Books: 'FIR and IIR Systems'

1

Phang, Khoman S. Adaptive microphone arrays using FIR and IIR filters. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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2

Fontes, Natanael Ruiz. An analysis of the IIR an FIR Wiener filters with applications to underwater acoustics. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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3

Ferrell, George T. Ten-year risk-rating systems for California red fir and white fir: Development and use. [Berkeley, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989.

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4

Ferrell, George T. Ten-year risk-rating systems for California red fir and white fir: Development and use. [Berkeley, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989.

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5

Ferrell, George T. Ten-year risk-rating systems for California red fir and white fir: Development and use. [Berkeley, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989.

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6

Seevers, Melinda R. Fixed tank systems for type II and III helicopters. [San Dimas, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Technology & Development Program, 1995.

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7

Alexander, Robert R. Silvicultural systems and cutting methods for old-growth spruce-fir forests in the Central and Southern Rocky Mountains. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986.

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8

Wass, E. F. Impacts of soil disturbance on root systems of Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine seedlings. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 1994.

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9

Curtis, Robert O. Silvicultural research and the evolution of forest practices in the Douglas-fir region. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2007.

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10

Zarnovican, Richard. Effect of seed production and soil scarification on the natural regeneration of a second-growth fir stand in the Lower St. Lawrence region. Sainte-Foy, Québec: Laurentian Forestry Centre, 2003.

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11

Alexander, Robert R. Silvicultural systems and cutting methods for old-growth spruce-fir forests in the central and southern Rocky Mountains. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986.

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12

Hirst, Ben A. Exam prep: Fire officer III & IV. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2007.

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13

Duffy, Tim. A casebook, four software tools. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1987.

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14

J, Delgado, ed. Hamiltonian Systems and Celestial Mechanics (HAMSYS-98): Proceedings of the III International Symposium : Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico, 7-11 December 1998. Singapore: World Scientific, 2000.

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15

Björkin, Mats. Postwar Industrial Media Culture in Sweden, 1945-1960. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984929.

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During the 1950s, companies aiming for international markets demanded new theories and methods of communication. Ideas regarding cybernetics, systems analysis, new accounting practices, and budgetary principles as well as theories of information, communication, marketing, public relations, and organization were discussed at conferences, seminars, and courses, and in articles and books. At the same time, new technologies changed corporate communication, from a loose-leaf accounting system to mechanical and electronic business machines, from written texts and oral presentations to slide shows, audio tapes, films, television, and flannelgraphs. By looking at a vast array of objects and relations related to uses of media technologies in Swedish industry from the end of World War II to the breakthrough of television, this book shows what happened in the glitches between mass communication and interaction, and how Swedish postwar industry worked to disrupt established understandings of communication.

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16

Zhukov, Aleksey, Vladimir Astashkin, Vil'en Zholudov, and Vyacheslav Semenov. Industrial construction. Buildings and constructions. Corrosion protection and ecology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1064907.

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This monograph summarizes the modern experience of protection of industrial buildings and structures against aggressive impacts are considered characteristic of corrosion processes under the action of liquid, solid and gaseous environments on the main building materials. Provides a system of regulating the degree of aggressiveness for different parts of buildings and constructions basic provisions for the selection of chemically resistant structures and materials, design methodology section corrosion protection. Systematic design methods of protecting groundwater and soil against aggressive and toxic media, the methods of accounting for the cost of corrosion protection as applied to building elements. Designed for a wide range of engineering-technical workers (ITR), related to design, construction and exploitation of constructions and structures. Can also be used as a textbook for technical schools, colleges and training system engineers.

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17

An Analysis of the IIR and FIR Wiener Filters with Applications to Underwater Acoustics. Storming Media, 1997.

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18

T, Smith Mark J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Spatially-varying IIR filter banks for image coding. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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19

T, Smith Mark J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Spatially-varying IIR filter banks for image coding. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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20

T, Smith Mark J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Spatially-varying IIR filter banks for image coding. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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21

Ketchum, J. Scott. Douglas-fir, grand fir and plant community regeneration in three silvicultural systems in western Oregon. 1995.

