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Journal articles on the topic 'Finno-Ugric languages'
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1
Mosin, Mihail V., and Natalya M. Mosina. "Features of the evolution of the vowels of the first syllable of Finno-Ugric stem in the Mordovian languages." Finno-Ugric World 10, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.010.2018.03.053-063.
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The phonetic system is one of the most important aspects of the language. The study of the structure and features of this system allows tracing both the current state and the history of the development of a language. The development of the phonetic structure of Finno-Ugric word stem in Mordovian languages is considered with the help of a comparative and historical method. The system of vowels of the first syllable in the words of modern Mordovian languages is compared with the reconstructed forms of the stem, which go back to the Finno-Ugric pro-linguistic unity (Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permian and Finno-Volga) and their etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages. The article presents an analysis of the evolution of vowels of the first syllable of the Finno-Ugric word in Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages. On the basis of the achievements of modern Finno-Ugric studies, phonetic processes are observed in the field of vowels of the first syllable that transformed the primary basis of the word. The description of the features of the vocalism of the first syllable in Mordovian languages is carried out in terms of comparison with the reconstructed forms of the Finno-Ugric original language and comparison with etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages. A comparative analysis of the vowel system of the first syllable of the Finno-Ugric word stem in modern Mordovian languages with their etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages allowed us to detect phonetic processes that changed the structure of some languages. In some cases, these are minor changes, while in other cases, they are rather significant.
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Mihail V. Mosin, Mihail V., and Natalya M. Mosina. "De-etymologisation as one of the varieties of change of the word morphological structure in the Mordovian languages." Finno-Ugric World 11, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.011.2019.03.284-293.
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Introduction. In the languages of different systems, there are many cases when the morphemic structure of a word is not clear. As a result of a comparative analysis of a word with etymologically related words and their reconstructed stems and meanings, single-morphemic, root and polymorphic words consisting of two or more morphemes are distinguished. Considering the nature of structural changes in a word and their nature in linguistics, there is simplification, re-decomposition, truncation of the stem and others. The article describes simplification, one of the most common processes of changing the morphological structure of a word based Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) and Baltic-Finnish (Finnish and Estonian) languages. Materials and methods. The method of comparative historical analysis allows us to state that many Finno-Ugric foundations have retained the old morphological structure. After the collapse of the former linguistic unity for several millennia of independent development, significant changes took place in each of the languages that affected the morphological structure of the stem. Results and discussion. In connection with the morphological process of simplification, the structure of the primary Finno-Ugric stem of a number of words began to differ significantly from their structural design in the later periods of the development of the Finno-Ugric languages (Finno-Permian, Finno-Volga) and, moreover, their current state. This process covered a large number of the stems of the general vocabulary of the compared languages. All simplified stems can be attributed to different periods of language development. The connection of the ancient Finno-Ugric language with other languages led to numerous borrowings of tokens with which various morphological and morphological structures penetrated and gradually established themselves in the Finno-Ugric language. The latter partially adapted in the Finno-Ugric language system, and partially continued to maintain a special look. Conclusion. The morphological process of simplification took place at different periods in the development of the Mordovian and Baltic-Finnish languages, namely in the Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permian, Finno-Volga periods of their separate development.
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Kondrashkina, Elena Alekseevna. "THE FUTURE OF THE LANGUAGES OF THE FINNO-UGRAIAN PEOPLES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2021-15-2-262-271.
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This article attempts to predict the future condition and development of the languages of the Finno-Ugric peoples. The problem of language forecasting is not a priority area of linguistic studies. Some researchers are skeptical about the very possibility of predicting the development of a language as unforeseen extra-linguistic factors can affect it and accelerate decelerate its development. The Russian history saw a lot of such factors: the language building during the post-revolutionary years, repressions of the 1930s, struggle against “nationalism” and “panfinism”, liquidation of national schools, policy of building a “new historical community - the so-called “Soviet people” with Russian as a single language, various educational reforms, etc. In the Russian Federation, the Finno-Ugric peoples mostly reside in the five Finno-Ugric republics of Karelia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia and Udmurtia and in the two autonomous districts of Khanty-Mansi (Ugra) and Yamalo-Nenets. The Finno-Ugric peoples living in the latter districts are small nations and will not be discussed in this article. There are also numerous Finno-Ugric diasporas in Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and some other Russian regions. All of them differ by the following two demographic criteria: the ratio of Russians to the titular population and the number of state languages in the republics in question and the existence of laws governing those languages. This study, which is based on papers written by various linguistic scholars from both the Finno-Ugric republics and foreign countries, statistics and population census results, allows us to conclude that the process of giving the national languages the status of a state language had virtually no impact on the change in the language situation, nor did it slow down the language shift towards Russian - rather, it accelerated that shift. Such alarming situation with national languages should encourage linguistic scientists and authorities to pay special attention to the problems of planning, forecasting and preserving those languages.
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Grebneva, Alexandra Mikhailovna, Nina Valentinovna Kazaeva, and Galina Andreevna Naturalnova. "SPATIAL VOCABULARY AND ITS ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF THE MORDOVIAN TOPONYMIC SYSTEM." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-4-559-567.
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The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of spatial vocabulary in Mordovian (Moksha, Erzya) and Finno-Ugric toponymy in General. The study allows us to determine how spatial representations (reflection of three-dimensionality, limit, infinity of space, etc.) are common among Finno-Ugric ethnic groups and how the process of nomination of geographical objects is represented in related languages. The object of the analysis was spatial lexemes, which have mainly ancient origin and are found in related languages not only as independent words, but also as integral components involved in the formation of geographical names of other Finno-Ugric regions. The sources of the study were etymological and toponymic dictionaries of Finno-Ugric languages, scientific works on toponymy, dialect materials from the authors’ field research projects. The study revealed that the majority of words with spatial meaning, which are part of the toponyms of the languages under consideration, have common structural and semantic features, which indicates similar ways of representing the category of space among Finno-Ugric peoples. At the same time, the lexemes of Finno-Ugric origin, reflecting the spatial coordinates "ahead" - "behind", did not find a place in the toponyms of related languages, they correspond to other locative appellatives.
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Epner, Luule, and Anneli Saro. "Constructing Finno-Ugric Identity through Theatre." Nordic Theatre Studies 32, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 156–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v32i2.124358.
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The article investigates the construction of transnational Finno-Ugric identity through the theatre festival Mayatul and different performative strategies. This kind of identity construction is investigated through the framework of identity politics and transnationalism. The definition of the Finno-Ugric peoples (Finns, Estonians, Hungarians, Samis, Mordvins, Komi, Udmurts and others) is based foremost on their language kinship. It is believed that similar characteristics of languages and a similar natural environment and climate have shaped the close-to-nature lifestyle and the particular perception of the world shared by the Finno-Ugric peoples.Essential platforms for constructing transnational Finno-Ugric identity are different theatre festivals, among which Mayatul (since 1992) is the most prominent. The majority of productions at the festival are performed in Finno-Ugric languages and interpret the literary texts or folklore of these peoples. However, only a few productions strive for indigenous aesthetics like those of Estonian theatre director Anne Türnpu. The Finno-Ugric peoples’ identity is predominantly a minority identity because mostly they represent a small national and language group in a bigger state like Russia, and only Finland and Hungary have enjoyed one hundred years of independence. Nevertheless, all countries and nations embrace smaller ethnic or cultural minorities, thus minority identity is a universal concept. Theatre festivals are able to unite minority identities into larger transnational identites, even when it is just an imagined community.
