Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Finita verb'
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Dickson, Ninni. "Meningen med rubriken : En analys av hur rubrikerna i tre svenska dagstidningar har förändrats på 25 år." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Svenska/Nordiska språk, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194768.
Full textPeyre, Georges. "Méthode EF2 et hyperréduction de modèle : vers des calculs massifs à l'échelle micro." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0026/document.
Full textModel Order Reduction (MOR) methods are used to cope with high computational costs typically involved in parametric analysis of structures requiring a huge number of almost similar simulations. Among them, a so-called hyperreduction method suitable for non-linear mechanical finite element (FE) problems is studied. An objected-oriented approach to deal with it in the framework of a FE software is carried out. The software design takes advantage of a two-level process : a so-called offline computation step in which the reduced model is set up based on collected snapshots of mechanical system states and an online high-speed reduced computation which runs the reduced model. The code design relying on a reduced element is expected to enhance performance, to give a clearer view over the process and to favour code reuse in subsequent developments of the method. Futhermore, the hyperreduction method is reviewed and is deeply improved : vector and tensor bases are introduced to deal with non-scalar fields which arise in non-linear mechanical FE problems and the mechanical balance is ensured in the extrapolation phase. A particular emphasis is placed on the treatment of free and periodic boundary conditions. In this approach, the boundary conditions at the edge of the reduced integration domain are enforced in the reduced balance equations. Numerical toy examples of elasticity fiber/matrix inclusions as well as a full adaptative non-linear simluation are provided to show the capabilities of the implementation. To take into account microstructural behaviors, FE2 methods consist in splitting the computation into two scales. At the micro scale the material constitutive equations are integrated over periodic RVEs. The behavior of the macro structure is carried out by a homogeneized process. A multidimensional hyperreduction method is applied to the massive micro problem composed of the set of the periodic RVEs. A BFGS algorithm is used to update the macro tangent matrices at each integration Gauss point. Some speed-ups are recorded for low dimensional models. However, as the number of degrees of freedom increases, the multidimensional hyperreduction method is proved to be far less efficient to cut computational costs down
Kejonen, Olle. "”Saama nähhä!” : Verbböjning i meänkieli i jämförelse med finska och kvänska." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Finsk-ugriska språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303167.
Full textSena, Giuseppe A. (Giuseppe Antonio). "Very large scale finite differences in modeling of seismic waves." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58055.
Full textDinh, Van Quang. "Vers une simulation par éléments finis en temps réel pour le génie électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT093/document.
Full textThe physical phenomena in the electrical engineering field are based on Maxwell's equations in which solutions are functions verifying the material properties and satisfying certain boundary conditions on the field. The finite element method (FEM) is the most commonly used method to calculate the solutions of these equations and deduce the magnetic and electric fields.Nowadays, the parallel computing on graphics processors offers a very high computing performance over traditional calculation by CPU. The GPU-accelerated computing makes use of a graphics processing unit (GPU) together with a CPU to accelerate many applications in science and engineering. It enables massively parallelized tasks and thus accelerate the performance by offloading the compute-intensive portions of the application to the GPU while the remainder of the application still runs on the CPU.The thesis deals with the modeling in the magnetic field using the finite element method. The aim of the thesis is to improve the performance of the MEF by taking advantage of the high performance parallel computing on the GPU. Thus if the calculation can be performed in near real-time, the simulation tools would become an intuitive design tool which allow for example to "feel" the sensitivity of a design modification of geometric and physical parameters. A new field of use of simulation codes would open. This is the theme of this work, which tries to accelerate the different phases of a simulation to make the whole almost instantaneous. So in this thesis, the meshing, the numerical integration, the assembly, the resolution and the post processing are discussed respectively. For each phase, the methods in the literature are examined and new approaches are proposed. The performances are analyzed and compared. The implementation details are described as the overall performance of GPU approaches are closely linked to these choices
Le, Cunff Loïc. "Vers des métamatériaux intégrés à pertes compensées : modélisation." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0033/document.
Full textOver the last decades, metamaterials have been shown to exhibit extraordinary properties. These properties could allow the design of new devices such as negative refractive index lenses, cloaking devices and perfectly flat lenses. This PhD is part of the ANR METAPHOTONIQUE project and its main objective was to study the potential of metamaterials for integrated photonics at telecommunication wavelengths. This required to first better understand the behavior of metamaterials, which led us to study effective index models. The retrieval of effective optical parameters required to be able to simulate the optical response of metamaterials under oblique incidence excitation. Due to this, we had to study and implement such methods for FDTD computations. Our work also showed that asymmetrical metamaterials possessed the ability to make the polarization of guided modes rotate. This allowed us to design and characterize a potential device for integrated photonics, which effectively converts the polarization of guided modes over lengths shorter than half the wavelength. A secondary goal of this PhD was to study the potential compensation of losses occuring within the metallic nanostructures of our metamaterials through the use of materials with gain. Thus, a model allowing us to simulate such materials in FDTD has been implemented
Nieuwoudt, Bernard Andre. "Aspects of the translation technique of the Septuagint : the finite verb in the Septuagint of Deuteronomy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/69510.
