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Journal articles on the topic 'Finite element analysis preprocessing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Bin Talib, Mohamad Helmi, Nurulakmar Abu Husain, and Zaidi Farouk Bin Fauzi. "Preprocessing and Solving Finite Element Analysis for NVH Prediction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 471 (December 2013): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.471.45.

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Current vehicle development period has become shorter; therefore, virtual testing has been considered as vital to assist design decision at the early stage of the development. Over the last three decades, Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used to predict the Noise and Vibration level of a vehicle. With the latest technology of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation, the calculation time taken for NVH analysis can be reduced from few days to only few hours. This paper presents current simulation technique for automotive development using Altair Hyperworks as preprocessing tool for vehicle modeling as well as application of NASTRAN as calculation solver. Normal Mode analysis is conducted on the Trimmed Body to investigate the natural frequency of the steering and the vehicle resonance. The result obtained is comparable with the actual prototype testing result to present the level of correlation. Coupling structural-acoustic analysis also conducted to predict the Noise Transfer Function (NTF) at the driver's ear.

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Shephard, Mark S., and Peter M. Finnigan. "Integration of geometric modeling and advanced finite element preprocessing." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 4, no. 2 (August 1988): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-874x(88)90003-0.

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3

Rao, T. V. S. R. Appa, Nagesh R. Iyer, J. Rajasankar, and G. S. Palani. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Ship Hull Structures." Marine Technology and SNAME News 37, no. 03 (July 1, 2000): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2000.37.3.117.

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Finite-element modeling and use of appropriate analytical techniques play a significant role in producing a reliable and economic design for ship hull structures subjected to dynamic loading. The paper presents investigations carried out for the dynamic response analysis of ship hull structures using the finite-element method. A simple and efficient interactive graphical preprocessing technique based on the "keynode" concept and assembly-line procedure is used to develop the finite-element model of the hull structure. The technique makes use of the body plan of a ship hull to build the finite-element model through an interactive session. Stiffened plate/shell finite elements suitable to model the hull structure are formulated and used to model the structure. The finite elements take into account arbitrary placement of stiffeners in an element without increasing the number of degrees-of-freedom of the element. A three-dimensional finite-element model and a procedure based on the Bubnov-Galerkin residual approach are employed to evaluate the effects of interaction between the ship hull and water. Mode superposition technique is used to conduct the dynamic response analysis. The efficiency of the finite elements and the procedures is demonstrated through dynamic analysis of a submerged cantilever plate and a barge when both are subjected to sinusoidal forces. The dynamic responses exhibit expected behavior of the structure and a comparison with the results available in the literature indicate superior performance of the finite element and methodologies developed. Thus, the finite-element models and the procedures are found to be efficient and hence suitable for the dynamic analysis of similar structures.

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Kang, Ying Bin, Ying Bin Kang, Hui Xia Bian, and Jian Wei Zhang. "Study on 3-D Finite Element Analysis of Earth Dam." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3489.

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In this paper, the characteristics of the two software ANSYS and FLAC are analyzed. Using the powerful preprocessing capabilities of ANSYS, the earth dam is analyzed by finite element method. And then, the analysis model by the FISH language is imported into FLAC, with the constitutive model and the completed finite element model, the model analysis and processing are studied. Practical project is dam seepage and stability analysis to verify the reliability of the method.

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Wang, Yanzhong, Yang Liu, Wen Tang, and Peng Liu. "Parametric finite element modeling and tooth contact analysis of spur and helical gears including profile and lead modifications." Engineering Computations 34, no. 8 (November 6, 2017): 2877–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-06-2016-0203.

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Purpose The finite element method has been increasingly applied in stress, thermal and dynamic analysis of gear transmissions. Preparing the models with different design and modification parameters for the finite element analysis is a time-consuming and highly skilled burden. Design/methodology/approach To simplify the preprocessing work of the analysis, a parametric finite element modeling method for spur and helical gears including profile and lead modification is developed. The information about the nodes and elements is obtained and exported into the finite element software to generate the finite element model of the gear automatically. Findings By using the three-dimensional finite element tooth contact analysis method, the effects of tooth modifications on the transmission error and contact stress of spur and helical gears are presented. Originality/value The results demonstrate that the proposed method is useful for verifying the modification parameters of spur and helical gears in the case of deformations and misalignments.