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Parfenova, A. A. "THE TIT NAMES IN SLAVIC AND FINNO-UGRIC LANGUAGES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-5-906-916.
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The article presents bookish and dialect tit names in Slavic and Finno-Ugric languages. The Slavic and Finno-Ugric ornithonyms denoting the genus Parus on the whole or the great tit (Parus major L.) were taken as material for analysis. In total, data from 12 Slavic and 14 Finno-Ugric languages and their dialects were analyzed. During the research, the inner form and motivating features of the lexemes were determined, their etymology was revealed. It was found that the Slavic and Finno-Ugric tit names are based on various motivating features: its appearance and plumage color, singing, diet, habits, similarity with other birds, habitat. Herewith, the East and South Slavic bookish tit names have controversial etymology: they may have onomatopoeic or color-semantic origin. At the same time, onomatopoeic lexemes prevail in Finno-Ugric and West Slavic languages. This fact may be an argument in favour of onomatopoeic origin of the East and South Slavic tit names.
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Annuk, Maret, Alexander Waldberg, and Dmitry Anatolyevich Efremov. "IN HONOR OF SZILÁRD TIBOR TÓTH." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-2-369-374.
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Szilárd Tibor Tóth, PhD, Finno-Ugrist, Executive Editor of the Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies, lecturer at Narva College of Tartu University turned 50. He founded the journal “Finnugor Világ” in 1996. He has taught Hungarian in Tartu, Izhevsk, Kudymkar and Riga. His scientific interests include Estonian philology, contacts between Latvian and Finno-Ugric languages, Permic languages, lexicology, lexicography and culinary linguistics. In his dissertation, he gave his first overview of the history of the South Estonian Tartu literary language.
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Mosin, M. V., and N. M. Mosina. "Evolution of consonant combinations of a Finno-Ugric word’s stem in the Mordovian languages." Bulletin of Ugric studies 11, no. 1 (2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2021-11-1-73-81.
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Introduction: the article presents a comparative analysis of phonetic structure of a word’s stem on the material of the Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) and Baltic-Finnish (Finnish and Estonian) languages. Particular interest of the study is the study of changes that occurred in the structure of consonant combinations and affected the state of the structure of the Finno- Ugric word’s stem. Objective: on the basis of a comparative method to study the phonetic changes that occurred in the combinations of consonants in the nominal and verbal stems of Finno-Ugric origin in the middle of the word, and to determine the preserved degrees of identity of the ancient Finno-Ugric word-formation stem. Research materials: the nominal and verbal word stems of modern Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages, considered from the point of view of the comparative and historical method, as well as their etymological correspondences in the Baltic-Finnish (Finnish and Estonian) languages, revealed by the method of continuous sampling from etymological dictionaries. Results and novelty of the research: the article presents a detailed description of the development of consonant combinations in the Finno-Ugric word stem; the differences that arose in the common stems in the modern Mordovian, Finnish and Estonian languages as a result of separate development are revealed; the reasons transforming the structure of the Proto-Finno-Ugric word stem are identified. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of knowledge of the structure of the Finno-Ugric word stem on the material of the Mordovian languages, as well as the need to identify additional data required for further in-depth study of the phonemic and morphemic levels of the Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages. It will help to more fully describe certain aspects of both Finno-Ugric and Mordovian linguistics. The novelty of the study lies in the absence of comparative works devoted to the study of the phonemic structure of the Finno-Ugric word stem with the use of materials of closely related (Moksha and Erzya) and distantly related (Finnish and Estonian) languages at the same time.
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Cheremisinova, Maria. "Компаративно-аттенуативная полисемия в финно-угорских языках." Ural-Altaic Studies 46, no. 3 (2022): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-46-3-75-95.
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The topic of this paper is comparative and attenuative polysemy in Finno-Ugric languages. In some Finno-Ugric languages comparative markers have attenuative meaning (‘a little bit, slightly’) as well. This paper focuses on three markers exhibiting such a polysemy: -ges in Beserman (Permic), -šək in Kazym Khanty (Ugric) and -rak in Hill Mari (Mari). These markers can be used in comparative constructions, have attenuative function and can be attached to the markers of negation. The markers can be used crosscategorically, therefore I also describe compatibility of the markers in different functions. In comparative constructions, all of the markers can be attached to adjectives and adverbs, while in Beserman it is also possible for the marker -ges to be combined with verbs, nouns and pronouns. However, in Kazym Khanty the marker -šək has attenuative meaning even in comparative constructions. In attenuative function, the markers in all three languages can attach to adjectives, adverbs, postpositions (or relational nouns), while in Beserman and Hill Mari verbs can be modified by the markers as well. Finally, comparative-attenuative markers in all of the languages can be attached to the markers of negation. In this function, the most common context allowing the use of the marker is the context meaning ‘not yet’: it appears in all of the described languages. In Kazym Khanty the marker -šək can also express the meaning of emphatic negation (‘no way’) when making a reference to future or present.
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Salminen, Esa-Jussi, and Dmitry Anatolyevich Efremov. "SCIENCE IS GREAT JOY! (TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF JORMA LUUTONEN)." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2021-15-4-728-732.
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The article is devoted to Jorma Luutonen, the well-known researcher of the Finno-Ugric languages, Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Volga Region Languages Research Sector of the Turku University. The article considers his scientific and creative activities, highlighting his contribution to the development of Finno-Ugric studies, primarily to the study of the languages of the Volga region. His research interests also include Turkology, contrastive linguistics, lexicography, and the creation of digital language corpora. The name of the Finnish linguist is known not only throughout Finland, but also far beyond its borders.
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Safin, Fail G., Elvira A. Mukhtasarova, and Aigul I. Khaliullina. "Ethno-linguistic and ethno-demographic development of Finno-ugric nations in the Ural-Volga region." Finno-Ugric World 11, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.011.2019.02.152-167.
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Introduction. In the light of the revival and development of national languages and cultures of the peoples of the Russian Federation, this article tries to reveal the ethno-demographic and ethno-linguistic development of the Finno-Ugric peoples-Mari, Mordovians, Udmurts in the Ural-Volga region. Along with the national republics, the problems of ethno-demographic and ethno-linguistic development of the Finno-Ugric peoples are important for other entities, including those with their own national-territorial entities (Komi, Permian Komi, Khanty and Mansi) and located in northern part of the country and Western Siberia. Materials and Methods. The basis of the article is materials is all-Soviet Union census of 1979 and 1989, and all-Russian censuses of 2002 and 2010, as well as statistical materials issued by the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation in different years. The study was carried out on the basis of comparative historical, statistical and systematic approaches, which made it possible to uncover the dynamics of the ethno-demographic development of Finno-Ugric peoples in the context of recognition and preservation of the native languages. Results and Discussion. In the Russian Federation, according to the All-Soviet Union Census of 1979, of the Finno-Ugric peoples, with a population of more than 1 million people, only the Mordovian population was noted. The Udmurts took the second place with 685.7 thousand people, then the Mari with 599 thousand people, the Komi with more than 320 thousand people, the Permian Komi with 145.9 thousand people. The number of the Khanty exceeded a little more than 20 thousand and Mansi 7.4 thousand people. Among the Finno-Ugric peoples, recognition of the native language of their nationality remained high. Conclusion. From 1979 to 2010, the number of Finno-Ugric peoples in almost all subjects of the Russian Federation tended to decrease. The highest percentage of the native language was noted among Mari, Permian Komi, Udmurts, as well as Komi and Mordovians. In Mansi, half of the representatives of this ethnic group considered Russian as their native language.
