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Journal articles on the topic 'Finishing boards'
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BORYSIUK, PIOTR, ANNA TETELEWSKA, AURIGA RADOSŁAW, and IZABELLA JENCZYK-TOŁŁOCZKO. "The influence of temperature on selected strength properties of furniture particleboard." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 108 (October 31, 2019): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7697.
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The influence of temperature on selected strength properties of furniture particleboard. As a part of the study, the influence of temperature on selected properties of furniture particleboard was tested. P2 type industrial particleboards in three finishing options: raw boards (1), boards covered with melamine film in white (2) and black (3) (10 samples per variant) have been subjected to temperatures from -20oC to +120oC, at 10oC intervals. The Time of exposure for individual temperatures was 7 days. MOR, MOE and IB were determined for tested boards. It has been shown that temperatures above 50oC have a negative effect on strength properties of boards. A large decrease in all tested parameters was observed in the temperature range from +60oC to +120oC. It was also noted that finishing boards with melamine film did not improve their durability.
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SAITO, Takeshi, and Shin-ichi WAKABAYASHI. "The Surface Finishing Technologies on Printed Wiring Boards." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 68, no. 9 (2017): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.68.480.
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Kołodziej-Gajowy, Sylwia, and Magdalena Garcarek. "TILT AND SLIDING DOOR SYSTEM, NEW SOLUTIONS." Space&FORM 2022, no. 49 (2022): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2022.49.b-02.
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The aim of the research was to develop and implement both on the domestic and international market the compact system technology, i.e. a system of tilt and sliding doors inside the premises with replaceable finishing panels with skirting and perimeter strips. As a result of these studies, new technological solutions were created in relation to traditional doors, eliminating limitations as to height, width, weight and type of finishing material on the door and integrated skirting boards. The research was carried out according to the TRL scheme - technological readiness levels.
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Hokanson, Taylor, and Nick Bontrager. "Good Artists Torrent, Great Artists Fork." Media-N 15, no. 2 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.median.v15i2.74.
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In this workshop, Professors Nick Bontrager and Taylor Hokanson introduce the tools and services required to fabricate printed circuit boards, or PCBs. The process is more accessible than ever before, and is cheap enough to allow individuals to obtain functional prototypes, in small quantities, that are indistinguishable from similar PCBs that might be produced in the hundreds of thousands for industry or commercial applications. Using an “unpopulated” demonstration board designed by the workshop co-chairs, participants walk through all the steps needed to assemble and solder surface-mount components, finishing the event with a battery-operated, wearable, LED light display.
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OKUNO, Kazuyoshi. "Special Issue/Recent Trend and Future of Surface Finishing for Printed Wiring Boards Reviews. Surface Finishing of Printed Wiring Boards. Mainly on Electroless Plating." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 7 (1993): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.578.
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Gliniak, Maciej, Tomasz Dróżdż, Sławomir Kurpaska, and Anna Lis. "Using Geiger Dosimetry EKO-C Device to Detect Ionizing Radiation Emissions from Building Materials." Sensors 21, no. 2 (2021): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020645.
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The purpose of the article is to check and assess what radiation is emitted by particular building materials with the passage of time. The analysis was performed with the EKO-C dosimetry device from Polon-Ekolab. The scope of the work included research on sixteen selected construction materials, divided into five groups. The analysis of the results showed that samples such as bricks (first group) and hollow blocks (second group) emit the highest radiation in the tested objects. When comparing these materials, the highest value was recorded when measuring the ceramic block of 15.76 mSv·yr−1. Taking into account the bricks, the highest value of radiation was shown by a full clinker brick, 11.3 mSv·yr−1. Insulation materials and finishing boards are two other groups of building materials that have been measured. They are characterised by a low level of radiation. In the case of materials for thermal insulation, the highest condition was demonstrated by graphite polystyrene of 4.463 mSv·yr−1, while among finishing boards, the highest value of radiation was recorded for the measurement of gypsum board of 3.76 mSv·yr−1. Comparing the obtained test results to the requirements of the Regulation of the Council of Ministers on ionizing radiation dose limits applicable in Poland, it can be noted that the samples examined individually do not pose a radiation risk to humans. When working with all types of samples, the radiation doses are added up. According to the guidelines of the regulation, the total radiation dose does not exceed 50 mSv·yr−1 and does not constitute a threat to human health.
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Tsvetkov, V. E., A. E. Anokhin, M. Yu Ekimova, and O. P. Machneva. "Influence of paper type on processes of impregnation and lamination of wood-based boards." Adhesives. Sealants. Technologias, no. 12 (2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1813-7008-2021-0-12-34-40.
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The results of studies evaluating the influence of a type of penetrated paper on the processes of impregnation and hot lamination of wood-based board materials are presented. A woodchip board was used as a base to carry out the hot lamination for the finishing process of materials. After this process, the woodchip board is named «laminated woodchip board». Papers of different manufacturers, papers’ main properties and technological characteristics were tested.
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Kirilovs, Edgars, Laura Krūklīte, Silvija Kukle, and Zane Zelča. "Nanolevel Finishing for Veneered Products." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.198.
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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Wood veneer is mainly used for interior decoration applications in many different segments. It's ideal for residential projects, hotel projects, offices giving to the any interior a unique look and feel. In addition, veneer is also processed to create a variety of products such as veneer parquet, flexible veneer sheets, wood veneer boards, wood veneer wallpaper, etc. From the other side, veneered surfaces will always to a greater or lesser degree could change color, particular upon exposure to natural and artificial light. The degree of color change will depend on such factors as the species chosen, the coating type used and intensity and period of the exposure to light. In addition, conventional finishes have a tendency to yellow with age which can have quite dramatic effects on the original color of the selected timber. To minimize these effects new finishes have to be developed. In the paper new, unvisible nanolevel coating for veneer finish based on the sol-gel process is offered. It is known that the sol–gel technique is an established industrial process for the generation of colloidal nanoparticles from liquid phase, which has been further developed in last years for the production of advanced coatings. It is well adapted for oxide nanoparticles and composites synthesis. The main advantages of sol-gel techniques are comparable low processing temperatures offering unique opportunities for access to organic and inorganic materials. The sol synthesis and application technology as well protective properties of coating will be discussed. </span></p>
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Henke, Milena, Barbara Lis, and Tomasz Krystofiak. "Evaluation of Surface Roughness Parameters of HDF for Finishing under Industrial Conditions." Materials 15, no. 18 (2022): 6359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186359.
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One of the most important properties of the surface of wood-based panels is their roughness. This property determines the way of working with the material in the processes of gluing and surface varnishing. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various sanding belt configurations and the feeding speed of the conveyor belt during grinding on the surface roughness of high-density fiberboards (HDF). The research material was prepared under industrial conditions. Three types of boards were selected for the tests. After grinding, the roughness parameters were measured both transversely and longitudinally relative to the grinding direction, using a Mitutoyo SJ-210 profilometer and the optical method. Based on ANOVA analysis of the data, it was found that the type of HDF boards used and the configuration of the abrasive belts had a statistically significant impact on the roughness. The samples for which the grinding process was performed with sanding belts of the highest grain size had the lowest roughness. For the amplitude roughness parameters, the direction of roughness measurement had a significant influence. These results may provide valuable guidance for the furniture industry in the preparation of HDF for furniture production.
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Eskin, Vladislav D., Vladimir N. Ermolin, and Anna I. Krivorotova. "Structural Boards Made of Hydrodynamically Activated Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Bark without Binders." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 5 (October 18, 2024): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-5-175-187.
