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Journal articles on the topic 'Finland, description and travel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

Salenius, Sirpa. "Frances Willard's Peep at Finland." Journal of Finnish Studies 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.16.1.05.

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Abstract This article examines Frances Willard's first transatlantic tour of 1868–70, which played a key role in the development of her career. Her concern for improving the situation of women matured during her travels to European capitals and as far north as Helsinki, Finland. “A Peep at Finland” is one of the few travel articles that Willard published of the tour. In that article, she recorded her impressions of Finland's cities and their inhabitants. Her writing employs common travel-writing strategies, while her descriptions reflect dominant nineteenth-century American beliefs. After her tour, Willard became a prominent figure, working locally, nationally, and internationally within various reform organizations dedicated to women's causes. Her efforts to improve the situation of women are still recognized in countries like Finland.

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Buholce, Sarmīte. "Igaunijas un Somijas kultūrtelpu dialogs Ādolfa Ersa publicistikā." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 25 (March 4, 2020): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2020.25.236.

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Ādolfs Erss (1885–1945) is a journalist in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. He works and publishes in several newspapers “Līdums”, “Latvijas Sargs”, “Kopdarbība”, “Latvis”, “Jaunākās Ziņas”. As the special representative of the newspaper “Pēdējē Brīdī”, he travels to the Baltic States, gets acquainted with the countries and allows the reader to use the publicity material as a mental map to distance travel. In order to enrich the creative impressions, the intellectuals use the opportunity to travel during this period. The broadness of the vision, the extension of the geographical space, the inclusion of literary influences and impressions in their texts create innovations in the works of many writers. Erss is also experimenting with his texts: he is looking for new forms to compile the quality of cognition in history, geography, economy, and culture of different nations with his impressions and experiences. The emotional background symbiosis with factual material in Erss’ publications represents the cultural space of the era. It is important to look at a set of publications for each topos, for Estonia and Finland, to track their reception in the literary space of the modernist artistic system. The author puts the spotlight on writing as a priority, of different cultural space. The strategy of texts includes the parallelism of cultures of different countries, including Latvia, which is revealed through the various narrative patterns typical for Erss: travel descriptions and notes, letters from a “special correspondent”. The topicalities of national history, geography, economic life, literature and art are permeated by the possible paths of cultural parallels, rapprochement and cooperation. In his publications, Erss created the testimony of the era, justifying the idea of cooperation and rapprochement between cultures of different nations.

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Rybár, Olivér. "„Úgy nézek ki, mint Bernard Shaw?” Egy geográfus és a Nobel-díj – Cholnoky Jenő 1933. évi svédországi és norvégiai útja." Modern Geográfia 18, no. 3 (October 2023): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/mg.2023.18.03.04.

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Geographer, Jenő Cholnoky (1870–1950) visited Scandinavian countries three times during his life. During his first trip, between July 7–26, 1901. reached Finland, then in 1910 he travelled on the Scandinavian peninsula. He did not give a lecture at that time. The outstanding result of the year 1910 trip was a week of field research work spent on Spitsbergen (now Svalbard), where the conference audience of around 70 people toured the island together with local professional management. At the beginning of 1933, he reached Sweden and Norway again. He gave a total of four lectures in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Oslo. He spoke to the participants twice about the development of the Hungarian nation, and twice about the development of human cultures. His projected readings took place with great interest and press coverage. After his travel to Sweden and his autobiographical memoir, the legend about the scientist’s alleged nomination for the Nobel Prize took off. The veracity of these stories can now be refuted. The detailed description of his 1933 trip has not been presented before, the reconstruction of the trip was aided by previously unknown materials from the scientist’s legacy.

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Isola, Riina, Jenni Eckhardt, and Toni Lusikka. "Workplace travel planning: Case Finland." Transportation Research Procedia 72 (2023): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.463.

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5

Salenius, Sirpa. "Reflections of Home in Nineteenth-Century American Travel Writing of Finland." Journal of Finnish Studies 16, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.16.2.03.

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Abstract In the nineteenth century, Americans generally knew very little about Finland, which functioned primarily as a transitory halt for a small number of American travelers crossing from Sweden to Russia proper. As Finland never became a fashionable destination, the number of visitors remained small and the amount of time spent there brief. This essay examines American travel guides and magazine articles about travel in Finland, then a Grand Duchy of Russia, to argue that the portrayal of this marginal nation confirmed the values, beliefs, and ideologies of their American authors. Hence, although these nineteenth-century American travel texts focus on Finland and its people, the texts tend to reveal the American idealization of such concepts as whiteness and masculinity, intelligence, religiousness, and cleanliness. In this way, the images that nineteenth-century American travel writers construct of Finland are charged with a reflection constructed of the writers’ own nation.

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6

Sjögren, Jussi, Hanne Tiikkaja, and Steve O'Hern. "Travel barriers affecting subjective wellbeing in Tampere, Finland." Liikenne-vuosikirja 6 (February 9, 2024): 76–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.58956/liikenne.142997.

