Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Finney County'

Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Architecture, Planning & Design
John W. Keller
Some parts of rural America are experiencing unprecedented demographic and cultural changes as immigrant settlement patterns shift from traditional gateway cities to rural regions that have enticing economic opportunities. In particular, southwest Kansas has become a magnet for immigrant workers and their families. Between 2007 and 2008, Finney County became a majority-minority county (Callebs, 2009). However, lack of affordable housing and limited housing stock has strained communities and become an obstacle for newly settling immigrants (Stull, 2011). This study aims to redress the limited research on immigrants in rural regions and focuses specifically on the cultural experiences of Finney County Hispanic immigrants regarding integration into the local housing community. This qualitative case study is designed using the housing career framework (Murdie, 2002) to capture the factors that influence the housing experience of Hispanic immigrants. The 25 participants were recruited using snowball sampling and convenience sampling techniques. Based on the participant’s language preference, the in-depth interviews were conducted in English or Spanish. This study has found that the mission of community planning has to be a multifaceted process to address the varied needs of immigrant families. Community planners and policy makers can use the information this study provides to better serve the immigrant Hispanic community, which is expected to grow over the coming years.

In this Master's project, my work has been concerned with a number of ideas associated with old age and ageing, and with the physical, psychological and social conditions and changes that attend this period of human life. The realisation that one is reaching what is commonly understood as old age is a paradoxical one: a sense of change accompanied by wisdom and insight, yet also the recognition of decline and the stasis that accompanies this. In order to discuss old age it is necessary to try to define the term and to identify what the boundaries are between youth, 'middle-age' and old age. In popular culture, at times expressed through poetry, the progression through life is seen in easily identified stages, variously numbered from three (infancy, adulthood, old age) to Shakespeare's classic 'seven ages of man' from his play As You Like It. Despite this variety, the 'old age' state is generally accompanied by greying hair, and the noticeable onset of physical and cognitive deterioration. These various stages of human development are all affected by significant life events and crises, in many cases marked or celebrated by rites of passage for events such as leaving school after matriculating, marriage, the birth of a child, or celebration of the first year of a new decade. There is no definitive marker for the onset of old age, but perhaps the closest is that of formal retirement from working life, typically around the age of 65. Although many transitional events can be uplifting, bringing new gains and insights, they invariably involve some form of loss. In particular, it is the aged and elderly who suffer the greatest sense of loss as theirs are many and varied – children leave home, friends or family members die, the body begins to fail, mental abilities often diminish and social status is lost. More significantly, perhaps, old people often lose opportunities and the promises of the future. Yet despite these negative aspects, old age can also offer its own particular rewards and possibilities for growth, as my own experiences and investigations have shown.

My initial focus as a final project in the Creative Pulse was to begin to sing again. Singing fulfilled the three requirements of choice in a project: risk, rigor, and the requirement of having to do it. I had sung as a young man, and stopped as the result of listening to an adult tell me that I could not sing. During the following 23 years, I used percussion and became a dancer in order to express myself. The art forms of percussion and dance I was drawn to like a man is drawn to a woman that he must have. What about being drawn to an art form in order to continue existing? An artistic pursuit whose means of expression are a salvation? One can read about many artists who came into an art form out of necessity. Their life outside of expressing themselves was bleak and the art form became their cry. I by no means wish to place myself at the level of expertise of such artists that came to their art to survive, or to imply that I paid my dues to the extent that certain artists have (artists such as Hank Williams, or the Blues artist Robert Johnson, for example). I do mean to express through this paper my experience of the catharsis in singing country music and the Blues. My beginning singing came at a time when I really needed it; the music helped me through a difficult time. The title of the paper is Fall and Redemption: the Essence of Country Music for this reason. It is in Narrative form, foot printing my process and discovery of the music. I attempted to combine lifes experiences with the discovery of the music. The experiences were the inspiration behind playing the music. The essence of country music and the Blues is its sincerity, and I hope that I have combined my lifes narrative with the artistic process effectively, as the time period (December 2005 to June 2007) was a time in which art was defined by life, and life was defined by art.