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Bark is a large-tonnage waste in a number of wood processing technologies requiring efficient use. One of the promising areas of bark use is the production of boards without synthetic binders. Research has been conducted on the production of structural boards from Pinus sylvestris bark without a binder. The method is based on preliminary hydrodynamic activation of bark. The initial bark undergoes primary crushing in a hammer mill. After that, it is mixed with water at a concentration of 6 %. Then the resulting mass is activated in a rotary pulsation disperser, a carpet is formed from it, cold pressing is carried out, and then hot pressing. As a criterion for assessing the degree of mass activation, water-retaining capacity is adopted. The dependencies have been determined between the duration of treatment and water-retaining capacity, as well as the strength of the boards and water-retaining capacity. The latter made it possible to obtain the optimal value of the water-retaining capacity equal to 290 %. A multifactorial experiment has been conducted to develop the optimal hot pressing mode. As a result, the optimal mode for pressing the boards has been determined: temperature – 190 °C; specific process duration – 2.8 min/mm; pressing pressure – 4.4 MPa. The properties of the boards produced in this mode are: density – 980 kg/m 3 ; bending strength – 24 MPa; swelling during soaking for 24 hours – 5 %; water absorption – 9 %. After soaking and subsequent drying to a moisture content of 5 %, the boards retain 75 % of their before soaking. In this case, the geometric dimensions return to the original ones. The resulting boards can be used as a sheet finishing and structural material, in house-building (as a base for floor and roofing materials), in furniture production, especially in severe temperature and humidity conditions. The conducted research shows the possibility of producing board materials with high performance properties from pine bark without binders.
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Rafky, Muhammad, Maryo Inri Pratama, Ika Bali, and B. M. A. S. Anaconda Bangkara. "EFECTIVITY OF UNIT WALL FINISHING WITH STICK ON WALL METHOD IN CATTLEYA TOWER SAKURA GARDEN CITY APARTMENT PROJECT, EAST JAKARTA." Jurnal Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan 6, no. 2 (2022): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmstkik.v6i2.18148.
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In building construction, interior wall finishing work usually uses conventional methods, namely plastering and nat grout. At Cattleya Tower Sakura Garden City Apartment, East Jakarta, the unit wall finishing uses a more modern method: Stick on wall. The Stick on wall method uses alternative finishing materials other than plaster and nat grout as a hebel wall covering made of large boards covered with thick paper which must be glued with a glue-like material to the hebel walls. The use of this method in the apartment case aims to speed up the project construction process because 90% of the units in Cattleya Tower have been sold, so the completion of the project must be realized immediately. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness in terms of cost and time of the Stick on wall finishing method compared to the plastering and nat grout method. By calculating using the SNI method and considering other aspects such as transportation from the supplier to the project site, it is known that wall finishing work using stick on wall is 0.74% cheaper than wall finishing work using plaster and nat grout. As for the comparison of work time, work using stick on wall is 74.58% faster than wall finishing work using plaster and nat grout with a difference in working time of 52 days. Keywords: Stick on wall; wall finishing; plastering cost; nat grout Abstrak Dalam konstruksi bangunan, pekerjaan finishing dinding interior biasanya menggunakan metode konvensional yaitu plesteran dan nat grout. Di Cattleya Tower Sakura Garden City Apartment, Jakarta Timur, finishing dinding unit menggunakan metode yang lebih modern: Stick on wall. Metode Stick on wall menggunakan bahan finishing alternatif selain plaster dan nat grout sebagai penutup dinding hebel yang terbuat dari papan besar yang dilapisi kertas tebal yang harus direkatkan dengan bahan sejenis lem pada dinding hebel. Penggunaan metode ini pada kasus apartemen tersebut bertujuan untuk mempercepat proses konstruksi proyek karena di Cattleya Tower tersebut unit yang telah terjual sebesar 90%, sehingga penyelesaian proyek tersebut harus segera direalisasikan. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas dari segi biaya dan waktu dari metode pekerjaan finishing dinding Stick on wall dibandingkan dengan metode plesteran dan nat grout. Dengan menghitung menggunakan metode SNI dan mempertimbangkan aspek lain seperti transportasi dari pemasok ke lokasi proyek, diketahui bahwa pekerjaan finishing dinding menggunakan stick on wall lebih murah 0,74% dibandingkan pekerjaan finishing dinding menggunakan plesteran dan nat grout. Sedangkan untuk perbandingan waktu pengerjaan, pekerjaan menggunakan stick on wall lebih cepat 74,58% dibandingkan pekerjaan finishing dinding menggunakan plesteran dan nat grout dengan selisih waktu kerja adalah 52 hari.
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Blackburn, Sheila. "Ideology and Social Policy: the Origins of the Trade Boards Act." Historical Journal 34, no. 1 (1991): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013923.
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The issue of sweated labour formed one of the most intractable social problems of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Numerous remedies to solve sweating, such as the restriction of female and child labour, the abolition of domestic workshops, consumers' leagues, and co-operative production were variously advanced but subsequently found to be wanting. Eventually, and bowing to the inevitable, Edwardians finally sanctioned one cautious measure which they thought would curb sweating at its root – that is the legal control of low pay in the form of the 1909 Trade Boards Act. Initially, the act applied to domestic chain-making, ready-made and wholesale bespoke tailoring, paper-box making, and the machine-made lace and finishing trade. In these four industries in which wages were deemed unduly low, boards were established consisting of equal numbers of employers' and workers' representatives, plus independent members nominated by the state. In effect, the boards were thus a form of compulsory arbitration on pay.
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Kim, Yong-Hee. "Acoustic Retrofit Approach of an Apartment Living Room Using Multi-Perforated Gypsum Boards in Terms of Heavy-Weight Impact Sounds." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (2022): 5007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095007.
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In this study, the effects of multi-perforated gypsum boards on floor impact noises were investigated in a box-type test building and an actual apartment building. In a box-type test building with 150 mm thick slab, various design factors such as hole pattern, hole size, opening ratio, backing, or finishing materials were considered. Heavy-weight impact sources of bang machine and rubber ball were employed. The test procedure followed KS F 2810-2, and then, a single number rating was derived in accordance with KS F 2863-2. As a result, reduction of heavy-weight impact noise by applying multi-perforated gypsum boards as a ceiling material was expected maximumly up to 3 dB for bang machine and 5 dB for rubber ball. Regarding the reduction of floor impact sounds at frequencies above 125 Hz, the installed area of the employed multi-perforated gypsum board was shown as the most dominant factor. Then, an in situ investigation using standard impact sources and five children was carried out in an actual living space of an actual apartment dwelling unit. Comparing before and after installation of multi-perforated gypsum board, 1–2 dB of heavy-weight impact noises was reduced. In addition, subjective impressions of the reduced impact noise were discussed based on the field questionnaire survey using actual children’s running situations.
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Adamczak-Bugno, Anna, Grzegorz Świt, and Aleksandra Krampikowska. "Time-frequency analysis of acoustic emission signals generated by cement-fiber boards during bending test." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817402020.
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Fiber-cement building materials have been used in civil engineering for over one hundred years. Contemporary fiber-cement boards are made of natural raw materials such as cement, cellulose fibers, PVA and water. Materials made of fiber-cement are used in construction as a building and finishing material for elevations, internal walls and roofs, hence are exposed to environmental conditions such as rainfall and temperature changes, in particular, frequent temperature transition through 0°C in a 24 hour cycle (cyclic freezing-thawing). In addition, fibrous cement materials, primarily used as cladding elements, are exposed to exceptional conditions, which include the high temperature caused by fire. The article presents the results of experimental tests of bending strength of cement-fiber boards subjected to environmental factors and exceptional factors. The paper also presents a proposal to use a nondestructive method of acoustic emission (AE) based on time-frequency analysis for testing fiber-cement boards. Interesting research results were obtained, which allowed to trace the differences in the mechanisms of material destruction under the influence of various factors.