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Travel is an important activity enabling everyday life, as well as a recognised factor for the wellbeing of people. This study examined how experienced travel barriers and their effect on access to important destinations influenced subjective wellbeing (SWB). The study comprised a survey of 772 people living in two suburban areas of Tampere, Finland. The survey included questions about everyday travel, travel barriers, and their effect on access to destinations. SWB was measured using the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). Responses were analysed by comparing PWI scores with travel barriers and access to destinations using one way ANOVA. Results indicate a significant connection between several experienced barriers and SWB. Some travel barriers were associated with a worrying decline to critically low level of SWB, which raised questions about transport equity and connections between travel and wellbeing in the context of Finnish transport system.

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7

Lauén, Kirsi. "Facing the Otherness: Crossing the Finnish-Soviet Estonian Border as Narrated by Finnish Tourists." Culture Unbound 6, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 1123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1461123.

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This study examines Finnish travellers’ experiences of travelling across the sea frontier between Finland and Soviet Estonia during the period of 1965–1991. The article focuses on the narratives of Finnish tourists about border crossings and cultural encounters. The analysis concentrates on travellers’ relations and conceptions of the former Soviet Estonia and their descriptions of facing cultural otherness during their travels. The concept of otherness is used as an analytical tool to interpret the narratives.

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8

Lonergan, David. "Lemuria—Description and Travel." Community & Junior College Libraries 15, no. 3 (July 20, 2009): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763910902979486.

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9

Callister, Lynn Clark, Sirkka Lauri, and Katri Vehvilainen-Julkunen. "A Description of Birth in Finland." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 25, no. 3 (May 2000): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-200005000-00008.

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10

Antti, Honkanen, and Pekka Mustonen. "Tourism consumption revisited - An empirical study of Finnish consumers." Finnish Journal of Social Research 1 (December 15, 2008): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51815/fjsr.110681.

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According to postmodern theories, social divisions are based on identity and lifestyle rather than on sociodemographic background. In this paper, the effects of these both were examined. Tourism consumption was divided into two dimensions, tourism consumption and desire to travel more. Empirical analysis were based on two nation-wide surveys, Finland 1999 and Finland 2004. Sociodemographic factors were assumed to influence more on tourism consumption than on desire to travel more. The results were somewhat parallel with the hypothesis. However, both demographics and lifestyle determinants should be taken into account. The effects have remained quite stable regardless of the finding that desire to travel more has decreased while tourism consumption has increased.

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11

Tenkanen, Henrikki, Ngoc Chau, and Subhrasankha Dey. "A data-driven approach for estimating travel-related carbon emissions with high spatial and temporal granularity." AGILE: GIScience Series 5 (May 30, 2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-5-45-2024.

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Abstract. The transport sector is the second-largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the EU, with a high reliance on fossil fuels and increasing demand for transportation. In Finland, cars are the most common means of travel, accounting for 60% of overall domestic travel. Considering that a significant portion of the work-related trips in Finland (70%) are done by car, there exists great potential to reduce travel-related emissions by substituting short-distance work trips with active transport. Typically, the potential for reducing travel related carbon emissions are studied using travel surveys or other national level statistics. However, there is little geographical evidence regarding the extent of carbon reduction potential achieved through the shift to active transportation, i.e. where the carbon-reduction potential is highest?This study aims to develop a data-driven method to assess the potential reduction of carbon emissions from commuters switching from car to more sustainable travel modes. As a case study, we investigate the carbon reduction potential in Otaniemi, Espoo (Finland) which is a major commuting hub with large business corporations and research institutes. More specifically, we analyze and simulate the influence of replacing short car-based commuting trips with trips done by electric bikes. Furthermore, we investigate the change in commute-related emissions to Otaniemi before and after the pandemic. Our results show that there were major changes in the work-related travel demand that significantly reduced the carbon footprint from commuting. In addition, our simulation shows that there exists significant potential to reduce travel-related emissions if short car trips (less than 5 km distance) would be done by e-bikes instead of cars. Our approach shows great potential for providing crucial place-based information for employers and policymakers to promote sustainable mobility cultures and effectively target climate mitigation policies.

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12

Inkinen, Tommi. "Urban Travel Information and Wireless Technologies in Helsinki, Finland." Journal of Urban Technology 17, no. 2 (August 2010): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2010.515085.

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13

NAKARI, U. M., E. HUOVINEN, M. KUUSI, and A. SIITONEN. "Population-based surveillance study ofCampylobacterinfections in Finland." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 12 (March 22, 2010): 1712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810000567.

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SUMMARYThe annual incidence in 14 361 campylobacteriosis cases reported in Finland in 2002–2005 varied between 61 and 76/100 000 population. The mean incidence was highest (148/100 000) in the 25–29 years age group and lowest (range 21–24/100 000) in children aged 5–14 years and patients aged ⩾75 years. The number of domestic cases was low in winter and peaked in summer. A total of 622 strains isolated from domestic infections and 785 foreign travel-related strains were serotyped. Serotypes Pen 3 and Pen 37 had the strongest association with travel-related infections (96%,P<0·001), and Pen 6,7, Pen 12 and Pen 27 were significantly associated with domestic infections (>70% domestic within each serotype,P<0·001). Pen 2 and Pen 1,44 were less common in older than in younger patients. Of domestic strains, a higher proportion of Pen 2 strains was isolated in winter (18%) compared to the other serotypes (0–10%).