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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Two major religions, Judaism and Christianity, use the ancient Hebrew Bible as Holy Scripture. These books were translated in the last three centuries before the common era. The oldest of these translations is the Septuagint, a Greek translation. Not only are the Hebrew and Greek texts that were involved in the original translation process missing, but precious little is known about the doctrine and translation methods of the translators of the Septuagint. Much can be learned about these crucial issues, however, if the translation technique followed by those ancient translators is studied by comparing the present Hebrew and Greek texts. A new method to determine and describe the translation technique of the Septuagint was proposed and tested in this dissertation. This method is based on the use of the Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Studies (CATSS) data base and statistical methods. The translation technique of the book Deuteronomy was described using different criteria, all of which measure the frequency of non-literal renderings. Three different groups of criteria were utilized, viz. the Tov criteria as proposed by E. Tov, criteria defined using the markers in the CATSS data base called the CATSS criteria, and grammatical criteria using the person of the verb. Each criterion was applied to the data base individually. The translation units were determined first, after which the translation technique found within the translation unit was described. The methodology implemented discriminates between significant and insignificant trends in translation technique. It became clear that the results of the different criteria indicate different translation units and different translation techniques for each of the criteria. Except for some criteria using the person of the verb, very little indication was found that the traditional translation units are supported by the data used in this study. In fact, it seems as if translation units should be determined before the translation technique is described. The translation technique should then be described according to the indicated units. Not all the Tov criteria could be utilized, but their results are in agreement to some extent. The CATSS criteria proved to be more difficult to implement than expected, but some of the criteria rendered excellent results. The person of the verb was discussed in detail using 12 different criteria. The results of the criteria utilizing the person of the verb are disappointing, and provide some scope for future research. The results rendered by this new approach are firm and easy to interpret. In addition, it is possible to utilize these results when dealing with specific text-critical problems.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die antieke Hebreeuse Bybel word deur twee godsdienstige groepe, Judaisme en die Christendom, as Heilige Skrif gebruik. Hierdie boeke is in die laaste drie eeue voor die begin van die huidige era vertaal. Die oudste vertaling is die Griekse vertaling, genoemd die Septuagint. Die Hebreeuse en die Griekse tekste wat by hierdie vertaalproses betrokke was, is verlore. Daarbenewens is bale min van die lering en vertalingstegniek van die vertalers van die Septuagint bekend. Indien die vertalingstegniek, wat deur hierdie vertalers gevolg is, bestudeer word deur die huidige Hebreeuse en Griekse tekste met mekaar te vergelyk, kan daar lig op hierdie probleme gewerp word. 'n Nuwe metode waarvolgens die vertalingstegniek van die Septuagint bepaal en omskryf kan word, is in hierdie verhandeling voorgestel en getoets. Die metodologie is gebaseer op die gebruik van die Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Studies (CATSS) databasis en statistiese metodes. Die vertalingstegniek van die boek Deuteronomium is omskryf deur gebruik te maak van verskillende kriteria, wat almal die frekwensie van nie-letterlike vertalingselemente meet. Drie verskillende groepe kriteria is gebruik, nl. die Tov-kriteria, soos voorgestel deur E. Toy, die CATSS-kriteria, gebaseer op merkers in die CATSS databasis en grammatikale kriteria, in die vorm van die persoon van die werkwoord. Elke kriterium is individueel op die databasis toegepas. Die vertalingseenhede is eers vasgestel, waarna die vertalingstegniek beskryf is. Die metodologie wat gebruik is, onderskei tussen betekenisvolle en nie-betekenisvolle neigings in vertalingstegniek. Dit is duidelik dat die resultate van die verskillende kriteria verskillende vertalingseenhede en verskillende vertalingstegnieke vir elk van die kriteria aandui. Uitgesonder sommige kriteria, wat gebruik maak van die persoon van die werkwoord, is daar baie min ondersteuning gevind vir die handhawing van tradisionele vertalingseenhede. Dit wil eerder voorkom asof vertalingseenhede bepaal moet word voordat daar met die beskrywing van vertalingstegniek voortgegaan kan word. Die vertalingstegniek moet dan beskryf word met inagneming van die verskillende vertalingseenhede. Nie al die Tov-kriteria kon gebruik word nie, maar die resultate van die wat gebruik kon word, stem tot 'n mate ooreen. Dit het geblyk dat die CATSS-kriteria baie moeiliker was om te implementeer as wat verwag is. Sommige van hierdie kriteria het egter uitstekende resultate gelewer. Die persoon van die werkwoord is in nouere besonderhede ondersoek, deur gebruik te maak van 12 verskillende kriteria. Die resultate van die kriteria wat van die persoon van die werkwoord gebruik gemaak het, is teleurstellend, en bied moontlikhede vir addisionele navorsing. Die resultate wat deur die nuwe metode van ondersoek gelewer word, is vas en maklik om te interpreteer. Dit is ook moontlik om hierdie resultate te gebruik wanneer spesifieke tekskritiese probleme ondersoek moet word.
Clouet, Boris. "Comportement hydromécanique d'assemblages bois collés à l'état vert : approches expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0036/document.
Full textThe development of new adhesives during the last decades has implied radically changes in the sawmill industry. The gluing of unseasonned wood, called green gluing, allows a new order in the process of engineered wood products, thanks to the final position of the drying step. Nevertheless, the jointing prevents the free shrinkage of wood during the mass transfer, involving a stress development. Nowadays, numerous drying models have been developed to predict the deformations and stresses of wood, but few have been confirmed by experimental tests. For an organic material such as wood, the measurement of hygromechanical properties will be more efficient if there is no interaction between the material and the measurement system. One of the most promising experimental techniques for this kind of issue is noncontact optical measurement based on Digital Image Correlation principles. The objective of this study is to evaluate by experimental and numerical solutions the stress development in green-glued wood laminated timber subjected to drying conditions. An experimental method has been set up and the results allow to validate a numerical finite elements model. The model which has been chosen is an orthotropic elastic model, able to describe the morphology of the wood material. This study allows to identify the parameters governing the damage of the interface. This approach leads to suggest some preconizationsin order to optimize the behavior of product during the drying procedure
Berger, Mikael. "Ledföljdsvariation i svenska : Verb, semantik och syntax i samband med lång objektsflytt." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32232.
Full textPenz, Sébastien. "Modélisation et inversion de données électriques en courant continu : vers une prise en compte efficace de la topographie." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00796438.
Full textPerrin, David. "Vers un outil d'aide à la décision pour le traitement des anévrismes par endochirurgie." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0807/document.
Full textAbdominal aortic aneurysm is a pathology which needs to be treated by surgery when its diameter reaches 5.5cm, due to high risk of rupture that is often lethal. Endovascular repair consists in deploying a stent-graft inside the aneurysmal sac to exclude it from the blood flow. However, the drawback of this surgery is the relatively important post-operative complication rate at long-term, requiring costly secondary interventions. The origin of these complications is mainly related to mechanics and therefore, they could be prevented thanks to numerical simulation.The objective of this thesis is to elaborate a simulation methodology to deploy in silico stent-grafts in patient-specific aneurysms. The ultimate goal is to provide practioners with a computer aided decision tool to improve their pre-operative planning.A methodology was developed to simulate the deployment of bifurcated stent-grafts, composed of several modules, in patient-specific aortic aneurysms, whatever their geometry. Finite-element analyses were performed on several clinical cases from real patients, some of them which were highly tortuous and complex for practioners to achieve an accurate preoperative planning. The methodology was validated by comparing numerical results with the position of the stents in the post-operative scans.The ability of finite-element analyses to simulate stent-graft deployment in patient-specific aortic aneurysm geometries was proved in this thesis. Simulations have great potential for adapting stent-grafts to each patient and for anticipating possible post-operative complications at the stage of pre-operative planning
Wallerö, Emma. "Automatic morphological analysis of L-verbs in Palula." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182528.
Full textDenna studie undersöker möjligheterna för en automatisk morfologisk analys av L-verb i språket Palula med hjälp av finit tillståndsteknik och två-nivå-morfologi samt övervakad maskininlärning. Den typ av maskininlärning som används i studien är neurala Sekvens till Sekvens-modeller. En morfologisk transduktor är skapad med verktyget Helsinki Finite-State Transducer Technology, HFST, som täcker L-verben i Palula. Flera Sekvens till Sekvens-modeller tränas på set av L-verb med morfologisk taggningsannotation. En modell tränas på ett litet set av manuellt annoterade data och fyra modeller tränas på olika mängder träningsdata som genererats av den finita tillstånds-transduktorn. Effektiviteten och noggrannheten för dessa modeller undersöks. Sekvens till Sekvens-modellen som tränats med bara manuellt annoterade data presterade inte lika bra som de andra modellerna i studien. En Sekvens till Sekvens-modell tränad med träningsdata bestående av genereringar producerade av transduktorn gav bästa svarsfrekvens, noggrannhet och F1-poäng, medan den finita tillstånds-transduktorn gav bästa precision.