One of the effects of the Israel Palestine conflict, with its deployment of expansive state violence and divisive political rhetoric, is the stifling of critical engagement. This practice-­ based research project investigates play as a tactic used by artists from within the region to counter this impact by re-­igniting participants’ critical engagement. Framed as ‘critical play’ (Flanagan, 2009) the artistic practices under investigation unequivocally deploy ludic forms, mechanics, and attributes to effectively challenge aspects of Israel Palestine’s paradigmatic political situation. Central to the thesis is a theoretical questioning of what is gained by deploying play in artistic practice. It extends Ariella Azoulay’s (2012) call for a more inclusive and participatory stance as a means of opposing Israeli state violence. This study therefore examines artworks that tactically harness play in order to critically and physically engage their audiences. Drawing on Giorgio Agamben’s (2007) idea of play as a productively disruptive force, the thesis argues that play is uniquely appropriate for creating intimate and social encounters where artists and their audiences can experiment with and enact scenarios relating to Israel Palestine that, when framed and freed as art, can operate critically. The thesis questions how alternative views, narratives of belonging to the body politic and positions vis à vis Israeli colonisation might be played out. Since documented research into this vital area of playful artistic responses to Israel Palestine’s political reality is nonexistent, the thesis redresses this lack. Led by an enquiry which stems from and includes my own practice, the thesis is in dialogue with artists and theoreticians who relate not only to play but also to Israel Palestine’s political complexity. Positioned at the hitherto uncharted intersection of art, play and Israel Palestine, the research project proposes re-­engagement with utopian ambitions and civic imaginings, without necessarily promising to satisfy them.

Artist Statement My photographs and paintings are reflective of a simpler and slower paced, rural life. This focus is in high contrast to what contemporary urban life often requires. I depict scenes of tranquil landscapes, farm animals, old barns, fields of grasses, and growing crops. I alter my digital photographic images with computer software. I use various filters that transform color, clarity, and value to give the photographs of nature an intentionally peaceful mood. These photographs are a basis for my paintings where I soften nature’s contours and emphasize tranquility. My desire is that viewers will look at my work and take a moment to stop, think, and breathe. Like myself, I want them to slow down and take in the simplicity and beauty of country life.

The thesis is made up of episodes in which I am in dialogue with myself, sometimes in dialogue with the work, and yet other times I am speaking directly to the reader/viewer. The tense also sways from past to present as frequently as the visual language does. The following episodes are a selection of writings from my final year at graduate school. The episodes express my influences, inspirations, theories, and philosophies as a person and a maker. I think of these things as what allows me to wander and then wander somewhere else completely different within the same landscape. I feel it is important for an audience to experience these wanderings. I feel it is more valid for you to read exactly what I am thinking rather than to tell you about what I am thinking and making, because it is an expression of my relationship with my work. The images are supplemental to the writing. The images and writings fit together in that they inform one another. That is not to say that the ideas do not always transfer literally from image to writing but that they are what is thought about simultaneously through out my creative process. Most importantly I have developed through my graduate experience an intense relationship with the work. This is the most important relationship an artist has, the one with his or her work. It is deep and enriching, at times painful and frustrating, and at its best surprising, amazing, and even glorious. This is what I have to share through my thesis.

Alternative to meeting a calculus of quality roundness and curves are everywhere. Peaches, pinks, browns, ochres, greens. Klein Blue. --------- An experiment like a party; the hows and whys of picking bedfellows yields a list of possibilities— iterations of better, advantages in flesh volume. Inventory whittled down to give us stories, aspirations, allegiances. --------- Just to see it and touch it. Build in different ways, depending. Grow, cover, carve, cast—let for flexibility. Limbs in one direction sawed off, turned round, glued back on. If it looks like two more ways of how I want it there’s more work to be done.

This thesis explores forms of Pop Art on the territory of the former Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s, seeking to identify its local variants. Yugoslavia, a single party state, built on the legacy of the anti-fascist Partisan struggle, principles of solidarity, egalitarianism, self-management and a strong sense of internationalism due to its founding role in the Non-Aligned Movement, was, at the same time, a country immersed in what has been termed 'utopian consumerism'. The thesis examines how Yugoslav artists during this period dealt with the burgeoning consumer society and media boom, kitsch and the Westernization of Yugoslav culture, phenomena which were ideologically at odds with the country’s own socialist principles. Starting from an analysis of the role of the artist in post-war Yugoslav system of self-management, the thesis proposes that Pop in Yugoslavia can be read as a critical site of articulation and negotiation of that role. Yugoslavia’s founding principles, formed as a legacy of the People’s Liberation Struggle (1941 – 1945), were based upon self-management and the introduction of social property, with art being a democratizing force with a central emancipatory role in the building of the new socialist state. But socialist modernism gradually relegated culture to a more illustrative role, as a form of ‘soft power’ for the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The thesis proposes a reading of artists’ diverse engagements with popular culture and materials as varied expressions of resistance to the severing of links with Yugoslavia’s founding principles. My original contribution to knowledge lies in the identification of two strands of Pop in the country–‘Yugoslav Pop Reactions’ and ‘Yugoslav Countercultural Pop’ which each turned to popular culture and cheap everyday materials as an alternative channel through which to respond to socialist modernism. My claim is that the two positions represent two diametrically opposed responses to the disenchantment with socialist modernism and artists’ roles in society – both using the language of Pop Art but representing two different conceptual positions. The thesis is structured around three core questions. Firstly it asks whether it is possible to retrospectively apply the category of Pop Art to artworks which never originally claimed this term. Secondly it examines ways in which Pop tendencies altered the position of Yugoslav female artists, who, marginalised in a heavily male-dominated environment, looked to Pop as an enabling force, allowing new working methods and‘giving licence’ to new types of practices. The third question is concerned with the relationship between power, politics and Pop Art in Yugoslavia, asking to what extent Yugoslav Pop was a form ofpolitical practice, and to what extent is it was a local adaptation of international currents and themes. This thesis is associated with Tate’s multiannual research into ‘global pop’, which culminated in the exhibition ‘The World Goes Pop’ (September 2015 – January 2016, Tate Modern) through a Collaborative Doctoral Award (AHRC). This involved an advisory role in the exhibition research on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, identifying artists and artworks for potential inclusion in the exhibition. The methodology of the thesis was in part shaped by this context, beginning with close studies of artworks, their critical reception, and the study of their context–the sites of production and exhibition in the country at the time. Whilst both local and international literature on Yugoslav art history, global Pop Art as well as Yugoslav material culture and political context has been important, the core research involved oral histories, and visits to artists’ studios, museum collections, depots and archives in search of original artworks. The thesis draws on approximately twenty interviews with artists, curators, art historians and other art workers who were active in 1960s and 1970s, combined with the above-mentioned scholarship.