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22

Ketchum, J. Scott. Douglas-fir, grand fir and plant community regeneration in three silvicultural systems in western Oregon. 1995.

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23

Ehresmann, Andrée. Applications of Categories to Biology and Cognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0015.

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Mathematical models used in biology are generally adapted from physics and relate to specific local processes. Category theory helps developing global dynamic models account for the main specificities of living systems: (i) The system is evolutionary, with a tangled hierarchy of interacting components, which change over time. (ii) It develops a robust and flexible memory up to the emergence of components and processes of increasing complexity. (iii) It has a multi-agent, multi-temporality, self-organization. This chapter presents such a model, the Memory Evolutive Systems, which in particular characterizes the property at the root of emergence and flexibility. A main application is the model MENS for a neurocognitive system which proposes a physically based “theory of mind”, up to the emergence of higher cognitive processes such as consciousness, anticipation, and creativity.

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24

Hughes, Jim. C-arm systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813170.003.0002.

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This chapter covers the design and functions of mobile C-arm X-ray systems used in intra-operative imaging (also known as ‘image intensifiers’, or IIs), including the movements and adjustments used for positioning and systems of X-ray production and image generation. C-arm and mobile C-arm imaging technology was born of the necessity to perform real-time X-ray imaging during surgical procedures. These systems perform real-time motion or cine imaging series as well as still images. The larger units, which are fixed, are generally used in dedicated imaging suites, whereas the smaller units, being mobile, can be moved to wherever a procedure requiring imaging takes place.

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25

Ocampo, José Antonio. Reforming the (Non)System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718116.003.0007.

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This chapter proposes a comprehensive yet evolutionary reform of the global monetary non-system that evolved out of the breakdown of the original Bretton Woods arrangement in the early 1970s. The recent North Atlantic financial crisis showed how dysfunctional the current international monetary and financial architecture is for managing today’s global economy, and led to calls to reform it. Proposals for reform in this chapter include: (i) a global reserve system that mixes the multi-currency arrangement with an active use of the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights; (ii) stronger mechanisms of macroeconomic policy cooperation, including management of the exchange rate system and capital account regulations; (iii) additional automatic balance-of-payments financing facilities, and the complementary use of swap and regional arrangements; (iv) a multilateral sovereign debt workout mechanism; and (v) major reforms of the system’s governance.

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26

Silvicultural options for young-growth Douglas-fir forests: The Capitol Forest study--establishment and first results. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2004.

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27

Han, Han-sup. Damage to young Douglas-fir stands from commercial thinning with various timber harvesting systems and silvicultural prescriptions: Characteristics, sampling strategy for assessment and future value loss. 1997.

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28

Han, Han-sup. Damage to young Douglas-fir stands from commercial thinning with various timber harvesting systems and silvicultural prescriptions: Characteristics, sampling strategy for assessment and future value loss. 1997.

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29

Salazar, Juan Carlos. Policy Recommendations to Integrate Environmentally Sound Technologies in National Innovation Systems. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003258.

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As part of the Poznan Strategic Programme on Technology Transfer, which the Global Environmental Facility funded a regional project, implemented by the IDB. One of the components of this project was executed by Mexicos National Climate Change and Ecology Institute. It carried out two very relevant studies, one on recommendations to integrate climate change technologies into the national innovation systems, and the other on planning tools for climate change. The topics addressed on this document are i) The role of Environmentally Sound Technologies & National Innovation Systems (NIS) in the fight against Climate Change. ii) Greening NIS in LAC: Challenges and Opportunities. iii) Recommendations for the integration of ESTs into NIS.

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30

Collier, Richard S. Banking on Failure. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859673.001.0001.