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14

Savonen, Taina, and Ulla Kotonen. "Sustainability in the Travel Industry: Empirical Findings from the Biggest Travel Companies Operating in Finland." International Journal of Sustainability Policy and Practice 10, no. 3-4 (2015): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1166/cgp/v10i3-4/55351.

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15

Mezin, Sergey A. "Moscow Travel Guide for Voltaire." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 21, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-4-431-436.

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The manuscript “Description of the city of Moscow” from the Voltaire Library has been subjected to special study for the first time. In this essay, the ancient Russian capital is presented as a vast and crowded city, the distinctive feature of which is the abundance of churches and monasteries. The description of the city is conducted according to the historically formed parts: the Kremlin, Kitay-gorod, White City, Earthen City. The description is based on the “Plan of the Imperial city of Moscow” by I. Michurin (1739). The most likely the author of this kind of guidebooks is I. C. Taubert.

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16

Dewi Amelia Lestari. "TINJAUAN JOB DESCRIPTION STAFF CUSTOMER SERVICE TERHADAP TINGKAT KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI PT ROSALIA INDAH TOUR & TRAVEL SLAMET RIYADI." NAWASENA : Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56910/nawasena.v1i2.333.

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Dilihat dari segi semakin padatnya penduduk serta kebutuhan yang semakin tinggi, menjadikan daerah Surakarta dan sekitarnya menjadi potensi pasar tersendiri untuk industri transportasi. Salah satu perusahaan transportasi secara nasional yang berada di wilayah Surakarta adalah PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi. Selama ini belum diketahui pelaksanaan job description staff customer service di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi dan tingkat kualitas pelayanan di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi, padahal saat ini kompetitor semakin banyak dan berkembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dimana metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, studi pustaka, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain: Pertama, bahwa job description staff customer service terdapat 15 point sesuai dengan dokumen job description staff customer service di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi. Kedua, pelaksanaan mengenai job description staff customer service ada 76,7 % menjawab sudah melaksanakan dan 23,3 % menjawab kadang-kadang melaksanakan. Sedangkan penilaian pelaksanaan job description staff customer service dapat diketahui bahwa ada 2 (100%) orang staff (Customer Service) yang sudah melaksanakan job description. Ketiga, prosentase tingkat kualitas pelayanan di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel harapan dari segi mutu, proses dan service sangat penting 49,3%, penting 50,2% dan kurang penting 0,4%. Sedangkan untuk prosentase kenyataan dari segi mutu, proses dan service sangat baik 30,2%, baik 64% dan kurang baik 4,4%.

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17

Granqvist, Raoul. "The Travel Text as Appropriation: a Victorian Lady in Russian Finland." Orbis Litterarum 50, no. 4 (August 1995): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0730.1995.tb00081.x.

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18

Guo, Xinxin, Juho Pesonen, and Raija Komppula. "Comparing online travel review platforms as destination image information agents." Information Technology & Tourism 23, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40558-021-00201-w.

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AbstractOnline travel reviews have been extensively used as an important data source in tourism research. Typically, data for online travel review research is collected only from one platform. However, drawing definite conclusions based on single platform analyses may thus produce biases and lead to erroneous conclusions and decisions. Therefore, this research verifies whether or not there are discrepancies and commonalities between different travel review platforms. In this study, five native Chinese travel review platforms were selected: Ctrip; Qyer; Mafengwo; Tuniu; and Qunar. Using a mixed content analysis method, the destination image of Finland was extracted from 10,197 travel reviews in Simplified Chinese as the destination image is a popular topic in online review research. Results show Finland’s destination image representation varies between Chinese travel review platforms. This discrepancy is especially prominent in the dimension of functional and mixed functional-psychological destination attributes. Significant theoretical contributions and managerial implications for the analysis of online travel reviews and destination image research are discussed.

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19

Virkkunen, J. "Disease control and border lockdown at the EU’s internal borders during Covid-19 pandemic: the case of Finland." Baltic Region 12, no. 4 (2020): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-4-5.

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The article discusses the lockdown of the EU’s internal borders during the Covid-19 pandemic in Finland. Special attention is paid to bordering as a means of disease control and the governments’ aim to “protect the population and secure functions of society”. Not only did the government restrict flights and ‘non-essential’ travel from non-Schengen countries such as Russia, China and Thailand but, with some exceptions, it also restricted travel-to-work commuting and everyday cross-border encounters between Finland and its Schengen neighbours of Sweden, Norway and Estonia. The restrictions hampered tourism and migrant-dependent industries as well as complicated the lives of migrants’ families. While the lockdown of the Estonian and Russian border does not cause any debates in Finnish society, the closure of the Finnish-Swedish border that has been completely open since the 1950s and the new regime led to a debate of citizens’ constitutional rights and to civil disobedience that materialised in semi-legal border crossings.

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Virkkunen, J. "Disease control and border lockdown at the EU’s internal borders during Covid-19 pandemic: the case of Finland." Baltic Region 12, no. 4 (2020): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-4-5.