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Jauhiainen, Heidi, Tommi Jauhiainen, and Krister Lindén. "The Finno-Ugric Languages and The Internet Project." Septentrio Conference Series, no. 2 (June 17, 2015): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/5.3471.
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This paper describes a Kone Foundation funded project called "The Finno-Ugric Languages and The Internet" together with some of the achieved results. The main activity of the project is to crawl the internet and gather texts written in small Uralic languages. The sentences and words of the found texts will be assembled into a freely available corpus. Crawling is done using the open source crawler Heritrix, which is developed by the Internet Archive. Heritrix crawls through the pages and passes the found texts to a language identifier. We are using a state of the art language identifier, which has been further developed within the project and has been evaluated using 285 languages. We describe the language identification evaluation results concerning the 34 Uralic languages known by the language identifier. We also describe the initial observations and results from the first five large crawls which were done in the national internet domains of Finland, Sweden, Norway, Russia, and Estonia.
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Mosin, Mihail V., and Natalya M. Mosina. "Vowels of the end of Finno-Ugric word basis in the Mordovian languages." Finno-Ugric World 11, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.011.2019.01.014-023.
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The article describes the characteristics of the system of vowels of the end of the Finno-Ugric word base in the Mordovian languages. Considering generally accepted opinions in Finno-Ugric linguistics that the Baltic-Finnish (especially Finnish) and Sami languages preserved the vocalism of the basis language, the nominal and verbal foundations of the Finno-Ugric origin in the Mordovian languages is better than other related languages in terms of comparison with their etymological correspondences of Finnish and Estonian languages. The nominal and verbal foundations of the modern Mordovian languages, which served as the material for the study, are subjected to comparative historical analysis with their etymological correspondences in the Baltic-Finnish (Finnish and Estonian) languages. The analysis of these fundamentals based on the comparative historical method makes it possible to firstly, establish, the preserved genetic community in the sound composition of the end of the basis, secondly, identify significant changes resulting from the isolated development of Mordovian languages, as well as to reveal their extralinguistic and internal language reasons of their appearances. The authors established phonetic correspondences based on the systematization and detailed description of the composition of the vowels of the end of the base. As a result of the loss of vowels, a number of changes occurred in the structure of the ancient base.
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Arkhangelskii, Timofei Aleksandrovich. "INTERNET-CORPORA FOR FINNO-UGRIC LANGUAGES OF RUSSIA." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-3-528-537.
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Digital language corpora have long become one of the most important tools in linguistic research; a new methodological approach, known as corpus linguistics, has been based on corpora. While comprehensive corpora exist for the major European Uralic languages (Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian), the smaller Uralic languages of Russia did not have comparable resources until recently. In this paper, I present digital corpora recently developed for the largest Uralic languages of Russia: Udmurt, Komi-Zyrian, Meadow Mari, Erzya and Moksha. The corpora comprise digital texts available on the internet, which were collected and processed by the author. Two corpora were created for each language: a social media corpus and a non-social-media (“main”) corpus. Both kinds of texts were automatically morphologically analyzed; the social media texts were additionally filtered and anonymized. I will outline the development process of these corpora, as well as present their features and possible applications. All corpora described in the paper are equipped with a web-based user interface and are publicly available at http://volgakama.web-corpora.net/.
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Ferenczi, Zsanett. "Automatically generated language learning exercises for Finno-Ugric languages." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 9 (December 30, 2023): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.17013.
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Morphologically rich languages always constitute a great challenge for language learners. The learner must be able to understand the information encoded in different word forms of the same root and to generate the correct word form to express certain syntactic functions and grammatical relations by conjugating a verb or declining a noun, an adjective or a pronoun. One way to improve one’s language skills is through exercises that focus on certain aspects of grammar. In this paper, a language learning application is presented that is intended to help learners of Finnish and Hungarian (with Hungarian and Finnish L1, respectively) acquire new vocabulary items, as well as practice some grammar aspects that according to surveys are considered difficult by learners of these languages with the other Finno-Ugric language being the learner’s native tongue, while alleviating the need to create these exercises manually. This application is a result of an on-going research project. In this research project, bilingual translation pairs and additional monolingual data were collected that can be utilized to build language learning exercises and an online bilingual dictionary with the help of automatic methods. Several linguistic patterns and rules were defined in order to automatically select example sentences that focus on a given part of the target language. These sentences were automatically annotated with the help of language processing tools. Due to the large size of the previously collected data sets, to date, only a subset of the analyzed sentences and the bilingual translation pairs has been manually evaluated. The results of this evaluation are discussed in this paper in order to estimate the precision of the methodology presented here. To ensure the precision of the information and the reliability of the application, only manually validated data sets are displayed. In this project, continuous data validation is planned, since it leads to more and more examples and vocabulary items that learners can benefit from.
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Rakin, N. A. "Finnish literature in the Komi language." Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 4 (2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2021-4-88-93.
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Despite the fact that Komi literary translation has a long history (its origins date back to the XIV century), it still remains poorly studied. This fully applies to translation activities between the Komi and other related Finno-Ugric languages, including translations from the Finnish language. The first Komi translations from Finnish literature appeared yet in the 1920s, but the majority of the available translations were made since the 1980s. About several dozens of works by various Finnish authors are presented in the Komi language. The translations of poetry prevail. Compared with translations from other Finno-Ugric literatures, the share of direct translations from the original language is much higher.
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Vallikivi, Laur. "Soome-ugri misjon: Eesti kristlaste hõimutöö Venemaal." Eesti Rahva Muuseumi aastaraamat, no. 61 (October 11, 2018): 154–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33302/ermar-2018-007.
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Faith-Based Finno-Ugric Outreach: Estonian Christian Missionaries among Kindred Peoples in Russia This article provides an initial overview of the role of Christianity in the Finno-Ugric movement and the instrumentalisation of Finno-Ugric identity. It analyses the mission activity conducted by Estonians (and Finns to some extent) among speakers of Finno-Ugric (Uralic) languages in Russia. Above all, the writings of missionaries are used as the source – primarily mission publications published in Estonia. The background is the author’s fieldwork conducted among Nenets reindeer herders, who have been influenced by Russian and Ukrainian Protestant missionaries, and the Udmurt people living on the far side of the Kama, the latter being untouched by mission work. In both communities, religion and language inherited from forebears have a noteworthy role, even though the younger generation is becoming equally bilingual (the Russian language often dominates) and fewer and fewer young people take part in the non-Christian rituals passed down by their ancestors. The first half of the article gives an overview of how the church’s outreach directed at peoples who speak Finno-Ugric languages (hõimumisjon and hõimutöö are Estonian terms used) developed and the ideology behind it. The second half focuses on the activities of Estonian and Finnish missionaries in Russia. The author looks at the reception that the Erzya and Moksha Mordvins, Mari, Udmurts and Zyrian Komis have given the missionaries and also examines Protestant relations with the Russian Orthodox Church and representatives of local native religions. Whereas the collapse of the Soviet Union saw extensive missionary activity in Russia, Protestants from Estonia and Finland (mainly Lutherans, Methodists, Baptists and Pentecostals) set out to actively spread the gospel among Finno-Ugric peoples living in Russia. As Estonians and Finns are often accepted as ‘kin’, missionaries see this as a ‘niche provided by God’, which should be utilised. The goal for the missionaries is to create a Christian community where the kindred brothers and sisters become religious brethren. In spite of accusations to the contrary, they consider their endeavour something that will save Finno-Ugric cultures and languages, proceeding from the attempt to bring eastern ‘kindred peoples’ closer to the Protestant world and the world of the Estonians and Finns and the possibility of redemption. Protestant Estonian and Finnish missionaries portray themselves as preservers of the local languages. In practice, however, their activities are quite conflicting. On one hand, the need to make religious texts available in native languages is stressed, and they participate in organising translation of Christian texts and promote the local mission in the indigenous languages. On the other hand, the primary language used for outreach is not the local language but Russian, as Russian proficiency is predominant among Finno-Ugrians (although not always on a par with that of Russians). As the primary objective is to convert as many people as possible to Christianity, it is not of primary importance for missionaries to learn the local language. Due to conflicting values and practical choices, few native-language congregations are created. Estonian and Finnish Protestants style themselves as preservers of local cultures. The role model is that of Estonian and Finnish Christian popular cultures where the role of ‘paganism’ is under control and the elements of national culture tend to be integrated into a cultural whole. Missionaries cultivate an image of culture as something that can be dressed, sung, eaten, but not as something that relates to the house guardian spirits or the souls of ancestors, communicating with whom is a factor underlying the creation of a major part of the visible culture. To sum up, the author asserts that Christianisation as a culture-changing force has all the more powerful an effect if cultural changes are resisted.