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Krampikowska, Aleksandra, and Anna Adamczak – Bugno. "Evaluation of destructive processes in FRC composites using time-frequency analysis of AE signals." MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926206006.
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Modern fiber-cement boards currently used in construction are made of natural raw materials such as cement, cellulose fibers and of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and water. They replaced the eternitic plates, which were harmful to health, originated by Ludwig Hatschek. Materials made of fiber-cement are used in construction industry as a building and finishing material for facades, internal walls and roofs. Therefore, they are exposed to environmental conditions including rainfall and temperature changes, and in particular to frequent temperature transition through 0°C in a 24-hour cycle (cyclic freezing-thawing). In addition, fibrous cement materials, primarily used as cladding elements, are exposed to exceptional conditions, which include the high temperature caused by fire. The article presents the results of experimental tests of flexural strength of cement fiber boards subjected to exceptional conditions, to which the operation of fire belongs. The paper also presents a proposal to use a non-destructive method of acoustic emission based on time-frequency analysis for testing fiber-cement boards. Interesting research results were obtained that allowed to trace the differences in the mechanisms of material destruction under the influence of the changing time of external factors.
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Karlinasari, Lina, Ulfa Adzkia, Anugrah Sabdono Sudarsono, Pipiet Larasatie, Yusup Amin, and Naresworo Nugroho. "Surface Characteristics and Acoustical Properties of Bamboo Particle Board Coated with Polyurethane Varnish." Forests 12, no. 9 (2021): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091285.
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Using bamboo particle board as a wall divider, a furniture component, or an automotive component with a sound absorber function may be a viable option for architects and engineers seeking to achieve desired acoustical qualities, including noise reduction. However, there is still a dearth of research on the effect of particle board finishing and coatings on acoustical sound absorption and noise reduction qualities. This study, therefore, aims to determine the surface characteristics and acoustical properties of bamboo particle board, coated with polyurethane (PU). The single-layer homogeneous particle boards were constructed using particles classified as fine and coarse with two different board densities, and coated with a high-quality PU lacquer. This study found that the coating treatment of 0.3 mm 0.6 mm succeeded to significantly decrease surface roughness, as well as thickness, swelling, and water absorption, with the thickness coating as a dominant factor compared with board density and board particle size. Adding a PU coating increases sound absorption performance at low frequencies, but significantly reduces acoustical properties at high frequencies. The increase of particle board density leads to the decrease in noise reduction coefficient capability. Results obtained from this study are useful to determine the optimal coating thickness in terms of evaluating acoustical panel products.
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Pan, Fangya, Hongyu Jia, Yuxiang Huang, Zhilin Chen, Shanqing Liang, and Peng Jiang. "Analyzing Temperature Distribution Patterns on the Facing and Backside Surface: Investigating Combustion Performance of Flame-Retardant Particle Boards Using Aluminum Hypophosphite, Intumescent, and Magnesium Hydroxide Flame Retardants." Polymers 15, no. 23 (2023): 4479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234479.
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Particle boards are manufactured through a hot pressing process using wood materials (natural polymer materials) and adhesive, which find common usage in indoor decorative finishing materials. Flame-retardant particleboard, crucial for fire safety in such applications, undergoes performance analysis that includes assessing temperature distribution across its facing surface and temperature increase on the backside surface during facade combustion, yielding critical insights into fire scenario development. In this study, a compact flame spread apparatus is utilized to examine the flame retardancy and combustion behavior of particle boards, with a specific emphasis on the application of cost-effective flame retardants, encompassing aluminum hypophosphite (ALHP), an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) comprising ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL), and Dipentaerythritol (DPE), alongside magnesium hydroxide (MDH), and their associated combustion characteristics. The D300°C values, representing the vertical distance from the ignition point (IP) to P300°C (the temperature point at 300 °C farthest from IP), are measured using a compact temperature distribution measurement platform. For MDH/PB, APP + MEL + DPE/PB, and ALHP/PB samples, the respective D300°C values of 145.79 mm, 117.81 mm, and 118.57 mm indicate reductions of 11.11%, 28.17%, and 27.71%, compared to the untreated sample’s value of 164.02 mm. The particle boards treated with ALHP, IFR, and MDH demonstrated distinct flame-retardant mechanisms. MDH/PB relied on the thermal decomposition of MDH to produce MgO and H2O for flame retardancy, while APP + MEL + DPE/PB achieved flame retardancy through a cross-linked structure with char expansion, polyphosphate, and pyrophosphate during combustion. On the other hand, ALHP/PB attained flame retardancy by reacting with wood materials and adhesives, forming a stable condensed P-N-C structure. This study serves as a performance reference for the production of cost-effective flame-resistant particleboards and offers a practical method for assessing its fire-resistant properties when used as a decorative finishing material on facades in real fire situations.
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KAMIYAMA, Hiroharu. "Special Issue/Recent Trend and Future of Surface Finishing for Printed Wiring Boards Reviews. Manufacturing Process of Printed Wiring Boards." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 7 (1993): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.566.
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Konstantinova, N. I., N. V. Smirnov, O. V. Krivoshapkina, and O. I. Molchadskiy. "On the Issue of Safe Use of Fiber Cement Materials in the Buildings and Structures." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 7 (July 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-7-35-41.
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Fiber cement finishing materials are widely used in the construction of industrial buildings and structures due to the complex of valuable operational properties. In the Russian market there are fiber-cement panels with a variety of design solutions for their coloring and application of protective coatings. Fiber cement board is a strong and moisture-resistant composite material made from a cement-sand mixture, reinforcing cellulose fibers and special additives. Not being a non-combustible material, the fiber cement boards in accordance with the current mandatory requirements, as a decorative, finishing and facing material for walls and ceilings have restrictions on their use. Existing domestic requirements regarding the methodology for assessing the combustibility of fiber cement products largely narrow the field of using these materials. Therefore, it is advisable to develop the proposals for amending the test methods and the regulatory framework governing their fire-safe extended scope. In the course of this work execution, the main provisions of the regulatory and methodological framework that establish the requirements for the fire-safe use of fiber cement materials are analyzed. Experimental complex studies of fire hazard properties of various types of samples of the fiber cement finishing panels and slabs were carried out. It is established that fiber-cement materials belong to the class of the least fire-hazardous materials. Advisability is determined concerning the introduction to the national regulatory practice of GOST R «Building materials. Test method for fire hazard under thermal exposure with a single burner (SBI)». Classification parameters of the group of non-combustible materials NG2 were established to amend GOST R 57270—2016 (method 1). Classification parameters of the group of non-combustible materials NG2 for making changes in GOST R 57270—2016 (method 1) are established. Proposals were developed to expand the scope of application of the materials and products made of fiber cement as enclosing structures, partitions, and decorative finishes (cladding) in the buildings and structures.
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Mendes, Luiz Tadeu Freire, Valtemar Fernandes Cardoso, and Ana Neilde Rodrigues Da Silva. "Electrochemical Migration on Lead-Free Soldering of PCBs." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 6, no. 2 (2011): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v6i2.349.
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It is well known that in printed circuits boards assembled by SMT technology may occur Electrochemical Migration (ECM). This phenomenon appears mainly because the new packaging has the terminals very close. Also the Electrochemical Migration may become a potential reliability problem in electronic soldering when lead free technology is used in soldering electronic devices. Electrochemical Migration is an electrochemical process where metal on an insulating material, in a humid environment and under an applied electric field, leaves its initial location in ionic form and redeposit. In a PCB two adjacent terminals may behave as electrodes so the dendrites grow from cathode to anode. It can show different morphologies with the different migration elements involved depending on the solder paste composition or PCB surface finishing. A structure with a comb shape printed on FR4 substrate was used in the experiments. The distance between the fingers in the structure was 102 or 254 micron, in order to simulate a real distance between dispositive terminals. The factors considered during the experiments were surface finishing (ENIG or HASL), solder paste composition, distance between terminals (102 or 254 micron) and applied voltage (2 or 3 V). All the experiments were done two times. It was observed that the solder paste and the surface finishing don’t influences the ECM process. Tin was the main metal that migrates. All the results obtained in these study agrees with the literature.