Le travail illustré par ce manuscrit de thèse présente l'étude structurale d'hétéro-structures semi-conductrices à base de nitrures d'éléments III avec l'un des outils les plus puissants de la recherche scientifique: le rayonnement synchrotron. La cartographie haute résolution de l'espace réciproque, la diffraction anomale multi-longueur d'onde, la spectroscopie d'absorption X et la spectroscopie en condition de diffraction nous ont permis de caractériser la structure à l'échelle atomique de différentes régions d'un même système. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que les nanofils GaN sur Si(111) ont une polarité N et proposons un mécanisme de nucléation. Dans un second temps, nous mettons en évidence un phénomène d'inter-diffusion stimulée par la contrainte dans les boîtes quantiques GaN / AlN recuites à haute température. Enfin, nous observons la présence d'un ordre local à courte distance dans les nanofils coeur-coquille InGaN / GaN. Cette organisation atomique pourrait être induite par la présence de contrainte, nous avons initié une étude de l'anisotropie de l'ordre à courte distance pour explorer cette hypothèse.

Le paysage de la micro-nano-électronique va changer radicalement en incorporant des transistors non-conventionnels à grilles multiples. Ce mémoire présente une étude détaillée des mécanismes spécifiques dans transistors FinFET à triple grille. Nos mesures montrent que les transistors très étroits sont gouvernés par le couplage des grilles latérales qui permet une nette amélioration des performances. La nature 3D des mécanismes de couplage est discutée. Nous révélons l’effet de substrat flottant induit par le courant tunnel de grille (GIFBE) même dans les FinFET totalement désertés à canal N ou P. Nous étudions aussi l’impact de la position de la grille sur des transistors à grilles intentionnellement décalées. Le dernier volet est dédié à l’accroissement de la mobilité des électrons dans les transistors réalisés sur SOI contraint. Ces recherches permettent la compréhension des effets de couplage et électrostatiques et l’optimisation des architectures des FinFETs en vue de leur miniaturisation ultime
The landscape of the micro-nano-electronics will change by including non-conventional transistors with multiple gates. This dissertation presents a detailed study of the specific mechanisms occurring in triple-gate transistors. Our measurements show that very narrow transistors are governed by the coupling of the lateral gates which leads to improved performance. The 3D nature of the coupling effects is discussed. We reveal the GIFBE mechanism even in fully depleted FinFETs with N or P channel. We also investigate the impact of gate misalignment in devices especially designed. Finally, the mobility gain achieved in transistors fabricated on strained SOI is documented. These results offer a comprehensive view of coupling and electrostatic effects, enabling the optimization of ultimate FinFET circuits