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Simon, Eszter, Ivett Zs Benyeda, Péter Koczka, and Zsófia Ludányi. "Automatic creation of bilingual dictionaries for Finno-Ugric languages." Septentrio Conference Series, no. 2 (June 17, 2015): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/5.3474.
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We introduce an ongoing project whose objective is to provide linguistically based support for several small Finno-Ugric digital communities in generating online content. To achieve our goals, we collect parallel, comparable and monolingual text material for the following Finno-Ugric (FU) languages: Komi-Zyrian and Permyak, Udmurt, Meadow and Hill Mari and Northern Sami, as well as for major languages that are of interest to the FU community: English, Russian, Finnish and Hungarian. Our goal is to generate proto-dictionaries for the mentioned language pairs and deploy the enriched lexical material on the web in the framework of the collaborative dictionary project Wiktionary. In addition, we will make all of the project’s products (corpora, models, dictionaries) freely available supporting further research.
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Mudrak, Oleg. "Traces of Ossetic in Finno-Ugric languages of the Ural region." Rodnoy Yazyk. Linguistic journal, no. 2 (December 2022): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2313-5816-2022-2-52-66.
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The analysis of late Iranian loanwords in Finno-Ugric languages spoken in the Ural Mountains region demonstrates that there is no specifically Scythian-Sarmatian layer of borrowings in these languages. The representative group of loanwords reflects contact with the Ossetic language in particular.
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Uusküla, Mari, Liivi Hollman, and Urmas Sutrop. "Basic colour terms in five Finno-Ugric languages and Estonian Sign Language: a comparative study." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2012): 47–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2012.3.1.02.
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In this paper we compare five Finno-Ugric languages – Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Udmurt and Komi-Zyrian – and the Estonian Sign Language (unclassified) in different aspects: established basic colour terms, the proportion of basic colour terms and different colour terms in the collected word-corpora, the cognitive salience index values in the list task and the number of dominant colour tiles in the colour naming task. The data was collected, using the field method of Davies and Corbett, from all languages under consideration, providing a distinctive foundation for linguistic comparison. We argue that Finno-Ugric languages seem to possess relatively large colour vocabularies, especially due to their rich variety of word-formation types, e.g. the composition of compound words. All of the languages under consideration have developed to Stage VI or VII, possessing 7 to 11 lexicalised basic colour terms. The cognitive salience index helps to distinguish primary and secondary basic colour terms, showing certain comprehensive patterns which are similar to Russian and English.
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Tagirova, Feride Insanovna. "Persons in Linguistics of the Ural-Volga Region: Halil Açıköz." Ethnic Culture 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-99399.
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The work is devoted to the description of the life of the Turkish linguist H. Çıkgöz. For the first time in the history of Turkish science his scientific interests were directed to the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Ural-Volga region of Russia – the Mari and Udmurts. Methods. The work is written in the genre of an essay, many episodes of which are due to the author’s memories of the scientist. Results. The presented material can be used in the compilation of bio-bibliographic indexes and databases in the field of the study of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric languages of the Ural-Volga region. Discussion. As a scientist H. Açıkgöz had a wide range of scientific interests and systemic knowledge in various fields: in the field of modern linguistics and written monuments, medieval classical poetry and art in general. In Turkey he was a lecturer at Istanbul University, known as a philologist in his true sense. In Tatarstan he was known as a Türkologist, but few had any idea of the true scope of his scientific interests. In Mari El and Udmurtia they did not have time to recognize him, with the exception of a narrow circle of scientists. This work is useful in that it sheds light on his activities in the field of Finno-Ugric studies, which still remain in the shadows. A wide circle of scholars, both in Russia and abroad, still do not know that H. Açıkgöz was engaged in theoretical and practical study of the Finno-Ugric languages, compilation of the Mari-Turkish dictionary and translation of the dictionary of Tatar and Bashkir borrowings in the Mari language of N.I. Isanbaev.
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Ariskina, Tat'yana Pavlovna. "NOMINAL WORD-FORMATION IN THE FINNO-UGRIC LANGUAGES." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 11 (November 2019): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.11.46.
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Laxström, Niklas, and Antti Kanner. "Multilingual Semantic MediaWiki for Finno-Ugric dictionaries." Septentrio Conference Series, no. 2 (June 17, 2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/5.3470.
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This paper introduces the concept of Multilingual Semantic MediaWiki, which can be used to build collaborative on-line projects for certain types of multilingual content. Namely, dictionaries whose users are multilingual or have different native languages. We describe two multilingual on-line dictionary projects built using the Multilingual Semantic MediaWiki framework. These projects cover Finnish, Swedish, the Sámi languages, Estonian and Ludic among others. We describe the benefits of using semi-structured data and the limitations of this particular semantic software based on the case study offered by the aforementioned projects. We evaluate these projects in terms of development and maintenance effort, number of visitors and contributors. We conclude that this is a low cost approach to increase openness and collaboration and to create more value for this kind of data.
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Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz. "Zagadnienie ugrofińskiego substratu w językach bałtyckich." Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego LXXV, no. 75 (December 31, 2019): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6621.
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The issue of the Finno-Ugric substratum in Baltic languages. Summary: The aim of the paper is to review Witold Mańczak’s ten arguments supporting the hypothesis on the existence of a Finno-Ugric substratum in Baltic languages, as well as to discuss Jan Henrik Holst’s critical remarks on the matter. The present author discusses all the problematic issues and presents his own position. Streszczenie: Celem tego artykułu jest przegląd 10 argumentów, przytoczonych przez Witolda Mańczaka, które mają świadczyć o obecności substratu ugrofińskiego w językach bałtyckich, a także prezentacja uwag krytycznych zgłoszonych przez Jana Henrika Holsta. Autor omawia szczegółowo wszystkie problematyczne kwestie i wyraża własne stanowisko w powyższej dyskusji.
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Safin, Fail G., Svetlana S. Alekseenko, and Aigul I. Khaliullina. "National mass media as markers of ethnolinguistic identity of Finno-Ugric peoples in Bashkortostan." Finno-Ugric World 10, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.010.2018.04.055-066.