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Henke, Milena, Barbara Lis, and Tomasz Krystofiak. "Mechanical and Chemical Resistance of UV Coating Systems Prepared under Industrial Conditions Using LED Radiation." Polymers 15, no. 23 (2023): 4550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234550.
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The furniture industry constantly strives to search for ecological and cost-effective solutions in the production of wood-based composites. It is anticipated that furniture with a honeycomb core and HDF-facing will gain market share. Understanding how specific technical and procedural factors on the finishing line affect the resistance of coatings on furniture elements made of honeycomb boards was the main goal of the study. With the use of a digital microscope, the roughness of two different types of HDF was tested. On the industrial UV LED+Hg finishing line, 198 different surface coating variations were produced by applying five or six layers of varnish applied, ranging from 3 to 30 g/m2 and hardening them with various surface power densities. On the basis of statistical tests, the influence of individual factors on abrasion, impact, and scratch resistance was determined. The nanointendence test of the coatings was used to measure the hardness and elasticity modulus. The coloring caused by coffee traces was checked using a colorimeter. The findings confirm the conception that LED+Hg lamp modules can replace mercury and gallium-doped mercury lamps.
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Henke, Milena, Barbara Lis, and Tomasz Krystofiak. "Gloss Level of HDF Finished with Different Numbers of Layers and Hardened with UV Hg-Ga Lamps of Selected Power." Coatings 12, no. 4 (2022): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040533.
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A key feature of varnish coatings on furniture surfaces is their optical properties, which often determine customers’ purchase choices. Furniture may be produced using various boards, which are much cheaper than wood-based materials. For their finishing, among others, UV-cured varnish products are used. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different types of HDF boards, the amount of basecoat and topcoat applied, the number of layers, and the different lamp powers used for hardening on the gloss of coatings obtained using UV technology. The gloss was tested with a photoelectric apparatus. An auxiliary parameter in the assessment of the gloss of the coatings was the surface roughness, which was measured with the Mitutoyo SJ-210 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to obtain the results. Statistical considerations showed that the amount of topcoat applied, the power of the lamps, and the interactions between them had the greatest impact on gloss, followed by the number of layers. In general, the gloss of the coating decreased with a decrease in lamp power in the range of 120–60 W/cm and with an increase in the amount of topcoat applied.
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Suarjana, I. Wayan Gede, Bastian Rikardo Parhusip, and Moh Fikri Pomalingo. "Penerapan Green Ergonomics melalui Transformasi Limbah Serutan Kayu Menjadi Papan Partikel Ekonomis pada Kelompok Pengerajin Kayu Woloan Tomohon Sulawesi Utara." Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) 7, no. 12 (2024): 5522–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v7i12.17552.
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ABSTRAK Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah serutan kayu yang melimpah di kelompok pengrajin kayu Woloan, Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara, dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip green ergonomics. Program ini mengaplikasikan teknologi pengolahan kayu yang hemat energi dan ramah lingkungan untuk mengubah limbah serutan kayu menjadi papan partikel yang bernilai ekonomis. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan dan pemilahan limbah serutan kayu, desain produk yang mempertimbangkan karakteristik limbah, proses produksi yang efisien, serta finishing menggunakan bahan ramah lingkungan. Selain itu, pelatihan dan workshop ergonomi diadakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan produktivitas pekerja. Pengadaan alat press dengan sistem hidrolik juga dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas produksi. Hasil dari program ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan limbah serutan kayu dapat menghasilkan produk papan partikel berkualitas tinggi yang ramah lingkungan dan bernilai ekonomis. Pelatihan ergonomi berhasil mengurangi keluhan muskuloskeletal dan meningkatkan produktivitas pekerja. Pemasaran produk melalui media sosial dan platform e-commerce berhasil meningkatkan penjualan dan memperkenalkan produk ramah lingkungan kepada konsumen. Program ini tidak hanya memberikan solusi terhadap masalah limbah kayu, tetapi juga berkontribusi pada peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui penciptaan produk bernilai ekonomis dan peningkatan kesehatan pekerja. Kata Kunci: Green Ergonomics, Limbah Serutan Kayu, Papan Partikel Ekonomis, Pengerajin Kayu Woloan, Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan ABSTRACT This community service project aims to utilize the abundant wood shavings waste in the Woloan Woodcraft group, Tomohon, North Sulawesi, by applying green ergonomics principles. The program employs energy-efficient and environmentally friendly wood processing technology to transform wood shavings into economically valuable particle boards. The methods include collecting and sorting wood shavings, designing products that consider the characteristics of the waste, efficient production processes, and finishing with eco-friendly materials. Ergonomics training and workshops are also conducted to improve worker health and productivity. A press machine with a hydraulic system is also procured to increase production capacity. The results indicate that wood shavings waste can produce high-quality, eco-friendly, and economically valuable particle boards. Ergonomics training successfully reduced musculoskeletal complaints and increased worker productivity. Marketing the products through social media and e-commerce platforms boosted sales and introduced eco-friendly products to consumers. This program provides solutions to wood waste issues and contributes to community welfare by creating economically valuable products and improving worker health. Keywords: Green Ergonomics, Wood Shavings Waste, Economical Particle Boards, Woloan Woodcraft, Eco-Friendly Technology
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AOKI, Masamitsu. "Special Issue/Recent Trend and Future of Surface Finishing for Printed Wiring Boards Reviews. The Present and Future View on Printed Wiring Boards." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 7 (1993): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.558.
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NAKASO, Yosuke, Kohei TATEYAMA, Hiroyuki YAMADA, and Ken'ichi KAWAGUCHI. "COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF FINISHING MATERIALS SUCH AS GYPSUM BOARDS IN A WIDE RANGE OF STRAIN RATES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 84, no. 766 (2019): 1525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.84.1525.
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Permana, Aang Panji, Ayub Pratama Aris, Ronal Hutagalung, and Taufik Hidayansya. "Optimalisasi Program Revitalisasi Geosite Desa Botubarani Guna Kembangkan Potensi Geowisata." Jurnal Pengabdian Teknik Industri 3, no. 2 (2024): 32–38. https://doi.org/10.37905/jpti.v3i2.28023.
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Community service is carried out in Botubarani Village, Kabila Bone District, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. Botubarani Village has been known as a tourist area for whale sharks. Another tourism potential developed in Botubarani Village is a geosite to support geotourism development. Regarding the geotourism development plan, students of the Geological Engineering Study Program, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo carried out three programs concerned with the revitalization of Botubarani Village consisting of cleaning the geosite location, making geosite information boards and installing geosite information boards. To achieve this goal in carrying out the Independent Learning Campus (MBKM) Real Work Lecture (KKN), students of the Geological Engineering Study Program, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo implemented three stages of community service consisting of the preparation stage, the implementation stage and the last stage, namely finishing. The results of the community service implementation of the three geosite revitalization programs in Botubarani Village were successful with 100% performance because the community was very involved. The three programs that were carried out directly provided benefits from the initial lack of maintenance of the geosite to being cleaner and tidier. This condition clearly has a direct impact on tourist visits so that it will affect the economic improvement of the community around the geosite.
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CHIKUMA, Mitsuyasu. "Special Issue/Recent Trend and Future of Surface Finishing for Printed Wiring Boards Reviews. Copper Electroplating for Plated Through Hole of Printed Wiring Boards." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 7 (1993): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.583.
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HAYASHI, Toshio. "Special Issue/Recent Trend and Future of Surface Finishing for Printed Wiring Boards Reviews. Etching Technology for Printed Wiring Board Process." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 7 (1993): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.594.
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TAKEMURA, Nobutoshi. "Special Issue/Recent Trend and Future of Surface Finishing for Printed Wiring Boards Reviews. Latest Plating Equipment for Printed Wiring Board." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 7 (1993): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.609.
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Fahrussiam, Fauzan, Andi Tri Lestari, Nurul Chaerani, and Dini Lestari. "Modifikasi Permukaan Kayu Pinus Menggunakan Metode Finishing Tradisional Jepang – Yakisugi pada Beberapa Level Pengarangan." PERENNIAL 19, no. 1 (2023): 19–24. https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v19i1.26319.
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The yakisugi method is traditionally carried out by tying three boards together to form an elongated triangle and then burning until black charcoal is created on the wood surface evenly. Based on the efficiency of application, the yakisugi method is more efficient and simple than other heat treatment methods. In Indonesia, this method has not been widely developed both on a research and industrial scale. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the quality of yakisugi finishing on pine wood with parameters such as the length of the burning process (20 seconds and 30 seconds on a 70 cm2 area). The results showed that the pine wood burning process produced higher dimensional stability than pine without burning treatment with ASE values reaching about 56% at a burning time of 30''. Meanwhile, in the mechanical properties test, yakisugi methode provide lower values of MOE and MOR than the control sampel. Changing in wood properties to become more brittle after the combustion process is the main reason for this phenomenon. The combustion characteristics show that the duration of combustion does not give a different color change in the test sample after the charcoal cleaning process. However, the thickness of the charcoal produced at 30" showed a higher value of 4.5 mm.
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Tokarczyk, Maciej, Barbara Lis, and Tomasz Krystofiak. "Interlayer Adhesion of Coating System in Analogue and Digital Printing Technologies Formed on Lightweight Honeycomb Furniture Panels." Coatings 14, no. 9 (2024): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091124.
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This article concerns research into the influence of the energy dose distributed by UV lamps on selected parameters of varnish coatings formed during the varnishing process of lightweight cellular panels. The lightweight cellular board used in the study was made according to an innovative solution. The surface finishing of the boards was carried out using the roller method in combination with digital and analogue printing under industrial conditions. Contact angle measurements of the obtained varnish coatings were carried out, from which the surface free energy was calculated. In addition, interlayer adhesion was assessed by pull-off tests. Irrespective of the radiation dose, higher contact angle values (54.3–89.9°) were recorded for the last two applied layers (base coat 2 and base coat 3) than for the other coatings (39.6–64.1°). For all systems tested, the γsp component showed lower values (2.25–28.99 mJ/m2) than γsd (28.66–32.80 mJ/m2). The adhesion test results ranged from 0.5 to 0.9 MPa, although with varying types of delamination. Based on the test results, the most favourable variants from the furniture manufacturer’s point of view were selected that provided the desired level of adhesion, in which cohesive damage located within the substrate (A) predominated.
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MIURA, Takeshi, and Masaru SEITA. "Special Issue/Recent Trend and Future of Surface Finishing for Printed Wiring Boards Reviews. Tin-Lead Plating Technology for Printed Wiring Board." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 7 (1993): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.589.
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Ponomarenko, Larisa, Ekaterina Kantieva, and Anastasiya Kireeva. "Investigation of adhesive bond strength when facing furniture boards with flexible stone veneer." Forestry Engineering Journal 13, no. 4 (2024): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/9.
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Stone veneer has been known for a long time. But mostly it has been used as a finishing material, which is widely
 applied in decorating the outer surfaces of buildings and facilities. Stone veneer is a thin cut of natural stone - slate, which
 is applied to fiberglass or textiles. The thickness of the veneer is in the range of 2-3 mm. Stone veneer is available in the
 form of rolls or tiles. Due to its flexibility, it can be used to refine surfaces that have angles and small radius of curvature.
 The flexibility of stone veneer is a unique property, since natural stone is not flexible. In today’s world stone veneer is
 trying to find new fields of application. This material is used not only in interior and exterior designs, but also as a
 decorative coating of furniture panels. In this work we have established the possibility of wood board materials facing by
 stone veneer using standard technologies and the most common adhesives used in our country, such as urea-formaldehyde
 resin and polyvinyl acetate dispersion.
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Durham, Susan R., and Scott A. Shipman. "A 15-year review of pediatric neurosurgical fellowships: implications for the pediatric neurosurgical workforce." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 1, no. 6 (2008): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/ped/2008/1/6/429.
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Object The Accreditation Council for Pediatric Neurosurgical Fellowships (ACPNF) was established in 1992 to oversee fellowship training in pediatric neurological surgery. The present study is a review of all graduates from 1992 through 2006 to identify predictors of American Board of Pediatric Neurological Surgery (ABPNS) certification. Methods Basic demographic information including sex, year of graduation from residency, residency training program, year of fellowship training, and fellowship program was collected on each graduate from each of the 22 ACPNF programs. Individuals who did not meet ACPNF requirements (39 trainees) and those currently practicing in Canada (11 individuals) were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify predictors of ABPNS certification. Results Of the 193 ACPNF graduates, 143 individuals met the criteria for analysis. Currently, 70 (49%) are ABPNS certified. There is a mean period of 5.1 ± 2.4 years (range 2–13 years) between finishing fellowship and ABPNS certification. If those who are not expected to be sitting for the boards yet (2002–2006 graduates, 57 individuals) are removed, the rate of ABPNS certification is 66.3%. On average, 9.5 ±3.0 (range 4–16) fellows are trained per year. There is no statistically significant relationship between fellowship or residency training program and ABPNS certification. Conclusions Although the present training infrastructure has the theoretical capacity to train > 20 pediatric neurosurgeons each year, this analysis suggests that current levels will provide ~ 6 ABPNS-certified pediatric neurosurgeons annually. This raises the question of the sufficiency of the future pediatric neurosurgical workforce.
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Barbosa, Lilian Karoline Fernandes, Erika Cristina Nogueira Marques Pinheiro, and Paula Glysia Gomes dos Santos Gonçalves. "PROCESSO CONSTRUTIVO EM DRYWALL-ESTUDO DE CASO: PRÉDIO RESIDENCIAL DE MÚLTIPLOS PAVIMENTOS NA CIDADE DE MANAUS." Revista ft 29, no. 145 (2025): 15–16. https://doi.org/10.69849/revistaft/dt10202504222315.
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ABSTRACT The work in question is a case study about the construction system in Drywall structures. The focus is to describe the construction process of this dry system, considering the techniques used and the necessary labor to ensure the correct execution of the installation. It explores its impact on construction time, costs, and sustainability, in addition to investigating the challenges faced in the implementation of this system in the Amazon region. The adopted methodology includes a bibliographic research for theoretical grounding, analyzing the application of drywall. All stages of the process were observed, from site preparation to the final installation of drywall boards, in their standard, moisture-resistant, and fire-resistant versions, up to the final finishing, strictly following technical standards and controlled service manuals. The results demonstrated that drywall can improve the execution time of the project, reduce waste generation, and contribute to more sustainable practices. The study reinforces the importance of adequate planning and specific training to maximize the benefits of this construction technology. Keyword: Drywall, Execution, Construction time.
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Cahyadi, Catra Indra, Usman Usman, Hairul Amren, et al. "Training on Repairing the Winding Coil of a 1-Phase Electric Water Pump Motor." DIKDIMAS : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 3 (2023): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.58723/dikdimas.v2i3.216.