La réduction des dimensions des transistors pour les prochains nœuds technologiques soulève des problèmes technologiques de plus en plus difficiles à surmonter. De nouvelles architectures dites « multigrilles » sont proposées afin de pouvoir poursuivre la miniaturisation. Parmi ces dispositifs, les transistors verticaux FinFETs sur SOI (Silicium-sur-isolant) sont de prometteurs candidats. Dans cette étude de thèse, des transistors FinFETs ont été fabriqués jusqu'à une longueur de grille de 10 nm. Les transistors montrent d'excellentes performances, en particulier en ce qui concerne le contrôle des effets de canaux courts. Nous proposons également une étude des effets électrostatiques spécifiques intervenant dans ce type de dispositifs. Les effets de coins et les couplages de la face arrière et du drain à travers l'oxyde enterré sont ainsi mis en lumière. II est montré que les effets de coins sont négligeables si le dopage est faible et que les couplages à travers l'oxyde enterré sont écrantés pour des dispositifs étroits. Ceci rend les structures FinFETs attractives pour la miniaturisation des circuits intégrés MOS. Les propriétés de transport dans les canaux verticaux et horizontaux sont également mises en lumière. Nous montrons et discutons l'effet du changement de plan et d'orientation cristalline ainsi que l'impact des contraintes mécaniques
The dimensions downscaling for the next nodes of the microelectronics industry is handicapped by technological problems more and more difficult to overcome. Multigate MOS architectures have been proposed to continue further the downscaling. Among them, vertical FinFET structures on SOI (Silicon-on-insulator) are promising candidates. During this PhD, FinFET transistors with gate length down to 10 nm were processed. These transistors exhibit excellent performance, especially in term of short-channel effects control. A detailed investigation of the specific electrostatic effects in FinFET-like devices was performed. It is shown that the corner effect is small if the body remains undoped and that the coupling from the back-gate and drain through the buried oxide is screened for narrow devices. This makes the FinFETs attractive for applications in CMOS advanced integrated circuits. Transport properties in the vertical channels were also investigated. The effect of crystallographic axis and surfaces is discussed, as well as the impact of the mechanical strain

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The aim of this essay is to study the applicability of the daily fine stated by article 461 of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code astreintes that can be imposed to a defendant, to assure the obedience of a court ruling regarding an obligation to do something, to not do something, or to give something to someone. We do not have the ambition of completely cover the subject. The subject calls attention because in several occasions, most of the parties, benefited by a daily fine, deviate from the main goal of the lawsuit to pursue only the astreintes, because its value, timely increased, became so disproportional in comparison to the value of the matter in discussion, that such matter is no longer appealing. The astreintes, considering its indubitable comminatory nature, shall comply the debtor to fulfill, rapidly and willingly, the obligation imposed by the court ruling and it has to have a daily value defined with no understatement or exaggeration. Despite the fact that the experts agree upon the non existence of a maximum value, considering the law principles of proportionality and equitableness, it is important that the fine fixed by the Judge be compatible with the case and remains suitable with the obligation to be demanded from the debtor. The reason of the fine is not, and never was, to grant a unjust enrichment to anyone, considering that it benefits, mostly, the plaintiff. We will show, in the conclusion, that the astreintes, having a judicial nature and a specific goal, shall not be used as a way or an instrument to punish the unwilling debtor, once the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, to such purpose, already has a more suitable alternative, which is the fine for contempt of court, that besides having its value defined by law (20% of the case value), what does not apply to the astreintes as above mentioned, has a different beneficiary, because the amount would be paid to the State
O presente trabalho tem por finalidade o estudo da utilização da multa diária prevista no art. 461 do Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro astreintes imposta ao réu como meio de conferir efetividade às decisões judiciais que determinam o cumprimento de obrigação de fazer, não fazer e de dar. Não temos a pretensão de exaurir o tema. O tema chama a atenção em razão da constatação de que, no cotidiano forense, não raras vezes, as cifras resultantes da imposição de multa periódica são manifestamente desproporcionais ao bem da vida perseguido no processo, tornando atraente para a parte beneficiária abandonar seu objetivo principal e mostrar-se mais interessada no recebimento das astreintes. As astreintes, em razão de sua indiscutível natureza cominatória, devem pressionar o devedor a cumprir, de maneira célere e espontânea, a obrigação que lhe foi imposta em decisão judicial e merecem ser arbitradas sem menosprezo ou exagero. Apesar de haver certo consenso entre os doutrinadores de que não existe limite de valor, com fundamento nos princípios da proporcionalidade e da equidade, é importante que a multa fixada pelo Juiz seja compatível e que guarde certa relação com a obrigação a ser exigida do devedor. O objetivo da multa não é, nem nunca foi, o de proporcionar o enriquecimento ilícito a quem quer que seja, já que ela reverte para o autor da ação. Demonstraremos, na conclusão, que tendo as astreintes natureza jurídica e finalidade próprias, não devem ser utilizadas como instrumento ou como meio para a punição do devedor renitente, já que para esta finalidade o Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro dispõe de ferramenta própria, ou seja, a multa por ato atentatório ao exercício da jurisdição, multa esta que, além de possuir limite fixado em lei (20% do valor da causa), o que não ocorre com as astreintes como dissemos acima, tem destinatário diverso desta, ou seja, a União ou Estado