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Hadim, A., A. T. Chang, A. Chu, and A. Yskamp. "An Interfacing Software Package for Thermal Analysis: Application to Microelectronics." Journal of Electronic Packaging 111, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226509.

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A software package called: INterfacing Software for Thermal ANalysis (INSTAN) is developed to interface finite element general purpose programs with finite-difference thermal network analyzers for detailed analysis of complex thermal problems. The finite element mesh is used to generate the thermal network representation of the problem. INSTAN performs automatically the thermal network calculations and generates a complete input file for the thermal analysis program. The INSTAN software package is a powerful modeling tool which uses the preprocessing and postprocessing features available in a finite element program. It has also the flexibility and heat transfer calculation capabilities of a finite-difference program. It can handle problems with three-dimensional irregular geometries, time and temperature dependent properties, and anisotropic materials. The software possesses enhanced capabilities that make it suitable for thermal analysis of microelectronic equipment.

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Peng, Fan Fen, Shu Xian Zheng, and Jia Li. "Finite Element Analysis of the Bionic Tissue Engineering Scaffold for the Defect Cranium." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.222.

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The relationship between the porosity and the mechanical property was still a bottle-neck in bone tissue engineering scaffold. Porosity increasing may reduce the scaffold strength. In order to solve the contradiction, the idea of enhancing the mechanical properties by controlling the scaffold porosity was proposed in this paper. Using reverse engineering technology, 5 different porosity cranium scaffolds were first established. Their FE models were built through FE surface preprocessing and volume fitted meshing. According to results of static analysis, the displacements and stresses of the 5 porosity scaffolds were compared and discussed and it indicated that the 36% porosity bionic scaffold have good porous level and mechanical properties.

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8

Tamma, Kumar K. "Computer graphics aided geometric modeling and mesh generation schemes for preprocessing and finite element analysis." Engineering with Computers 3, no. 3 (September 1988): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01349627.

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Zhang, Lei, Guoxin Zhang, Yi Liu, and Hailin Pan. "Mesh Partitioning Algorithm Based on Parallel Finite Element Analysis and Its Actualization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/751030.

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In parallel computing based on finite element analysis, domain decomposition is a key technique for its preprocessing. Generally, a domain decomposition of a mesh can be realized through partitioning of a graph which is converted from a finite element mesh. This paper discusses the method for graph partitioning and the way to actualize mesh partitioning. Relevant softwares are introduced, and the data structure and key functions of Metis and ParMetis are introduced. The writing, compiling, and testing of the mesh partitioning interface program based on these key functions are performed. The results indicate some objective law and characteristics to guide the users who use the graph partitioning algorithm and software to write PFEM program, and ideal partitioning effects can be achieved by actualizing mesh partitioning through the program. The interface program can also be used directly by the engineering researchers as a module of the PFEM software. So that it can reduce the application of the threshold of graph partitioning algorithm, improve the calculation efficiency, and promote the application of graph theory and parallel computing.

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10

Yang, Seung H., Kwang S. Woo, Jeong J. Kim, and Jae S. Ahn. "Finite Element Analysis of RC Beams by the Discrete Model and CBIS Model Using LS-DYNA." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8857491.

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There are several techniques to simulate rebar reinforced concrete, such as smeared model, discrete model, embedded model, CLIS (constrained Lagrange in solid) model, and CBIS (constrained beam in solid) model. In this study, however, the interaction between the concrete elements and the reinforcement beam elements is only simulated by the discrete model and CBIS (constrained beam in solid) model. The efficiency and accuracy comparisons are investigated with reference to the analysis results by both models provided by LS-DYNA explicit finite element software. The geometric models are created using LS-PrePost, general purpose preprocessing software for meshing. The meshed models are imported to LS-DYNA where the input files are then analyzed. Winfrith and CSCM concrete material options are employed to describe the concrete damage behavior. The reinforcement material model is capable of isotropic and kinematic hardening plasticity. The load versus midspan deflection curves of the finite element models correlate with those of the experiment. Under the conditions of the same level of accuracy, the CBIS model is evaluated to have the following advantages over the discrete model. First, it has the advantage of reducing the time required for FE modeling; second, saving computer CPU time due to a reduction in total number of nodes; and third, securing a good aspect ratio of concrete elements.