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Training skills and how the steps are learned as a learning activity for trainees, as well as starting from the theory about electric motors and practicing sequentially. Understanding each material given in the module is also needed to identify the coil winding of a 1 phase electric motor, especially a water pump. Learning activities are equipped with exercises or evaluations that become a benchmark for the training participants' mastery level. Trainees are expected to understand the explanation from the teaching team so that they can understand well the material that is the basis of repair planning, installing winding sleeves at Cern, winding copper email wire windings to mall boards, attaching windings to the grooves of water pump motors, connecting the main and auxiliary winding coils, tying the windings with nylon thread After finishing winding the wire coil, close the water pump motor that is ready to be rolled again and then test the motor that has been completed in rolling again. After participating in all learning activities in this training, participants are expected to follow the procedures from the planning stages of rolling, installing coil windings, and reinstallation for the quality of winding coils, with good quality and neatness.
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SAKISAKO, Hitoshi, Masashi KIMURA, and Yoshihiko MORIKAWA. "Special Issue/Recent Trend and Future of Surface Finishing for Printed Wiring Boards Reviews. Pretreatment for Eelctroplating of Printed Wiring Board. Black Oxide Treatment, Desmear Treatment." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 7 (1993): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.573.
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MIURA, Takeshi, and Shigeru KODAIRA. "Special Issue/Recent Trend and Future of Surface Finishing for Printed Wiring Boards Reviews. Immersion Tin-Lead Plating for Surface Mount Technology." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 7 (1993): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.605.
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Rabajczyk, Anna, Maria Zielecka, and Daniel Małozięć. "Hazards Resulting from the Burning Wood Impregnated with Selected Chemical Compounds." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (2020): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176093.
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In the construction industry, a variety wooden products have been used for thousands of years, according to demand, accessibility/availability, and customers’ requirements. Wood is a preferred material due to its large range of properties, depending on the type of wood. It is an easily available and economically competitive material, and it is also extremely strong in relation to its weight. Therefore, it is used in the production of construction materials, building parts, and finishing components, as well as for furniture and decorative elements. Each of these products is commonly additionally chemically treated in order to improve its performance parameters. However, impregnated wooden products such as furniture and fence boards are often misused, including for house heating, waste incineration, bonfires, etc. For this reason, among the products of combustion, there is a whole range of different chemical compounds, frequently carcinogenic, and dangerous for health and the environment, for example, heavy metals. Knowledge in this field is important for professions, such as: firefighter, lifeguard, people dealing with environmental management, and units responsible for waste landfills. On the other hand, important recipients of this information are ordinary residents who, due to a lack of knowledge, use such materials as e.g., heating material.
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Alharithy, Ruaa, Hend M. Alotaibi, Asem Shadid, et al. "Recent Trends in Dermatologists’ Career Choices: A Cross-sectional Study in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine 6, no. 4 (2023): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_49_23.
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Background: Several factors might affect career choice. Limited studies have been conducted to explore these factors among dermatologists. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine prevalent career preferences among Saudi dermatologists and assess the factors associated with those preferences. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: An online questionnaire was disseminated among 110 Saudi dermatologists who graduated from the national or international dermatology boards in Saudi Arabia between April and July 2020. Main Outcome Measures: Dermatologists’ career choices and associated factors after dermatology board training. Results: Out of the participating dermatologists, 50% were females, and 50% were males. A total of 80% of participants were married, and 74.5% had children. 43.6% of dermatologists decided to pursue academic careers postresidency, 35.5% opted for private practice, and 20.9% opted for governmental clinical practice (Ministry of Health [MOH]/non-MOH). Gaining new skills, a perceived favorable job market, and earning/income potential was the most common motive for pursuing a fellowship, whereas geographic distribution and working hours were the least common motives. Participants aged 46 years and above had a 6.02-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–24.15) higher odds of choosing clinical practice over academics compared to participants aged 30–35 years. Having children was associated with a 2.83-fold (95% CI: 1.07–7.50) higher odds of choosing clinical practice over academic. Conclusions: The surveyed dermatologists preferred clinical practice just after residency. After finishing their residency, more than half of the respondents decided to pursue a fellowship. The most important reasons for pursuing a fellowship are the acquisition of new skills and the enhancement of employment opportunities, whereas prestige is the least essential factor. Older age and having children were strongly associated with the odds of choosing clinical practice over academic.
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Geležiūnas, Valdemaras, Karolis Banionis, Valdas Paukštys, and Jurga Kumžienė. "Development of air tightness prediction method of masonry walls." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017205009.
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Recently, the construction of external walls of various blocks, which are externally insulated with mineral wool thermal insulation layer, with ventilated air gap and external finishing (ventilated wall structures) is becoming popular for public and office buildings. These blocks are used without internal rendering because they have a good interior surface, stable dimensions, and various filling of masonry joints provide an attractive architectural appearance. This reduces the cost and duration of construction work, however, problems with airtightness of such walls often occur. The air can penetrate through blocks or their joints, and the thermal insulation and wind protection layer does not usually provide the required air tightness of the wall. Currently, there are no standard methods to predict the air tightness of such wall, in practice, samples of particular walls are produced and their air permeability is measured at the laboratories. This is a costly job, which is only suitable for a combination of particular building materials. For the broader use of results of laboratory air permeability measurements, a methodology has been developed to predict the air permeability of block masonry walls using experimentally determined air flow resistances of the individual layers. The masonry from blocks, made of ceramic, expanded clay and aerated concrete with various joints, were used for the research; mineral wool boards of various air permeability were used for thermal insulation and wind protection layer. After measuring the air resistance of masonry units, thermal insulation and wind protection boards, the air flow resistances of the walls of different construction were calculated. The comparison of calculated and measured air permeability of wall samples showed that in cases where the nature of air movement (laminar to turbulent) through a single material remains similar with the nature of air movement through the product incorporated in the structure, the calculation and measurement data differ no more than 12-15%. In structures with building products with very different air permeability properties, especially at high thicknesses of air permeable thermal insulation products, air movement parameters change occurs and calculated and measured results have larger differences.
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Tokarczyk, Maciej, Barbara Lis, and Tomasz Krystofiak. "Influence of Finishing Process Parameters of HDF Boards on Selected Properties of Coatings in Modern UV Lines and Their Relation to Energy Consumption." Materials 17, no. 22 (2024): 5393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17225393.
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This study analyzes the influence of energy generated by emitters on the adhesive properties of varnish coatings in multilayer UV systems. The experimental material, in the form of a cell board finished with UV varnish products, was prepared on a prototype line under the conditions of Borne Furniture in Gorzów Wielkopolski. The roughness and wettability were measured using a OneAttension tensiometer integrated with a topographic module, taking into account the Wenzel coefficient. The adhesion of the examined systems was verified using the PositiTest AT-A automatic pull-off device. Energy consumption by the prototype production line was compared to the standard line, utilizing mercury emitters and mercury emitters with added gallium. Energy consumption was calculated for selected variants. The influence of the Wenzel coefficient on the wettability angle was observed. Significant differences between contact angles (CA and CAc) were noted for coatings formed with sealers (stages I and II). The largest discrepancies, reaching up to 30 degrees, were recorded at the lowest UVA and UVV doses of 26 mJ/cm2. In adhesion tests, values below 1 MPa were obtained. Insufficient energy doses in the curing process of UV systems led to delamination between the coatings. Five variants were selected where delamination within the substrate predominated (˃90% A) and were characterized by the lowest energy consumption in the processes. Topographic images helped identify the presence of various surface microstructures at different stages of the production cycle. The greatest energy savings, up to 50%, were achieved in stages III and IV of the technological process.