Renner, Emile. "Vers l’identification d’une loi de plasticité monocristalline par analyse topographique d’empreintes de nanoindentation Berkovich." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2059/document.
Full textIn this thesis, a method is developed to analyse the residual topographies obtained by Berkovich nanoindentation tests on three face-centered cubic (FCC) polycrystalline nickel samples. The purpose is to measure the information richness of imprints for identifying all or part of parameters of a single crystal plasticity law. The experimental part consists in creating a residual topography database by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements on the samples. Pile-up distributions and sizes are largely sensitive to the indenter/grain relative orientation and the hardening rate. The topographies are true “fingerprints” of the plasticity mechanism at the grain scale. A 3D finite element (FE) modelling of nanoindentation test is developed using the code ZeBuLon and making use of the Méric-Cailletaud law. Numerical results show a good agreement with experimental observations and are largely sensitive to the indenter/grain relative orientation and the plastic parameters, including the interaction matrix coefficient specifying the interaction between dislocations on different slip systems. To measure the imprint information content, an identifiability index is proposed. Its calculation is based on the multicollinearity among the sensitivity vectors of topographies to the law parameters. According to the considered topographies, it measures if the numerical model updating problem is ill-posed. The results show that four to five parameters of the Méric-Cailletaud law can be identified by considering two topographies. This work paves the way for identifying the material behaviour at the grain scale using parametric identifiability
Ruiz, Medina Ángela. "La construcción estar que + verbo finito en el español de Chile: una descripción semántica y sintáctica." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/169882.
Full textEn esta investigación realizamos una descripción semántica y sintáctica de la construcción estar que + verbo finito en el español de Chile: una construcción formada por dos verbos finitos unidos mediante un nexo subordinante. A pesar de la forma que presenta, proponemos que se trata de una construcción monopredicativa y monoclausal, lo que comprobamos a partir de la utilización de pruebas semánticas y sintácticas, tradicionalmente empleadas en la identificación de perífrasis verbales. En segundo lugar, observamos que la construcción recibe en el español de Chile dos usos distintos: uno que expresa un significado inminencial -que ha sido descrito anteriormente por Cifuentes (2009)- y otro que expresa un significado sarcástico. Proponemos que el significado sarcástico de la construcción está configurado a partir de valores distintos a los que operan en el significado inminencial: mientras que en el significado inminencial opera un valor aspectual, en el significado sarcástico de la construcción opera un valor modal, más subjetivo. Tras identificar en la construcción sarcástica un valor de modalidad epistémica, afirmamos que es posible describir la construcción de significado sarcástico como un caso de subjetivización a partir de la construcción de uso inminencial, lo que nos permite, finalmente, describir ambas construcciones como dos estadios de gramaticalización distintos.
Alkhorshid, Nima Rostami. "Analysis of geosynthetic encased columns in very soft soil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/32033.
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De uma forma geral, parte das as áreas costeiras são cobertas por solos moles. Assim, a construção do aterro sobre esses solos problemáticos é sempre um desafio para engenheiros geotécnicos. Existem várias técnicas de melhoria dos solos para superar esses desafios. Nesse contexto, as colunas granulares têm apresentado sucesso para esse tipo de construção. Para solos muito moles, a aplicação de colunas granulares é de difícil execução e rendimento, tendo em vista o baixo confinamento lateral na parte superior da coluna. As colunas granuladas encamisadas com geossintéticos são uma técnica recentemente desenvolvida que tem sido utilizada com sucesso em vários projetos de aterros sobre solos moles. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar o desempenho de colunas encamisadas com diferentes tipos de materiais de encamisamento e de preenchimento das colunas. Para realizar isso, foram realizados testes laboratoriais em grande escala e também análises numéricas usando o Método dos Elementos Finitos. Foram utilizados três tipos de material de coluna (areia, brita e resíduos de construção) e também três tipos de geotêxtil tecido (G-1, G-2 e G-3) com diferentes valores de rigidez à tração. Os ensaios foram realizados com e sem encamisamento para avaliar a sua eficiência no aumento da capacidade de carga das colunas. A influência do método de instalação de vibro-deslocamento no solo circundante também foi estudada. Além disso, avaliou-se o papel das colunas na dissipação do excesso de poropressão e na pressão lateral imposta ao solo circundante. Finalmente, foram realizadas as análises dos testes laboratoriais e também a análise de uma simulação em escala real do aterro por meio do Método dos Elementos Finitos. Baseando-se nos resultados obtidos, os ensaios de laboratório indicaram que o papel do encamisamento em solos muito moles é de grande importância, pois melhorou consideravelmente o desempenho da coluna. Foi observado também que o uso de colunas de brita e de resíduo de construção aumentou a capacidade de carga comparando com a das colunas de areia, que método de instalação de deslocamento gerou excesso de poropressão e causou a densificação do solo circundante. Por sua vez, os resultados das análise numéricas mostraram boa concordância com os resultados obtidos nos ensaios. A análise numérica em escala real de um aterro indicou que as colunas próximas do meio do aterro sofriam mais recalque e que as colunas que estavam sob a talude do aterro foram mais afetadas pela deflexão lateral.
Soft soils, commonly, can be encountered in coastal areas. Thus, embankment construction on these problematic soil is always a challenge for geotechnical engineers. There are several soil improvement techniques to overcome these challenges. Granular columns is one of the popular techniques for supporting embankments. When it comes to very soft soils, the application of granular columns is almost impossible, because of the low confinement provided by the surrounding soil. Geosynthetic encased granular columns is a recently developed technique that has been successfully used in various embankment projects dealing with soft soils. This research aimed at studying the performance of encased columns with different types of the encasement and column materials. Instrumented large scale laboratory tests as well as numerical analysis using the Finite Element Method were carried out. Three types of column material (sand, gravel and construction waste) and also three types of woven geotextile (G-1, G-2 and G-3) with different tensile stiffness were tested. The tests were performed with and without encasement to evaluate the efficiency of the former in increasing the load bearing capacity of the columns. The influence of the displacement installation method on the surrounding soil was also studied. In addition, the role of columns in dissipating excess pore water pressures and imposing lateral pressures to the surrounding soil was evaluated. Finally, the back analysis of the laboratory tests and also analysis of a full-scale embankment, using the Finite Element Method, were conducted. The laboratory tests indicated that the role of encasement in very soft soils is of paramount importance, since it considerably improved the column performance. It was also observed that the displacement installation method generated excess pore water pressures and caused consolidation of the surrounding soil. The back analyzed results showed good agreement with the tests results. Ultimately, the full scale analysis of an embankment indicated that the columns which were close to the middle of embankment presented larger settlements than those under the embankment slope, which were mainly affected by lateral deflection.