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Rajan, S. D., V. Sarihan, and M. Mahalingam. "Methodology for Automated Design of Microelectronic Packages." Journal of Electronic Packaging 116, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905698.

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A general design methodology for the optimal design of electronic packages is presented. The design problem is cast as a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Design for critical packaging issues such as thermal and mechanical performance, is automated by combining thermal and mechanical finite element analysis with an NLP optimizer. The major issues such as design problem formulation, model generation or preprocessing, nonlinear finite element analysis, design variable identification, design sensitivity analysis and software implementation are addressed. A case study involving the design of an RF packaging component in communication products illustrates the design methodology implemented in the Automated Design of Electronic Packaging (ADEP) software system.

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Urdea, Mihaela, and Silviu Butnariu. "Consideration about Elastic Couplings Modeled in CATIA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.760.

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This paper refers to an elastic shaft coupling named Vulkan coupling, with its general behavior. Vulkan shaft couplings link two shafts in diesel-engine and electric drives. They are simple from the construction point of view, are easily mounted and dismounted. Parts and assembly modeling, preprocessing, processing and post processing can be performed using all leading CAD tools, like CATIA. The main goal of this work is to generate a finite element model for a Vulkan coupling, using FEM Solid (FMD). For the demonstration, a Vulkan coupling with a torque of 350 Nm has been chosen. At the end of the modeling with finite element, it results that, for intermediate coupling elements with mechanical material properties very different from those of steel components, MEF analysis with rubber parts only is to be preferred. The other components can be simulated using the virtual rigid elements.

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Zou, Hao, Ming Zhang, and Jia Jun Ren. "The Comparison of the Variety of Finite Element Method (FEM) Based on the Arm of Mining Excavator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.173.

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In this paper, authors made contrast with the three finite element methods in analysis accuracy and usability .Those are all based on the structural analysis of mining excavator arm. The first fem is using UG solid modeling capabilities to create model .The finite element model is generated by UG_ANSYS, including setting the loads of material properties and boundary conditions ,also loading work. The process is called preprocessing completely .Then export a“. inp” file,after that, imported that file directly into ANSYS software for solving. The second one is to import solid mode created in UG into ANSYS software directly ,then take pretreatment and solution accordingly.The last one is using UG modeling and UG NX NASTRAN (the finite element analysis function) for structure analysis. It is concluded that using UG completely pretreatment of ANSYS analysis method and UG NX NASTRAN method feel more convenient to operate it with the high analyze accuracy,with the two methods , designers can modify mining mechanical arm weak positions more easily.In turns,they can improve the designing level of physical prototyping.

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14

Fodor, E., S. Kriston, F. Nándori, L. Sárközi, and T. Szabó. "A Finite Element System for the Hierarchical Design of Agricultural Tires." Tire Science and Technology 26, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135970.

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Abstract Due to the many requirements with respect to the processing and operational activities of agricultural tires, their design is not an easy task. To provide support, a special purpose nonlinear FE package called Agrotyre/2D/3D has been worked out, by which 2D asymmetric and 3D boundary problems can be solved for the case of inflation and for the case of vertical loading. In the latter situation, the whole tire is meshed into 16-noded elements including all of the lugs. By assuming the circumferential strain to be equal to zero, the asymmetric model can be analyzed for given prescribed radial displacements, and the results of the cord force distributions can be compared with that of the results of the 3D analysis. The preprocessing of the 2D and 3D meshes are on a common basis for which the data are transferred from a CAD system. In the package there is a further module by which the strength behavior of a unique lug can also be investigated. The paper presents some characteristic pictures that illustrate the usage of this new software.

