, 1994; Kulp, 1999; Lotz et al., 2005; Van Roon et al., 2010). Visual motor integration and neuro-motor problems, that include perceptual, gross- and fine motor problems further relates to writing, reading, spelling and mathematical problems (Cheatum & Hammond, 2000). The visual system plays an important role in visual motor integration and researchers found ocular-motor control to correlate with learning-related problems and are therefore investigated (Vaughn et al., 2006). The aim of the study was twofold. The first aim was to determine the nature of neuro-motor problems that are present in 7- to 8-year old children with learning-related problems (writing, reading, spelling and mathematical problems). The second aim was to determine the nature of ocular-motor control and visual-motor integration that are present in 7- to 8-year old children with learning-related problems (writing, reading, spelling and mathematical problems). Sixty-eight learners (45 boys and 23 girls) with and without learning-related problems took part in the study. The group with learning-related problems (n=31) consisted of learners that received remedial intervention in Grade 1 and were in Grade 2 during the data collection. The control group (n=37) represented the study group for age and gender with a mean age of 7.5 years (SD=0.43) and had no learning-related problems. The Quick Neurological Screening Test II (QNST-II) and the Sensory Input Systems Screening Test (SISM) were used to determine the state of neuro-motor development and the visual and ocular-motor control status of learners. The Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration - 4th ed. (VMI-4) were used to evaluate the visual-motor integration of learners. The Statistica for Windows 2011 computer program was used to do the data processing (StatSoft, 2011). Differences between learners with and without learning-related problems were determined by an independent t-test. A multi-dimensional representation of learners with learning-related problems were established by means of a correspondence analysis of twoway variance tables with respect to reading, writing, spelling and mathematical problems. Results indicate that statistical as well as practical significant differences were found between learners with and without learning-related problems with respect to neuro-motor, visual-motor integration as well as ocular-motor problems. Neuro-motor problems were found between the two groups in visual, auditory, and tactile perception as well as different gross motor skills and were associated with reading, writing, spelling and mathematical problems. Regarding ocularmotor control and visual-motor integration, statistical- (p≤0,01) as well as practical (d≥0,8) significant differences were found between learners with and without learning related problems in visual-motor integration as well as 10 of the 11 sub-items of the SISM which include the following: fixation with both eyes, fixation with right eye, fixation with left eye, ocular alignment with right eye, ocular alignment with left eye, tracking with both eyes, tracking with right eye, tracking with left eye, vertical tracking and horizontal tracking. It can be concluded from the results that a significant correlation could be found between neuro-motor problems, that includes ocular-motor control as well as visual-motor integration and learning-related problems (reading, writing, spelling and mathematical problems). Neuromotor skills as well as visual-motor integration should therefore be incorporated in intervention of children with learning-related problems.
Thesis (MA (Kinderkinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

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Gomes, Lisboa de Souza Adriana. "Développement d'un outil d'aide à l'évaluation motrice d'enfants atteints de maladies neuromusculaires par des kinésithérapeutes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI045.

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La MFM est une échelle d'évaluation fonctionnelle validée pour le diagnostic et le suivi clinique des patients atteints une maladie neuromusculaire. Elle permet d’anticiper les besoins d'adaptation des patients, de fournir un langage commun à tous les professionnels et d’évaluer les effets des différents traitements thérapeutiques. Pour améliorer les performances des mesures, la reproductibilité des évaluations et la participation des patients, il est proposé de développer un outil d'assistance aux thérapeutes basé sur des technologies accessibles. Cette thèse est ainsi développée selon quatre axes de recherche: (1) le choix d'un capteur de mouvement 3D en remplacement du capteur KinectTM de Microsoft, (2) le développement un logiciel sur Tablette pour l'évaluation de la motricité fine, (3) la proposition d‘un environnement ludique pour motiver les jeunes patients lors des évaluations et (4) des propositions pour intégrer l'outil à la pratiques actuelle des thérapeutes. Ce contexte de travail suggère fortement l’utilisation d’une approche de conception centrée sur l'utilisateur (CCU), dans laquelle les thérapeutes et patients sont sollicités pour exprimer leurs besoins à chaque étape du processus de conception. Comme résultats, en remplacement de la Kinect, le capteur VicoVr a montré une meilleure performance dans le contexte de la MFM que le capteur Intel® RealSense™. Le logiciel développé de cotation automatique de la motricité fine TabMe2 a obtenu de très bons résultats pour 3 items considérés de la MFM. 7 animations ludiques pour la MFM ont été développées selon une approche issue du développement de Serious Games. Enfin, une d’intégration de tous les outils développés a été proposée par l’intermédiaire d’une interface sur mesure déjà familière des kinésithérapeutes, pour en faciliter leur adhésion
The MFM is a validated functional evaluation scale for the diagnosis and clinical monitoring of patients with neuromuscular disease. It anticipates the adaptation needs of patients, provides a common language for all professionals and assesses the effects of different therapeutic treatments. To improve the performance of measurements, the reproducibility of evaluations and patient participation, it is proposed to develop a tool, based on accessible technologies, for assisting therapists. Thus, this thesis is developed along four research axes: (1) the choice of a 3D motion sensor to replace the Microsoft KinectTM sensor, (2) the development of software on a Tablet for the assessment of fine motor skills, (3) the proposal of a playful environment to motivate the young patients during the evaluations and (4) proposals to integrate the tool into the current practices of the therapists. This working context strongly suggests the use of a user-centered design approach (UCD), in which therapists and patients are asked to express their needs at each stage of the design process. As results, replacing the Kinect, the VicoVr sensor showed better performance in the context of MFM than the Intel® RealSenseTM sensor. The automatic fine motor rating TabMe2 software developed obtained very good results for 3 items considered from the MFM. 7 fun animations for the MFM were developed according to an approach resulting from the development of Serious Games. Finally, an integration of all the tools developed has been proposed through a custom interface already familiar to physiotherapists, to facilitate their adherence

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Fors, Malin. "Finmotorikens betydelse för skrivinlärningen ur ett lärarperspektiv." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85454.