Vesterinen, Rainer. "Subordinação Adverbial : um estudo cognitivo sobre o infinitivo, o clítico SE e as formas verbais finitas em proposições adverbiais do Português Europeu." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-817.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyse the variation between infinitive and finite verb adverbial clauses in European Portuguese. In order to understand this variation, three central questions are raised: (1) What determines the use of the uninflected vs. the inflected infinitive in same-subject adverbial clauses? (2) What does the pronoun SE signal in these adverbial clauses? (3) What difference is there between the use of the inflected infinitives vs. finite verbs in different subject adverbial clauses?
Earlier investigations about these three questions are discussed. One conclusion of this review is that former research almost exclusively has been conducted from a traditional or formalistic point of view that has given priority to structural descriptions instead of semantic or conceptual explanations. In contrast to this, the present study endeavours to examine these issues from a cognitive linguistic perspective.
It is claimed that the use of the inflected infinitive in adverbial same-subject clauses may be explained by contextual factors which create a cognitive need to highlight the subject of the adverbial clause. Further, an analysis about how the grammatical micro-context can determine the interpretation of the clitic pronoun SE as a marker for a generic trajector is conducted. It is also argued that the difference between infinitive and finite adverbial clauses can bee explained by means of theories of subjectification and mental spaces.
The conclusion is drawn that a cognitive approach to grammar can, indeed, shed light on the issues considered. In particular, it is shown that different adverbial constructions can express different conceptual meaning. In the light of this fact, other issues concerned with finite and infinite verb forms are raised.
Laurent, Cédric. "Vers un nouveau biosubstitut pour l'ingénierie tissulaire du ligament croisé antérieur : approche biomécanique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0073/document.
Full textTissue engineering, which consists in replacing an injured tissue with a biodegradable scaffold seeded with cells, has the potential to overcome the limitations associated with current reconstructions strategies of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). However, no relevant solution has been proposed yet, especially due to the variety of scientific fields involved in this approach. In the current study, the key requirements for the design of a new scaffold have been listed from the current state of art. A scaffold based on P(LL85/CL15) fibers arranged into a multilayer braided structure has been proposed, and the tools needed to process this scaffold have been developed. Dedicated numerical tools have been proposed in order to predict the morphological and multiscale biomechanical behavior of the scaffold. These simulation tools have enabled to optimize the scaffold geometry in order to match the selected key requirements for ACL tissue engineering. Moreover, preliminary biological assessments have shown that the scaffold was suited for the culture of stem cells and for tissue formation. In addition, a dedicated bioreactor has been developed in order to prescribe tension-torsion cycles within a controlled environment. The use of local information issued from the biomechanical simulations open large perspectives as far as the optimization of culture conditions and the understanding of mechanisms that govern the formation of a ligamentous tissue are concerned. As a conclusion, the present study is likely to enable a new solution for ACL tissue engineering to emerge in the next years
Taso, Manuel. "Vers une caractérisation multiphysique des pathologies médullaires humaines : couplage IRM multi-paramétrique et simulation biomécanique par éléments finis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4013.
Full textCervical myelopathy is a chronic degenerative spinal cord pathology whose incidence increases with age. It is characterized by a mechanical compression leading to structural spinal cord damage. It can be at the origin of severe handicap hampering the quality of life. However, the clinical management remains challenging.This is why the work conducted in this thesis was focused on the comprehension of the biomechanics of the spinal cord damage (through numerical simulation finite element methods) and microstructural consequences that can be observed with multi-parametric MR imaging. More specifically, the final goal was to link the mechanical cause to the structural consequences at the origin of the clinical deficits in order to better understand and predict the pathology’s evolution.To reach that end, a characterization of the morphology and microstructure of the spinal cord was achieved using MRI, procuring on one side a normative database useful to study the alterations encountered in patients, and on another side to refine the numerical models employed. From a biomechanical perspective, the mechanisms of spinal cord compression as encountered in cervical myelopathy were studied using finite element analysis. The results obtained, which should be confirmed, are encouraging and represent a first stone towards the establishment of new methods in order to help in the clinical management of patients with spinal cord lesions by linking the mechanics, microstructure and function of the spinal cord
Tang, Mengmeng. "The influence of the finite and non-finite distinction in the L1 on the acquisition and processing of multi-verb constructions in the L2 : a bidirectional study of Chinese learners of English and English learners of Chinese." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21020/.
Full textLunguinho, Marcus Vinicius da Silva. "Verbos auxiliares e a sintaxe dos domínios não-finitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19062012-134154/.
Full textThis dissertation puts forward an analysis of auxiliary verbs in general, and of Portuguese auxiliary verbs in particular. The proposal is to universally characterize auxiliary verbs as a class of verbal elements which (i) belong to the verbal category ; (ii) have a unvalued verbal feature [uV] ; (iii) do not assign theta roles ; and (iv), together with the main verb, compose one single phrasal domain. The presence of [uV] guarantees that the auxiliary verb will select a verbal projection as its complement, within which is the target that will value the uninterpretable [uV] feature by means of the operation Agree (Chomsky 2000, 2001). The four characteristics proposed to describe auxiliary verbs allowed for the derivation of criteria of auxiliarity, a reinterpretation of the criteria usually discussed in the literature. Eight necessary and sufficient criteria define an auxiliary verb in Portuguese. The composition of THE Portuguese auxiliary class with its four members ser, ter, estar and ir resulted from the application of these eight criteria. Passives were analysed by means of the smuggling system, proposed by Collins (2005) and the auxiliary ser was considered to be a functional verb which values the [perfective] feature of the passive participle. A non-canonical passive was found to co-exist with canonical passives, one which shows the auxiliary ter. We argue that ter is the computational product of features of the auxiliary ser with features of the functional node v*. For the analysis of perfective ter and progressive estar, we have adopted a decompositional view along the lines of Kayne (1993), which derives these verbs from the incoporation of prepositional elements to the features of an abstract auxiliary verb. So, three of the Portuguese auxiliary verbs result from syntactic computation: passive ter is the manifestation of the features [vSER - v*]; perfective ter is the manifestation of the features [vAUX - PDEPOIS]; and progressive estar includes the features [vAUX - PDENTRO]. And the auxiliary verb ir is treated as a modal head, which, when combined with features of the head T, generate a future reading.
Ladas, Dimitrios. "Vers un critère d'erreur énergétique pour le maillage adaptatif en régime magnétodynamique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327046.