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Shterenlikht, Anton, Mohammad M. Kashani, Nicholas A. Alexander, Gethin Williams, and Adam J. Crewe. "Autotuning of Isotropic Hardening Constitutive Models on Real Steel Buckling Data with Finite Element Based Multistart Global Optimisation on Parallel Computers." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6132106.

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An automatic framework for tuning plastic constitutive models is proposed. It is based on multistart global optimisation method, where the objective function is provided by the results of multiple elastoplastic finite element analyses, executed concurrently. Wrapper scripts were developed for fully automatic preprocessing, including model and mesh generation, analysis, and postprocessing. The framework is applied to an isotropic power hardening plasticity using real load/displacement data from multiple steel buckling tests. M. J. D. Powell’s BOBYQA constrained optimisation package was used for local optimisation. It is shown that using the real data presents multiple problems to the optimisation process because (1) the objective function can be discontinuous, yet (2) relatively flat around multiple local minima, with (3) similar values of the objective function for different local minima. As a consequence the estimate of the global minimum is sensitive to the amount of experimental data and experimental noise. The framework includes the verification step, where the estimate of the global minimum is verified on a different geometry and loading. A tensile test was used for verification in this work. The speed of the method critically depends on the ability to effectively parallelise the finite element solver. Three levels of parallelisation were exploited in this work. The ultimate limitation was the availability of the finite element commercial solver license tokens.

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Giannella, Venanzio, Raffaele Sepe, Roberto Citarella, and Enrico Armentani. "FEM Modelling Approaches of Bolt Connections for the Dynamic Analyses of an Automotive Engine." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 4343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104343.

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Three different finite element method (FEM) modelling approaches of bolt connections of a four-stroke, four-cylinder petrol engine are presented, and the related results compared in terms of preprocessing time and accuracy. A full 3D modelling of the bolt connections was preliminarily validated through a comparison with experimental test data available for the whole engine. Two further modelling approaches, a 1D approach and a contact-based (0D) approach, were benchmarked considering their influence on the accuracy for the dynamic analysis of an engine. Each of the three approaches presented pros and cons, even if the 1D modelling could be envisaged as the recommended one in most of cases.

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Hu, Yu, Zheng Zuo, Qingbin Li, and Yunling Duan. "Boolean-Based Surface Procedure for the External Heat Transfer Analysis of Dams during Construction." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/175616.

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The external heat transfer of dams during construction is complex because such transfer is location specific and time varying. An external thermal model is developed in this paper. Five types of external heat flux are considered in the mathematical model: air-side convection, electromagnetic radiation, absorbed solar input, water-side convection, and surface insulation effect. A method for extracting and classifying the external surfaces of dams on the basis of Boolean operations is proposed. Heat transfer conditions can be automatically set up for each step according to the proposed method, and the method can be used as a preprocessing facility for finite element analysis. A 285 m high arch dam in Southwest China is examined as a study case. The model is implemented and found to correctly identify different types of external surfaces. Simulation result agrees well with the monitored temperatures.

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Kelliher, Dennis S. "Calculating Energy Release Rate as a Function of Crack Length Using a Multiple-Step Crack Closure Technique in Tire Finite Element Models." Tire Science and Technology 46, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.18.460302.

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ABSTRACT When performing predictive durability analyses on tires using finite element methods, it is generally recognized that energy release rate (ERR) is the best measure by which to characterize the fatigue behavior of rubber. By addressing actual cracks in a simulation geometry, ERR provides a more appropriate durability criterion than the strain energy density (SED) of geometries without cracks. If determined as a function of crack length and loading history, and augmented with material crack growth properties, ERR allows for a quantitative prediction of fatigue life. Complications arise, however, from extra steps required to implement the calculation of ERR within the analysis process. This article presents an overview and some details of a method to perform such analyses. The method involves a preprocessing step that automates the creation of a ribbon crack within an axisymmetric-geometry finite element model at a predetermined location. After inflating and expanding to three dimensions to fully load the tire against a surface, full ribbon sections of the crack are then incrementally closed through multiple solution steps, finally achieving complete closure. A postprocessing step is developed to determine ERR as a function of crack length from this enforced crack closure technique. This includes an innovative approach to calculating ERR as the crack length approaches zero.