Pour Charles II, souverain malade, héritier tardif d’une fin – fin d’un siècle, fin d’une dynastie, fin du « temps de l’Espagne » –, la mise en scène du pouvoir est une nécessité majeure. Le corps du roi, par-delà l’apparence physique, est le réceptacle de la souveraineté, d’une représentation politique. Sur ce corps vêtu, la physionomie est transcendée par le vêtement et par sa fonction de reconnaissance et de légitimation. Le rôle de la parure est de forger l’image du monarque. L’expertise et le travail du fournisseur en parures, véritable architecte de l’image du roi, masquent, créent, subliment la silhouette et la figure royale. Pour travailler le rôle et le statut des fournisseurs royaux en parures sous Charles II, nous avons fondé nos analyses sur des manuscrits inédits des archives du Palais royal de Madrid. La découverte de certains documents remarquables a permis une étude en profondeur du métier des marchands et artisans attitrés de la famille du souverain
For Charles II, ill sovereign, late heir of an end – end of a century, end of a dynasty, end of the « time of Spain » –, the representation of power is an absolute necessity. The king's body, beyond physical appearance, carries sovereignty, political representation. On this dressed body, clothing and its function of recognition and justification transcends physiognomy. Finery role is to forge the image of the monarch. Competence and work of the supplier of finery, real architect of the king's image, hide, create, sublimate king's figure and form. In order to work on the role and status of royal family suppliers of livery under Charles II, we based our analysis on original manuscripts of Madrid royal palace's archives. The discovery of some notable documents allowed a deep study of the trade of merchants and craftsmen with royal warrants

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The present paper s objective is to analyse sanction competence given by constituent legislator to Court of Accounts as its function as controller. The legal dispositive analyses consubstantiated with VIII point, article 71 of Federal Constitution, resulted on observation that the mentioned punitive competence finds boundaries consubstantiated on the bills irregularities aspects and expenses illegalities, such points must orient the infraconstitutional legislator on illicit conducts determination and controlling organ on sanction application, in a way which some infractions prior in Federal Law 8.443/ 92 are in disagreement with the constitutional orientation. It is also approached on the aspect related to sanction legal nature applied by Court of Accounts, although it is of administrative nature, comes from his control function. The sanctioned norms named by the doctrine as open and elastic can be allowed, when the censored conduct discretion and respective sanction can make feasible the advance science of the individual, because such norms, themselves, cannot remove the incidence of typicity s principle. Besides that, the existence of the sanction norms linked by generic clauses leads to comprehension of regulament must be taken as relevant instruments to accomplish the mission of, without innovation, describe in a detailed way on conducts generically foresight in the law as illicit, even though in a exhaustive way, but through the exemplar roll to orient the individuals and limit the action of the norm applicant, as well as similar situations. The sanction appliance will only be validated if realised through legal procedures that assures the opportunity of defence in its plenitude, through clause observance of the due process of law and its resulting principles, situation in which some of Penal Law s own principles will be incided. At last, the cited procedure must be subjected to a reasonable deadline, analogically inciding, faced with Court of Accounts Organic s Law silence, the punitive pretension prescription deadline established by Federal Law 9.873/ 99
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a competência sancionatória conferida pelo legislador constituinte ao Tribunal de Contas da União, no exercício da função de controle. A análise do inciso VIII do artigo 71 da Constituição Federal resultou na constatação de que a referida competência punitiva encontra limites consubstanciados nos aspectos da irregularidade de contas e ilegalidade de despesas, vetores estes que devem orientar o legislador infraconstitucional na determinação das condutas ilícitas, e o órgão controlador na aplicação das sanções, de forma que algumas infrações previstas na Lei Federal nº 8.443/92 estão em desacordo com a orientação constitucional. Aborda-se também o aspecto relacionado à natureza jurídica da sanção aplicada pela Corte de Contas, que embora seja de natureza administrativa, decorre do exercício da função de controle. Assim, conquanto o legislador deva adotar cautelas para não criar situações de conflito na aplicação das mesmas sanções cujas competências estejam conferidas a autoridades integrantes dos órgãos controlados, os influxos decorrentes da função fiscalizatória afastam a caracterização do bis in idem não tolerado pelo direito pátrio, diante das diferentes áreas de atuação. As normas sancionadoras denominadas pela doutrina de abertas ou elásticas podem ser admitidas, quando a descrição das condutas censuradas e das respectivas sanções possa viabilizar a antecipada ciência dos indivíduos, porque tais normas, por si sós, não afastam a incidência do princípio da tipicidade. Além disso, a existência de normas sancionatórias veiculadas por cláusulas genéricas leva ao entendimento de que os regulamentos devem ser tidos como instrumentos relevantes para cumprimento da missão de, sem inovar, descrever de forma mais detalhada as condutas genericamente previstas na lei como ilícitas, ainda que não o façam de forma exaustiva, mas exemplificativa a orientar os indivíduos e limitar o âmbito de atuação do aplicador da norma, inclusive acerca de situações assemelhadas. A aplicação da sanção só será válida se realizada por meio de procedimento legal que assegure a oportunidade de defesa em sua plenitude, mediante a observância da clausula do devido processo legal e dos princípios dela decorrentes, situação em que incidirão alguns princípios próprios do direito penal. Por fim, referido procedimento deve se sujeitar a um prazo razoável de duração, incidindo analogicamente, diante do silêncio da Lei Orgânica do Tribunal de Contas da União, o prazo prescricional da pretensão punitiva estabelecido na Lei Federal nº 9.873/99