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The article discusses the lockdown of the EU’s internal borders during the Covid-19 pandemic in Finland. Special attention is paid to bordering as a means of disease control and the governments’ aim to “protect the population and secure functions of society”. Not only did the government restrict flights and ‘non-essential’ travel from non-Schengen countries such as Russia, China and Thailand but, with some exceptions, it also restricted travel-to-work commuting and everyday cross-border encounters between Finland and its Schengen neighbours of Sweden, Norway and Estonia. The restrictions hampered tourism and migrant-dependent industries as well as complicated the lives of migrants’ families. While the lockdown of the Estonian and Russian border does not cause any debates in Finnish society, the closure of the Finnish-Swedish border that has been completely open since the 1950s and the new regime led to a debate of citizens’ constitutional rights and to civil disobedience that materialised in semi-legal border crossings.

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21

Salmi-Niklander, Kirsti. "Adventurers, Flâneurs, and Agitators: Travel Stories as Means for Marking and Transgressing Boundaries in 19th and Early 20th Century Finland." Culture Unbound 6, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 1145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.14611145.

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The article focuses on border crossings in travel stories, which were published in hand-written newspapers in 19th- and early 20th-century Finland. These papers were a popular tradition in student organizations and popular movements. Border crossings appear in travel stories in three different representations. Firstly, border crossings are repeated motifs in travel stories, both as challenging events and as small gestures and encounters. Travel stories demarcate boundaries, but they also provide a means for transgressing them. Secondly, hand-written newspapers as a literary practice highlight borders between oral and written communication. They were produced as one single manuscript copy, and published by being read out aloud in social events. Thirdly, the authors of hand-written newspapers were placed on the border of different positions in society such as class, gender and age. My analysis is based on the methodological discussion of small stories and personal experience narratives; travel stories can be defined as “local event narratives”. I have outlined four basic models for travel stories which emerge from hand-written newspapers: the great mission story, the grand tour story, the flâneur story and the retreat story. The analysis of travel stories is presented through four different case studies with a time range from the 1850s to the 1920s: these materials have been produced in two provincial student fraternities (osakunta), in the temperance society “Star” in Helsinki in the 1890s, and in the Social Democratic Youth Club in the small industrial town of Karkkila in the 1910s and the 1920s. Many parallel features can be observed in travel stories, even though the social background and ideology of the authors are quite different. Time and space are important aspects in travel stories, and they often demarcate boundaries of class and gender.

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22

Lampainen, Kaisa, Aarni Hannula, Laura Miettinen, Jorma Ryhänen, Paulus Torkki, and Sina Hulkkonen. "Registry cost description of carpal tunnel release in Finland in 2011–2015." BMJ Open 14, no. 7 (July 2024): e080855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080855.

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ObjectivesIn this study, we evaluated the amount of public funds spent on the operative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in Finland in 2011–2015.DesignA registry-based cost burden study.SettingThe data were collected in primary and secondary care in both private and public hospitals, covering the whole population of Finland.ParticipantsWe collected the total number of patients with new CTS diagnoses and the total number of patients undergoing surgery from the Care Register for Health Care, Finland’s national register.InterventionsOpen carpal tunnel release (OCTR).Outcome measuresWe collected the costs of the OCTR procedure from diagnosis-related group prices. The Social Insurance Institution of Finland provided the total amount of euros reimbursed for sick leaves. We then combined the average amount of reimbursed sick leave with our estimated cost of the treatment chain to approximate the average cost per patient.ResultsThe average amount of public funds used for diagnosing and surgically treating new CTS in 2011–2015 in Finland, including reimbursements for sick leaves, was €2759 per patient in 2015 currency. The average direct procedure cost was €1020. We found no clear trend in total cost per patient, but the proportion of surgically treated patients rose from 63.14% to 73.09%. The total annual cost of these treatments was between €18 128 420 and €22 569 973.ConclusionsThe average amount of public funds used to surgically treat one patient with new CTS in 2011–2015 in Finland was €2759, making the total annual burden €20.7 million.

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23

Jung, In-Chul. "Herodotus’ Histories as Travel Writing and Geographical Description." Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers 30, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29349/jchg.2018.30.2.28.

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24

Krivosheina, Nina. "A new and little known species of the genus Aspistes Meigen (Diptera, Scatopsidae) from Finland." Entomologica Fennica 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84053.

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Flies of the genus Aspistes Meigen from the collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Finland, (ZMH) have been revised. One new species, A. helleni sp.n., is described from Finland. Data on the morphology and the distribution of A. freyi Cook are given, including the description of the female. A key to the Palaearctic species of the genus Aspistes Meigen is presented.

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25

Suominen, Kristiina, Tessa Häkkänen, Jukka Ranta, Jukka Ollgren, Rauni Kivistö, Päivikki Perko-Mäkelä, Saara Salmenlinna, and Ruska Rimhanen-Finne. "Campylobacteriosis in Finland: Passive Surveillance in 2004–2021 and a Pilot Case-Control Study with Whole-Genome Sequencing in Summer 2022." Microorganisms 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2024): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010132.