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Foti, Pietro, and Filippo Berto. "Evaluation of the Strain Energy Density Value without the Construction of the Control Volume in the Preprocessing Phase of the Finite Element Analysis." Procedia Structural Integrity 18 (2019): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2019.08.152.

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Yu, Yan, Rong Ji Zhou, and Feng Xue Wang. "Numerical Simulation of the Temperature Field During DP1000 Dual-Phase Steel Resistance Spot Welding." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.666.

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Dual phase steel resistance spot welding process is transient, rapid, invisible, complex, which makes the physical process of welding not yet be fully understood. Both the preprocessing contact stress field and thermo - electric transient process under alternative current(AC)load of the resistance spot welding of DP1000 dual - phase steel are analyzed by ANSYS12.0 finite-element analysis software. The fusion zone formation process and the contact situation of electrode and workpiece, between workpieces, lamination surface is investigated through numerical simulation. The project can help understand the phenomenon and essence of the DP1000 spot welding optimize the structure design and process design, quality control, for the dual-phase steel in vehicle body spot welding quality control to provide theoretical guidance.

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21

Jin, Qilin, and Weian Yao. "An accurate zigzag theory for bending and buckling analysis of thick laminated sandwich plates with soft core." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 18 (January 8, 2020): 2473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319899138.

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An accurate and computationally attractive zigzag theory is developed for bending and buckling analysis of thick laminated soft core sandwich plates. The kinematic assumptions of the proposed zigzag theory are obtained by superimposing a nonlinear zigzag function on the first-order shear deformation theory. In order to obtain the accurate transverse shear stresses, a preprocessing approach based on the three-dimensional equilibrium equations and the Reissner mixed variational theorem is used. It is significant that the second-order derivatives of in-plane displacement variables have been removed from the transverse shear stresses, such that the finite element implementation is greatly simplified. Thus, based on the proposed zigzag model, a computationally efficient four-node C0 quadrilateral plate element with linear interpolation function is proposed for bending and buckling analysis of soft core sandwich plates. The advantage of the present formulation is that no post-processing approach is needed to calculate the transverse shear stresses while maintaining the computational accuracy of a linear plate element. Moreover, the accurate transverse shear stresses can be involved in the strain energy which can actively improve the accuracy of critical loads. Performance of the proposed model is assessed by comparing with several benchmark solutions. Agreement between the present results and the reference solutions is very good, and the proposed model only includes the seven displacement variables which can demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model.

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Merklein, Marion, Hinnerk Hagenah, Markus Kaupper, and Adam Schaub. "Analysis of the Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V at Elevated Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.29.

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Titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, offer favorable characteristics as significant strength, biocompatibility and metallurgical stability at elevated temperatures. These advantages afford the application of parts out of Ti-6Al-4V in a wide field within aerospace, astronautic and medical technologies. Most applied shaping operations for parts out of titanium alloys are forging, casting, forming and machining. In order to develop and improve forming operations numerical simulations are applied during preprocessing. For that purpose mechanical properties of the material such as yield stress and Lankford parameter have to be determined. Due to the two-phase (α + β) microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V, forming operations have to be carried out at elevated temperatures to reduce the required forming force and extend forming limits. Taking the temperature and stress state dependency of the material into consideration, uniaxial tensile and compression tests are accomplished at elevated temperatures, ranging from 400 to 600 °C. Furthermore, the experimentally determined yield stress and Lankford parameter are approximated with the yield loci model proposed by Barlat 2000. The model predicts the flow response of the material, thus provides input data for the finite element analysis of forming processes at different temperature levels.

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Schmitt, J., M. Lengsfeld, P. Alter, and R. Leppek. "Die Anwendung voxelorientierter Femurmodelle zur Spannungsanalyse Generierung, Berechnung und Validierung CT-basierter FEM-Modelle - The Use of Voxel-Oriented Femur Models in Stress Analysis Preprocessing, calculation and validation of CT-based finite element models." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 40, no. 6 (1995): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.1995.40.6.175.