Bei einem entwickelten Verfahren zur mechanischen Aufbereitung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien (LIBs) aus Elektrofahrzeugen fallen zwei, hauptsächlich aus den Elektrodenbestandteilen bestehenden, Feinfraktionen (FF) an. Typischerweise erfolgt eine Rückgewinnung der enthaltenen Wertstoffe Co, Ni und Cu derzeit über eine kombinierte pyro- und hydrometallurgische Aufbereitung. Dabei dient der pyrometallurgische Schritt der Abtrennung von Stoffen, welche bei der hydrometallurgischen Aufbereitung störend wirken. Durch eine mechanische Aufbereitung der FF wurde alternativ zu dem pyrometallurgischen Schritt versucht, die in der FF enthaltenen Wertstoffe anzureichern sowie ebenfalls die Störstoffe für eine hydrometallurgische Aufbereitung abzutrennen. Dazu wurden verschiedene trockene Sortierprozesse herangezogen und auf ihre Eignung hin untersucht. Mit Hilfe der Ergebnisse wurde ein Verfahrensfließbild für die Aufbereitung der FF entworfen und testweise durchlaufen. Zusätzlich zu den Sortierversuchen wurden eine Materialcharakterisierung durchgeführt, die Aufschlussverhältnisse (visuelle Einschätzung, Bestimmung Aufschlussgrad) sowie die Aufschlusszerkleinerung der FF untersucht. Als Aufgabegut diente eine Co-, Ni-, Mn- haltige FF, welche nach der 1. Zerkleinerung und Klassierung im entworfenen Verfahrensfließbild zur Aufbereitung der LIBs aus Elektrofahrzeugen gewonnen wurde. Zur Anreicherung der Wertstoffe Co, Ni innerhalb des Aktivmaterials (AM) und Cu sowie zur Reduzierung der Störstoffgehalte von Al und Kohlenstoff in bestimmten Produkten haben sich die Siebklassierung, die Magnetscheidung, die Gegenstromsortierung sowie als nasser Dichtesortierprozess die Schwimm-Sink-Sortierung als geeignet herausgestellt. Als resultierendes technologisches Aufbereitungsverfahren haben sich aus den Ergebnissen eine Siebklassierung bei x = 200 µm und x = 800 µm mit einer nachgeschalteten Magnetscheidung oder Gegenstromsortierung für die Klasse 0,2…0,8 mm ergeben, woraus 4 Produkte resultieren. Beim testweisen Durchlaufen des resultierenden Verfahrensfließbildes hat sich zudem herausgestellt, dass in Abhängigkeit von der FF bzw. deren Kenngrößen auf die Magnetscheidung bzw. Gegenstromsortierung verzichtet werden kann. Insgesamt wird zur Aufwands- und Kostenminimierung eine Vereinheitlichung der aufzubereitenden FF empfohlen. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens (inklusive Pyro- und Hydrometallurgie) wird stark durch die dynamische Entwicklung der Batterietechnologie, insbesondere der enthaltenen erlösbringenden Komponente Kobalt, und des Marktes (Verkaufsraten und Lebensdauer der LIBs) beeinflusst. Die notwendige kontinuierliche Anpassung des bestehenden Verfahrensfließbildes aufgrund der schnellen Weiterentwicklung chemischer LIB-Regime ist zudem nicht vermeidbar. Generelle Unterschiede in den FF (chemische Zusammensetzung, PGV) können auf verschiedene LIB-Typen (unterschiedliche AMs), deren Vorgeschichte (Alterungszustand, Lagerung, …) sowie die Zerkleinerungsbedingungen zurückgeführt werden. Mit Hilfe einer Bilanzierung wurden die Gehalte des gesamten AM in den FF zwischen c = 33,2 ± 3,4 Ma.-% und c = 54,9 ± 5,7 Ma.-% ermittelt. Mit Hilfe der untersuchten Methoden wurde in keinem Produkt der maximale Anreicherungsfaktor für die AMs erreicht, so dass lediglich eine Voranreicherung bezüglich dieser (und auch der anderen Komponenten) erzielt wurde. Betrachtungen zu den Verbindungs- und Aufschlussverhältnissen in der FF führten zu dem Ergebnis, dass sowohl die Anodenbeschichtung noch mit der Kupferfolie als auch die Kathodenbeschichtung mit der Aluminiumfolie im Verbund vorliegen können. Bezüglich der AMs wird ein Aufschluss im Partikelgrößenbereich größer der Primär- und Sekundärpartikelgröße (> 1 bis 20 µm) ausgeschlossen. Es konnte ein maximaler Aufschlussgrad von A = 37,9 % für eine der untersuchten Feinfraktionen bestimmt werden. Zur Zerkleinerung der Partikel in der Feinfraktion eignen sich eine Zerkleinerung in der einer Fliehkraftmühle bzw. mittels Ultraschallbeanspruchung.