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Campylobacteriosis causes a significant disease burden in humans worldwide and is the most common type of zoonotic gastroenteritis in Finland. To identify infection sources for domestic Campylobacter infections, we analyzed Campylobacter case data from the Finnish Infectious Disease Register (FIDR) in 2004–2021 and outbreak data from the National Food- and Waterborne Outbreak Register (FWO Register) in 2010–2021, and conducted a pilot case-control study (256 cases and 756 controls) with source attribution and patient sample analysis using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in July–August 2022. In the FIDR, 41% of the cases lacked information on travel history. Based on the case-control study, we estimated that of all cases, 39% were of domestic origin. Using WGS, 22 clusters of two or more cases were observed among 185 domestic cases, none of which were reported to the FWO register. Based on this case-control study and source attribution, poultry is an important source of campylobacteriosis in Finland. More extensive sampling and comparison of patient, food, animal, and environmental isolates is needed to estimate the significance of other sources. In Finland, campylobacteriosis is more often of domestic origin than FIDR notifications indicate. To identify the domestic cases, travel information should be included in the FIDR notification, and to improve outbreak detection, all domestic patient isolates should be sequenced.

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KAHANPÄÄ, JERE. "Finnish species of Nemotelus (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), with description of a new species." Zootaxa 2401, no. 1 (March 17, 2010): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2401.1.2.

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Four species of the soldier fly genus Nemotelus are recorded from Finland. One of them, Nemotelus (Nemotelus) infortunatus sp. nov., is described as new to science from material collected from south-eastern Finland and the adjacent Russian Republic of Karelia. The new species differs from the other North European Nemotelus species by the partially black postpronotum, darkened fore and mid tibiae and details of the male genitalia. Details of six Nemotelus occurring in North and northern Central Europe are presented for comparison and all six species are shown in colour photographs. A revised key to the North European species of Nemotelus is presented.

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Taylor, Kathryn. "Making Statesmen, Writing Culture: Ethnography, Observation, and Diplomatic Travel in Early Modern Venice." Journal of Early Modern History 22, no. 4 (August 3, 2018): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342596.

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AbstractNumerous scholars have sought to locate the origins of social scientific research in the late-sixteenth-century ars apodemica, the northern European body of literature dedicated to methodizing educational travel. Little attention has been paid, however, to the earlier model of educational travel that emerged from sixteenth-century Venetian diplomatic culture. For many Venetian citizens and patricians, accompanying an ambassador on a foreign mission served as a cornerstone of their political education. Diplomatic travelers were encouraged to keep written accounts of their voyage. Numerous examples of these journals survive from the sixteenth century, largely following a standard formula and marked by an emphasis on the description of customs. This article examines the educational function of diplomatic travel in Venice and the practices of cultural description that emerged from diplomatic travel, arguing that Venetian diplomatic travel offers an earlier model for the methodization of travel—one with its own distinctive norms of observation.

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Eriksson, Niklas. "User categories of mobile travel services." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 5, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-10-2012-0028.

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Purpose – This study aims to identify user categories of mobile travel services and analyze the differences between the categories based on individual characteristics, the individuals' perceived barriers to use internet-/mobile services during a trip and the individuals' preferred channel strategies. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive online survey in Finland was conducted to collect the data and a cluster analysis is used to identify the user categories. Findings – The study indicates that there are four user categories of mobile travel services: “info-seekers”, “checkers”, “bookers” and “all-rounders” and one group of “non-users”. Research limitations/implications – Due to the online data collection method and the self-selective process, the sample may be biased towards respondents finding electronic travel services important. It would be of value to conduct similar studies on a representative sample of the total population of different countries. Practical implications – The identified categories can be seen as consumer segments for which travel service providers can target mobile services. Originality/value – This study contributes with a categorization of mobile travelers and provides insights on the diffusion of mobile travel services.

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Tiškina, Valentina, Eeva-Liisa Lindqvist, Anna-Clara Blomqvist, Merle Orav, Christen Rune Stensvold, and Pikka Jokelainen. "Autochthonous Angiostrongylus vasorum in Finland." Veterinary Record Open 6, no. 1 (March 2019): e000314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2018-000314.

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Angiostrongylus vasorum has spread farther north in Europe. In this study, two autochthonous findings from dogs from Finland are described: in February 2014, the infection was diagnosed in a 10-month-old labrador retriever, and in February 2017, in a three-year-old French bulldog. These diagnoses were based on direct detection of the larvae from faeces of the dogs. The dogs had no history of travel to or import from abroad; the first lived in Southern Finland and the other in Western Finland, about 150 km apart. The dogs had no clinical signs attributable to angiostrongylosis. An online questionnaire was used to survey the extent to which veterinarians in Finland have self-reportedly observed canine A vasorum infections. A total of 38 veterinarians authorised to work in Finland answered the questionnaire in December 2017, and 9 (24%) of them reported having seen one or more dogs with A vasorum infection in Finland. The results suggest that at least five individual dogs with A vasorum infection would have been seen in Finland, three of which had an apparently autochthonous infection. While the geographical distribution of A vasorum in Finland remains largely unknown, findings have started to appear from domestic dogs. It remains possible that some veterinarians could have misdiagnosed, for example, Crenosoma vulpis larvae as those of A vasorum, and the findings without confirmation using antigen test could be due to coprophagy and passage of ingested larvae; however, this does not change the main conclusion that can be made: A vasorum is already multifocally present in Finland. Increasing awareness about A vasorum is important in areas where it is emerging and spreading.