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24

Liu, Weixu, Zhifeng Tang, Fuzai Lv, Yang Zheng, Pengfei Zhang, and Xiangxian Chen. "Numerical Investigation of Locating and Identifying Pipeline Reflectors Based on Guided-Wave Circumferential Scanning and Phase Characteristics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051799.

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The methodology based on reflected guided-wave by a reflector associated with an increase or a decrease in the cross-sectional area has the challenge of determining their location and identity. This paper presents a numerical investigation of a method for locating and identifying the reflector based on guided-wave circumferential scanning and phase characteristics. To determine the axial and circumferential positions of the reflector within the pipeline, the procedures of the guided wave-based circumferential scanning were presented, including data preprocessing, median filter, image smoothing and binary processing. Through theoretical analysis, we obtained the phase relationship between the guided-wave excitation signal and reflection signals generated by a reflector, such as corrosion, crack, weld and support, which caused the change in the cross-sectional area. Consequently, an algorithm based on the phase characteristics was proposed to determine the change and type of reflector. The spatial distances were calculated between the guided wave excitation signals with different phases and the concerned reflection signals, subsequently identifying the change and type of the reflector by comparing the distance values. An identification index named the reliable index for the character of the reflector (RICR) was defined to evaluate the reliability of the predicted results. Numerical and finite element simulation validations of the proposed method were performed. It has been found that if RICR was larger than 1.05, the results predicting the reflector type were reliable. The proposed method was found to be superior relative to the conventional correlation coefficient method according to the numerical results. Finally, the simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method could be potentially applied for locating and identifying reflectors in pipelines.

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Li, Xiuyan, Yong Zhou, Jianming Wang, Qi Wang, Yang Lu, Xiaojie Duan, Yukuan Sun, Jingwan Zhang, and Zongyu Liu. "A novel deep neural network method for electrical impedance tomography." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 14 (May 3, 2019): 4035–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219845037.

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Image reconstruction for Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a highly nonlinear and ill-posed inverse problem. It requires the design and employment of feasible reconstruction methods capable to guarantee trustworthy image generation. Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have a powerful ability to express complex nonlinear functions. This research paper introduces a novel framework based on DNN aiming to achieve EIT image reconstruction. The proposed DNN model, comprises of the following two layers, namely: The Stacked Autoencoder (SAE) and the Logistic Regression (LR). It is trained using the large lab samples which are obtained by the COMSOL simulation software (a cross platform finite elements analysis solver). The relationship between the voltage measurement and the internal conductivity distribution is determined. The untrained voltage measurement samples are used as input to the trained DNN, and the output is an estimate for image reconstruction of the internal conductivity distribution. The results show that the proposed model can achieve reliable shape and size reconstruction. When white Gaussian noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of 30, 40 and 50 were added to test set, the proposed DNN structure still has good imaging results, which proved the anti-noise capability of the network. Furthermore, the network that was trained using simulation data sets, would be applied for the EIT image reconstruction based on the experimental data that were produced after preprocessing.

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S., L. R., Barna Szabo, and Ivo Babuska. "Finite Element Analysis." Mathematics of Computation 60, no. 201 (January 1993): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2153181.

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KABE, KAZUYUKI. "Finite element analysis." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 62, no. 4 (1989): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.62.204.

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Williamson, M. P. "Finite-element analysis." Computer-Aided Engineering Journal 2, no. 2 (1985): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cae.1985.0013.

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Ross, D. C. "EM Programmer's Notebook-some finite-element preprocessing algorithms for electromagnetic scattering." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 35, no. 3 (June 1993): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/74.250160.

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Pidaparti, Ramana M. "Engineering Finite Element Analysis." Synthesis Lectures on Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 1–267. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00761ed1v01y201703mec001.

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Battocletti, J. H., and T. A. Knox. "Spherical finite element analysis." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 30, no. 6 (1994): 5008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.334288.

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Berthaume, Michael A., Paul C. Dechow, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Callum F. Ross, David S. Strait, Qian Wang, and Ian R. Grosse. "Probabilistic finite element analysis of a craniofacial finite element model." Journal of Theoretical Biology 300 (May 2012): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.01.031.