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This book seeks to explain why and how banks ‘game the system’. More specifically, its objective is to account for why banks are so often involved in cases of misconduct and why those cases often involve the exploitation of tax systems. To do this, a case study is presented in Part I of the book. This case study concerns a highly complex transaction (often referred to as ‘cum-ex’) designed to exploit a flaw at the intersection of the tax system and the financial markets settlements system. It was entered into by a very large number of banks and other financial institutions. A number of factors make the cum-ex transaction remarkable, including the sheer scale of the financial amounts involved, the large number of banks and financial institutions involved, the comprehensive failure of the controls infrastructure in this highly regulated sector, and the fact that authorities across Europe have found it so difficult to deal with the transaction. Part II of the book draws out the wider significance of cum-ex and what it tells us about modern banks and their interactions with tax systems. The account demonstrates why the exploitation of tax systems by banks is practically inevitable due to a variety of systemic features of the financial markets and of tax systems themselves. A number of possible responses to the current position are suggested in the final chapter.

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31

The Lucille Mountain study: 8-year results of a silvicultural systems trial in the Engelmann spruce-Subalpine fir zone. Victoria, BC: Ministry of Forests Research Program, 2001.

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32

Cheng, Russell. The Pearson and Johnson Systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198505044.003.0009.

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This chapter re-examines two of the best-known systems of parametric distributions: the Pearson and the Johnson. It is shown that, in the Pearson system, Pearson Types III and V are boundary embedded models of the main Types I, IV, and VI. A comprehensive way of finding the best type to fit is given using appropriate score statistics to guide a systematic search of all model types, including symmetric boundary models. Maximum likelihood estimation is used and details of its numerical implementation are given. Type IV can be a difficult model to fit. A method is discussed for this model that is reasonably robust, subject to certain restrictions on the parameter values. The same examination is made of the Johnson system where the lognormal, SL family is shown to be an embedded subsystem of both the main subsystems SB and SU. Two real data examples are given.

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33

Mexico) International Symposium on Hamiltonian Systems and Celestial Mechanics (3rd : 1998 : Patzcuaro, E. A. Lacomba, and E. Pérez-Chavela. Hamiltonian Systems and Celestial Mechanics (HAMSYS-98): Proceedings of the III Annual Symposium. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2000.

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34

Sweet, Alec Stone, Clare Ryan, and Eric Palmer. A Kantian System of Constitutional Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825340.003.0003.

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This chapter develops an account of a Kantian system of constitutional justice based on a series of interlocking claims: (i) that the People have placed their freedom in trust, in the form of a charter of rights; (ii) that rights provisions instantiate the foundations on which the external freedom of all persons may be constructed; (iii) that public officials are under a duty to make and enforce law in ways that fulfill the rights of persons that come under their authority; (iv) that an omnilateral trustee, a constitutional court, supervises the lawmaking activities of officials, through the enforcement of the Universal Principle of Right (UPR); and (v) that the UPR, as operationalized through the proportionality principle, lays down the basic criterion for the legitimacy of all positive law. Insofar as these structural features combine to render rights protection more effective, they will also maximize a polity’s capacity to achieve a Rightful condition.

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35

Ely Caetano, Xavier Jr, and Costa José Augusto Fontoura. Expropriation in Brazil’s Cooperation and Facilitation Investment Agreements. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780198809722.016.0013.

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The recent Cooperation and Facilitation Investment agreements signed by Brazil display some innovative features, such as the exclusion of investor-state dispute settlement and the inclusion of corporate social responsibility issues. However, the expropriation provisions have not been improved to the same extent. The lack of precise definitions for expropriation, the omission of any reference to indirect expropriation, and the recurring reference to national legal systems represent some of the main problems. The strategy of revising the provision for expropriation as the agreements were negotiated and signed has resulted in a questionable decision to intentionally exclude indirect expropriation from the scope of the agreements and has created inconsistencies among the different texts. The success of the agreements is still unknown, but sidestepping expropriation is not a good beginning.

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36

Ahmed, Arif. Signaling Systems and the Transcendental Deduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746973.003.0007.