Détermination de la résolution spatiale et en profondeur lors de l'étude d'alliages par microscopie ionique associée à la sonde atomique. Analyse des limitations de la méthode et des problèmes posés par l'interprétation des résultats. Description des modèles pour la détermination de la résolution spectrale en masse, des paramètres géométriques d'analyse. Application à la microstructure des superalliages à base de nickel. Composition des phases, caractérisation de l'interface précipité-matrice, ordre à courte distance et fluctuations de composition dans la solution solide, ordre à longue distance dans les précipités

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This paper is aimed at proposing a solution to the object matter of case 487 of the list of general repercussion of the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF), in which the court will judge the following subject: 487 – Confiscatory character of the 'isolated penalty' due for the non acomplishment of ancillary tax obligations. Based on the extensive examination of the STF precedents regarding the limitation of tax penalties, combined with the analysis of the applicable legal doctrine related to the tax sanctions and the proporcionality and reasonableness principles, we will develop and present an answer to the following questions: Is there any limitation to charge the penalty due for the non accomplishment of ancillary tax obligations in the event the tax was duly paid? If the answer is positive, which would be that limit? As a result, we are intended to face a recent ongoing problem in Brazil – which is the substantial increase on the amounts of the penalties charged for the non accomplishment of ancillary tax obligations, specially in cases in which taxes were duly paid by the taxpayers – and, simulteneously, contribute on the seek of a balance point between the function of the ancillary tax obligations and the amount charged as penalty for its non accomplishment.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma solução à questão objeto do tema 487 da lista de repercussões gerais do Supremo Tribunal Federal, por meio do qual o STF irá julgar a seguinte temática: 487 – Caráter confiscatório da 'multa isolada' por descumprimento de obrigação acessória decorrente de dever instrumental. A partir do exame extensivo da jurisprudência histórica do STF acerca da limitação das multas fiscais, combinado com o estudo da doutrina relativa às sanções tributárias e aos princípios da proporcionalidade e razoabilidade, desenvolveremos e apresentaremos ao final uma resposta objetiva às seguintes indagações: Existe algum limite que deve ser observado para a cobrança de multa pecuniária devida por descumprimento de dever instrumental nas situações em que não houve falta de recolhimento de tributo? Em caso positivo, qual seria esse limite? Desse modo, pretende-se enfrentar um problema que tem crescido no Brasil nos últimos anos – o aumento expressivo do valor das multas cobradas em razão do descumprimento do dever instrumental e, em vários casos, a desvinculação da cobrança dessa multa do próprio pagamento do tributo – e, simultaneamente, contribuir na tarefa de buscar um ponto de equilíbrio entre a função das obrigações tributárias acessórias e o valor da multa cobrada por conta do seu descumprimento.

abstract: Counter-Landscapes: Performative Actions from the 1970s – Now presents a group of artists working in both natural and urban environments whose work exploits the power of place to address issues of social, environmental, and personal transformation. Through a focused selection of key works made between 1970 and 2019, which extend beyond traditional categories, Counter-Landscapes illuminates how the methodologies created by women artists in the 1970s and 1980s are employed by artists today, both men and women alike. Developing a practice of performative actions, these artists countered the culture that surrounded and oppressed them by embodying the live elements of performance art in order to push for social change. Looking back to the 1960s and the counter-culture mindset of the times, I approach the histories of land, performance, and conceptual art through feminist studies. Then I apply the same feminist approach to philosophical histories of landscape, place, and space. Through a discussion of an extensive range of works by 25 artists, this research seeks to demonstrate the indelible influence of feminist art practice on contemporary art. It brings the work of an innovative generation of women artists—Marina Abramović, Eleanor Antin, Agnes Denes, VALIE EXPORT, Rebecca Horn, Leslie Labowitz, Suzanne Lacy, Ana Mendieta, Adrian Piper, Lotty Rosenfeld, Bonnie Ora Sherk, Beth Ames Swartz, and Mierle Laderman Ukeles—together with more recent work by artists who have adopted and extended their methods. These artists, both male and female, include Allora  &  Calzadilla, Francis  Alÿs, Angela Ellsworth, Ana Teresa Fernández, Maria  Hupfield, Saskia  Jordá, Christian Philipp Müller, Pope.L,  Sarah Cameron Sunde, Zhou Tao, and Antonia Wright.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Art History 2020