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Abstrakt Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om lärares uppfattning och förståelse om och för handskriftens betydelse för elevers finmotoriska utveckling i svenskundervisningen i årskurs 1 – 4. Detta för att belysa vikten av att fortsätta använda handskriften i skrivinlärningen. I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod använts vid intervjuer av respondenterna. Studiens teori baseras på det sociokulturella perspektivet och pragmatismen. En fenomenografisk forskningsansats har använts i studiens bearbetning, tolkning och analys av den insamlade datan. Resultatet har diskuterats mot bakgrund och tidigare forskning samt utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet och pragmatismens syn på lärande. Resultatet visar att oavsett vilken metod lärare väljer att använda, handskrift eller tangentsinlärning, behöver eleverna olika övningar för att träna handen och finmotoriken, eftersom eleverna behöver kunna forma bokstäverna för att kunna skriva enkla texter med en läslig handstil. I resultatet framkommer det även att några lärare använder en form av ASL-metod i sin undervisning och är eniga om att handskriften behöver användas parallellt med tangentbordet.
Abstract The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about teachers´perception and understanding about the significance of the use of handwriting for the development of students' fine motor skills in the Swedish language classroom, in primary school during years 1 – 4. This is to highlight the importance of the continued use of handwriting when learning to write. In this study, a qualitative method was used in the interviews with the respondents. The study's theory is based on the sociocultural perspective and pragmatism. A phenomenographical research approach has been used in the processing, interpretation and analysis of the collected data. The results have been discussed in the context of previous research and based on socio-cultural and pragmatism's views on learning. The results show that regardless of which method teachers choose to use, handwriting or typing, students need complementary exercises to train the hand and the fine motor skills, as students need to be able to shape the letters to be able to write simple texts in a readable handwriting. The results also show that some teachers use some form of iWTR method in their teaching and they agree that handwriting needs to be used in parallel with a keyboard.

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Pólvora, Sara. "O contributo da expressão plástica para o desenvolvimento da habilidade de motricidade fina." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/4354.

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Educação Visual e Tecnológica no Ensino Básico
Com o presente estudo, pretendeu-se investigar os possíveis contributos das actividades de expressão plástica desenvolvidas na disciplina de EVT, para o aperfeiçoamento da habilidade de Motricidade Fina junto de alunos do 5º ano de escolaridade. A investigação teve como ponto de partida a seguinte questão: “Quais os contributos das actividades de expressão plástica para o desenvolvimento da habilidade de Motricidade Fina dos alunos de 5º ano?”. Assim, definimos para este estudo como objectivos de investigação: identificar o grau de habilidade da Motricidade Fina que os alunos possuem no início e no final da investigação, e, compreender como é que a habilidade de Motricidade Fina evolui no decorrer das aulas de EVT. Como objectivo de intervenção, definimos desenvolver nos alunos a habilidade de Motricidade Fina através de diversas actividades de expressão plástica, tais como o desenho, a pintura, a modelagem, o recorte, a rasgagem e a colagem. A investigação/acção desenrolou-se na Escola Básica Carlos Ribeiro, no Seixal, numa turma de 5º ano de escolaridade, constituída por vinte alunos, com idades compreendidas entre os dez e os treze anos. A intervenção contou com cinco actividades de expressão plástica cujo tema foi “Retratos de uma turma”. Através das actividades que foram desenvolvidas verificámos que os dados revelaram uma evolução na habilidade de Motricidade Fina dos alunos em estudo. Porém, e de acordo com a escala definida por Vítor da Fonseca verificou-se que os alunos mantiveram uma “Aquisição hesitante”, nível 2.
This work aims to study the possible contributions of plastic art activities, developed in VTE classes, to improve fine motor skills of students of 5th level of elementary school. The study was based on the following question: “What are the contributions of plastic art activities to develop Fine Motor Skills of students of the 5th level of elementary school?". Thus, we defined as study aims for this work the following: to identify the level of Fine Motor Skills that students have at the beginning and at the end of the study and to understand how Fine Motor Skills are developed through VTE classes. As regards our intervention aim, we intended to develop student’s Fine Motor Skills through diverse plastic expression activities, such as drawing, painting, modelling, cutting, tearing and pasting. The study/action was developed in Escola Básica Carlos Ribeiro, in Seixal, with a class of 5th level of elementary, composed by twenty students, at the ages between ten and thirteen years old. The intervention consisted of five plastic art activities on the theme “Portraits of a class". Through the activities developed we concluded that the data revealed the students under study had developed their Fine Motor Skills. However, and according to the scale defined by Vítor da Fonseca we realized that the students had kept a “hesitant Acquisition”, level 2.

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Karlsson, Mathilda, and Leila Abrahamsson. "Pärlor mot kottar : barns finmotoriska träning mellan I ur och skur-förskolor och förskolor utan den inriktningen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23666.

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De finmotoriska förmågorna är oerhört viktiga vad det gäller den mänskliga läs- och skrivförmågan, då handen behöver vara tränad för att göra små rörelser och ögonen ska kunna följa dessa rörelser. Barn som har svårigheter med de finmotoriska förmågorna blir beroende av andra, då de kan få svårt att klara av vardagliga bestyr så som att klä på sig själva och använda bestick. Något som försvårar arbetet med de finmotoriska förmågorna utomhus är att barn använder vantar stora delar av året och att tillgång till materiel som utmanar handrörelser plockas fram mer sällan under vinterhalvåret på grund av kylan. Detta gör att barn inom I ur och skur-förskolor som oftast är ute får mindre träning av de finmotoriska förmågorna under kalla årstider. Vi har jämfört I ur och skur-förskolor med förskolor utan den inriktningen, vad det gäller arbetet med de finmotoriska förmågorna. För att få svar på vår frågeställning använde vi oss av telefonintervjuer till fyra I ur och skur-förskolor och fyra förskolor utan den inriktningen. I intervjuerna frågade vi om vilken materiel som fanns tillgänglig för barnen, hur de arbetar med de finmotoriska förmågorna i planerade aktiviteter samt hur ofta de hade planerade aktiviteter. Genom de här frågorna fick vi fram svar på hur medvetet de olika förskolorna arbetar med de finmotoriska förmågorna. Det visade sig att det inte skiljde sig något mellan de olika typerna av förskolor, något vi inte håller med om efter egna erfarenheter. Största delen av de olika förskolorna ansåg att de finmotoriska förmågorna tränas automatiskt i den fria leken och vardagen, något som tidigare studier säger emot då barn ofta väljer bort den typen av aktivitet vid fri lek. Våra intervjuer visar endast på vad pedagogerna anser och inte på vad som faktiskt sker, därför hade en observationsstudie varit bra att komplettera med.
The fine motor ability is extremely important when it comes to reading and writing skills, since the hand needs to be trained to do small movements and the eyes needs to be able to follow these movements. Children who have difficulties with the fine motor ability become dependence of others, since they have problems clothing themselves and using cutlery. The development of the fine motor ability becomes difficult when the children use mittens outdoors since they are in the way and material that challenges the fine motor skills isn´t as available during the cold seasons. This doesn´t allow children at I ur och skur preschools, which are all-time outdoor preschools, the same training of fine motor ability during cold seasons. The aim of this study is to compare I ur och skur preschools with preschools without that direction, regarding the development of fine motor ability. To answer our questions we used telephone interviews to four I ur och skur preschools and four preschools without that direction. In the interviews we asked about what material was available for the children, how they trained the fine motor ability in planned activities and how often they had planned activities. By means of these questions we got answers that showed how deliberately the different preschools worked with the fine motor ability. The study showed that there was not any difference between the preschools, something we do not agree on based on own experiences. Most preschools claimed that the fine motor ability automatically trained in free play and everyday experiences. Our interviews only showed what the preschool teachers claim and not what really happens in the preschool, thus an observation study would have been a good complement, considering this.