Full textVerleene, Arnaud. "Vers la maitrise de la dégradation des outillages de mise en forme à froid." Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/85a46053-f45c-46b8-8291-00bfd1bfcac8.
Full textMenadjelia, Nardjes. "Vers le recouvrement automatique dans la composition de services WEB basée protocole." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874865.
Full textSoubsol, David. "Diffusion acoustique vers l'avant d'objets élastiques immergés dans l'eau." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH17/document.
Full textForward acoustic scattering for solid spherical and LINE (limited cylinder bounded by hemispherical endcaps) objects immersed in water in bistatic configuration is the topic of this study. First, bistatic configuration analysis is carried out for a spherical object whose analytical theory has already been developped. Experimental and theoretical angular diagrams show, for differents frequencies, a peak of strong amplitude located in the shadow area. After the temporal analysis for a solid sphere in the shadow area, two important echoes revealing at least two different kind of waves are isolated. Then, the waves mainly responsible for these echoes are then identified comparing experimental results and theretical calculations. These are the Franz wave F0 and the whispering gallery wave l=2. Their propagation velocities on the object are calculated experimentally. Considering a solid LINE excited axially, on its spherical part, it is interesting to note that the physical mechanisms responsible for the wave generation are the same than for a solid sphere. It is then possible to find for a axially excited solid LINE the same kind of waves than for a solid sphere. Others waves are then identified (mainly caused by parasite difraction and by the cylinder/hemispherical discontinuity of the LINE). At last, the caracterization of the LINE as an acoustic target by the mean of a numerical simulation is performed, first with the target strenght standard, and then with the Rsn criterion. This last number allow us to assess the resonating contributions of the object and then to establish a map of resonance contributions
Poulet, Pierre-Alexis. "Effet de la variabilité microstructurale sur le comportement d’un composite UD verre/PA11 : de la caractérisation expérimentale à la modélisation multi-échelle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM050/document.
Full textIn the field of transport, research for reducing the weight of structures is a continuing preoccupation for the industry. For this reason, polymer matrix composite materials are being used increasingly for structural applications. To succeed with this technological transition numerical modelling plays a significant role as cumbersome and costly experimental campaigns are being limited. This is the background to this thesis work.The material considered is composed of a thermoplastic resin (Polyamide 11) with a unidirectional glass fibre reinforcement. Under mechanical loadings, the microsctructural variability, at the constituent length scale, leads to important multi-axial stresses that need to be evaluated. This is notably true in zones where the matrix is particularly confined. Studying the microscopic scale is of paramount importance in order to understand and simulate specific strain mechanisms of the thermoplastic resin.In the first part, an experimental campaign has been conducted on the plain thermoplastic polymer. Axisymetric notched specimens were tested under uniaxial monotonous tension and monitored with in-situ X-ray synchrotron computed tomography. A cavitation phenomenon has been observed. Not only macroscopic quantities (notch opening displacement, reduction in diameter…) but also microscopic (evolution of voids considered as a cluster or individually) have been analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. A finite element model is subsequently proposed and calibrated to take into account the specific strain deformations and damage experimentally observed with this polymer.The second part is dedicated to a numerical study of the unidirectional composite material. A representation of the real microstructure has been tackled with the generation of virtual random and periodic cells in a way that nevertheless is truely morphologically representative. Micromechanics computations have been carried out and give access to strain mechanisms, to local quantities and to the composite material behaviour (in linear elasticity and beyond). Special attention is paid to the representativeness of the computed quantities. Finally, a multiscale approach is proposed. Structural computations have been possible due to a numerical homogenization based on an homogeneous equivalent medium whilst a relocalisation gives access to local quantities in critical zones of the structure
Roth, Michael Jason 1975. "Flexural and tensile properties of thin, very high-strength, fiber-reinforced concrete panels." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11062007-215816.
Full textHérault, Christophe. "VERS UNE SIMULATION SANS MAILLAGE DES PHÉNOMÈNES ÉLECTROMAGNÉTIQUES." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689431.
Full textBelhadj, Mohamed. "Vers une modélisation mathématique de la filtration des globules blancs du sang." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011977.
Full textDans la première partie, nous définissons des modèles mathématiques qui réprésentent les principaux phénomènes physiques qui entrent en jeu dans le procédé de la filtration.
La deuxième partie est dédiée à l'analyse mathématique de systèmes d'équations aux dérivées partielles modélisant le procédé de la filtration. Tout d'abord, nous considérons un système d'équations semi-linéaires de type hyperbolique-parabolique avec une diffusion anisotrope dégénérée. Nous étudions ce problème avec une théorie $L^{1}$; nous considérons en particulier l'existence et l'unicité de solutions faibles ainsi que d'autres propriétés comme le principe du maximum; puis nous établissons la limite quand la constante de réaction devient grande. Nous montrons que le système converge vers une équation non linéaire parabolique-hyperbolique qui généralise le problème de Stefan. Nous étudions également, par des techniques de l'homogénéisation, la filtration au travers de milieux poreux fibrés. Le réseau des fibres étudié est celui utilisé par M. Briane dans le cadre d'une étude sur la conduction thermique des tissus biologiques. Nous dérivons et justifions l'équation de Darcy ainsi que la forme du tenseur de perméabilité pour un tel milieu fibreux. Les résultats théoriques concernant la perméabilité sont illustrés par quelques simulations numériques. Finalement, nous considérons le cas où le diamètre des fibres tend vers zéro. En appliquant des résultats de G. Allaire à notre cas, nous justifions rigoureusement la forme du terme dominant dans les formules de perméabilité efficace utilisées en ingénierie. Ces résultats sont également confirmés par un calcul numérique direct de la perméabilité, dans lequel la petitesse du diamètre des fibres rend nécessaire le recours à des approximations de précision élevée.
La définition des méthodes numériques efficaces pour approximer la solution des modèles mathématiques est envisagée dans la troisième partie. Précisément, concernant les équations de Darcy, nous avons utilisé la méthode des éléments finis mixtes hybrides. Pour la résolution de l'équation du transport, nous avons implémenté une méthode numérique utilisant des volumes finis pour la discrétisation du terme convection/réaction associé à une approximation mixte hybride pour la discrétisation du terme dispersif.
Moreau, Philippe. "Nouvelle stratégie pour le formage de produits plats vers une géométrie complexe avec conception assistée par ordinateur modèles éléments finis et métrologie : Application au fluage et pressage de verre plat." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fc1970be-0071-4fd7-b31c-fe536a37e53e.
Full textSaupin, Guillaume. "Vers la simulation interactive réaliste de corps déformables virtuels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10108/document.