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The central claim of Kant’s Transcendental Deduction is that unity of consciousness entails objectivity of experience. This chapter defends an interpretation of that claim that has nothing especially to do with imagination, thought, language, or ‘categories.’ It is a general truth about signaling systems. More specifically, there is a precise sense in which (i) a signaling system may detect properties of objects as opposed to merely reflecting how it is being affected by external reality taken as a lump. And there is a precise sense in which (ii) a signaling system may exhibit a unity as opposed to being equivalent to a mere bundle of more specialized signaling systems. The chapter argues that (i) is a consequence of (ii): any signaling system that exhibits unity in this sense has experience of objects in that one. That truth, and the argument for it, cast light on (a) Kant and (b) idealism.

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37

Lacey, Joseph. Centripetal Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796886.001.0001.

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Centripetal democracy is the idea that legitimate democratic institutions set in motion forms of citizen practice and representative behaviour that serve as powerful drivers of political identity formation. Partisan modes of political representation in the context of multifaceted electoral and direct democratic voting opportunities are emphasized on this model. There is, however, a strain of thought predominant in political theory that doubts the democratic capacities of political systems constituted by multiple public spheres. This view is referred to as the lingua franca thesis on sustainable democratic systems (LFT). Inadequate democratic institutions and acute demands to divide the political system (through devolution or secession), are predicted by this thesis. By combining an original normative democratic theory with a comparative analysis of how Belgium and Switzerland have variously managed to sustain themselves as multilingual democracies, this book identifies the main institutional features of a democratically legitimate European Union (EU) and the conditions required to bring it about. Part I presents a novel theory of democratic legitimacy and political identity formation on which subsequent analyses are based. Part II defines the EU as a demoi-cracy and provides a thorough democratic assessment of this political system. Part III explains why Belgium has largely succumbed to the centrifugal logic predicted by the LFT, while Switzerland apparently defies this logic. Part IV presents a model of centripetal democracy for the EU, one that would greatly reduce its democratic deficit and help to ensure that this political system does not succumb to the centrifugal forces expected by the LFT.

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38

Partington, Martin. Introduction to the English Legal System 2017-2018. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198802488.001.0001.

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Introduction to the English Legal System 2017-2018 has been fully updated to consider the latest developments in the English legal system. The theme which dominates the new edition is that of transformation. The criminal (Chapter 5), the administrative (Chapter 6), the family (Chapter 7), and the civil (Chapter 8) justice systems are all starting a process of structural reform designed to enable them to operate more efficiently; this will include major investment in the use of IT in the delivery of court and tribunal services. Major changes to the ways in which the legal profession is regulated are also discussed (Chapter 9), and new enquiries designed to control the cost of litigating are outlined (Chapter 10). The outcome of the referendum on leaving the European Union (Brexit), although noted, is not considered at length: although there will be major change in the future, its form currently not known and for the time being, things remain the same (Chapter 3). The book starts by introducing themes and structure, after which Part II looks at law society and authority and considers the purpose and functions of law. Part III examines the institutional framework and looks into the role of government, the criminal justice system, the administrative justice system, the family justice system, and the civil and commercial justice system; Part IV describes the delivery and funding of legal services; and Part V offers a reflection on the process of transformation and the challenges it should address.

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39

Lisa, Sachs, Toledano Perrine, Mandelbaum Jacky, and Otto James. Impacts of Fiscal Reforms on Country Attractiveness. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780199983025.016.0008.

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This chapter considers the global trend of fiscal reforms in the natural resource sector, in which governments are seeking to claim a larger portion of the windfall profits of recent years. More specifically, it surveys fiscal reforms in the oil, gas, and mining sector through seven case studies, and analyzes investors' responses to these reforms as well as the change in a country's attractiveness for existing and potential investors as a result of reforms. The chapter also highlights differences in the reform processes in the countries studied and examines their potential implications for the outcomes of the reform processes and the investors' reactions. It considers the implications of the system of regulation (contract-based versus legislated), the consultative process, the role of external parties and expert reports, and the threat of investor-state arbitration. Finally, it explains why fiscal reforms are more likely in the natural resource sector.