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Goldberg, Sabrina, Jana Dean, and Paivi Portaankorva-Koivisto. "Learning to learn in mathematics: Two Fulbright distinguished awards in teaching fellows’ narratives." Journal of Global Education and Research 7, no. 3 (December 2023): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2577-509x.7.3.1225.

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Two middle school educators earned a Fulbright Distinguished Award in Teaching fellowship. A Fulbright Finland Foundation inter-country travel grant provided the grantees with a unique opportunity to connect and collaborate at the University of Helsinki. Within this research, they described their inquiry experiences. The research included examining authentic student-centered learning continuums and phenomenon-based learning in Finland and teachers’ adaptability in relation to meeting the needs of linguistically and culturally diverse math classrooms in the Netherlands. This paper summarizes how cross-cultural dialogues, classroom observations, and informal interviews with educators, students, and thought leaders informed each grantee’s discovery of how student-centered learning is structured, delivered, and valued in Finland and the Netherlands. This article (1) describes how communication empowers middle school mathematics students, (2) analyzes the learning-to-learn framework, and (3) provides insights into how to utilize language diversity in a mathematics classroom.

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Rigon, Riccardo, Marialaura Bancheri, and Timothy R. Green. "Age-ranked hydrological budgets and a travel time description of catchment hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 12 (December 15, 2016): 4929–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4929-2016.

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Abstract. The theory of travel time and residence time distributions is reworked from the point of view of the hydrological storages and fluxes involved. The forward and backward travel time distribution functions are defined in terms of conditional probabilities. Previous approaches that used fixed travel time distributions are not consistent with our new derivation. We explain Niemi's formula and show how it can be interpreted as an expression of the Bayes theorem. Some connections between this theory and population theory are identified by introducing an expression which connects life expectancy with travel times. The theory can be applied to conservative solutes, including a method of estimating the storage selection functions. An example, based on the Nash hydrograph, illustrates some key aspects of the theory. Generalization to an arbitrary number of reservoirs is presented.

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Barkasi, Michael, and Melanie G. Rosen. "Is mental time travel real time travel?" Philosophy and the Mind Sciences 1, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33735/phimisci.2020.1.28.

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Episodic memory (memories of the personal past) and prospecting the future (anticipating events) are often described as mental time travel (MTT). While most use this description metaphorically, we argue that episodic memory may allow for MTT in at least some robust sense. While episodic memory experiences may not allow us to literally travel through time, they do afford genuine awareness of past-perceived events. This is in contrast to an alternative view on which episodic memory experiences present past-perceived events as mere intentional contents. Hence, episodic memory is a way of coming into experiential contact with, or being again aware of, what happened in the past. We argue that episodic memory experiences depend on a causal-informational link with the past events being remembered, and that, assuming direct realism about episodic memory experiences, this link suffices for genuine awareness. Since there is no such link in future prospection, a similar argument cannot be used to show that it also affords genuine awareness of future events. Constructivist views of memory might challenge the idea of memory as genuine awareness of remembered events. We explain how our view is consistent with both constructivist and anti-causalist conceptions of memory. There is still room for an interpretation of episodic memory as enabling genuine awareness of past events, even if it involves reconstruction.

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Dymshits, Valery. "“The Sky, Flying Like a Bird!” (Finland in the Prose of Isaak Babel and Osip Mandelstam)." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 1 (2018): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2018.1.2.3.

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The images of Finland in the prose of Isaac Babel and Osip Mandelstam are similar in many aspects. Both writers shared the view of this country as a kind of substitute for the Promised Land. Both authors used the image of the open sky over an empty space as a topos for the Finnish space they associated with the romantic picture of the biblical desert. Such “biblical” association influenced not only the description of Finland but also the portrayals of Finns in Isaac Babel’s and Osip Mandelstam’s prose. The article argues that their strong emotional attachment to Finland was typical for many Russian Jews of their social class and generation.

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Supponen, Lauri. "Festival Glasperlenspiel, Estonia. Tartu 9–15 July 2020 and Saaremaa 15–18 July 2020." Tempo 75, no. 295 (December 17, 2020): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298220000704.

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Although 2020 will mostly be remembered as a period of hiatus for music festivals, a period of relative stability during the summer in Estonia enabled the festival Glasperlenspiel to hold most of its 25th anniversary programme. The strict restrictions on travel and gatherings (limited to 2 people in March) were eased in May when Covid cases in Estonia went under 10 per 100,000. Travel from Finland opened without restrictions on June 15, and the festival organisers knew in May that public events would again be allowed as of July 1. They were cutting it rather close, as until 30 June public events were completely prohibited.

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TSUBOI, Hyota, and Takamasa AKIYAMA. "Fuzzy-Neural Network Models for Description of Travel Behaviour." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 14 (1997): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.14.567.

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Gooroochurn, Nishaal, and Guntur Sugiyarto. "Competitiveness Indicators in the Travel and Tourism Industry." Tourism Economics 11, no. 1 (March 2005): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000053297130.

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The competitiveness of tourist destinations is important, especially as countries strive for a bigger market share. However, competitiveness is a complex concept, encompassing various aspects that are difficult to measure. This paper discusses an innovative approach for measuring tourism competitiveness using eight main indicators – price, openness, technology, infrastructure, human tourism, social development, environment and human resources – for over 200 countries. Weights for each theme are derived using confirmatory factor analysis in order to compute an aggregate index, and it is found that the social and technology indicators have the highest weights while the human tourism and environment indicators have the lowest. Cluster analysis is used to group destinations according to their performance level. The USA, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Australia are found to be the most competitive destinations, while Burkina Faso, Chad, Benin, Ethiopia and Cambodia are the least competitive.