Full textChapter 2 is dedicated to a Computer Graphics community deformable models state of the art. This review of the main methods and models used to simulate deformable bodies will lead us to consider the Element Based Corotational Model as a good basis for our simulation. Chapter 3 deals with the resolution of the equations induced by the use of a specific mode!. We detail the explicit and implicit integration methods used to comput the deformable bodies evolution in time. We then describe the different solvers, direct, iterative, multigrid and adaptive, which can be used to solve the system created by these integration methods. These descriptions lead us to consider the multigrid solvers as a good alternative to usual solvers, though they have some limitations that we try to tackle with two new contributions. Considering the obvious link between multigrid solvers and hierarchical basis functions, we also try to incorporate them in multigrid solvers. After this chapter we have the necessary tools to bend a deformable object subject to forces. ln Chapter 4 we concentrate on the interaction between the object and its environment, i.e. the contact. Thus, we introduce the methods often met in the Computer Graphics. We show that the complementarity based methods ensure a realistic and natural behaviour. However, they require the computation of the compliance that is really time consuming. Thi is why we propose our Compliance Warping method that allows a significant speed-up. This improvement relies on the use of a compliance approximation. Finally, in chapter 5, we present the haptic feedback. We also see that the introduction of the human in the simulation loop imposes demanding constraints on the simulation frequency and stability. Literature provides solutions for the stability issue. Nonetheless, in the of deformable bodies simulation, the models complexity forbids to meet the frequency requirement. We try to overcome this difficult by spitting the physical and haptic loops
Cardona, Jaramillo Luis Ignacio. "Towards a performance based design of shear walls based on damage criteria = Vers un dimensionnement performanciel des murs de refend basé sur des critères d'endommagement." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8954.
Full textAbstract : Performance Based Design (PBD) methodology, in a deterministic approach, characterizes the performance objectives in relation to the desired performance levels. Performance objectives are associated with the stated damage condition and the seismic hazard level. Despite this rational approach, its application is still difficult and reliable tools for capturing the evolution, distribution and measuring the damage are indeed required. All phenomena related to nonlinearities (materials and deformations) must also be considered. This research shows how the Damage mechanic could contribute to solving this problematic jointly with an adaptation of the MCFT (Modified Compression Field Theory) formulation and other complementary theories. The proposed formulation, adapted for monotonic, pushover and cyclic loads, allows considering the nonlinear shear-related effects coupled with axial and flexural mechanisms. This formulation is specially addressed to nonlinear analysis of concrete structural elements subjected to non-negligible shear effects. This new approach implemented in EfiCoS (a layered damage mechanic based finite element program), including modeling criteria, is also presented here. Calibrations of this new approach comparing the predictions with experimental data were carried out for concrete shear walls as well as for concrete beams and bridge columns where shear effects have to be considered. This new improved version of software EFiCoS demonstrated to be capable of evaluating accurately the parameters associated with the overall performance, such as displacements, the system strength, the effects related to the cyclic response and the magnitude, evolution and distribution of the damage. Remarkable results were also obtained in reference to the appropriate detection of engineering limit states such as cracking, strains, spalling in cover, crushing, local yielding in bars and system strength degradation, among others. As a very useful application tool for PBD, relationships between the predicted damage indices and the performance levels were obtained and expressed as charts and tables. These charts were derived in terms of the drift and the displacement ductility. A particular table was developed to relate the engineering limit states, the damage, the drift and the traditional performance levels. Results have shown a very good agreement with the experimental data, making the proposed formulation and the new version of EfiCoS a powerful tool for the application of the PBD methodology, in a deterministic approach.
Hitti, Karim. "Simulation numérique de Volumes Élémentaires Représentatifs (VERs) complexes : Génération, Résolution et Homogénéisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667428.
Full textBottin, Sabine. "Structures cohérentes et transition vers la turbulence par intermittence spatio-temporelle dans l'écoulement de Couette plan." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001111.
Full textJeanjean, Sébastien. "Vers l' optimisation du rayonnement d' un haut-parleur dans un habitacle automobile : résolution des problèmes de modélisation." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066314.
Full textDiaz, Villalba Alejandro. "Le participe dans les grammaires des langues romanes (XVe-XVIIIe siècles). Histoire comparée d'une classe grammaticale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA080.
Full textThe study investigates the history of the word-class of participle through a close study of a corpus of French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian grammars which were published between the 15th and 18th centuries. The comparative approach is based on the methodological principle of “series of texts”, by grouping and collating a hundred works according to several variable parameters: the chronology, the theme or the grammatical tradition of the language in question.The first part of the study deals with the linguistic categorization and questions the nature of the non-finite verbal forms, especially the participle and its use in an analytical verbal form. The second part deals with the history of the participle from a more general point of view. Thus, after an overview of the problematic aspects of Greek and Latin grammarians, the analysis focuses on the treatment of the word-class in the grammars of the Romance languages. The third part focuses on the approaches and concepts used by the Renaissance grammarians to deal with compound tenses and on how they described and (re)-categorized the participle forms of these verbal tenses
El estudio presenta la historia de la clase del participio a través de un corpus de gramáticas de español, francés, italiano y portugués publicadas entre los siglos XV y XVIII. El enfoque comparativo se basa en el principio metodológico de la constitución de series textuales, que nos permite agrupar y cotejar un centenar de textos en función de parámetros variables: la cronología, el tema o la tradición gramatical de la lengua objeto.La primera parte aborda el asunto de la categorización en lingüística e indaga la naturaleza de las formas no finitas del verbo, especialmente la del participio y su utilización en las formas analíticas del verbo. La segunda parte propone una aproximacióna la historia del participio desde una perspectiva más general. Así pues, tras una cala en los aspectos problemáticos relacionados con el participio tratados por los gramáticos griegos y latinos, el análisis se centra en el tratamiento de la clase en las gramáticas de las lenguas romances. La tercera parte investiga sobre los enfoques y los conceptos que emplean los gramáticos del Renacimiento para tratar los tiempos compuestos, y sobre el modo en que describen y (re)categorizan las formas participiales de esos tiempos verbales
Ahmadivala, Morteza. "Vers une planification optimale de la maintenance des structures existantes sur la base d'une analyse de fiabilité en fonction du temps." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2020CLFAC056_AHMADIVALA.pdf.