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Ng, Lai Oon. "The effects of fine motor movement exercises, component letter shape- and letter-copying drills on handwriting performance in Year 1 and Year 3 primary school students: A preliminary study into essential component skills of handwriting." Thesis, Ng, Lai Oon (2001) The effects of fine motor movement exercises, component letter shape- and letter-copying drills on handwriting performance in Year 1 and Year 3 primary school students: A preliminary study into essential component skills of handwriting. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41380/.

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It has been shown that fluency in a component skill can lead to the more efficient acquisition of skills in a correlated complex task. Handwriting is still a fundamental skill in school performance and needs to be fluent by the time a child reaches Grade 4. This study aimed to increase rates of fine motor hand movements and copying component shapes and to assess their effects on the complex skill of handwriting. Participants were allocated to one of four groups (a) fine motor movements, (b) basic shape-copying, (c) letter-copying and (d) probe controls. The training groups, (a), (b) and (c) were exposed to two conditions: (1) rate-building training and (2) untimed repeated practice. The untimed repeated practice condition served as a control for repeated practice effects alone and the probe control condition measured the effects of simply completing test probe sheets with feedback of results. Teachers reported that participants developed more self-confidence and motivation in schoolwork. Results revealed that rate-building of fine motor movements improved target handwriting skills. However, there was little evidence that rate-building exercises for shape-copying and lettercopying were more efficient than their repeated practice counterparts in improving handwriting skills. Methodological improvements were identified and discussed.

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Opasanon, Nattaporn. "The relationship between fine motor skill and executive functions in ADHD." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231661.

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Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by a range of behaviours that include excessive motor activity and distractibility. Motor coordination problem is often a feature. It is therefore likely that motor control mechanisms are implicated in ADHD and then executive function associated with it. After a literature review on the correlation between cognition and movement (chapter 1), the novel VSWM (chapter 2) and sequential learning (chapter 3) tasks are introduced. Based on the typical Corsi tapping task, participants were instructed to either move their hand to the stimulus presented on the computer screen or tap the keyboard when they saw it, while trying to remember the location and order of the stimuli. The results suggest that movements deteriorate VSWM in both ADHD and control groups (chapter 2) while they had a tendency to improve learning performance in healthy but not ADHD participants (chapter 3). It was posited that the results from both tasks could have been influenced by differences in the ability to concentrate on the task and difficulty in controlling movements. Two other experiments were used to test this assumption and eliminate any confounds from the memory and learning tasks. The results from chapter 4, which looks at divided attention, indicate a significantly higher response rate in the ADHD compared to the healthy participants, while showing no significant deficit in fine motor but rather on the attentional control (chapter 5) in ADHD participants. These findings are summarised in chapter 6 and discussed in terms of 1) the relationship between movement and cognitive function, 2) the causation of the VSWM deficit in ADHD, and 3) the potential use these tasks may have in a clinical setting as an assessment tool or cognitive training program for people with ADHD.

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Busquets, Faciabén Albert. "Changes in Swing High Bar Performance and Coordination: Skill Acquisition and Fine Tuning Skill." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2948.

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Numerous motor-perceptual tasks can be observed across the ages, especially if individuals are involved in sport activities. A person facing a novel task has to elaborate new movements to achieve the task goal (skill acquisition period). To become more successful and efficient, that is, to be an expert in a learned task, the subject must adjusts movement parameters depending on many constraints (fine tuning skill period). From a Dynamic System Theory perspective, movement arises from the relative impact of practice and constraints (organismic, task, and environmental). Focusing in the organismic constraints, the a-priory talent is a critical point for understanding motor learning in the skill acquisition period. In addition, the age of the performer must be specially considered in the fine tuning skill period due to the biological maturational and expertise processes taking place with time. The overarching goal of this thesis was to characterize both periods of learning (skill acquisition and fine tuning process) from a dynamical system theory perspective focusing in the longswing as a sport skill.

We observed that skill level (a-priori talent) can affect the learning process when a person faces a novel task. While swing amplitude is not impacted by the initial skill level, perceptual and motor learning (performance and coordination) in the downswing have larger improvements when initial skill level is closer to expert values. We proposed that flexion events' placement (P3H, P3S) and time lag between hip flexion and shoulder flexion actions during upswing (P3H-P3S) are critical in biomechanical terms, but coordination mode of the extension actions (P2H, P2S) is critical to increase swing amplitude in coordinative terms.
Focusing in the fine tuning skill, our research showed that competition age groups swing amplitude was similar from G3 (12.88±0.50 years) to G5 (19.96±3.37 years). However, events are acquired progressively (from G3 to G5) in agreement with their spatial-temporal performance sequence. In contrast, our results only differentiated coordination modes of the beginners (G1, 8.92±0.85 years) and experts (G5). Interestingly, we observed increased changes in the within subject variability in G4 (14.78±0.57 years) suggesting a transition point. It was suggested that this transition point could be due to increased demands of the sport (learning flight elements, dismounts). These changes in variability mainly occurred in P3 variables (i.e. flexion actions during upswing). We proposed that interventions should be focused in P3 to acquire expert motor strategies.

Finally, we proposed a conceptual model to understand the longswing learning process and to improve the intervention of the practitioners. Our results indicated that spatial-temporal sequences of the longswing actions appear to be learned before their dynamic control. In addition, adequate coordination of the previous action conditioned learning of the subsequent action. Decreases in the within subject variability of the coordination variables may indicate that the coordinative mode of the events (P1: flexion actions during downswing, P2: extension actions, and P3: flexion actions during upswing) are acquired. After such achievement, the intervention of the practitioner can be focused in the placement of the subsequent event.

KEYWORDS: Motor-perceptual learning; Motor behavior; Initial conditions; Practice effects; Novice; Experts; Gymnastics
Gran número de tareas perceptivo-motoras pueden ser observadas a través de la edad, especialmente en actividades deportivas. Una persona que se enfrenta a una nueva tarea tiene que elaborar nuevos movimientos para conseguir el objetivo de la tarea (periodo de adquisición de la habilidad, PAH). Para ser más eficaz y eficiente (i.e. experto) el sujeto tiene que ajustar los parámetros del movimiento en relación con los condicionantes de la situación (periodo de modificación fina de la habilidad, PMFH). Desde la perspectiva de la Teoría de los Sistemas Dinámicos (DST), el movimiento surge por el impacto de la práctica y de los condicionantes (del organismo, de la tarea y del entorno). En cuanto a los condicionantes del organismo, el talento a priori es un punto crítico para entender el aprendizaje motor en el PAH. Además, la edad del ejecutante debe ser considerado en el PMFH debido a que otros dos procesos se desarrollan paralelamente: la maduración biológica y la adquisición de competencia. El objetivo general de esta tesis es caracterizar ambos periodos de aprendizaje (PAH y PMFH) desde la perspectiva de la DST focalizándonos en el molino de barra fija como habilidad deportiva.
Durante el PAH el talento a priori afectó el proceso de aprendizaje de los participantes al enfrentarse a una tarea nueva. Así, a pesar que la amplitud del balanceo mejoró por igual en participantes con mayor y menor talento a priori, el aprendizaje perceptivo y motor (ejecución y coordinación) en la bajada del balanceo tuvo grandes mejoras cuando en los participantes de mayor talento a-priori. En el PMFH la amplitud de balanceo de los grupos de edad de competición era similar desde G3 (12.88±0.50 años) a G5 (19.96±3.37 años). No obstante, los eventos fueron adquiridos progresivamente (desde G3 a G5) de acuerdo con la secuencia espacio-temporal de realización durante la tarea y parece que fueron aprendidos antes que su control dinámico (coordinación). También, se observaron incrementos en los cambios en la variabilidad intra-sujeto en el G4 (14.78±0.57 años) que sugirieron un punto de transición debido probablemente al incremento en las demandas del deporte (aprendiendo elementos de vuelo, salidas).

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Mahmoud, Nejad Sama, and Robin Ahlberg. "Lugna aktiviteter eller bollspel? : En observationsstudie av barns aktivitetsval på fritidshemmet." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Lärande, Estetik, Naturvetenskap (LEN), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158433.

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Barn spenderar en stor del av sin tid i olika institutioner som skola och fritidshem. I den delen av vardagen som definieras som fritid gör barn olika val av aktiviteter. Begreppet motorik är i detta sammanhang en aspekt av aktiviteter som är intressant att undersöka. Människors rörelseförmåga och rörelsemönster är den generella definitionen på motorik som delas in i finmotorik och grovmotorik. Tidigare forskning visar att pojkar generellt har en mer utvecklad motorik än flickor och att dessa skillnader blir större ju äldre de blir. Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka barns val och deltagande i finmotoriska och grovmotoriska aktiviteter på fritidshemmet. Vi har även tittat på hur faktorer som miljö, verksamhet och pedagogers samspel med barnen och deras aktiviteter relaterar till varandra. Studiens resultat grundar sig i observationer på två olika fritidshem i Sverige. Resultatet har granskats med hjälp av våra teoretiska utgångspunkter, genus och sociokulturellt perspektiv. Det som har framkommit i denna studie är att i valet av aktiviteter som är grovmotoriska eller finmotoriska väljer pojkar generellt grovmotoriska aktiviteter och flickor finmotoriska. Sammanfattningsvis i denna studie framgick det att miljö, pedagogers handlingar, barns intressen, förväntningar, föreställningar, normer och olika grader av strukturer i verksamheten utgör faktorer som kan ha betydelse för barns aktivitetsval på fritidshemmet.

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Kim, Na-Hyun. "Introducing Deache mouse : An alternative computer mouse design for people with fine motor skill impairments." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160907.

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Floyd, Beatrice K. "Vision-Based Techniques for Cognitive and Motor Skill Assessments." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1338824242.

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32

Frantz, Maria. "Handskriftens närvaro i den digitala skolan 2021 : Attityder och tankar om handskrift kontra datorskrift bland lärare och elever på mellanstadiet i skolan 2021." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84271.

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Denna undersökning handlar om handskriftens närvaro i den digitala skolan 2021 och vilka attityder lärare och elever har till att skriva för hand respektive att skriva på datorn samt fördelar och nackdelar med de båda skrivmetoderna. Empirin har samlats in genom observationer i klassrum och intervjuer med lärare och elever. Samtalen var digitala för ena gruppen och genom enskilda fysiska möten i den andra gruppen. Resultaten i denna undersökning gav både väntade och oväntade svar. Eleverna ansåg att de skrev längst texter på datorn tack vare rättstavningsprogrammen vilket var ett förväntat svar på frågan. Men att två tredjedelar av eleverna ansåg att de skrev en text snabbare för hand än på datorn var en oväntad vinkling. Lärarnas attityder handlade om skriftsättens olika fördelar och nackdelar. Empirin gav förväntade svar om hur bra handskrift är för det långsiktiga lärandet och de digitala hjälpmedlens möjligheter. Observationen visade att det skrivs både för hand och på datorn i skolan idag samt att skillnaden i tid mellan skrivsätten är mindre än jag hade uppfattningen om när jag började samla in empirin.
This survey is about the handwriting's presence in the digital school in 2021 and what attitudes teachers and students have to writing by hand and writing on the computer, respectively and advantages and disadvantages of both writing methods. The empirics have been collected through classroom observations and interviews with teachers and students. The conversations were digital for one group and through individual physical meetings in the other group. The results in this examination provided both expected and unexpected answers. The students felt that they wrote the longest texts on the computer thanks to the spelling programs, which was an expected answer to the question. But the fact that two-thirds of students thought they were writing a text faster by hand than on the computer was an unexpected slant. Teachers' attitudes were about the different advantages and disadvantages of the two types of writing. Empirical services provided expected answers about the quality of handwriting for long-term learning and the possibilities of digital aids. The observation showed that it is written both by hand and on the computer at school today and that the difference in time between writing methods is smaller than I had the idea of when I started collecting the empirical.

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Sime, Mariana Midori. "Preensão para escrita manual em universitários: diferentes tipos e sua relação com teste de destreza fina." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6863.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Handwriting is indispensable in daily work, in academia and in the assertion of personal identity, although it may seem less used today. In clinical practice of occupational therapy, children, adolescents and adults are often referred by presenting postural imbalances and compensatory motor alterations in various activities, including handwriting. During the execution of this task, there is the influence of motor predominant proximal or distal upper limb, depending on the type of grasp that is used in maintaining the pencil in his hand and the performance of fine manual dexterity. These aspects define the classification grasps in patterns: primitive grasp patterns, transitional grasps patterns and mature grasp patterns. This study was divided into two phases. In Phase I we identified through filming, the different types of grasps for handwriting and the prevalence of each type in 806 university students, aged over 18 years, right-handed, of both genders and without functional impairment in upper limbs. For Phase II, 40 subjects were randomly selected among those classified in the previous phase as grasps patterns mature and transition, 20 in each group. We applied the Purdue Pegboard Test, and analyzed the relationship between the manual dexterity and fine these grasp patterns. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive prevalence (Phase I) and the Student's t-test for independent samples with a significance level of 0.05 (Phase II). The phase I results indicate a higher prevalence of mature grasps at the surveyed population, especially the dynamic tripod, supporting the literature. There was no significant difference between the performance of manual dexterity and the two patterns grasps used by adults for handwriting, suggesting that the functionality is independent of the grasp pattern. However, although there is no difference in functionality, it is known that the extensive use of the proximal muscles of the upper extremities can lead to pain, discomfort and diseases that, in the long term, can compromise the performance and quality of life of people who do. It is important to be aware of the importance of the involvement of occupational therapists in the school environment to stimulate and guide the most appropriate use of upper limb. Adult intervention is necessary in order to prevent or handle changes in functional performance between those seeking assistance with complaints of pain and discomfort in the upper limb.
A escrita manual é imprescindível no cotidiano do trabalho, no meio acadêmico e na afirmação da identidade pessoal, embora possa parecer menos utilizada atualmente. Na prática clínica da Terapia Ocupacional, crianças, adolescentes e adultos são frequentemente encaminhados por apresentarem desequilíbrios posturais e alterações motoras compensatórias em diversas atividades, entre elas a escrita manual. Durante a execução dessa tarefa, observa-se a influência motora predominante da região proximal ou da distal do membro superior, dependendo do tipo de preensão que é utilizado na manutenção do lápis na mão e da performance da destreza manual fina. Esses aspectos definem a classificação das preensões em padrões: padrão de preensão imatura, preensões de transição e padrão de preensão madura. O presente estudo foi dividido em duas fases. Na fase I identificou-se, por meio de filmagens, os diferentes tipos de preensão para escrita manual e a prevalência de cada tipo em 806 jovens universitários, maiores de 18 anos, destros, de ambos os gêneros e sem comprometimento funcional em membros superiores. Para a fase II, foram selecionados 40 sujeitos aleatoriamente, entre os classificados na fase anterior como padrão de preensão madura e de transição, sendo 20 em cada grupo. Foi aplicado o Purdue Pegboard Test, e analisada a relação entre a destreza manual fina e esses padrões de preensão. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo método descritivo de prevalência (fase I) e pelo Test-T de Student para amostras independentes com nível de significância de 0,05 (fase II). Os resultados da fase I apontam uma maior prevalência de preensões maduras na população pesquisada, principalmente da trípode dinâmica, corroborando com a literatura. Não houve diferença significativa entre o desempenho de destreza manual e os dois padrões de preensão utilizados por adultos para escrita manual, sugerindo que a funcionalidade independe do padrão de preensão. No entanto, apesar de não haver diferença na funcionalidade, é sabido que o intenso uso da musculatura proximal de membros superiores pode gerar dor, desconforto e doenças que, em longo prazo, podem comprometer o desempenho e qualidade de vida das pessoas que o fazem. Alerta-se para a importância da intervenção de terapeutas ocupacionais em ambiente escolar a fim de estimular e orientar o uso mais adequado do MS. Com adultos a intervenção se faz necessária visando prevenir complicações ou tratar alterações no desempenho funcional entre os que procuram atendimento com queixas de dores e desconfortos no membro superior.

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Coetzer, Dorothea. "Visual perception and motor function of children with birth-weights under 1250grams and their full term normal birth weight peers at five to six years of age : a Cape Town study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27001.

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This study aimed to assess and compare the visual perceptual, visual motor integration and motor abilities of infants weighing less than 1250 grams at birth and a matched group of normal full birth weight controls at the age of five to six years. The group of infants with birth weights below 1250 grams were born during the period July 1988 to June 1989 at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), Cape Town or in midwife obstetric units in the Peninsula Maternal and Neonatal Service (PMNS) and referred to the neonatal intensive care unit at GSH. The very low birth weight (VLBW) infants were assessed at 1 and 2 years of age in 1989 & 1990. The present study was part of a broader study that included the examination of developmental outcome of these infants, using the Griffith's Mental Development Scale (Griffith's). The study recognised the complex interaction of biological and environmental factors and their influence on development and attempted to describe the confounds that may have influenced outcomes. The VLBW children were shorter in stature than their full birth weight counterparts. They were also significantly lighter and had smaller head circumferences. Psychometric evaluation with the Griffith's showed the VLBW children to fall predominantly in the normal range, though their performances were significantly inferior to that of the full-term children. The greatest differences between the groups were in scores for the subscales performance and practical reasoning of the Griffith's. Visual perception, visual motor integration, fine motor skill and gross motor function were all significantly poorer in the VLBW children. There was no correlation within the VLBW group between the test results and birth weight, gestational age, growth status, neonatal hospital stay or social status.

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Ratcliffe, Ingrid. "The effect of a scissor skills program on bilateral fine motor skills in preschool children in South Africa including skill improvement, equivalence, transferability of skills and skill retention." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7480.

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Thesis (Ph.D.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009
The purpose of this study was to assess the improvement of scissor skills after a graded scissor skills program in preschool children in South Africa (SA). A bilateral fine motor skills assessment tool was developed for use in this research. This task-based assessment included every day activities required at school as well as personal management items. This research phase included the development of the test items and test instructions, scoring as well as validity and reliability testing of the assessment. A suitable scissor skills program was then developed for Grade 0 children in South Africa. The program was validated by a pilot study and also by a focus group of occupational therapists. Some changes were made to the picture selection, the grading of the program, as well as to teacher instructions on how to present the program before it was finalised and ready for use in the implementation phase of the research study. The implementation phase of the study included the individual assessment of 149 learners (mean age of 5 years 6 months), from three different schools in South Africa. The main aim was to establish the effectiveness of the scissor skills program by measuring skill improvement, transferability of skills and skill retention. A further aim was to compare the difference of skill levels of learners from various socio-economic backgrounds in South Africa. The results showed statistically significant improvement in scissor skills in all groups from the three different schools, as well as an ability to retain the learnt skills. Participants from lower socio-economic backgrounds demonstrated the least skill initially but made the greatest gains during the program, at times decreasing the gap between themselves and other participants. It was concluded that children benefited from a graded scissor skills program, which allowed them to improve and retain their scissor skills but improvement did not transfer to other fine motor tasks.

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Chen, Chia-Yu, and 陳佳妤. "Designing a Cooperative Fine Motor Skills Training Game for and with Preschoolers." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ue6cds.

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碩士
國立政治大學
數位內容碩士學位學程
106
Fine motor skills are crucial for children to develop before six years old. The performance of fine motor skills can be improved through training at institutions and the continued training at home; parental involvement can make the training more effective. However, from the interviews with occupational therapists and parents, we found that current training techniques are monotone and bore children in a short while; also, parents find it a problem to continue the training at home for it takes time and effort to prepare the tool and environment for training. To make the training more engaging and more accessible to continue at home, we proposed PinchFun, a cooperative game that encourages training through play, which supports fine motor training for preschool children (ages four to six). Parents can collaborate with the child to achieve the game goal. In this paper, we describe the design of PinchFun, a game-based cooperative fine motor skill training system, and share our insights and design implications for physical training games gleaned from twelve child-parent co-play and co-design sessions at their home.

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Аврунін, О. Г., K. Selivanova, and H. F. I. Saied. "A Method of Computer Testing of the Level of Development of Graphic Skills." Thesis, 2014. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/2397.

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This paper describes a computer-aided method of testing fine motor skills of the dominant hand and introduces a technique for estimating the level of development of the fine motor skills (using graphical tablet). The paper provides a set of basic parameters that serves as criteria for performance evaluation methodology. The analysis of the tests results is carried out with a computer program that allows determining the level of development of motor skills based on quantitative assessments.

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CHENG, TZU-CHIN, and 鄭子琴. "Effect of Ceramic Art Activities on Fine Motor Skills of Children with Developmental Delay." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76171686297060959730.

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碩士
亞太創意技術學院
茶陶創意研究所
104
0 to 6 years old is the golden age for early treatment, receiving appropriate medical care, education, social and political resources during this period of time could reduce the future burden on social costs. This study investigated the effect of implementing ceramic art activities on fine motor skills of children with developmental delay. This study used action research mainly based on a case study of a child with developmental delay who was placed in ordinary classes by the committee of identification, placement and consultation for special need children. Study time was lasted for one year, respectively proceeding in ordinary classes and special need classes in pre-school, through total three stages. This study was done by qualitative data analysis and description based on the information gathered from observations, reflection records, interviews, rubrics of pre-school special need education programs target manual and etc. The fundings of this comprehensive study were as follows: The first stage of ceramic art activities - attempt and exploration discovered: The fine motor skills of the child with developmental delay can be improved by selecting one particular movement and practice it repetitively to enhance the capability of this movement. The second stage of ceramic art activities - implementation and enhancement discovered: After intensive repeated practice on movement of rounding object into circular shape, the child "could use both palms to round the clay into a ball," "could use a single palm to round the clay into a ball on the table." were the most progressive parts, from the scores on rubrics it can be seen that intensive practice was effective. The third stage of ceramic art activities - imitation works discovered: After using picture books as a motive for the child to get more involved in ceramic art activities, the most progressive part was the child "could pinch the clay flat with thumb and forefinger, however "could use finger pulp to round the clay into a ball" was the least progressive part. Hand coordination of the child with developmental delay became more coordinated and skilled than in the second stage, and was able to take intiative to complete imitation work independently. Further, through three stage activities, the study also found that the child with developmental delay had spoken more. At the end, the paper concluded with some suggestions based on the study result, for the personnel and organization of the related field and future research as reference.

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(5930816), Lucas J. Rooney. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND FINE MOTOR SKILLS IN 2-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN." Thesis, 2019.

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Numerous studies point to a link between fine motor skills and executive functioning (EF) in 3- to 6-year-olds (e.g., Oberer et al., 2017; MacDonald et al., 2016); however, it is unclear if this relation exists at younger ages. Therefore, the current project aimed to further explore EF and fine motor skills in typically developing 2-year-olds. Participants completed the Minnesota Executive Function Scale (MEFS), Spin the Pots, Shape Stroop, Snack Delay, and the Fine Motor portion (FMQ) of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale Version-2. These findings demonstrate a link between general EF and visual-motor integration in 2-year-olds.

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YU, YING-HSUAN, and 游穎軒. "The Research of Digital Game Design on Improving Fine Motor Skills of Children with Developmental Delay." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58823790169096196129.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
設計研究所
103
The ability of using hands is essential to children's cognitive, play, emotional and social development. Preschool children begin practicing fine motor skills of their hands in order to establish the foundation of their future learning. However, there are more than six percent of children diagnosed as developmental delayed children. Various kind of delays not only affect their daily lives and knowledge learning, but also cause a great deal of stress on their parents. In this study, we practice user experience research, design and test to gain in-depth understanding of children with developmental delay and their families and to find the problems they encounter. Through observation and interviews, we have a closer look at their life experience and early treatment experience. Through interdisciplinary cooperation, we combine design and emerging technologies, using visual and tactile feedbacks to present an interaction training game - Little Pen Chef. With tangible interface and the special interactive pen, Little Pen Chef provides the children with a more interesting way to practice fine motor skills, and also reduce the training burden of the parents. The results show that Little Pen Chef appeals to children a lot because of its features of digital games and therefore increases the children’s motivation of training. It also reduces the burden on parents. Besides, the personalized difficulty adjustment system helps the children to gain a sense of accomplishment when playing games therefore motivates them to keep challenging themselves and willing to meet their targets.

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Otipková, Zuzana. "Motorická výkonnost žáků s poruchou pozornosti spojenou s hyperaktivitou na 1. stupni základní školy." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307056.

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Title: Motor performance of pupils with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objectives: The aim of the work was to determine the level of fine and gross motor skills of upper extremities of the pupils with diagnosis ADHD at schools specialized on these pupils and compare it with the fine and gross motor skills of upper extremities of children without this diagnosis at common elementary school. Further work objective was to determine the level of gross motor skills of lower limbs and laterality of paired organs (hand - foot) within above mentioned groups of pupils. Methods: To determine the level of fine and gross motor skills of upper extremities, gross motor skills of lower limbs, laterality of the upper and lower extremities of the pupils with and without ADHD aged 9-11 years we used these types of tests: "Spiral", "Dotting test", "Beads" (the level of fine motor skills of the upper extremities); "Pack", "Small plate tapping", "Big plate tapping" (the level of gross motor skills of upper extremities); "Tapping the leg" (the level of gross motor skills of the lower limbs); "Typing out the Rhythm" (the laterality of the lower limbs); "Bell" and "Matches" (the laterality of the upper extremities). Results: The fine motor level of dominant hand was in the case of ADHD diagnosed pupils...

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Mabbett, Kylie. "Kinder Tools: the effectiveness of a 12-week response to intervention approach to improve fine motor and visual motor perceptual skills in kindergarten students." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32718.

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Kinder Tools was developed as a Response to Intervention approach (RTI) to help students in kindergarten improve and develop their fine motor and visual motor perceptual skills within the first three months of entering kindergarten. Some students enter kindergarten ready to learn, while other students struggle with skill development and learning the curriculum. There are a variety factors that could impact a student’s ability to learn such as lack of exposure, disabilities, and culture/socioeconomic status. This program will provide specific strategies and activities that will help to improve the necessary skill development that is required to access the kindergarten curriculum. The occupational therapist will provide consultation services to assist teachers to implement modifications and strategies to help students who are struggling with tasks. Two out of four kindergarten classrooms will participate in the initial program, while the other two classes will serve as the control group. All students fine motor and visual motor perceptual skills will be assessed pre and post program completion. The hope is that students participating with use of the Tools will demonstrate significant improvement in fine motor and visual motor perceptual skills, resulting in decreased need (or no need) for direct occupational therapy (OT) services and increased ability to access the curriculum within the general education setting.