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Heiskanen, Eva, Sirkku Kivisaari, Raimo Lovio, and Per Mickwitz. "Designed to travel? Transition management encounters environmental and innovation policy histories in Finland." Policy Sciences 42, no. 4 (June 3, 2009): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-009-9094-2.

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Halminen, Saija, and Jose Carlos Garcia-Rosell. "Learning about sustainability in small tourism firms – The case of Sustainable Travel Finland." Matkailututkimus 18, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33351/mt.116840.

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Bagheri, Mehrdad, Miloš N. Mladenović, Iisakki Kosonen, and Jukka K. Nurminen. "Analysis of Potential Shift to Low-Carbon Urban Travel Modes: A Computational Framework Based on High-Resolution Smartphone Data." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155901.

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Given the necessity to understand the modal shift potentials at the level of individual travel times, emissions, and physically active travel distances, there is a need for accurately computing such potentials from disaggregated data collection. Despite significant development in data collection technology, especially by utilizing smartphones, there are limited efforts in developing useful computational frameworks for this purpose. First, development of a computational framework requires longitudinal data collection of revealed travel behavior of individuals. Second, such a computational framework should enable scalable analysis of time-relevant low-carbon travel alternatives in the target region. To this end, this research presents an open-source computational framework, developed to explore the potential for shifting from private car to lower-carbon travel alternatives. In comparison to previous development, our computational framework estimates and illustrates the changes in travel time in relation to the potential reductions in emission and increases in physically active travel, as well as daily weather conditions. The potential usefulness of the framework was evaluated using long-term travel data of around a hundred travelers within the Helsinki Metropolitan Region, Finland. The case study outcomes also suggest that in several cases traveling by public transport or bike would not increase travel time compared to the observed car travel. Based on the case study results, we discuss potentially acceptable travel times for mode shift, and usefulness of the computational framework for decisions regarding transition to sustainable urban mobility systems. Finally, we discuss limitations and lessons learned for data collection and further development of similar computational frameworks.

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Kozlovskaya, Elena, Janne Narkilahti, Jouni Nevalainen, Riitta Hurskainen, and Hanna Silvennoinen. "Seismic observations at the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory: history, present, and the future." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 5, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-365-2016.

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Abstract. Instrumental seismic observations in northern Finland started in the 1950s. They were originally initiated by the Institute of Seismology of the University of Helsinki (ISUH), but the staff of Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO) and later geophysicists of the University of Oulu (UO) were involved in the development of seismological observations and research in northern Finland from the very beginning. This close cooperation between seismologists and the technical staff of ISUH, UO, and SGO continued in many significant international projects and enabled a high level of seismological research in Finland. In our paper, we present history and current status of seismic observations and seismological research in northern Finland at the UO and SGO. These include both seismic observations at permanent seismic stations and temporary seismic experiments with portable seismic equipment. We describe the present seismic instrumentation and major research topics of the seismic group at SGO and discuss plans for future development of permanent seismological observations and portable seismic instrumentation at SGO as part of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) research infrastructure. We also present the research topics of the recently organized Laboratory of Applied Seismology, and show examples of seismic observations performed by new seismic equipment located at this laboratory and selected results of time-lapse seismic body wave travel-time tomography using the data of microseismic monitoring in the Pyhäsalmi Mine (northern Finland).

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Weber, Sylvain, Martin Péclat, and August Warren. "Travel distance and travel time using Stata: New features and major improvements in georoute." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 22, no. 1 (March 2022): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x221083857.

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The community-contributed command georoute is designed to calculate travel distance and travel time between two addresses or two geographical points identified by their coordinates. Since its conception and description by Weber and Péclat (2017, Stata Journal 17: 962–971), the command has been gradually maintained and enriched. The new version of georoute presented in this article encompasses major improvements, such as the possibility to specify transport mode and departure time. The new features open the way to a multitude of more sophisticated research applications.

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Kondrateva, Svetlana V., and Ekaterina A. Shlapeko. "Travel preferences of Finnish cross-border tourists: Opportunities and limitations for Russian Karelia." Geographia Polonica 94, no. 4 (2021): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0220.

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The study aims to examine travel preferences of Finnish cross-border tourists with special reference to the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Data were collected using paper-based and online surveys from 300 respondents travelling from Finland to the Russian Karelia. Although cross-border tourists are a significant part in the inbound tourist flow to Russian Karelia, several obstacles for this type of tourism have been revealed. Measures to stimulate Finnish tourists to travel to Russian Karelia are suggested. The results of this study can be used to improve Karelian tourist products by providing services as expected by tourists. The findings are limited to visitors of Russian Karelia and should therefore be interpreted with caution.

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Tretyakova, Marina V. "Russian travelers of the XVII century about the osteries of Italian cities." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 23, no. 1 (February 21, 2023): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2023-23-1-4-11.

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The article discusses the description of the osteria of Italian cities by Russian travelers of the XVII century – stolnik P. A. Tolstoy and boyar B. P. Sheremetev. Only in the travel notes of stolnik P. A. Tolstoy is a detailed description of the osteria given. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the entries of the travel diaries of Russian travelers of the XVII century and their actual tour contributed to the active penetration of such an institution into the everyday life of Russia.

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Muinonen, Arto, Veikko Rinne, and Eero Vesterinen. "Dichrooscytus fervens sp. n., a new species of Miridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from Finland." Entomologica Fennica 30, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.87171.

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Dichrooscytus fervens Muinonen & Rinne sp. n. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) is described based on material collected in Finland between 2011 and 2018. A morphological description is provided along with DNA barcodes (COI gene) and a phylogeny of all the Dichrooscytus species for which a DNA barcode is available. The new species lives on Picea spp. and is still known only from Finland. A map of all the records is given, as well as an identification key of the Dichrooscytus species occurring in northern Europe.

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GASMI, CHahinaz, and MESSAOUD Bensari. "Landscape Illustration Flashing in Al-Aghouati Trip." Milev Journal of Research and Studies 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.58205/mjrs.v8i1.610.

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Travel literature used to be a favorite resource for intelligentsia in general ; historians depend on it as an authentic document and ;geographers explore more about the countries and places ;anthropologists try to study the origin and development of human societies; cultures ;customs ; and tradition . As for the writer; he will be involved in different literary styles ,storytelling fact and fiction ; narration ;description ;dialogue and exciting scenes. This article aims to shed light on the Ibn E-Din Al- Aghouati travel document which was dominated by a brief flash description ; without prejudice to the meaning.

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Pidberezna, V., and S. Demianenko. "Travel through Ukrainian labyrinths as a direction on speleoturism." Constructive geography and rational use of natural resources, no. 4 (2024): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2786-4561.2024.4.special-16/19.

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The article presents the basics of speleotourism, highlights the state and development of speleotourism in Ukraine. An analysis of the territory was carried out for the development of the excursion. As part of the study, objects were selected and a route was planned, which runs through the territory of Chernivtsi and Ternopil regions. A technological map of the excursion, a description of the main objects and the main that of the excursion have been developed. A project track of the route with a detailed description has been compiled.

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Kahanpää, Jere, and Antti Haarto. "Notes on Fanniidae (Diptera) of Finland, with a description of the female of Fannia stigi Rognes, 1982." Entomologica Fennica 24, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84612.

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This paper documents the presence of 20 species of Fanniidae in Finland. Fannia alpina Pont, 1970 and F. slovaca Gregor & Rozkošný, 2005 are new to North Europe. Fannia barbata (Stein, 1892), F. lineata (Stein, 1892) and F. nigra Malloch, 1910 are removed from the Finnish checklist. The female of Fannia stigi Rognes, 1982 is described from a Finnish specimen caught together with a male. The total number of fanniid flies known from Finland is now 61.

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Stepanova, Vera A. "Araphid diatoms of different ecological groups in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 2(20) (2019): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2019-2(20)-146-149.

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In this paper, based on the results of our own research and data from the literature, a description of the association of most species of araphid diatoms with various substrates in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland is given.

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FRITZÉN, NICLAS R. "Natural history and description of Zatypota kerstinae sp.nov. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) reared from Theridion palmgreni Marusik et Tsellarius (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Finland." Zootaxa 2487, no. 1 (May 28, 2010): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2487.1.5.

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Zatypota kerstinae sp. nov., belonging to the Polysphincta group of genera, is described. Its unusual cocoon is figured and a discussion on the natural history, the possible total distribution, the host range and the rarity of the new species is provided. Like all other species of the Polysphincta group of genera, the new species is a koinobiont ectoparasitoid of spiders. It has been reared from the theridiid Theridion palmgreni Marusik & Tsellarius, 1986 in Finland, collected mainly by beating lower branches of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in old forests. The results indicate that Z. kerstinae is univoltine with a very narrow realised host range consisting of a single species in Finland. Z. kerstinae seems to be a rare species in Finland, not only in entomological collections. Zatypota now comprises 7 species in Europe.

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Meriläinen, Antti P. "Impact of Low-Volume Road Network Improvements on Rural Community Development in Finland." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1559, no. 1 (January 1996): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155900113.

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Two models are introduced: a village vitality model for assessing the impacts of individual road improvements on the vitality of rural communities in Finland and a market potential model for assessing the impact of road improvements on retail sales in villages. Interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted with the representatives and residents of six villages of different types in southern Finland to examine the existing problems and evaluate the impacts of improving the access roads to villages. The impacts of alternative road improvement measures, or their combinations, are assessed on the speed and travel time on the access road to villages. This has a direct impact on the accessibility of villages and thus reflects the change in village vitality induced by the alternative road improvement measures. According to the village vitality model, major improvements to the low-volume road network have no significant measurable impacts on rural community development. Furthermore, according to the village interviews and surveys, road condition and travel time on the access roads to villages are not the most important factors affecting village development, even though they will support it. Consequently, the overall accessibility of villages is significant, but it is not the major variable in explaining village vitality and rural community development. Low-volume road network improvements will indirectly promote rural community development, and improved accessibility will advance the development of some essential sectors of rural economy.

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