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Ivanov-Kostetskyi, Serhii. "Architectural Environmental, And Process Flow in Constructing Modern Factories for Manufacturing Eco-Friendly Furniture." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (2021): 022100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022100.
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Abstract Today, a dominant trend in factory construction is to account for the eco-economic aspects of their further operations. It requires sustainable technological solutions, with regard for structural specificities or for production technology used. At the same time, the buildings shall be architecturally attractive and distinct. In the paper, the author considered architectural, technological, structural, ecological, and economic factors for construction of wood-processing and furniture-making facilities. The author analyzed the actual Project Design to build the type of facility in Krekhiv village, Zhovkva district, Lviv region (western Ukraine) as commissioned by a well-known French company (the author have been engaged in the design). The study focused on a wood-processing Woodman company designed for the midtech production of edge glued panels and furniture. According to the design documentation by types of products planned, the Project Design provided for the following production units: unit for wood-sawing and drying; unit for mechanical processing of wood, production of edge glued panels and furniture; unit for mechanical repairs; and an administrative and services unit. The anticipated annual production capacity is: for edge glued panels – 600 m3 a year, furniture production– up to 4,000 pc a year. “Wood-sawing unit”, according to the Project Design, is organized according to the following principles of production technology based on the stages and operations: stockholding and storage of round timber (sawtimber); cutting the sawtimber into the shaped timber and logs; stocking the sawn timber (untrimmed boards) into stockpiles and on separators for further atmospheric and chamber drying. Sawn timber drying is taking place in the “Drying Unit”. It is the process of moisture removal from timber to a certain degree of humidity. The Project Design provided for the atmospheric drying of logs and boards in the furnished stockpiles under the roof, and artificial seasoning in a steam-curing and drying chambers. The artificial seasoning technology for sawn timber and logs is organized with the help of drying chambers and a boiler room with a sawdust bunker. The “Unit for Mechanical Wood Processing, Production of Edged Glued Panels and Furniture” is used for production of the edged glued panels from the sawn timber coming from hardwood (beech, oak). The production process of the edged glued panels includes the following stages: 1) cross-cutting of dry boards; 2) line cutting of board edges for the rough-sawn stock; 3) primary mechanical processing; 4) sorting by quality, color; 5) end-jointing gluing line; 6) log finishing; 7) press-molding of logs into panels; 8) panel surface preparation; 9) size cutting; 10) preservative treatment; 11) quality control; 12) storage and sales. "Administrative and Service Block", according to the Project Design, is an inbuilt part of the Main Building (Unit). It is a two-story insert separated with the fire safety barriers from the manufacturing facilities. It has isolated outside entrances and a technological corridor linking the manufacturing facilities. With account for production process requirements, fire safety, and sanitary standards, the Unit is divided into several personal services rooms for the staff and administrative rooms.
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Clement, Segun A. "MODELING SIZE-DENSITY RELATIONSHIP AND THINNING REGIME FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TECTONA GRANDIS STANDS IN ADO TEAK PLANTATION, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (2022): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0602-1705.
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Tectona grandis is used for sawn timber, poles, cutting boards, indoor flooring, as a veneer for indoor finishing, medicinal products and shade in Ijan community. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the limits of the possible maximum density the stands can sustain that would lead actions to control competition and growing space. A total of thirty (30) temporary sample plots of 400 m2 in an even-aged stands of the plantation was laid. Density, quadratic mean diameter, height diameter and volume models were processed and estimated. The results showed that model one (1) of the H-D, model three of the volume and the stochastic frontier half normal (SF HN) model had the lowest selection indices, therefore, were selected as the grand and suitable models for proper management of the plantation. The stochastic frontier half normal (SF HN) model was apt to raise Reineke’s model parameters and applied to predict the stand density index. The stand density index allowed the simulation of thinning regime for the stand and suggested the best management strategies to optimize the growing space and the redistribution of growth of the remaining trees. These tools are keys for decision making when proposing cutting intensities in thinnings that prepare the plantation for the final harvest. The thinning regime should be specific for each stand, depending on its quadratic mean diameter and the number of trees per hectare, as well as the type of products to which the trees are to be removed.
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Sang, Ruijuan, Shuqi Yang, and Zhenxian Fan. "Effects of MDF Substrate Surface Coating Process on UV Inkjet Print Quality." Coatings 13, no. 5 (2023): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050970.
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The structural properties and whiteness of the substrate surface markedly effect printing quality and are closely related to the primer coating processes. Herein, four different roller coating schemes were applied on MDF surfaces to change their structural properties and color, and the whiteness, gloss, and roughness properties of the substrate surfaces were characterized for UV inkjet printing. Data analysis was conducted to explore the effects of these variables on the color reproduction, relative contrast, and printing gloss of the MDF substrates. The results showed that, according to CMYK, L*a*b* values and spectral reflectance data, the finishing of the MDF substrate with a 40 g/m2 layer of transparent primer combined with three layers of white primer at 20 g/m2 per roll coating layer had the best color reproduction effect for UV inkjet printing. Regarding the effects of relative contrast, the correlation with whiteness and glossiness was significant, while the correlation with glossiness was minor. The inkjet printing gloss value was positively correlated with substrate primer surface whiteness, while it was negatively correlated with roughness. When the surface whiteness of the substrate was relatively high, the roughness was lower and the printing effects were glossier. We sought to optimize the printing effects of all aspects of the MDF substrate by primer coating. The results of this work provide a feasible application method to improve printing quality and enhance the added value of low-quality boards, as well as to further expand the application of UV inkjet printing in the wood decoration market.
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Nevinsky, А. G., and V. A. Chvyr. "COMPOSITES BASED ON SECONDARY POLYVINYL CHLORIDE RAW AND WOOD WASTE." Modern construction and architecture, no. 1 (September 29, 2022): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2786-6696-2022-1-70-76.
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A solution to the problem of rational use of secondary polymeric raw materials and wood waste is presented by creating composite materials for structural and decorative purposes on their basis. Wood-polymer composites (WPC) are modern materials made from a mixture of an organic thermoplastic polymer and a plant-based filler. To obtain WPC, various fillers and thermoplastic binders are used. Work in this direction is being actively carried out and the production of WPC (molded, sheet, complex profile) is widely mastered in the world. In order to significantly reduce the cost of composites while maintaining their physical, mechanical and operational characteristics, studies were carried out on the use of secondary raw materials as the main raw material. The object of the study was the most large-tonnage types of waste polymeric thermoplastic materials, in particular, polyvinyl chloride, which is formed both in the process of its industrial production, and in the field of industrial and domestic consumption, as well as soft waste from sawmilling and woodworking (sawdust, shavings). In the studies, the direct extrusion method was used. Based on the results of a complex of studies, the optimal technological parameters of the extrusion processing mode of the developed press compositions were determined, which have sufficient manufacturability and ensure high physical, mechanical and operational performance of the created composites at their minimum cost. The optimal content of the modified polymer component in the press composition should be in the range of 40–50% wt., depending on the purpose of products from this composite. From a wide range of additives, only the most, in our opinion, significant and affordable additives were used: calcium stearate (stabilizer and lubricant), dioctyl phthalate (plasticizer). These additives provide the necessary thermal stability and fluidity of the press composition during extrusion, as well as a certain light and thermal stability during product operation. The best performance is for a composite based on wood particles of medium fraction (l = 2.0…8.0 mm), which is characterized by an optimal structure of reinforcing particles and uniform distribution of the binder. Comprehensive evaluation tests (physical-mechanical, technological, operational, sanitary and hygienic) of WPC based on polyvinyl chloride waste and soft wood waste showed the practical possibility and expediency of creating and mastering the production of structural and decorative and finishing profile elements that are not inferior in basic properties to coniferous wood products rocks or polymers. On an industrial scale, on the basis of domestic equipment, in particular, the WP 90×25 extruder with modified working bodies, a wide range of products has been launched (for example: flooring profiles for civil and industrial construction, finishing boards, platbands, plinths, etc.).