Full textCivil engineering structures play an important role in any country for improving the economy together with the social and environmental welfare. An unwanted failure might cause significant impacts at different levels for the structure owner and for users. Fatigue is one of the main degradation processes on steel structures that causes structural failure before the end of the designed service life. To avoid unexpected failures due to fatigue, a comprehensive structural Life Cycle Management (LCM) is required to minimize the life-cycle cost and maximize the structural service life. One of the main objectives within the LCM can be related to optimizing the structural maintenance planning. Achieving this goal is a challenging task which requires to address some challenges such as predicting the structural performance under uncertainty, employing Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) data to reduce uncertainties, taking into account crack propagation behavior for given components, reliability and cost-informed decision making, and effect of maintenance actions among others. Accordingly, following contributions are considered in this research to improve the capabilities of structural LCM which are explained shortly in the sequel.Developing a new time-dependent reliability method for fatigue reliability analysis.Investigating the effectiveness of advanced crack propagation tools to study unwanted fatigue cracking problems and characterizing some possible repair actions on a real case study.Introducing the assumptions and simplification steps required to integrate the proposed time-dependent reliability method with crack propagation models to approximate the time-dependent fatigue reliability.As the first contribution of this thesis, a new time-dependent reliability method called AK-SYS-t is proposed. This method provides an efficient and accurate tool to evaluate time-dependent reliability of a component compared to other available methods. AK-SYS-t relates the time-dependent reliability to system reliability problems and tries to exploit the efficient system reliability methods such as AK-SYS towards time-dependent reliability analysis. It is worth mentioning that time-dependent reliability analysis is necessary in this context since the performance deterioration (such as fatigue) is a time-dependent process associated with time-dependent parameters such as fatigue loading.Another related topic is the study of crack propagation phenomenon with advanced modeling tools such as Finite Element Method (FEM) and eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). For illustration purposes, the crack in the root of a fillet weld is considered (common fatigue detail in bridges with orthotropic deck plates). One important issue investigated herein is the influence of the transversal tension in the deck plate on the direction of the crack propagation. It is shown how increasing the transversal tension in the deck plate may change the crack propagation towards the deck plate. Such cracks are considered dangerous since they are hard to inspect and detect. In the end, XFEM is used to investigate the effectiveness of two possible repair solutions.A supplementary contribution is related to introducing the required steps in order to integrate the newly developed time-depend reliability method with crack propagation problems through some applicational examples. This is a challenging task since performing the time-dependent reliability analysis for such problems requires a cycle-by-cycle calculation of stress intensity factors which requires huge computational resources. Therefore, the aim here is to introduce the assumptions and simplification steps in order to adopt the AK-SYS-t for fatigue reliability analysis. Accordingly, two examples are considered. (...)
Bettonte, Francesco. "Développement d'une stratégie d'identification des paramètres par recalage de modèle éléments finis à partir de mesures par corrélation d'images : vers l'application à un modèle d'endommagement non local." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM022/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes an identification strategy for plastic behaviour and damage up to the onset of fracture, for an application to ductile metals.A logarithmic finite strain formulation is used to simulate the large deformations undergone by the specimens, while a locking-free non-local formulation allows a mesh independent simulation of the softening behaviour.Digital Image Correlation is used to obtain heterogeneous full-field measurements from tensile tests on notched specimens.The identification strategy is based both on microscopic observations and on a Finite Element Model Updating (FEMU) technique, according to which the parameters are identified by minimizing the discrepancy between experiment and simulation. The discrepancy is quantified both in terms of displacement and force thanks to an appropriate normalization. The application of FEMU is guided using sensitivity analysis.The robustness of the comparison between simulation and measurement is ensured by prescribing measured displacements as boundary conditions for the simulation. The negative effect of the measurement uncertainty is underlined, and an innovative filtering approach is proposed.The proposed strategy is used to identify the materials' parameters of alloy Inconel625. It allows to reproduce the onset of fracture for flat specimens, both in terms of macroscopic response and crack initiation location
Dewi, Alita. "Apport des nouvelles technologies interactives pour l'analyse intégrée en génie électrique : vers un laboratoire virtuel d'expérimentation en électrotechnique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597707.
Full textPled, Florent. "Vers une stratégie robuste et efficace pour le contrôle des calculs par éléments finis en ingénierie mécanique." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776633.
Full textDemoucron, Caroline. "Vers la fiabilisation d'un train de suspension automobile : études statique, vibratoire et tenue en fatigue." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10164/document.
Full textThis study deals with the reliability of a car suspension through three aspects namely "static behaviour", "dynamic behaviour" and "life". The static and dynamic behaviours are at first modelled by using finite element method. The behaviour laws of the materials used (steel, elastomer) are experimentally identified. A first subsystem including a spring with its seats is numerically and experimentally studied. A comparison between these results underlines the efficiency of the computational modelling. Then a full car suspension model is created and enables the analysis of the suspension performances with respect to various parameters to be carried out. The last chapter is dedicated to the fatigue life of the main studied elements of the suspension (spring and stabilizer bar). Two numerical processes are used and are compared to experimental results. It is shown that for a sinusoidalload with constant amplitude, both methods yield very close results which are also quite similar to experimental ones. An equivalence between complex random loading and simple constant amplitude loading is investigated through an application to a stabilizer bar
Catoia, Rodrigo. "Estudo de viabilidade da substituição da asa metálica por uma asa em material compósito de um "Very Light Jet"." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2008. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1162.
Full textGarruchet, Sébastien. "Modélisation de phénomènes locaux : vers leur prise en compte dans la simulation de la cinétique d'oxydation d'un métal." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00438186.
Full textTerzolo, Laurent. "Vers une prédiction de la durée de vie des outils de forge à chaud par la détermination numérique du régime thermique et de l'usure abrasive." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1236.
Full textIn forging industry, we want to decrease production costs, in order to obtain the cheapest rate : tool cost / workpiece. Numerical simulation permit to study feasability using low cost developpements. Nowadays, we can use numerical simulation to optimize tool shape. To increase, tool life, we must take into account two main factors : wear and thermal-mechanical loads undergone by tools. In this document, we use a thermal-mechanical and a numerical formulation for a thermal-mechanical coupled problem for a complete system : tool/workpiece. The solution of this problem, permit us to simulate tool behaviour during hot forging process. CPU time increase because of this formulation, so we investigate several strategies to decrease this CPU time. We can use those strategies and after comparing them, we can notice their own advantages. For each method, user must choose between time and reliabilty. This document, can help user to choose the best method to solve his problem. Thanks to thermal and mechanical results obtained on the tools, we can simulate tool wear. Then finally, we implemented four different methods to simulate thermal and mechanical cycling, in order to simulate forging passes
Bouldi, Melina. "Vers une application sûre de l'IRM en présence d'implants actifs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY056/document.