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Zimmermann, Thomas. "The finite element method. Linear static and dynamic finite element analysis." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 65, no. 2 (November 1987): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(87)90013-2.

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Ellerby, F. B., R. Wait, and A. R. Mitchell. "Finite Element Analysis and Applications." Mathematical Gazette 71, no. 455 (March 1987): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3616321.

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Macek, Richard W., and Stewart A. Silling. "Peridynamics via finite element analysis." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 43, no. 15 (November 2007): 1169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2007.08.012.

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Freytag, Michael, Vadim Shapiro, and Igor Tsukanov. "Finite element analysis in situ." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 47, no. 9 (September 2011): 957–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2011.03.001.

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37

W., L. B., R. Wait, and A. R. Mitchell. "Finite Element Analysis and Applications." Mathematics of Computation 50, no. 181 (January 1988): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2007937.

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Hammond, Douglas, and Justin Whitty. "Finite element analysis and dentistry." Faculty Dental Journal 6, no. 3 (July 2015): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsfdj.2015.134.

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Finite element analysis (FEA) uses a computerised model to enable a material or model to be artificially stressed or analysed for specific material properties. FEA has been used in industry but is now being used more frequently in medicine and dentistry. It enables the design of new products and also allows for product refinement. This process makes it possible to verify a proposed design prior to what may be an expensive manufacturing process. It may also be able to determine why an existing product design has failed.

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39

Svedin, J. A. M. "Finite-element analysis of chirowaveguides." Electronics Letters 26, no. 13 (1990): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19900606.

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YOSHIKAWA, Nobuhiro, Yasuyuki MITSUI, Osamu KUWAZURU, and Yoshinori SHIHARA. "Finite Element Quantum Mechanical Analysis." Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD 2003 (2003): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmezairiki.2003.0_473.

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Nesterenko, T. G., I. V. Plotnikova, I. A. Plotnikov, O. M. Lysova, and L. D. Zhaldybin. "Micromechanical gyroscope finite-element analysis." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 23, no. 9 (September 2008): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2008.4635068.

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Chadha, H. S., and J. W. Baugh. "Network-distributed finite element analysis." Advances in Engineering Software 25, no. 2-3 (March 1996): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-9978(95)00095-x.

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Brown, P. T., and J. R. Booker. "Finite element analysis of excavation." Computers and Geotechnics 1, no. 3 (January 1985): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-352x(85)90024-2.

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Ghaboussi, J., and D. Pecknold. "Finite element analysis of excavation." Computers and Geotechnics 2, no. 2 (January 1986): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-352x(86)90008-x.

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Chiang, K. N., and R. E. Fulton. "Parallel transient finite element analysis." Computers & Structures 42, no. 5 (March 1992): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90185-3.

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Melosh, R. J. "Finite element analysis convergence curves." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 7, no. 2 (November 1990): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-874x(90)90003-w.

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Forde, Bruce W. R., Ricardo O. Foschi, and Siegfried F. Stiemer. "Object-oriented finite element analysis." Computers & Structures 34, no. 3 (January 1990): 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(90)90261-y.

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48

J. Trevelyan. "Finite element analysis and applications." Engineering Analysis 3, no. 2 (June 1986): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-682x(86)90048-1.

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Ayari, M. Laoucet, Pixin Zhang, and Zhiming Ye. "Finite element planar stress analysis." International Journal of Solids and Structures 33, no. 29 (December 1996): 4365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(95)00237-5.

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50

Manges, John B., John W. Silvestro, and Kezhong Zhao. "Finite-element analysis of infinite and finite arrays." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no. 3 (May 24, 2012): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078712000463.

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This paper considers and compares the numerical characterization of regular planar antenna arrays from two viewpoints. In the case where the array is sufficiently large, the well-known infinite array idealization applies and a very efficient simulation method is presented which combines array theory with a specialized form of the finite-element method called the transfinite element method (TFEM). Alternatively, a more direct approach is discussed in which the entire antenna array is simulated as a finite structure using recent advances in the domain decomposition method (DDM). Taken together, the two methods provide a comprehensive simulation method for regular arrays from small order to very large order.

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