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Huang, Nan, Xiaoxing Yan, and Wenting Zhao. "Influence of Photochromic Microcapsules on Properties of Waterborne Coating on Wood and Metal Substrates." Coatings 12, no. 11 (2022): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111750.
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With the development of the economy and science and technology, consumers have put forward higher requirements for the functionality of surface coatings on wood products and metal products, which requires us to endow traditional coatings with new functions. Innovative research of coatings has been a research hotspot in recent years, and the combination of microencapsulation technology with coatings is a research direction attracting much attention. In this paper, a kind of spirooxazine color-changing microcapsules containing photochromic purple dye was selected to explore the effect of different loadings of the photochromic microcapsules on the properties of the coatings. The photochromic microcapsules were added to the waterborne coating with loadings of 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0% and 25.0%. The coatings were coated on Tilia europaea boards and aluminum alloy plates to explore the optical properties, mechanical properties, cold liquid resistance and aging resistance of the coatings. The results showed that the coating had good photochromic property on wood substrate and metal substrate. When the loading was 15.0% and 10.0%, the comprehensive performance of the coating was good. The color difference of the coating before and after photochromism was 51.0 and 62.0, the glossiness was 7.1% and 15.9%, the hardness was 3H, the adhesion grade was 1, the impact resistance was 4 kg·cm, the roughness was 1.2 μm and 0.9 μm and the liquid resistance grade was 1. The research results show that the photochromic microcapsule can endow the paint with a reversible color change function and improve some mechanical properties of the coating, which indicates that the composite prepared in this study can be used in the surface finishing of wood and metal and has certain research value and application potential.
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Ii, Yoshihito, Hiroki Okubo, Shoichi Fukui, et al. "The Intermediate Barrier Performance of Electroless Co-W-B / Ni-P Stacked Deposits Between Cu and Solder Joint." Journal of Surface Mount Technology 37, no. 3 (2024): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37665/vgc9wg15.
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Nickel (Ni) is one of the most common surface finishing materials for solder joint and wire bonding because it can behave as the diffusion barrier for Copper (Cu) and bring excellent reliability. Electroless Ni plating has many advantages such as high productivity, good thickness uniformity, and the deposition ability for isolated patterns of printed circuit boards without supplying electrolytic power. Electroless Ni plating is widely used as the jointing material for Tin (Sn) or Sn alloy solder in printed circuit boards, lead frames, and so on. The amorphous deposits of electroless Nickel-Phosphorus (Ni-P) generate the intermetallic compounds (IMC) with solder after the reflow and the remaining Ni behaves as the barrier between Cu and solder. In this time, the P amount of Ni-P deposits generally have the impact to the growth of IMC. Electroless Ni-P with high P (high P Ni) such as 10-12 wt% has been selected to achieve both corrosion resistance and solder joint reliability. Because the growth of Sn-Ni IMC between high P Ni is faster than deposits with lower P, the target thickness of high P Ni has been set to approximately 10 µm to sustain the Ni-P layer as the barrier layer between Cu and solder during reflow. However, if the Ni-Sn IMC is repeatedly formed and dissolved by the diffusion after solder jointing, the Ni-P layer reduces and finally disappears. As a result, an additional barrier layer is desirable for higher reliability. In this study, we investigated adding electroless Cobalt-Tungsten-Boron (Co-W-B) as a new intermediate barrier between Cu and solder jointing. We evaluated the bonding strength and IMC analysis after mounting Sn-Cu-Ni-P type solder on Cu/Co-W-B/Ni-P by using different reflow profiles. Results showed that Co-W-B 0.1-0.2 µm/Ni-P 1-2 µm stacked deposits had excellent bonding strength even though the Ni-P thickness is thinner such as 1 µm. After mounting solder, a P-rich layer was generated on the Co-W-B layer in cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) observation. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) –Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS, STEMEDS) analysis showed the P-rich layer and Co-W-B layer prevented diffusion between solder and Cu. Furthermore, even if after the thermal loading of high temperature, the bonding strength was excellent. Additionally, the cross-section analysis of STEM-EDS revealed that a thin layer composed of Ni, Co and P was formed between Co-W-B and the P-rich layer. This thin layer also might behave as the barrier for solder. In conclusion, Co-W-B / Ni-P stacked deposits exhibited excellent reliability as the additional intermediate barrier layer between Cu and solder.
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Calderon Diaz, Julia A., Maria Rodrigues da Costa, and Edgar Garcia Manzanilla. "212 Biosecurity practices associated with negative farm status for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and swine influenza virus in farrow-to-finish pig farms." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.009.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to identify biosecurity practices associated negative status (-) for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), and swine influenza virus (SIV) in pig farms. Biosecurity practices were assessed using the Biocheck.UGentTM questionnaire in 54 Irish farrow-to-finish pig farms. For each farm, a batch of pigs was observed at slaughter and blood samples were collected from 32 randomly selected pigs per farm at exsanguination. Serology analysis was performed using IDEXX ELISA kits and farms were classified with either positive or negative status for each of the respiratory diseases. Data were analysed using univariable logistic regression in PROC GENMOD of SAS v9.4. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) and their associated 95% confidence interval (CI). Regularly cleaning materials used for disease treatment between litters (OR=8.2, CI=0.97-69.87), cleaning driving boards (OR=5.5, CI=1.07-28.20) and a maximal density of 3 pigs/m2 in the nursery were associated (P&lt; 0.05) with an increased likelihood of MHYO(-). The feeding company meeting special hygienic requirements (OR=3.84, CI=1.14-12.95) and a strict all-in-all-out management in each finishing room (OR=3.84, CI=1.14-12.95) were associated (P&lt; 0.05) with an increased likelihood of PRRSv(-). However, having disinfection baths between each room (OR=0.20, CI=0.06-0.68) and footbaths installed at the entrance of each building (OR=0.15, CI=0.04-0.52) were associated (P&lt; 0.05) with decreased likelihood of PRRSv(-). Only allowing visitors’ access to the farm from a hygiene lock (OR=4.41, CI=1.04-18.71), and minimal piglet handling during lactation were associated with an increased likelihood of SIV(-) (P&lt; 0.05). Results indicate that biosecurity practices regarding cleaning and disinfection and animal management are the most associated with a negative farm status for respiratory disease. It is possible that the biosecurity practices implemented in farms with lower likelihood for negative status were applied in a more ‘reactionary’ than ‘preventive’ manner.
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Anderson, Paul L., Robert B. Morrison, David G. Thawley, and Tom Molitor. "Identification of pseudorabies virus-infected swine herds by evaluating the serostatus of boars or finishing pigs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 195, no. 12 (1989): 1709–11. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1989.195.12.1709.
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SUMMARY Data were collected from 39 Minnesota swine farms quarantined for pseudorabies virus (prv) infection. Each herd was serologically evaluated for antibodies to prv in the sows, boars, and finishing pigs. To identify prv-seropositive swine herds, the Kappa statistic was used to estimate the effectiveness of evaluating the prv serostatus of boars or of finishing pigs. Using the serostatus of all herd boars, the sensitivity (with 95% confidence interval) of identifying prv-infected herds was 58 ± 22%, and the specificity was 100 ± 0%; Kappa statistic was 0.55. Using the serostatus of a representative sample of finishing pigs, the sensitivity of identifying prv-infected herds (with 95% confidence interval) was 63 ± 22%, and specificity was 87 ± 23%; Kappa statistic was 0.40. The prv serostatus of herd boars or of a representative sample of finishing pigs did not accurately reflect the prv serostatus of the herd.