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40

Rose, Françoise. A typology of languages with genderlects and grammatical gender. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795438.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the interaction of genderlects with grammatical gender within a Canonical Typology approach. Systems in which indexical gender interacts with grammatical gender are cross-linguistically rare. They are highly complex instances of non-canonical gender: in these systems, there is at least one value for which grammatical gender is marked differently depending on the gender of one speech act participant. This chapter offers a groundbreaking canonical typology of systems with interacting indexical gender and grammatical gender. The three parameters used for this typology are: (i) same or different grammatical gender categorization across genderlects, (ii) partial or total scope of the genderlect distinction over the grammatical gender values, and (iii) presence or absence of cross-genderlect syncretism. The results show that the most attested type is the least canonical one.

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41

Duffy, Tim, and W. Duffy. Four Software Tools. Wadsworth, 1986.

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42

Karen L, Remmer. The Outcomes of Investment Treaty Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780198809722.016.0004.

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This chapter explores variations in dispute outcomes in investment treaty arbitration. Building on the literature on political institutions, the study places the theoretical importance of actor information about the rules of the game and the resources of the participants at the centre of analysis. Such information shapes the strategy of the players and their relative ability to compete successfully, establishing the basis for hypotheses about variations in dispute outcomes. Drawing on the universe of known disputes, the analysis relies on statistical models and data capable of addressing concurrently the full range of potential dispute outcomes rather than particular categories of wins and losses. States do not just win or lose treaty-based investment disputes; disputes can also be concluded by decisions to discontinue arbitral proceedings and by settlements negotiated between states and investors prior to an arbitral award. Consistent with theoretical expectation, the findings indicate that dispute outcomes vary in response to the evolution of the system of dispute settlement over time, sector of investment, and access to international legal expertise, thereby underlining the pivotal role of information flows in investment dispute settlement.

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43

Kakascik, Aimee G. Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0061.

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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that affects collagen formation and ultimately leads to increased bone fragility. The fragile nature of the bones leads to fractures, even from seemingly normal patient care. Affected patients are at the highest risk for unintentional fractures during perioperative care. There are several different types of OI. Type I is the most common. With the different types come varying degrees of severity. Types II and III are the more severe forms. The classic clinical triad seen in OI is blue sclerae, multiple fractures, and conductive hearing loss. The patient may have other systemic involvement beyond the fragile musculoskeletal system. It is imperative that the anesthesiologist be well-versed in the natural history and perioperative management of patients with OI in order to optimize care and minimize complications.

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44

Fernando Loureiro, Bastos. Part III The Relationship Between the Judiciary and the Political Branches, 6 An Overview of Judicial and Executive Relations in Lusophone Africa. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759799.003.0007.

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This chapter examines judicial–executive relationships in Africa’s Lusophone systems, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and the island nations of Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe, which are often neglected in the English-language literature. These systems continue to follow the Portuguese system closely not only because of their colonial history but also due to an ongoing process in which Portuguese sources are widely used and judicial officers and law professors often receive training in Portugal. The result is the persistent view of the separation of powers wherein the judiciary is subordinate to the legislature, the executive, and to the law that those branches alone create; its role is understood chiefly as a resolver of disputes between private parties. While the constitutions of these states offer textual protection for the judiciary’s independence, only Cape Verde has made important strides to realizing this in practice. Executive influence over the judiciary is strong.

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45

della Cananea, Giacinto, and Roberto Caranta, eds. Tort Liability of Public Authorities in European Laws. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867555.001.0001.

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This book is the first in a series which explores if, and to what extent, there is a common core of shared and connecting elements within the legal systems. It looks at government liability in tort as an entry point for the whole comparative research on the ‘common core of European administrative laws’. The book focuses on administrative procedure. It is divided into four parts. Part I sets the stage, explains the distinctive features of the new research, and deals with issues in methodology. Part II looks briefly at the constitutional and cultural framework in which government liability operates. Part III focuses on the main research done by presenting the case studies and supplying the answers to the hypothetical cases, which are at the heart of the ‘factual method’. Finally, Part IV compares and contrasts the information provided from Part III. It examines both the commonalities and the distinctive traits of these legal systems with a view to understanding their ‘common core’.

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46

Toh, Kevin. Law, Morality, Art, the Works. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821977.003.0004.