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Subscription to periodicals indirectly shows the ethnolinguistic identity of the population, as in order to meet ethno-cultural needs individuals give preference to that Mass media which is closer to them by the language and world-view. Along with the regional and republican newspapers and magazines published in Bashkortostan, the Finno-Ugric peoples actively take in periodicals from the neighboring Republics, which makes it possible to meet ethnic, cultural and national language needs more widely. The article is based on the materials from the archive of the Ufa Federal Postal Service of the Republic of Bashkortostan,a branch of “Post of Russia”, as well as data from the Press Agency of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It makes an attempt to explore the national cultural needs of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the field of printed Press. The work is based on statistical data, including the current archives of Press and Media Agency of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Federal postal service of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as the results of population censuses. The principle of historicism, statistical and systematic approaches make the theoretical basis of the research. In Bashkortostan newspapers for the Mari population are published in the Mari language in two districts – Mishkinskiy and Kaltasinskiy, with 71,5 and 45,9 % of the Mari population according to 2010 census. In Tatyshlinskiy district with 21,5 % of Udmurt population, there is one regional newspaper in the Udmurt language. Taking into account the needs of the Mari population of the Republic, since 1991 the Republican newspaper “Cholman” (“Kama”) has been published in the Mari language. Since 1999 there has been another newspaper with Republican circulation in the Udmurt language – “Oshmes”. Newspapers and magazines in the Mordovian language are not published in Bashkortostan. The Mordovian population subscribes periodicals from the Republic of Mordovia. The promotion of subscriptions in the Finno-Ugric languages in the Republic would contribute to the further preservation and development of native languages and strengthening the ethnic identity of the Finno-Ugric population in Bashkortostan.
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Vincze, Veronika, Ágoston Nagy, Csilla Horváth, Norbert Szilágyi, István Kozmács, Edit Bogár, and Anna Fenyvesi. "FinUgRevita: Developing Language Technology Tools for Udmurt and Mansi." Septentrio Conference Series, no. 2 (June 17, 2015): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/5.3473.
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Nowadays, digital language use such as reading and writing e-mails, chats, messages, weblogs and comments on websites and social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter has increased the amount of written language production for most of the users. Thus, it is primarily important for speakers of minority languages to have the possibility of using their own languages in the digital world too. The FinUgRevita project aims at providing computational language tools for endangered indigenous Finno-Ugric languages in Russia, assisting the speakers of these languages in using the indigenous languages in the digital space. Currently, we are working on two Finno-Ugric minority languages, namely, Udmurt and Mansi. In the project, we have been developing electronic dictionaries for both languages, besides, we have been creating corpora with a substantial number of texts collected, among other sources like literature, newspaper articles and social media. We have been also implementing morphological analyzers for both languages, exploiting the lexical entries of our dictionaries. We believe that the results achieved by the FinUgRevita project will contribute to the revitalization of Udmurt and Mansi and the tools to be developed will help these languages establish their existence in the digital space as well.
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Brodsky, Igor Vadimovich. "NAMES OF SOME WIDESPREAD SHRUBS IN THE FINNO-UGRIC LANGUAGES (JUNIPER, HAZEL, BIRD CHERRY)." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 16, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2022-16-1-6-15.
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In this paper, the author examines the names of widespread shrubs in the Finno-Ugric languages. Since natural and climatic conditions including flora in the places of residence of the Ugric peoples (Khanty, Mansi, Hungarians) are significantly different from those of the peoples who speak languages of the Finno-Permic branch, this article mainly discusses the plant names of Finno-Permic languages (Baltic-Finnic, Mordvin, Mari and Permic). The plants included in this study are juniper, hazel and bird cherry. The aim of this paper is to examine all folk names of these shrubs as a group of nominal vocabulary, to study the origin and territorial distribution of phytonyms, as well as the nomination of shrubs in the Finno-Permic languages. The Finno-Ugric folk names of shrubs are numerous and in most cases have been formed separately in every language. This trend is more typical for the names of herbaceous plants, while the names of trees are usually older and fewer in number. Zoosemisms (animals’ names) are found in the complex names of shrubs; most often they are the names of dogs and goats, but in the names of the shrubs considered in this article we could only find zoosemisms with the meanings ‛bear’ and ‛magpie’. For this article, the material was collected by the method of controlled selection of vocabulary in printed publications (lexicographic and other works). The study of lexis is carried out by descriptive and comparative-historical methods. When studying the nomination of plants, the method of component analysis and the method of semantic analysis are used. In total, the study includes more than one hundred and fifty different folk phytonyms (including phonetic variations), most of which are complex nouns, usually consisting of two components. The origin of these names is determined fairly accurately in almost all cases, including the cases of borrowing. For the convenience of semantic analysis, all the phytonyms examined are combined into lexical-semantic nests corresponding to nomination models. A total of 24 such nests have been allocated.
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Brodsky, Igor Vadimovich. "NAMES OF SOME WIDESPREAD SHRUBS IN THE FINNO-UGRIC LANGUAGES (JUNIPER, HAZEL, BIRD CHERRY)." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 16, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2022-16-1-6-15.
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In this paper, the author examines the names of widespread shrubs in the Finno-Ugric languages. Since natural and climatic conditions including flora in the places of residence of the Ugric peoples (Khanty, Mansi, Hungarians) are significantly different from those of the peoples who speak languages of the Finno-Permic branch, this article mainly discusses the plant names of Finno-Permic languages (Baltic-Finnic, Mordvin, Mari and Permic). The plants included in this study are juniper, hazel and bird cherry. The aim of this paper is to examine all folk names of these shrubs as a group of nominal vocabulary, to study the origin and territorial distribution of phytonyms, as well as the nomination of shrubs in the Finno-Permic languages. The Finno-Ugric folk names of shrubs are numerous and in most cases have been formed separately in every language. This trend is more typical for the names of herbaceous plants, while the names of trees are usually older and fewer in number. Zoosemisms (animals’ names) are found in the complex names of shrubs; most often they are the names of dogs and goats, but in the names of the shrubs considered in this article we could only find zoosemisms with the meanings ‛bear’ and ‛magpie’. For this article, the material was collected by the method of controlled selection of vocabulary in printed publications (lexicographic and other works). The study of lexis is carried out by descriptive and comparative-historical methods. When studying the nomination of plants, the method of component analysis and the method of semantic analysis are used. In total, the study includes more than one hundred and fifty different folk phytonyms (including phonetic variations), most of which are complex nouns, usually consisting of two components. The origin of these names is determined fairly accurately in almost all cases, including the cases of borrowing. For the convenience of semantic analysis, all the phytonyms examined are combined into lexical-semantic nests corresponding to nomination models. A total of 24 such nests have been allocated.
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Brodsky, Igor V. "Names of guelder rose (Viburnum) in Finno-Ugric Languages." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (2022): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/80/20.
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The paper discusses the folk names of guelder rose (Viburnum) in the Finno-Ugric languages, with more than a hundred phytonyms having been studied to reveal their origin, areal distribution, and the lexical nomination of Viburnum according to various features. Among the phytonyms studied, the Baltic-Finnish vocabulary noticeably prevails, probably due to the fact that the dialectal lexical material of Baltic-Finnish languages has been much better collected. The entire study was done from a comparative perspective. The majority of the Finno-Ugric names of guelder rose originated in separate languages and has no correspondences in the related tongues. Not more than two phytonyms belong to the ancient lexical fund. Moreover, in the languages under consideration, there are several names of guelder rose that were borrowed from Germanic, Turkic, and Slavic languages. The compound phytonyms formed in individual languages are numerous and rather diverse. The multiplicity of names given to guelder rose is more characteristic of herbaceous plants, with trees usually having far fewer names with more ancient origin. The Finno-Ugric names of guelder rose are based on a number of features, such as medicinal use, flower coloring, place of growth, and external similarity to other plants. The study has identified the lexical-semantic models by which the compound names of guelder rose were formed, with their components analyzed. Thus, each phytonym may contain two or three components. The names of guelder rose also include zoosemisms denoting various animals: a dog, a wolf, a pig, a partridge, and a crane.