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Purchartová, Dana. "Ovlivnění hrubé a jemné motoriky jedince po požití alkoholu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348614.

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Title: The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Gross and Fine Motor Skills of Individuals Objectives of the thesis: The main objective of my thesis is to assess an immediate effect of alcohol on selected tasks from the area of fine and gross motor skills. First identified were the average values for selected tests in sober individuals, and then the values with an increasing level of alcohol in blood. The second objective is to differentiate whether or not are fine and gross motor skills affected upon the same alcohol level in blood. Methods: The required data were obtained on the basis of experimental measurements on 12 probands (6 women and 6 men) who were tested for fine motor skills using three non- standardized tests modified or created for the purpose of this experiment: threading beads on a string, unlocking locks and dropping coins to a moneybox. Gross motor skills were tested using stabilometric platform in a standing position with legs together and with open eyes for 30 seconds. The observed parameter in the fine motor skills test was the time, while in the stability test it was the track of COP; each fine motor skills test was performed three times in each round. In the second and in each subsequent round every proband was administered 0.3 g of alcohol per kg of weight. The total number of...

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El-Kishawi, Mohamed Yahya. "Improving students’ learning and performance in pre-clinical endodontics." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/100211.

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There has been limited use of contemporary learning theories or available evidence when designing activities to develop fine motor skills in dentistry. Recent evidence from non-dental studies concerning levels of performance following fine motor skill learning highlights the negative impact of reinvestment, i.e. conscious monitoring and control of movements when learning, particularly during the early stages of learning. Learning implicitly so that minimal conscious involvement is required (e.g. approaches that minimise errors or involve observation with physical guidance), has been shown to limit the effect of reinvestment on subsequent performance. This leads to positive and sustained outcomes, even under multi-tasking or stressful conditions, in comparison to commonly used explicit approaches (e.g. approaches that involve error production or observation with instructions) (Maxwell et al., 2001; Poolton et al., 2011). Outcomes of learning implicitly are important in dentistry because working under stressful conditions (e.g. physiological or psychological) is a consistent characteristic, either during undergraduate study or in practice. However, there are no published data about this approach for learning dental skills. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of learning approaches, consistent with implicit or explicit learning, on the acquisition of endodontic hand instrumentation skills among dental students. It was hypothesised that learning implicitly (e.g. by limiting errors or observation with guidance) would result in minimal decrement in performance under pressured or stressful conditions. In contrast, it was expected that learning explicitly (e.g. through increasing errors or observation with instructions and observation alone) would lead to a reduction in performance under pressured or stressful conditions. It was also aimed to investigate the impact of reinvestment on performance of the dental students. It was hypothesised that individuals with a high propensity for conscious monitoring during root canal preparation would not perform as well as low reinvesters, as a consequence of allocating working memory resources to monitoring and controlling their movements. Participants were volunteer dental students from the University of Adelaide, with no previous endodontic work or learning experiences. These students were randomly assigned to the experimental groups. Other volunteer dental students who had completed the normal pre-clinical learning activities provided comparative performance data. Participants performed fundamental root-canal hand instrumentation tasks during learning (experimental groups: 1.5-2h; comparative groups: 15-20h) and testing phases (0.5-1h). During learning, participants in the experimental groups prepared standardised canals with different canal diameters and curvatures using the balanced force technique. Learning methods in the experimental groups involved minimising (errorless: n=21) or maximising errors (errorful: n=21) in Study 1, or guided-observation (n=23), instructed-observation (n=23), or observation-only (n=13) in Study 2. Participants in Study 1 and Study 2 completed the three previously published reinvestment surveys related to propensity to reinvest. These were used to evaluate participants’ focus of attention behaviours on learning and performance in general. To test performance levels after the learning phases, all participants prepared the distal canal on a plastic tooth (Test 1), then completed the same task under multi- tasking condition (Test 2), with the observation groups completing Test 1 again but under stressful conditions (Test 3). Performance was assessed by preparation accuracy, completion time, procedural errors, and reported rules. For accuracy and time, repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc analyses were used to assess differences within and between groups, while procedural errors were analysed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test. Differences in the number of reported rules between the groups were assessed by an unpaired t-tests for Study 1 and a one way ANOVA and post-hoc analyses for Study 2. Performance by the experimental groups was similar during learning. When tested, accuracy of preparation and completion time in the errorless and comparative groups did not change significantly under multi-tasking conditions (p>0.05), whereas, learners who learnt with errors showed a significant deterioration in preparation accuracy when multi-tasking (p< 0.05). Participants’ reported significantly increased stress levels in all observation groups for all tests (p< 0.05). However, preparation accuracy did not differ significantly within or between the experimental observation and comparative groups (p> 0.05). The errorful and instructed-observation learning groups reported significantly more 'root canal instrumentation rules' than the errorless, guided-observation and observation-only groups. Correlation analyses of data from the Reinvestment Scale (RS), the Movement-specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS), and the Decision- Specific Reinvestment Scale (DSRS) showed significant association between the three reinvestment surveys. However, no significant differences for the three reinvestment surveys were found between experimental and comparative groups in Study 1 and 2. Furthermore, no significant differences in accuracy of canal preparation or completion times were found between ‘low’ and ‘high’ reinvesters based on a median split for the primary task, under multi-tasking, or under stressful conditions. Findings from Study 1 provide the first evidence that learning endodontic skills implicitly, i.e. under conditions that limit errors, resulted in stable performance when multi-tasking. This may be explained by reduced use of working memory for error management when learning. However, the learning strategies adopted when learning by observation with guidance were not consistent with implicit learning approaches. This conclusion is supported by the high number of errors produced during learning trials on plastic blocks and the apparent low level of accuracy of performance during transfer tests. This finding highlights difficulties associated with designing approaches that are consistent with learning implicitly in the real world. The apparently low impact of reinvestment on performance of participants in Study 1 and 2 may be explained by the small number of low and high reinvesters in both studies and the variable level of complexity in the instructions provided. Propensity to reinvest is suggested to be dependent on performance context and task attentional demands. The fine motor learning context in endodontics and the complexity of dental tasks are likely to be different to those encountered in sports or in surgery, which might explain the variable impact of reinvestment on performance. Further research of learning other skills by dental students is needed, including testing different implicit learning paradigms and investigating the role that the reinvestment might play when learning endodontic skills. These studies should lead to better outcomes, especially during multi-tasking and under stressful environments.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, 2016.

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McIlveen-Brown, Emma. "Motor Control in Adolescent ADHD." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25663.