Full textMRI is generally considered to be an exceptionally safe imaging method. However, in the presence of electrically conducting implants health risks exist, particularly in terms of RF heating of the tissues in contact with the implant. Some implants are cleared by the manufacturers or regulatory agencies for MR imaging of patients, but only under strictly limited conditions which often degrade image quality and exclude many configurations. The goal of this thesis project was to optimize and validate the methods for the assessment of MR safety in the presence of active implants. Increasing the predictability of the risk of RF heating in individual subjects should allow MRI to find wider applications in patients implanted with active devices.This project is based on three distinct approaches:- Measurements and MR method developments performed on test objects. Existing B1-mapping techniques were optimized for the specific needs of high dynamic range encountered in the presence of induced RF currents in conductors, leading to the “Actual Multiple Flip-Angle Imaging” technique. Further work has been performed on the optimization of rapid “Proton Resonance Frequency Shift” MR thermography.- The development of numerical simulations of the electromagnetic interactions between the RF resonator and implants as well as their thermal impact. A numerical RF resonator model was built and validated it using both theoretical and experimental studies. The optimization of the resonator has led to the development of an original method to rapidly and precisely adjust the individual capacitor values to obtain a given targeted current distribution. Separately, the measurement of RF currents induced in conductive wires, via B1 mapping, was developed. This method to measure RF currents in a specific configuration opens the possibility to evaluate RF safety in individual subjects using a low-SAR prescan prior to other acquisitions, for use in hypothetical future protocols on patients.- The construction of a simplified numerical model of deep brain stimulation electrodes, using transmission line theory. This model renders RF simulations tractable, while exhibiting the same electrical behavior as the real implant, allowing evaluation of RF heating in simulations covering the size of a whole-body MR resonator.The set of tools developed improve upon the currently available methods for the evaluation of RF safety in the presence of conductive implants
Pradille, Christophe. "Vers une meilleure compréhension et caractérisation du comportement des aciers à très haute température." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00617963.
Full textChalhoub, Michel. "Apports des méthodes d'homogénéisation numériques à la classification des massifs rocheux fracturés." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412033.
Full textDes chargements simulant différents essais mécaniques de compression et de cisaillement sont appliqués sur un Volume Elémentaire Représentatif (VER). La loi de comportement homogénéisée est déduite des contraintes et déformations moyennes calculées dans ce VER. Les différents types de chargements numériques, en contrainte ou en déplacement imposés, et leur effets sur les paramètres homogénéisés sont discutés.
Une attention particulière est portée à l'application de la théorie d'élasticité ellipsoïdale de Saint Venant au cas des massifs rocheux. Cette théorie présente plusieurs avantages. En particulier, elle permet de fixer pour les massifs que nous étudions, un modèle élastique tridimensionnel à partir d'un calcul plan.
Une comparaison entre les tailles de VER mécanique et géométrique a été faite et il a été montré que pour les massifs étudiés le VER mécanique peut être déduit du VER géométrique qui est plus simple à calculer. Une formule approchée donnant la taille du VER en fonction des paramètres géométriques des fractures a été établie pour des massifs non périodiques.
L'apport fondamental de cette thèse consiste à établir une classification mécanique de certains types de massifs rocheux fondée sur la méthode d'homogénéisation numérique que nous avons proposée. Ensuite, une étude paramétrique a été réalisée pour déterminer la sensibilité des résultats aux paramètres géométriques et mécaniques de la matrice rocheuse et des discontinuités. Les paramètres mécaniques homogénéisés ainsi obtenus constituent des données très utiles pour la conception et l'étude des ouvrages dans les massifs rocheux (tunnels, déblais, fondations au rocher). L'ajustement de quelques paramètres mécaniques fondamentaux (module d'Young, module de cisaillement) a conduit à l'élaboration d'expressions analytiques généralisant la formulation d'Amadei et Goodman [1981] pour des cas où l'extension des fractures est finie.
L'élaboration de cette classification numérique a exigé le développement et la validation d'un outil d'homogénéisation numérique performant (HELEN) et qui est aussi facilement utilisable dans le cas d'autres types de milieux hétérogènes fissurés et anisotropes (bétons, maçonnerie...)
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Mora, Pierric. "Réponse élastodynamique d'une plaque stratifiée anisotrope : approches comparées. : Vers le développement de méthodes hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0382/document.
Full textThis work adresses the direct problem of the propagation of an elastodynamic field radiated by a source in an anisotropic layered medium. Applications concern non destructive evaluation of composite plates by ultrasonic guided waves. In the lower frequencies, these materials can be modeled as homogeneous, anisotropic and dissipative media. Two causal approaches are studied and developped to solve the wave equation, and their interest is discussed regarding to the widely used harmonic modal method. One of these methods is modal, and is formulated directly in the time domain. It allows to deal easily with anisotropy, even in 3D ; however it also suffers classical shortcomings such as the high cost of the unestablished regime or the difficulty to deal with open waveguides. The other method is a formulation of the so-called partial-waves method in the Laplace domain. Its attractiveness relies in its versatility and in the fact that computational costs can be very acceptable. In a second time, we consider using both methods to solve problems of diffraction by defects. A boundary element method based on the partial-waves approach is developped and leads to solve very efficiently the case of a planar defect. The possibility of treating more general defects is briefly discussed
Durou, Hugo. "Vers l'autonomie énergétique des réseaux de capteurs embarqués : conception et intégration d'un générateur piézoélectrique et d'un micro dispositif de stockage capacitif en technologie silicium." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578741.
Full textGuinot, François. "Déploiement régulé de structures spatiales : vers un modèle unidimensionnel de mètre ruban composite." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10019.
Full textThe research department of Thales Alenia Space is studying new concepts of space telescopes whose secondary mirror is deployed thanks to the unreeling of six tape-springs. A breadboard using metallic tape-springs has been built during preliminary studies and has exhibited a deployment that is too energetic and induce too important shocks.In this thesis a new kind of tape-spring with a controlled uncoiling speed is introduced. Secondly a rod model with highly deformable thin-walled cross-sections describing the dynamic behaviour of tape-springs is derived.In order to over come the deployment speed of a tape spring, a viscoelastic layer is stuck on its sides. Thanks to its properties varying with the temperature, the viscoelastic layer is used to maintain the tape-spring in a coiled configuration at low temperature whereas a local heating leads to a controlled uncoiling. These phenomenons have been underlined experimentally and numerically.Because of the high complexity of classical shell models and the lack of details of simplified models, smart modelling methods need to be developed to describe the highly non linear behaviour of a tape-spring. A planar rod model with highly deformable thin-walled cross-sections that accounts for large displacements and large rotations in dynamics is proposed. Starting from a classical shellmodel, the main additional assumption consists in introducing an elastica kinematics to describe thelarge changes of the cross-section shape with very few parameters. The expressions of the strain andkinetic energies are derived by performing an analytical integration over the section. The Hamilton principle is directly introduced in a suitable finite element software to solve the problem. Several examples (folding, coiling and deployment of a tape spring) are studied through the FEM software COMSOL to demonstrate the ability of the 4-parameter model to account for several phenomena: creation of a single fold and associated snap-through behaviour, splitting of a fold into two, motion of a fold along the tape during a dynamic deployment, scenarios of coiling and uncoiling of a bistable tape-spring
Merrouche, Ahmed. "Vers une mise en œuvre automatique de la conception optimale : architecture de systèmes et outils logiciels pour l'optimisation de forme de pièces 3D." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1042.
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