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Samsonova, Larisa, Tatiana Nikaeva, and Marfa Tarabukina. "Finno-Ugric words in the Russian dialects of Yakutia." SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400006.
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This article analyzes the lexical Finno-Ugric borrowings that appeared in the speech of the Slavs and the aboriginal population of Yakutia with the arrival of the Russians to the northeast Siberia in the 17th century. More than three centuries ago, the Russians, who came from the northern provinces of Russia, introduced the essential vocabulary necessary for the daily life of the people of that time into the active vocabulary of the northern region’s population. Most of the words from the Finno-Ugric languages denoted new concepts and did not have synonyms in Russian, for example, viska, edoma, laida, etc. This research investigates and illustrates the most significant thematic groups of the borrowed words, gives lexical-semantic characteristics of the analyzed notions, and determines the basic word-building patterns. This article presents the results of a linguistic experiment on the interpretation of words, which was conducted in 2021 among the students of Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University to determine the relevance of the Finno-Ugric layer of vocabulary in the modern communicative situation of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The authors of the article conclude that the studied lexical borrowings, which became widespread on the territory of the republic several centuries ago, underwent some changes, became the basis for the formation of new words, became part of not only the modern Russian literary language, but also other languages of the republic, where they are part of the active vocabulary.
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Теуш, Ольга Анатольевна. "Slavs and Finno-Ugric peoples: ethnic interaction in the European North of Russia (based on the names of settlement types)." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 5 (December 10, 2019): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2019.20.5.013.
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Статья посвящена этническим контактам на Европейском Севере России и их отражению в лексике диалектов Европейского Севера России. Рассматриваются наименования типов поселений, заимствованные из языков местных народов. Лексемы этимологизируются: определяются языки-источники заимствования. Выявляются полиязыковые истоки лексем: представлены разнообразные типы заимствований от финно-угризмов (преимущественно прибалтийско-финского типа) до малочастотных тюркизмов и заимствований из языков Европы. Определяется то, что заимствованные апеллятивные наименования поселений и их частей в говорах Европейского Севера России представляют собой семантически и этимологически пеструю группу слов. Финно-угорские заимствования маркируют идеограмму ʻкуст деревень - несколько поселений, расположенных в тесном соседствеʼ. Только через заимствованные из финно-угорских языков лексемы передается семан- тика ʽпространство вне дома, на свежем воздухеʼ. Обозначения временных жилищ, заброшенных поселений являются исключительно финно-угорскими по происхождению. Идеограммы ʽшалаш, сделанный пастухом из хвойных прутьев для защиты от непогодыʼ, ʽпространство вне дома на свежем воздухеʼ, ʽместо для спанья на воздухеʼ, ʽместо, где находится сторож, сторожевой постʼ маркируются в севернорусских диалектах только лексемами с финно-угорскими корнями, причем источники заимствования многообразны. Для большинства лексем анализируемые значения вторичны либо уже на уровне языка-источника, либо в русском языке. Наиболее частотно развитие значения на основе иной географической семантики: ʽбезлесная гора, возвышенностьʼ, ʽнизина, долинаʼ, ʽугол, сторона, крайʼ. The article is devoted to ethnic contacts in the European North of Russia and their reflection in the vocabulary of dialects of the European North of Russia. Names of types of settlements borrowed from languages of local people are considered. Lexemes are etymologized: languages and sources of borrowing are defined. Polyglot origins of lexemes are revealed: various types of borrowings from Finno-Ugric (mainly Baltic-Finnish type) to low-frequency turkisms and borrowings from European languages are presented. It is defined that the borrowed appellative names of settlements and their parts in dialects of the European North of Russia represent a various group of words semantically and etymologically. Finno-Ugric borrowings mark the ideogram ʽbush villages-several settlements located in close proximityʼ. Only through lexemes borrowed from the Finno-Ugric languages the semantics 'space outside the home, in the fresh air' is transmitted. Designations of temporary dwellings, abandoned settlements are exclusively Finno-Ugric in origin. Ideograms ʽa hut made by a shepherd from coniferous twigs for protection from the weatherʼ, the space outside the house in the fresh airʼ, ʽa place to sleep outdoorsʼ, the place where the guard, the guard postʼ are marked in North Russian dialects only through lexemes with the Finno-Ugric roots, and the sources of borrowing are diverse. For most lexemes, the analyzed meanings are secondary either at the level of the source language or in Russian. The most frequent development of meaning is based on some different geographical semantics: bezlesny mountain, vozvyshennosti, Nizina, Dolina, Ugol, side, cry.
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Kashkin, E. "Verbs describing motion of substances in some Finno-Ugric languages." Acta Linguistica Petropolitana XVI, no. 1 (August 2020): 462–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/alp2306573716114.
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The article deals with verbs describing motion of substances (‘fl ow’, ‘stream’, ‘pour’ etc.) in three Finno-Ugric languages (Komi, Western Khanty, and Hill Mari), which were not considered in the previous typological studies of this domain. The article is aimed at identifying the semantic oppositions between such verbs from the typological perspective. The material has been collected primarily in fieldwork by elicitation and is compared to the data available in dictionaries (sometimes coming from other language varieties). Methodologically, I rely on the frame-based approach to lexical typology, which involves collocational analysis as the key procedure for highlighting semantic oppositions A sketch of falling verbs in each language is provided (focusing on how the basic parameters of cross-linguistic variation are realized in my sample), since they are contiguous to the domain being in the main focus. The main part of the article provides the description of flowing & pouring verbs in each language from the sample. I discuss several semantic features of these verbs, such as the opposition between a stream and drops, the colexification of moving liquids and granular substances (with some language-specific constraints dealing with some properties of the situations), special lexemes for small amounts of liquids emitted from some entity, etc. Some issues underdescribed in typological studies are touched upon (e.g. a special verb in Khanty for small portions of liquids or pouring substance moving in the air, such as fog or flour). The semantic connections between, on the one hand, flowing & pouring, and, on the other hand, falling of multiple subjects are analyzed, taking into account the restrictions on the subject of falling (natural entity vs. artifact, size of singular entities) and on the whole situation (distributivity) available for this colexification pattern. Other polysemy patterns developed by the verbs in question are considered as well, e.g. the extension of the basic lexeme kis’s’yny ‘flow, pour’ in Komi to some situations of destruction
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Molnár Bodrogi, Enikő. "Components of Belonging in Two Finno-Ugric Minority Literatures." Hungarian Studies Yearbook 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hsy-2021-0003.
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Abstract The topics of the present research are, in a larger sense, two multilingual and multicultural regions: the Tornio Valley in Northern Scandinavia and Transylvania in Eastern Europe. In a narrower sense, I am analysing two novels written in minority languages, a Transylvanian Hungarian novel written by Károly Molter, entitled Tibold Márton and a novel written in Meänkieli by Bengt Pohjanen, Jopparikuninkhaan poika (The Smuggler King’s Son). I attempt to answer two main research questions: 1. How is the belonging of the two main characters to a different language and ethnic group presented in the analysed Hungarian and Meänkieli novels? 2. How can the borders between “us” and “them” be constructed through inclusion and exclusion and how can they be crossed at the individual level? I will thus concentrate on some aspects of the narratives of inclusion and exclusion, as represented in the above-mentioned novels.
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Campbell, Lyle. "Indo-European and Uralic Tree Names." Diachronica 7, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 149–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.7.2.02cam.