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This thesis presents two manuscripts on motor control in ADHD. The first is a literature review that identifies fine motor control and postural stability as areas of robust abnormality in ADHD. Further, the review suggests that motor performance in adolescence has been understudied, and reveals a paucity of data on sex differences. The second study is an empirical assessment of postural control and fine motor skills in an adolescent ADHD sample, which investigated potential sex differences. This latter study revealed that males with ADHD were especially impaired on fine motor tasks, whereas females with the disorder were particularly impaired on tasks of postural stability. Deficits were most prominent under conditions where visual information was removed, across genders. It is unclear whether motor performance deficits are central features of ADHD or instead artifacts of overlap with Developmental Coordination Disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities.

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McFarland, Amy Lene'. "Growing Minds: The Relationship Between Parental Attitude about Nature and the Development of Fine and Gross Motor Skills in Children." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9067.

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Adults associate their childhood with playing outdoors, often in natural settings. This type of free play is valuable to child development. Children tend to use outdoor play areas in physically active ways, and time spent outdoors relates positively to increased physical activity in children. However, children today are spending an increasing amount of time indoors rather than outdoors. Recent research has shown that the amount of time children spend in outdoor play is directly related to parental concerns about their children's exposure to outdoor hazards. The purpose of this project was to investigate the relationship between parental attitude toward nature and the development of fine and gross motor skills in young children. The sample for this study was drawn from parents of children ages 3 to 5 years old enrolled at one of two University Child Development Centers. The assessment tool used was composed of sections that ask parents about their attitudes toward nature, about their young children spending time outdoors, how much time their children actually spend in outdoor and indoor activities, and standard demographic questions. The childcare centers independently assessed d correlations and ANOVA. Results from this study indicated that parents had positive views toward nature and towards their child's recreation. Children who participated in certain indoor activities tended to score higher in the area of fine motor skills. However, children who spent more time indoors in free play had lower gross motor skill scores. Parents who scored better on the Parental Attitude toward Their Child's Outdoor Recreation scale reported that their child spent more time in outdoor free play and outdoor organized sports and activities. Parents preferred outdoor play spaces when compared to indoor play spaces and specifically those outdoor spaces that were constructed with more nearby natural components.

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Dias, Sara. "Relatório Final da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada O contributo da motricidade fina no desenvolvimento do ensino-aprendizagem em criança de idade pré-escolar." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/8686.

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O presente relatório surge no âmbito da unidade curricular da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, tendo por finalidade a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e corresponde à descrição de um trabalho desenvolvido num contexto de Jardim- de- infância de uma Instituição Privada com um grupo de crianças de cinco anos de idade. O estágio decorreu desde Outubro de 2013 até Junho de 2014. Este estágio teve dividido principalmente em duas fases, a primeira correspondeu a um período de observação, a segunda correspondeu á intervenção, onde nos foi possível escolher a problemática, área de intervenção para pudermos intervir posteriormente. Ao longo deste ano de estágio foram também utilizados diversos métodos, técnicas e instrumentos, de modo a que nos fornecessem dados concretos para uma boa prática pedagógica. A escolha da problemática surgiu perante as observações realizadas em contexto de estágio, uma vez que a maioria das crianças mostrava dificuldades na área de motricidade fina. O presente relatório tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância e o contributo da motricidade fina na promoção do desenvolvimento de um grupo de crianças. Neste sentido, a motricidade e a psicomotricidade representaram uma importante contribuição para o processo ensino-aprendizagem da criança, contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento global. Partindo-se da motricidade e da psicomotricidade, inicia-se o trabalho de coordenação motora fina, mais diretamente da motricidade fina. Porém, ao longo do ano o grupo de crianças revelou uma evolução em todas as áreas de conteúdo.
This report is part of Supervised Teaching Course with the purpose of obtaining the Masters’ Degree in Preschool Education. It describes the work developed in a kindergarten environment, of a Private Institution for a group of five years old children. The internship was developed from October 2013 to June 2014 and was divided into two phases. The first one was characterized by observation, while the second one was focused on intervention, which allowed us to choose the problem and intervention area where we would like to act. Throughout the year we have applied several methods, techniques and tools, which help us obtaining solid data for a good pedagogical practice. The problem’s choice was made before the observation phase of the internship, since most of the children have been showing some difficulties in the area of fine motor skills. This report aims to demonstrate the importance of the contribution of fine motor skills to promote the development of a group of children. In this sense, the motor and psychomotor represent an important contribution to the teaching/learning process of the child, contributing to their overall development. Starting from the motor and psychomotor, begins the work of fine motor coordination, fine motor more directly, with a more specific of fine motor skills. This allows children to play, explore and manipulate objects

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Kosová, Blanka. "Centrální koordinační porucha - literární rešerše." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348589.

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Title: Developmental coordination disorder - literature review Objectives: The theoretical part talks about developmental coordination disorder, its diagnosis, investigations, etiology and division during the different ages of the child. The practical part compares the studies relating to atypical development of motor skills in children with developmental coordination disorder. In diploma thesis was often used shortcut CKP and DCD, depending on the source from which it was drawn. DCD is the English equivalent of the shortcut CKP. Methods: This diploma thesis has both descriptively - analytical character. It will be treated as a literature review. Results: On the basis of the researched literary sources, this thesis provides a comprehensive picture on the topic of developmental coordination disorder. This thesis evaluated the atypical motor skills in school and preschool age children with developmental coordination disorder from the perspective of different authors. It has been found, which diagnostic procedures are used and which difficulties are most limiting for the children. Keywords: developmental coordination disorder, fine motor skills, hand function, gross motor skills

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Burdová, Eliška. "Možnosti rozvoje jemné motoriky a grafomotoriky jedince s centrální poruchou hybnosti." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397255.

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This thesis is occupied with the issues of development of the fine motor skills and graphomotorics of an individual suffering from the central mobility disorder. The main aim of the thesis is to discover and describe what development possibilities of these abilities and skills are. The theoretical part deals with basic terms related to diagnosis of Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and its rehabilitation options. There are also described the fine motor skills, graphomotorics, grasping process, classification of grasps and their development. There is a separate chapter that is engaged only with development of the fine motor skills and graphomotorics. The thesis also contains evaluation surveys that are applied in practice and that are important for comparison before and after a therapeutic intervention. The practical part is based on qualitative oriented methodology and it operates with data gained from five case studies. Based on comparison of values gained from the entry and control examinations, particular data have been elaborated. It was discovered from the performed research that it had come up to improvement of the fine motor skills as well as graphomotorics by use of various therapeutic methods. Each method had been chosen in accordance with the client's current condition and their individual...

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Lohse, Keith R. "Task-level and effector-level representation in the intermanual transfer of fine motor skills: The effects of task familiarity and mental practice." Thesis, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464515.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fine motor skills'

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