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(i) What is the law on such-and-such? (ii) What is the most fundamental law of a particular legal system? (iii) In virtue of what is a certain rule the most fundamental law of a particular legal system? And (iv) what facts need to exist in a community of people for that community to have laws? According to the orthodox position in contemporary Anglophone legal philosophy, the correct answer to (iv) would enumerate only certain behavioral and psychological facts, and these facts would be those in virtue of which the other three questions are ultimately answered. In reaction to this orthodoxy, this chapter argues that a very plausible answer to (iv) would be neutral in its implications for (i)–(iii), and, further argues that contents of laws are unlikely to be determined solely by what legal officials or others think and do.

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47

Fuller, Richard A., and James E. M. Watson. Replacing underperforming nature reserves. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0023.

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This chapter discusses a radical solution to the problem that many protected areas are not in the right places to achieve maximum conservation benefit. The radical solution involves replacing underperforming protected areas with new ones that achieve more for conservation. Such a system revision was successfully undertaken in Bhutan as long ago as 1993. This chapter argues that designing robust policies and processes around reserve replacement will (i) force a thorough assessment of the role of protected areas against a clear set of conservation objectives, (ii) upgrade a poorly performing system of protected areas into a system that achieves better conservation outcomes for the same, or even a lower, overall budget, and (iii) allow for sober, transparent, and effective decision-making when parts of existing protected areas are under threat from development.

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48

Candela-Toha, Angel, Teresa Tenorio, Aurora Lietor, and Fernando Liaño. Scoring systems in acute kidney injury patients. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0236.

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The development of severity of illness scoring systems in the intensive care unit was prompted by the high mortality of patients in this setting. The great changes in the field of intensive care medicine have fostered new and more complex generations of scoring systems. There are several versions of the three major models used, APACHE, SAPS, and MPM. Among them, APACHE II remains the most frequently used. When these generic models are applied to acute kidney injury (AKI) patients, their discrimination ability measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is about 0.8. Another approach to prognosis of AKI patients was the development of specific scoring systems. While initial models were flawed by methodological problems, a second generation of prognosis systems for AKI patients is now available. Their discriminatory power goes beyond that of generic scores. However, some of them are awaiting external validation. Specific scoring systems for AKI patients must show their usefulness in future early-therapy trials. While we await effective therapies for AKI, the role of these systems is to improve risk stratification by the addition of new untested variables.

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49

Gilson, Ronald J. From Corporate Law to Corporate Governance. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.10.

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In the 1960s and 1970s, corporate law and finance scholars gave up on their traditional approaches. Corporate law had become “towering skyscrapers of rusted girders, internally welded together and containing nothing but wind.” In finance, the theory of the firm was recognized as an “empty box.” This essay tracks how corporate law was reborn as corporate governance through three examples of how we have usefully complicated the inquiry into corporate behavior. Part I frames the first complication, defining governance broadly as the company’s operating system, a braided framework of legal and non-legal elements. Part II adds a second complication by making the inquiry dynamic: corporate governance as a path dependent process that co-evolves with the elements of the broader capitalist regime. Part III considers unsuccessful efforts to simplify rather than complicate corporate governance analysis through static single factor models: stakeholder, team production, director primacy, and shareholder primacy. Part IV concludes by highlighting the tradeoff between a governance system’s capacity to adapt to change and its ability to support long-term investment.

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50

Van Olmen, Daniël, and Johan Van Der Auwera. Modality and Mood in Standard Average European. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.11.

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The chapter discusses the research on the features of the mood and modality systems of European languages that stand a chance of being due to some measure of the areal convergence captured with the term “Standard Average European.” These features are: (i) the compositional nature of the prohibitive, (ii) the number of non-indicative non-imperative moods, (iii) the relation between canonical and non-canonical imperatives, (iv) the use of word order for the interrogative, the (v) multifunctionality, (vi) verbiness, and (vii) grammaticalization of modal markers. While all of these characterize European languages, only features (i), (v), (vi), and (vii) are potential Standard Average European features.

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Books on the topic 'FIR and IIR Systems'

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