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SUMMARY In this paper similarities in tree names shared by Indo-European and Finno-Ugric (and Uralic) languages are presented which demonstrate an old historical connection between the two language families. These correspondences are due either to a genetic relationship or to language contact, or perhaps to both. This evidence should contribute towards determining ultimately the exact nature of the historical connection shared by Finno-Ugric and Indo-European. RÉSUMÉ L'article présente une liste de ressemblances entre les noms d'arbres dans les familles indo-européenne et finno-ougrienne. Elle démontre qu'il y avait un rapport historique entre ces deux groupes de langues. La question se pose si ces ressemblances sont dues à une filiation génétique entre ces deux familles de langues, ou bien s'il ne s'agit, dans le présent cas, qu'une question de contact entre ces langues. L'information fournie ici devrait au moins contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du rapport entre ces deux familles de langues. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In diesem Aufsatz werden Âhnlichkeiten zwischen den Namen für eine Reihe von Bäumen innerhalb indo-europäischer und finno-ugrischer (auch uralischer) Sprachen aufgewiesen, die eine alte historische Beziehung zwischen den beiden Sprachfamilien nahelegen. In der Tat sind dièse Parallelen entweder auf eine gemeinsame Ursprache, auf Sprachkontakt oder auf beides zurückzufuhren. Die vorgelegten Daten sollten dazu beitragen, ein besseres Verst ändnis für die genaue historische Beziehung zwischen diesen beiden Sprachfamilen zu vermitteln.
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Oja, V. "Naimenovanija jaitshnogo zheltka v finno-ugorskich jazykach [Terms for ’yolk’ in Finno-Ugric Languages]." Linguistica Uralica 49, no. 4 (2013): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2013.4.02.
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Kartavenko, V. S. "THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL RICHNESS OF THE REGIONAL NAMES." Onomastics of the Volga Region, no. 2 (2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2020-2.onomast.37-42.
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The article considers the toponyms of the Smolensk region as a valuable phenomenon of cultural and historical character, which, being the language of the earth, are able to tell about the ancient and most ancient facts of life of the people of this region on a par with the monuments of material culture. Names belonging to Finno-Ugric and Baltic languages, as well as to West Slavic languages are identified. It is emphasized that names can persist for centuries, losing their connection with the source language and adapting to new language conditions.
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Leinonen, Marja. "Morphosyntactic parallels in North Russian dialects and finno‐ugric languages." Scando-Slavica 48, no. 1 (January 2002): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00806760208601184.
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Polyakov, O. E., and N. V. Letkina. "Development of the Ural sonorous system in the Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 3 (2020): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-3-526-533.
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Introduction: the article considers the development of the Uralic sonorous consonants in the common Mordovian, modern Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages and their dialects. Information about the use of a group of these consonants in modern Moksha and Erzya word forms is also considered. Taking into account the research of the leading Finno-Ugric experts, the authors of the article express their opinion on the appearance of deaf sonorous consonants R, R’, L, L’, J used in the modern Moksha language along with the sonorous consonants r, r’, l, l’, j. The specific development of the Ural ŋ in the common Mordovian, Moksha and Erzya languages is described. Objective: to give a complete picture of the development of the ancient Ural sonorous consonants in the common Mordovian, Moksha and Erzya languages. Research materials: ancient system of sonorous consonants in the proto-Uralic language (data presented in the works of P. Sammallahti, Z. Keresztes, L. P. Gruzov, as well as in various dictionaries), and sonorous consonants in the common Mordovian, Moksha, and Erzya languages. Results and novelty of the research: the authors consider various points of view of well-known Finno-Ugric scholars (B. Collinder, L. Posti, P. Haidu, P. Sammalahti) about the presence of the system of sonorous in the proto-Uralic language; their development in the common Mordovian, Moksha and Erzya languages is studied. Particular attention is paid to the emergence of «deaf sonorous» consonants in the Moksha language, as well as the use of nasal ŋ in the Mordovian literary languages and their dialects. The study can be used for teaching the discipline «Historical grammar of Mordovian languages». The scientific novelty of the research is that the development of the system of sonorous consonants of the proto-Uralic language in the Mordovian languages is studied for the first time.
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Charitonova, A. M. "Mezhdunarodnaja nautshnaja konferentsija ”Aktual'nye voprosy vostotshnych finno-ugorskich jazykov” [The Conference ”Eastern Finno-Ugric Languages”]." Linguistica Uralica 42, no. 1 (2006): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2006.1.10.
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Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz. "Considerations of the origin of the Armenian term gom ‘stable, stall, pigsty." Prace Językoznawcze 22, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pj.5827.
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The author pursues an argument that the Armenian word gom (‘stable, stall, pigsty’)cannot be related to Old Norse gammi (‘Saami hut, dug-out’) for both phonological andsemantic reasons. Rather, the former noun represents an ancient borrowing from anAnatolian source (cf. Hittite ḫūmmaš c. ‘stable, stall, sty’, Luwian ḫūmmaš c. ‘pigsty’< PIE. *h2óu̯mos), whereas the latter one seems to be a Finno-Ugric loanword (via theNorthern Saami appellative gammi, which derives from the Finno-Permic archetype *kȣmɜ‘granary, pantry’). Furthermore, the modern Caucasian languages attest lexical data withtwo different (and easily separable) meanings: ‘stable, stall, sty’ vs. ‘granary, pantry’.The former group, documented e.g. by Georgian gomi ‘pigsty’, is evidently of Anatolianorigin (via Armenian gom). On the other hand, the Caucasian terms for ‘granary, pantry’(e.g. Svan gwem ‘cupboard, pantry, larder’, Kabardian gwän ‘chest for corn, grain-store’,Ad. kon ‘upward widening woven granary, covered on the outside with clay and coveredwith straw’, Ingush ḳe, obl. ḳeno ‘granary’, Chechen čọ̈̄ , obl. čọ̈̄ na- ‘store for grain, granary’etc.), wrongly linked to the aforementioned words for ‘stable, stall, pigsty’ by somelinguists, should be treated as borrowings of Finno-Ugric origin (via Ossetic gom, gon,gondan ‘box for grain, granary’ ← Ostyak kȯ̆m ‘granary, pantry’ vel sim. < Finno-Permic*kȣmɜ ‘id.’).
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Hermann, Karl August. "Hiina keele sugulusest ugri keelte ja eriti soome-eesti keelega (1895)." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2019.10.2.04.
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Eesti 19. sajandi väljapaistev keeleteadlane, entsüklopedist ja helilooja Karl August Hermann (1851–1909) toob välja tunnused, mis võiksid osutada ugri, st soome-ugri ning altai keelte, sh eesti ja soome keele sugulusele hiina keelega. Ta vaatleb sõnatüvesid ja -juuri, sõnamoodustust, võimalikke ühiseid tüvesid, sarnaseid lausungeid ning omastava käände ja omadussõnalise täiendi asendit, mis võiksid osutada erinevate kaugete keelte sugulusele. Ta teeb järelduse, et hiina keel on soome-ugri ja altai keeltega suguluses. Hermanni saksakeelne artikkel, mis ilmus aastal 1895, on tõlgitud eesti keelde.
Abstract. Karl August Hermann: About the relationship of Chinese with the Ugrian languages and especially with the Finnish-Estonian (1895). Karl August Hermann (1851–1909), an eminent Estonian linguist, encyclopedist and composer in the nineteenth century, identifies features that might indicate the affinity of Ugrian, i.e. Finno-Ugric and Altaic languages, including Estonian and Finnish, with Chinese. He looks at word stems and roots, word formation, possible common word stems, similar utterances, and the position of the genitive and the adjective in relation to the noun that might indicate the affinity of different distant languages. He concludes that Chinese is related to Finno- Ugric and Altaic languages. Hermann’s forgotten article, published in German in 1895, has been translated into Estonian by Urmas Sutrop.
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Ivanov, V. A. "Sound iconic words in folklore for children (in Finno-Ugric languages)." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 64 (September 1, 2018): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/64/19.
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Kozmács, István. "ON THE TYPOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MOTION VERBS IN FINNO-UGRIC LANGUAGES." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-2-222-226.
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In this paper, I compare the semantic structure of the Hungarian and Udmurt verbs of motion. I state that, contrary to the general opinion of the typological literature, the semantic structure of Finno-Ugric verbs is not only Motion + Mode (Motion + Co-event). In Udmurt and in the old Hungarian language there are many motion verbs with the pattern Movement + PATH. Today, PATH is encoded differently in Udmurt and Hungarian movement verbs from a typological point of view. Probably the following happened: when the Hungarian verb system was consolidated, PATH was coded with the preverb, and verb-framed motion verbs became satellite-framed motion verbs. This hypothesis requires further research.
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Kornilov, Gennadiy E. "THREE SOURCES – THREE COMPONENTS IN THE AREA OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ENDING ON -LEI/-LYAI." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2021-2-112-119.
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The purpose of the scientific article is to establish the main historical sources of the inventory and subsequent comparative-historical interpretation of geographical names in the Oka and Sura regions, to compare three approaches to this problem, reflected in the works of well-known scientists: historian I.K. Engevatov, linguists G.P. Smolitskaya and D.V. Tsygankin. The results of the study in practical terms are designed to: 1) to enrich and update the relevant articles on onomatology and comparative studies of Finno-Ugric scholars, Turkologists and Slavists; 2) to clarify the views of historians and ethnologists/ ethnographers about specific moments of ethnic and linguistic contacts in Eastern Europe (in the Oka and the Sura regions). The results of the research in the future should initiate new works devoted to a particular class of geographical nomenclature terms in the historical perspective within the boundaries of the Slavic, Finno-Ugric and Turkic languages.
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Bratina, Tomáš. "Gender change in the indrefinnmarksmål dialect." Brünner Beiträge zur Germanistik und Nordistik, no. 2 (2022): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bbgn2022-2-10.
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This article investigates gender variation and change in the grammatical gender system of the indrefinnmarksmål dialect. The interior of Finnmark county, Indre Finnmark, has historically been closely linked to the Finno-Ugric population. The coexistence of Norwegian as a representative of the Indo-European languages and Sámi or Kven as representatives of the Uralic languages may have resulted in several specific features. In this article, I focus on morphological features related to grammatical gender.
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Pineda, David. "Некоторые наблюдения над заимствованиями в русском говоре Кольского полуосторва(Some Observations on Borrowings in the Russian Dialect on the Kola Peninsula)." Poljarnyj vestnik 7 (February 1, 2004): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1335.
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The present article gives an overview of the borrowed vocabulary of the Rus- sian dialect of the Kola peninsula, which mostly comes from Finno-Ugric languages. Some remarks are made as to the phonetical and morphological adaptations to Russian, the etymology and the distribution of the loanwords over the different semantic fields. Not surprisingly, the terminology on rein- deer husbandry is dominated by loans from Sámi languages. Some names for fishes are also Sámi, but fishing terminology is almost exclusively borrowed from Baltic-Finnic. Other source languages include Samoyedic (clothing), Norwegian and Dutch (ship types).
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Ivanov, V. A. "Nursery words in the Finno-Ugric languages of the Ural-Volga region: functional-semantic aspect." Historical and cultural heritage 14, no. 2 (2024): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.62669/30342139.2024.2.19.
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The article examines the so-called nursery words in Finno-Ugric languages from the point of view of their functioning and semantics. Children's words constitute a specialized lexicon of a special linguistic register - speech addressed to children. The research is based primarily on field materials collected by the author. In accordance with the communicative needs of the child in the early stages of communication development, three large functional groups of words are distinguished: children's interjections, designations of situations, names of objects. Children's interjections include various prohibition words and warnings against such dangers as heat and cold, animal aggression, etc. Also, special words denote situations that are most important for the child: 'eat', 'drink', 'wash', 'walk' and etc. Among the definitions of objects and people, children's words for kinship terms, pets, food and drinks, clothing, toys, etc. stand out. Due to the conceptual non-division of children's words, the selected groups are not mutually exclusive: the same words can simultaneously express motivations, designate situations and objects associated with them. Functional and semantic groups of children's words can be considered universal; the specific content of these groups may vary. The Finno-Ugric languages reveal a certain wealth and variety of children's words.
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Kaksin, Andrey D. "Semantics and ethnoculture: topicality in the study of the Khanty language." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 1 (January 2024): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.1-24.010.
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The article is devoted to the delimitation of hidden and formally expressed imagery in the language (namely, in the lexicon, that is, the vocabulary of the language). In the first case, imagery is understood as the semantic non-triviality of the origin of a word due to its internal form or etymology (if this particular postulated path of origin is proved). Formalized is considered imagery, the means of expression of which are widely used in the languages of the scheme of “transferring” the word meaning, creating epithets, comparisons, personifications, hyperbole. The article considers one of the most important linguistic semantic phenomena — the creation of new lexemes, based on existing units, in some formal way (suffixation, verbiage), reinforced by semantic transformation. Additionally, if possible, binding to the features of ethnic culture is made. As a result of the study, the concept of imagery was formulated in relation to the vocabulary (or lexicon) of the language, a distinction was made between hidden and formally expressed imagery. The empirical basis of the study was compiled by dictionaries of the Khanty language, as well as lexical material presented in one of the fundamental works on Finno-Ugric studies — the collective work “Fundamentals of Finno-Ugric linguistics” (1974). The main research methods are descriptive method, taxonomy, as well as comparison. A typological approach is used in the general assessment of word formation methods.
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Feoktistova, Lyubov A. "On the Etymology of Lexemes with the Root ринд-/рынд- in the Northern Russian Dialects." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 23, no. 3 (2021): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2021.23.3.056.
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This article attempts to find out the origin of a number of homonyms, as well as their correlates (phonetic, lexical-semantic variants, and derived words), i.e ри́нда / ры́нда, ры́н(д)ега / ры́нюга, ринь / рынь, etc. They are recorded in the Northern Russian dialects in independent and related (as part of phraseological phrases) use in two areas, i.e. the north-western regions of Arkhangelsk region and Belozerye. The main source of dialect material is the card catalogue of the Dictionary of Dialects of the Russian North, which makes it possible to take into account a number of additional parameters during the etymologisation and semantic reconstruction of dialecticisms: the exact geographical reference, the number of fixations, etc. From the point of view of semantics, these dialecticisms can be divided into five groups: the natural sphere (meteorology), various spheres of human activity (fishing, cooking, clothing (with some conditionality)), as well as human behaviour. The linguistic geography data indicate the borrowed character of the lexemes and the Finno-Ugric languages as the source languages of borrowing. For the lexemes of each group, a source is found in the Finnic languages (Karelian and/or Veps) or Sami, taking into account information about the former settlement of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the specified territory, as well as the correlation и // ы and the origin of the phoneme ы in the dialecticisms studied.
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Normanskaya, Yu V. "The original names of clothing in the Finno-Ugric languages: new etymologies." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 2 (2020): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-2-303-312.
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