Bei einem entwickelten Verfahren zur mechanischen Aufbereitung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien (LIBs) aus Elektrofahrzeugen fallen zwei, hauptsächlich aus den Elektrodenbestandteilen bestehenden, Feinfraktionen (FF) an. Typischerweise erfolgt eine Rückgewinnung der enthaltenen Wertstoffe Co, Ni und Cu derzeit über eine kombinierte pyro- und hydrometallurgische Aufbereitung. Dabei dient der pyrometallurgische Schritt der Abtrennung von Stoffen, welche bei der hydrometallurgischen Aufbereitung störend wirken. Durch eine mechanische Aufbereitung der FF wurde alternativ zu dem pyrometallurgischen Schritt versucht, die in der FF enthaltenen Wertstoffe anzureichern sowie ebenfalls die Störstoffe für eine hydrometallurgische Aufbereitung abzutrennen. Dazu wurden verschiedene trockene Sortierprozesse herangezogen und auf ihre Eignung hin untersucht. Mit Hilfe der Ergebnisse wurde ein Verfahrensfließbild für die Aufbereitung der FF entworfen und testweise durchlaufen. Zusätzlich zu den Sortierversuchen wurden eine Materialcharakterisierung durchgeführt, die Aufschlussverhältnisse (visuelle Einschätzung, Bestimmung Aufschlussgrad) sowie die Aufschlusszerkleinerung der FF untersucht. Als Aufgabegut diente eine Co-, Ni-, Mn- haltige FF, welche nach der 1. Zerkleinerung und Klassierung im entworfenen Verfahrensfließbild zur Aufbereitung der LIBs aus Elektrofahrzeugen gewonnen wurde. Zur Anreicherung der Wertstoffe Co, Ni innerhalb des Aktivmaterials (AM) und Cu sowie zur Reduzierung der Störstoffgehalte von Al und Kohlenstoff in bestimmten Produkten haben sich die Siebklassierung, die Magnetscheidung, die Gegenstromsortierung sowie als nasser Dichtesortierprozess die Schwimm-Sink-Sortierung als geeignet herausgestellt. Als resultierendes technologisches Aufbereitungsverfahren haben sich aus den Ergebnissen eine Siebklassierung bei x = 200 µm und x = 800 µm mit einer nachgeschalteten Magnetscheidung oder Gegenstromsortierung für die Klasse 0,2…0,8 mm ergeben, woraus 4 Produkte resultieren. Beim testweisen Durchlaufen des resultierenden Verfahrensfließbildes hat sich zudem herausgestellt, dass in Abhängigkeit von der FF bzw. deren Kenngrößen auf die Magnetscheidung bzw. Gegenstromsortierung verzichtet werden kann. Insgesamt wird zur Aufwands- und Kostenminimierung eine Vereinheitlichung der aufzubereitenden FF empfohlen. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens (inklusive Pyro- und Hydrometallurgie) wird stark durch die dynamische Entwicklung der Batterietechnologie, insbesondere der enthaltenen erlösbringenden Komponente Kobalt, und des Marktes (Verkaufsraten und Lebensdauer der LIBs) beeinflusst. Die notwendige kontinuierliche Anpassung des bestehenden Verfahrensfließbildes aufgrund der schnellen Weiterentwicklung chemischer LIB-Regime ist zudem nicht vermeidbar. Generelle Unterschiede in den FF (chemische Zusammensetzung, PGV) können auf verschiedene LIB-Typen (unterschiedliche AMs), deren Vorgeschichte (Alterungszustand, Lagerung, …) sowie die Zerkleinerungsbedingungen zurückgeführt werden. Mit Hilfe einer Bilanzierung wurden die Gehalte des gesamten AM in den FF zwischen c = 33,2 ± 3,4 Ma.-% und c = 54,9 ± 5,7 Ma.-% ermittelt. Mit Hilfe der untersuchten Methoden wurde in keinem Produkt der maximale Anreicherungsfaktor für die AMs erreicht, so dass lediglich eine Voranreicherung bezüglich dieser (und auch der anderen Komponenten) erzielt wurde. Betrachtungen zu den Verbindungs- und Aufschlussverhältnissen in der FF führten zu dem Ergebnis, dass sowohl die Anodenbeschichtung noch mit der Kupferfolie als auch die Kathodenbeschichtung mit der Aluminiumfolie im Verbund vorliegen können. Bezüglich der AMs wird ein Aufschluss im Partikelgrößenbereich größer der Primär- und Sekundärpartikelgröße (> 1 bis 20 µm) ausgeschlossen. Es konnte ein maximaler Aufschlussgrad von A = 37,9 % für eine der untersuchten Feinfraktionen bestimmt werden. Zur Zerkleinerung der Partikel in der Feinfraktion eignen sich eine Zerkleinerung in der einer Fliehkraftmühle bzw. mittels Ultraschallbeanspruchung.

American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law. These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism. In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method. This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior. The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent. The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will. Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil.