Relevant bibliographies by topics / FIR Filter Structure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'FIR Filter Structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FIR Filter Structure"

1

GUSTAFSSON, OSCAR, HÅKAN JOHANSSON, and LARS WANHAMMAR. "SINGLE FILTER FREQUENCY-RESPONSE MASKING FIR FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 12, no. 05 (October 2003): 601–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126603001094.

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In this work filter structures that decrease the required number of multipliers and adders for implementation of linear-phase FIR filters using frequency-response masking techniques are introduced. The basic idea of the proposed structures is that identical subfilters are used. This leads to the same arithmetic structure can be multiplexed in the implementation, reducing the number of required multipliers and adders. The subfilters are mapped using the folding transformation to obtain an area-efficient time-multiplexed (or pipeline/interleaved) implementation. Both narrow-band and wide-band frequency-response masking as well as arbitrary bandwidth frequency-response masking techniques are considered. The filter design is discussed and for each filter structure the limits on the specifications are derived. Designed examples show the usefulness of the proposed structures.
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2

Shaik, Samdhani, and P. Balanagu. "Functional Verification Architecture Implementation for Power Optimized FIR Filter." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.20 (April 18, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.14780.

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Digital-filters are having universal for audio applications. So that, great digital-filter execution ought to be taken as an imperative for outline of audio system Applications. The utilization of accuracy with limited in Digital filters for speaking to signals which likewise contrast from that of simple filters as computerized filters utilizing a limited exactness number juggling for registering the filter reaction. Here, FIR-filter has been actualized in Xilinx ISE utilizing VERILOG dialect. VERILOG coding for FIR-filter has been actualized here too waveforms are additionally seen in the reproduction.Viper comprises of less weight as contrasted and multipliers as far as silicon territory and this plays a profitable in FIR structure. This paper has picked multipliers as stall and Wallace and the taken the adders as convey spare and convey skip. In this paper it needs to build up a RTL in the purpose of structures and check the usefulness of structures contrasted and playing out the union utilizing Xilinx synthesizer. The outcomes were thought about regarding region (LUT'S), power, deferral and memory for different fir structures.
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3

Petrovic, Predrag. "Possible solution of parallel FIR filter structure." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 2, no. 1 (2005): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0501021p.

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In this paper, a parallel form FIR adaptive filter structure with RLS (Recursive Least Squares) type adaptive algorithm is proposed. The proposed parallel form FIR structure consists of a recursive orthogonal transform stage and sparse FIR sub filters operating in parallel. The adaptive algorithm used to update coefficient vector of the sparse filters is implemented by using modified Hopfield networks. This structure implements the RLS-type adaptive algorithm, without an explicit matrix inversion avoiding numerical instability problems. Simulation results which show the desirable features of proposed structure are given.
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Mewada, Hiren K., and Jitendra Chaudhari. "Low computation digital down converter using polyphase IIR filter." Circuit World 45, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-02-2019-0015.

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Purpose The digital down converter (DDC) is a principal component in modern communication systems. The DDC process traditionally entails quadrature down conversion, bandwidth reducing filters and commensurate sample rate reduction. To avoid group delay, distortion linear phase FIR filters are used in the DDC. The filter performance specifications related to deep stopband attenuation, small in-band ripple and narrow transition bandwidth lead to filters with a large number of coefficients. To reduce the computational workload of the filtering process, filtering is often performed as a two-stage process, the first stage being a down sampling Hoegenauer (or cascade-integrated comb) filter and a reduced sample rate FIR filter. An alternative option is an M-Path polyphase partition of a band cantered FIR filter. Even though IIR filters offer reduced workload to implement a specific filtering task, the authors avoid using them because of their poor group delay characteristics. This paper aims to propose the design of M-path, approximately linear phase IIR filters as an alternative option to the M-path FIR filter. Design/methodology/approach Two filter designs are presented in the paper. The first approach uses linear phase IIR low pass structure to reduce the filter’s coefficient. Whereas the second approach uses multipath polyphase structure to design approximately linear phase IIR filter in DDC. Findings The authors have compared the performance and workload of the proposed polyphase structured IIR filters with state-of-the-art filter design used in DDC. The proposed design is seen to satisfy tight design specification with a significant reduction in arithmetic operations and required power consumption. Originality/value The proposed design is an alternate solution to the M-path polyphase FIR filter offering very less number of coefficients in the filter design. Proposed DDC using polyphase structured IIR filter satisfies the requirement of linear phase with the least number of computation cost in comparison with other DDC structure.
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Wen, Hui, and Shu Ming Li. "DSP-Based FIR Filter Design and Circular Buffer Implementation." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1755.

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The digital filter technology includes two aspects, which are the filter design process and filter realization. The article expounded the basic structure of FIR filter, with examples on the use Matlab to determine the FIR filter coefficient, analysis of the cycle of the buffer zone algorithm Principle, based on the algorithm, combination of filters designed to achieve the input of mixed-signal FIR digital filter. In the end, the filter is given before and after the input and output signal waveform simulation.
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Kaplun, Dmitry, Denis Butusov, Valerii Ostrovskii, Alexander Veligosha, and Vyacheslav Gulvanskii. "Optimization of the FIR Filter Structure in Finite Residue Field Algebra." Electronics 7, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120372.

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This paper introduces a method for optimizing non-recursive filtering algorithms. A mathematical model of a non-recursive digital filter is proposed and a performance estimation is given. A method for optimizing the structural implementation of the modular digital filter is described. The essence of the optimization is that by using the property of the residue ring and the properties of the symmetric impulse response of the filter, it is possible to obtain a filter having almost a half the length of the impulse response compared to the traditional modular filter. A difference equation is given by calculating the output sample of modules p1 … pn in the modified modular digital filter. The performance of the modular filters was compared with the performance of positional non-recursive filters implemented on a digital signal processor. An example of the estimation of the hardware costs is shown to be required for implementing a modular digital filter with a modified structure. This paper substantiates the expediency of applying the natural redundancy of finite field algebra codes on the example of the possibility to reduce hardware costs by a factor of two. It is demonstrated that the accuracy of data processing in the modular digital filter is higher than the accuracy achieved with the implementation of filters on digital processors. The accuracy advantage of the proposed approach is shown experimentally by the construction of the frequency response of the non-recursive low-pass filters.
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LIAN, YONG. "A MODIFIED FREQUENCY-RESPONSE MASKING STRUCTURE FOR HIGH-SPEED FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF SHARP FIR FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 12, no. 05 (October 2003): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126603001069.

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This paper presents the design and implementation of high-speed, multiplierless, arbitrary bandwidth sharp FIR filters based on frequency-response masking (FRM) technique. The FRM filter structure has been modified to improve the throughput rate by replacing long band-edge shaping filter in the original FRM approach with two to three cascaded short filters. The proposed structure is suitable for FPGA as well as VLSI implementation for sharp digital FIR filters. It is shown by an example that a near 200-tap equivalent Remez FIR filter can be implemented in a single Xilinx XC4044XLA device that operates at sampling frequency of 5.5 MHz.
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Petraglia, M. R., and S. K. Mitra. "Adaptive FIR filter structure based on the generalized subband decomposition of FIR filters." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 40, no. 6 (June 1993): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.277880.

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Aparna, A., and T. Vigneswaran. "DESIGN OF HIGH PERFORMANCE MULTIPLIERLESS LINEAR PHASE FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 13 (April 1, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s1.19564.

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This research work proposes the finite impulse response (FIR) filters design using distributed arithmetic architecture optimized for field programmable gate array. To implement computationally efficient, low power, high-speed FIR filter a two-dimensional fully pipelined structure is used. The FIR filter is dynamically reconfigured to realize low pass and high pass filter by changing the filter coefficients. The FIR filter is most fundamental components in digital signal processing for high-speed application. The aim of this research work is to design multiplier-less FIR filter for the requirements of low power and high speed various embedded applications.
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Jain, Ekta H., and Chandu N. Bhoyar. "Implementation of High Speed Operating FIR Filter with DA Algorithm Comparing Results with MAC Algorithm and Simple FIR Filter Result." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v2i4.204.

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Recent years there has been a increasing trend to implement digital signal processing functions in Field ProgrammableGate Array (FPGA). therefor, we need to put great effort in designing efficient architectures for digital signal processing functionssuch as FIR filters, which are widely used in audio and video signal processing, telecommunications etc. We are going to present amethod for implementing high speed Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters using MAC (MULTIPLY AND ACCUMULATE) andDistributed Arithmetic (DA) method. MAC is a conventional FIR filter In these method adders, multipliers and delay elements areused. Distributed Arithmetic (DA) has been used to implement a bit-serial scheme of a general symmetric version of an FIR filter dueto its high stability and linearity by taking optimal advantage of the look-up table (LUT) based structure of FPGAs. The performanceof the DA technique for FIR filter design is analyzed and the results are compared to the MAC design technique.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FIR Filter Structure"

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Cadena, Pico Jorge Eduardo. "Perfect Reconstruction Filter Bank Structure Based On Interpolated FIR Filters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71756.

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State of the art filter bank structures achieve practically perfect reconstruction with very high computational efficiency. However, the increase in computational requirements due to the need to process increasingly wider band signals is paramount. New filter bank structures that provide extra information about a signal while achieving the same level of required efficiency, and perfect reconstruction properties, need to be developed. In this work a new filter bank structure, the interpolated FIR (IFIR) filter bank is developed. Such a structure combines the concepts of filter banks, and interpolated FIR filters. The filter design procedures for the IFIR filter bank are developed and explained. The resulting structure was compared with the non-maximally-decimated filter bank (NMDFB), achieving the same performance in terms of the number of multiplications required per sample and the overall distortion introduced by the system, when operating with Nyquist prototype filters. In addition, the IFIR filter is tested in both simulated and real communication environments. Performance, in terms of bit-error-rate, was found to not be degraded significantly when using the IFIR filter bank system for transmission and reception of QPSK symbols.
Master of Science
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Lahti, Jimmie. "Tree-Structured Linear-Phase Nyquist FIR Filter Interpolators and Decimators." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79047.

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The master thesis is based upon a new type of linear-phase Nyquist finitie impulse responseinterpolator and decimator implemented using a tree-structure. The tree-structure decreasesthe complexity, considerably, compared to the ordinary single-stage interpolator structure.The computational complexity is comparable to a multi-stage Nyquist interpolator structure,but the proposed tree-structure has slightly higher delay. The tree-structure should still beconsidered since it can interpolate with an arbitrary number and all subfilters operate at thebase rate which is not the case for multi-stage Nyquist interpolators.
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Ryšavý, Marek. "Zlomkooktává analýza akustických signálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241138.

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The diploma thesis is focused on design and optimalization of digital octave and fraction-octave band filters. This thesis describe the behavior of filters in systems with fixed point arithmetics and investigate the impact of quantization coefficients for frequency response of filter. Filters, whitch has been designed, are implemented into simple software in C. Designed filters are in accordance with standard IEC 61260.
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Glubokov, Oleksandr. "Development of waveguide filter structures for wireless and satellite communications." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2011. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8zy2q/development-of-waveguide-filter-structures-for-wireless-and-satellite-communications.

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This thesis explores the possibilities of the design and realization of compact conventional and substrate integrated waveguide structures with improved performance taking advantage of recent cross-coupled resonator filters theory achievements such as the modular filter design approach using non-resonating nodes and inline extracted pole filters. Therefore, the core of the thesis presents the following stages of work: -- Solution of electromagnetic problem for wave propagation in rectangular waveguide structures; overview of substrate integrated waveguides. -- Review of available design procedures for cross-coupled resonator filters; realization of coupling matrix synthesis methods by optimization. -- Investigation of the possibility to implement filtering modules using E-plane metallo-dielectric inserts in conventional rectangular waveguides. Application of the modules in configurations of bandpass and dual-band filters. Experimental verification of the filters. -- Implementation of inline extracted pole filters using E-plane inserts in rectangular waveguides. Use of generalized coupling coefficients concept for individual or coupled extracted pole sections. Development of new extracted pole sections. Application of the sections in the design of compact cross-coupled filters with improved stopband performance. -- Application of the techniques developed for conventional rectangular waveguides to substrate integrated technology. Development of a new negative coupling structure for folded substrate integrated resonators. Design of improved modular and extracted pole filters using substrate integrated waveguides.
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Akyurek, Sefa. "The Implementation Complexity Of Finite Impulse Response Digital Filters Under Different Coefficient Quantization Schemes And Realization Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605586/index.pdf.

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It has been aimed to investigate the complexity of discrete-coefficient FIR filters when they are implemented in transposed form and the coefficient redundancy is removed by the n-Dimensional Reduced Adder Graph (RAG-n) approach. Filters with coefficients represented by different quantization schemes have been designed or selected from the literture
their transposed form implemetations after RAG-n process have been compared in terms of complexity. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based design algorithm has been implemented and used for the design of integer coefficient filters. Algorithms for the realization of filter coefficients in Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) form and realization of n-Dimensional Reduced Adder Graph (RAG-n) have also been implemented. Filter performance is measured as Normalized Peak Ripple Magnitude and implementation complexity as the number of adders used to implement filter coefficients. Number of adders used to implement filter coefficients is calculated by using two different methods: CSD and RAG-n. RAG-n method has been applied to FIR digital filter design methods that don&rsquo
t consider reduction of implementation complexity via RAG-n with transposed direct form filter structure. For implementation complexity, it is concluded that &ldquo
RAG-n algorithm with transposed direct form filter structure&rdquo
provides better results over the &ldquo
CSD, SPT coefficient design followed by transposed direct form filter structure&rdquo
in terms of number of adders used in the implementation.
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Rush, David Ian. "Fire performance of unprotected and protected concrete filled steel hollow structural sections." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8298.

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Concrete filled steel hollow structural (CFS) sections are increasingly used to support large compressive loads in buildings, with the concrete infill and the steel tube working together to yield several benefits both at ambient temperature and during a fire. These members are now widely applied in the design of highly optimized multi-storey and high rise buildings where fire resistance ratings of two or more hours may be required. Whilst the response and design of these sections at ambient temperatures is reasonably well understood, their response in fire, and thus their fire resistance design, is less well established. Structural fire resistance design guidance is available but has been developed based on tests of predominantly short, concentrically-loaded, small-diameter columns in braced frames using normal strength concrete. The current prescriptive guidance is limited and the design of CFS columns is thus often based on a detailed performance based approach, which can be time consuming and expensive and which is generally not well supported by a deep understanding of CFS columns’ behaviour in real fires. This thesis aims to understand the fundamental thermal and mechanical factors at play within these sections so as to provide guidance on how to improve their design for fire resistance when applied either as unprotected or protected sections. A meta-analysis of available furnace test data is used to demonstrate that current guidance fails to capture the relevant mechanics and thus poorly predicts fire resistance. It is also demonstrated that the predictive abilities of the available design standards vary with physical characteristics of the CFS section such as shape and size. A factor which has been observed in furnace tests on CFS sections but which is not accounted for in available guidance is the formation of an air gap between the steel tube and the concrete core due to differential expansion; this affects their structural response in fire. The insulating effect of air gap formation has not previously been addressed in literature and an experimental program is presented to systematically assess the effects of a gap on the heat transfer through the section; showing that the presence of even a 1 mm gap is important. To explicitly assess the heat transfer response within both unprotected and fire protected (i.e. insulated) CFS sections, 34 large scale standard furnace tests were performed in partnership with an industry sponsor. Fourteen tests on large scale unloaded unprotected CFS sections are presented to assess current capability to predict the thermal response and to assess the effects of different sectional and material parameters on heating. New best practice thermal modelling guidance is suggested based on comparison between the models and observed temperatures from the tests. Twenty CFS specimens of varying size and shape, protected with different types and thicknesses of intumescent paint fire insulation, were also tested unloaded in a furnace to understand the thermal evolution within protected CFS sections and to develop design guidance to support application of intumescent coatings in performance based fire resistance design of CFS sections. These tests demonstrate that the intumescent coatings were far more effective than expected when applied to CFS sections, and that current methods of designing the coatings’ thickness are overly conservative. The reason for this appears to be that the calculation of effective section factor which is used in the prescription of intumescent coating thicknesses is based on the thermal response of unprotected CFS sections which display fundamentally different heating characteristics from protected sections due to the development of a thermal gradient in the concrete core. It is also demonstrated (by calculation supported by the testing presented herein) that the steel failure temperature (i.e. limiting temperature) of an unprotected CFS column in fire is significantly higher than one which is protected; procedures to determine the limiting temperature of protected sections are suggested. Finally, the residual strength of fire-exposed CFS columns is examined through structural testing of 19 of the 34 fire tested columns along with unheated control specimens. The results provide insights into the residual response of unprotected and protected CFS section exposed to fire, and demonstrate a reasonable ability to calculate their residual structural capacity. The work presented in this thesis has shed light on the ability of available guidance to rationally predict the thermal and structural response to fire of CFS columns, has improved the understanding of the thermal evolution within protected and unprotected CFS sections in fire, has provided best-practice guidance and material input parameters for both thermal and structural modelling of CFS sections, and has improved understanding of the residual capacity of CFS sections after a fire.
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Decle, Colin Daniel. "Novel metamaterial structures for microwave component and circuit performance enhancements." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/novel-metamaterial-structures-for-microwave-component-and-circuit-performance-enhancements(c446a06c-7a46-4368-801c-76230eb0a104).html.

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In the thesis presented, three novel uni-planar left handed transmission lines based on Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRR) and Complementary Spiral Resonator (CSR) metamaterial particles are proposed for the first time and successfully applied for the performance enhancement of conventional coupled line filters and the design of a full scan leaky wave antenna. Based on the implementation of Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRR) a fully planar Composite Right left handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) plus a Dual Composite Right Left Handed transmission line (D-CRLH-TL) are proposed, designed and studied. The CRLH transmission line is realized loading a microstrip host line with CSRR metamaterial particles and capacitive gaps on the conductor strip of the line, while the D-CRLH transmission line is built bridging the capacitive gaps between the CSRR's with inductive connections to induce dual propagation properties in the structure. A further performance enhancement is achieved by a second proposal based on the implementation of Complementary Spiral Resonators (CSRs). The studies applied to the structure reveal that conditions for D-CRLH propagation are created in a transmission line composed only by CSR metamaterial resonant particles as the result of the unique electromagnetic properties acquired by the CSRs etched on the conductor line of a microstrip waveguide. The CSRR/CSR based D-CRLH transmission lines proposed are applied in the design of two enhanced coupled line filters. The implementation is possible for the first time in this work as result of the highly versatile layout features of the left handed transmission lines proposed which among other important geometrical features, allows couplings in both sides of the structure. Enhanced filtering features are reached by the metamaterial based coupled line filters proposed in terms of selectivity and size reduction in comparison with conventional coupled line filters. In the case of the CSRR loaded metamaterial coupled line filter a size reduction of 49% is achieved compared with a filter of similar performance. A further enhancement is reached by the second coupled filter proposed based on CSR metamaterial resonant particles. The CSR coupled filter proposed reach a roll off rate improvement of 8 dB/GHz and size reduction of 43% in comparison with a conventional coupled line filter of the same order. When this is compared against a conventional coupled line filter of similar performance but higher order, a remarkable size reduction of 77% is achieved by the proposed CSR coupled line filter. Finally, the CSR loaded D-CRLH transmission line is applied in the design of a fully planar leaky wave antenna. Using the CSR structures etched on the conductor line of a microstrip as part of the radiation mechanism altogether with the D-CRLH propagation features of the structure. A full scan radiation pattern is created with backward, forward and broadside radiation as result of the left handed propagation band, right handed propagation band and the balanced transition between them. Two leaky wave antennas are designed to operate at the centre frequencies of 12.5GHz and 6.0GHz. In order to corroborate the performance the CSR D-CRLH leaky wave antenna operating at 6.0GHz is fabricated and measured showing a scanning range of 30 deg with a maximum gain of 13.2 dBi.
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Nyock, Ilouga Samuel Masclet Georges. "La congruence objective entre le profil structurel organisationnel et l'individu." Lille : A.N.R.T, 2007. http://documents.univ-lille3.fr/files/pub/www/recherche/theses/NYOCK_ILOUGA_Samuel.pdf.

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Mollicone, Bianca Medalha. "Reestruturação recente da indústria petroquímica brasileira e desafios competitivos." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2010. http://www.adm.ufba.br/sites/default/files/publicacao/arquivo/dissertao_bianca_16.02.2011.pdf.

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A petroquímica é um dos segmentos mais expressivos de qualquer economia industrial, produzindo insumos para diversos bens de consumo. A partir da década de 1970, com os dois choques do petróleo, essa indústria passou por intensa reestruturação em todo o mundo, aprofundada na década de 1990. A racionalização dos negócios petroquímicos promoveu uma intensa onda de fusões, aquisições, joint ventures e spin-offs, refletindo as estratégias adotadas pelas empresas líderes, de integração vertical e focalização em core business. As grandes petrolíferas moveram-se downstream, beneficiando-se de vantagens de custo e acesso a matérias-primas. Os anos 2000 foram marcados pela emergência da Ásia como centro produtor, adicionando-se novas capacidades no Oriente Médio, e consumidor, com destaque para a China, apontando que o acesso às matérias-primas e aos mercados com elevado potencial de crescimento são as variáveis com maior capacidade de desencadear movimentos de reestruturação nessa indústria. No Brasil, a petroquímica foi implantada seguindo um modelo tripartite, com importante participação do Estado, via Petroquisa, que acabou por resultar em uma estrutura industrial fragmentada, de empresas monoprodutoras, diversa do padrão mundial do setor. Na década de 1990, a abertura da economia e a privatização, com redução expressiva da participação da Petroquisa, tornou manifesta a vulnerabilidade das empresas nacionais e a necessidade de reestruturação. A formação da Braskem e o retorno da Petrobras deram início ao processo de reorganização da petroquímica nacional. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar se o processo ocorrido no Brasil guarda semelhança com aqueles ocorridos em nível mundial, bem como identificar, utilizando-se de modelo das decisões de investimento nessa indústria baseado em determinadas driving forces, as principais estratégias da Braskem, maior player nacional, e da Petrobras, além dos desafios competitivos enfrentados pela petroquímica brasileira, associados à disponibilidade de matérias-primas, escoamento da oferta, mudanças tecnológicas, crescimento da demanda e políticas governamentais. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a reestruturação ocorrida, além de fortalecer a petroquímica brasileira, equacionou parte de suas fragilidades competitivas, adequando-a ao padrão mundial do setor. Seu crescimento está bastante vinculado ao mercado interno brasileiro e uma maior inserção no âmbito internacional demonstra hoje boas perspectivas de se concretizar, especialmente no continente americano, tanto pela via das exportações, quanto pela internacionalização das empresas nacionais, in casu, a Braskem. Apesar dos desafios que se apresentam, majorados pela crise financeira de 2008, essa indústria conseguiu alcançar melhores condições competitivas para seguir uma trajetória sustentada de crescimento.
Salvador
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Ronzitti, E. "NANOBIOPHOTONICS APPROACHES TOWARDS ADVANCED BIOIMAGING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/155507.

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Due to its nature, imaging is dependent on data visualization. More specifically, when dealing with optical microscopy imaging, diffraction limited spatial resolution and the presence of out-of-focus contributions are two of the key elements for the generation of 4D (x,y,z,t) data sets oriented to study molecular processes at the nanoscale. Within the medical nanotechnology scenario, optical fluorescence techniques have a pivotal role thanks to their non invasive capability to address biological questions in three dimensions with a remarkable capability to distinguish fine details, tremendously improved up to the nanoscale level in the last decade. Within this scenario, this Thesis concerns the study and the development of advanced fluorescence optical methods for the improvement of the imaging capability and a better exploitation of its potentialities. Two approaches have been followed in fluorescence microscopy to gather information, namely: a direct diffraction-limited observation of the sample allowed by the optical architecture and the analysis of those fluorescence signals particularly sensitive to the environmental condition. Consequently, two strategies have been pursued to improve such capabilities. They are related to the design of novel optical arrangements utilizing light interferences pathways to improve the diffraction resolution limit and to the study of novel fluorescent molecules and/or fluorescent techniques which allows the investigations of subresolved molecular interactions. In particular, following a fluorescent probe approach, a nanostructured polyelectrolyte system has been designed to study the fluorescence quenching effect induced by specific quencher molecules on the fluorescence emission process. The realized system allows entrapping the fluorescent molecules and monitoring fluorescence signal variations to probe quencher metal ions at microrange concentrations, significantly higher with respect to the current fluorescent quenching based technologies. As well, following an optical approach, the interferences effect induced by structuring the illumination light with different masks have been studied, in order to improve some features of the imaging capability of the fluorescence microscope. In the Two-Photon Excitation (2PE) and in the Confocal Single Photon Laser Scanning Microscope, the insertion of a ring shaped mask in the illumination pathway is proposed to enhance the signal to noise ratio of the optical system at the high spatial frequencies. Since in these optical systems the transmission of the high spatial frequencies is particularly weak, such features allow to improve the overall practical capability of the confocal and 2PE system to distinguish fine details of the image. In the widefield microscope, the insertion of a periodic grid to structure the light has been investigated in order to confer a 3D optical sectioning capability comparable to that of the confocal microscope, with major advantages in terms of the efficient use of the light, simplicity of construction, speed of imaging acquisition, versatility, and low cost. The proposed scheme allows to quickly collect a pure sectioned image without any computational demodulation thanks to a novel optical architecture where both the illumination and the detection light is structured by a spinning grid.
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Books on the topic "FIR Filter Structure"

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Zhukov, Aleksey, Ekaterina Bobrova, Igor' Bessonov, and Elizaveta Mednikova. Energy efficiency of building systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1856852.

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The monograph summarizes and systematizes the results of experimental and theoretical studies of thermal insulation systems of building structures, technological facilities, transport facilities, and cold preservation. The criterion for the effectiveness of system insulation solutions is energy efficiency as a criterion for a comprehensive assessment, including both taking into account the direct reduction of energy costs during the operation of insulation shells, and the costs of installation, maintenance of structures in working condition, evaluation of the operational resistance of materials and durability of system solutions as a whole. Modern types of thermal insulation materials based on gas-filled plastics, foamed glass, foamed rubber and products based on mineral fibers are considered: stone wool, glass wool and glass fiber, basalt fiber. It is intended for researchers, specialists in the field of materials science, technologists — developers of new types of thermal insulation materials and constructors, designing products from them, as well as for teachers and university students. It can be useful for a wide range of people interested in construction and energy saving problems.
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Novikov, Anatoliy, Tat'yana Solodkaya, Aleksandr Lazerson, and Viktor Polyak. Econometric modeling in the GRETL package. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1732940.

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The tutorial describes the capabilities of the GRETL statistical package for computer data analysis and econometric modeling based on spatial data and time series. Using concrete economic examples, GRETL considers classical and generalized models of linear and nonlinear regression, methods for detecting and eliminating multicollinearity, models with variable structure, autoregressive processes, methods for testing and eliminating autocorrelation, as well as discrete choice models and systems of simultaneous equations. For the convenience of users, the tutorial contains all the task data files used in the work in the format .GDTs are collected in an application in the cloud so that users have access to them. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation in the disciplines of "Econometrics" and "Econometric modeling". For students and teachers of economic universities in the field of Economics, as well as researchers who use econometric methods to model socio-economic phenomena and processes.
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Atkinson, Lee. Paradox for Windows: Developer's guide. Carmel, Ind: Sams Pub., 1992.

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Besharov, Marya L., and Shelley L. Brickson. Organizational Identity and Institutional Forces. Edited by Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.2.

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The existing literature offers divergent perspectives on the intersection between organizational identity (OI) and institutional forces. Some studies suggest that OI is socially constructed by organizational members, while others describe OI as highly constrained by institutional forces. Still others imply that OI serves as a filter influencing how members interpret institutional forces. We review and strive to integrate these varied perspectives. To do so, we distinguish between the content and structure of both OI and institutional forces. We suggest that the degree to which the content of institutional forces influences the content of OI resides along a continuum between institutional constraint and member agency. Further, we suggest that structural features of OI and institutional forces may act as filters that influence where along this continuum OI construction falls. Beyond integrating existing literature, this approach opens up new directions for research at the intersection of OI and institutional theory.
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Chaves, Rui P., and Michael T. Putnam. Unbounded Dependency Constructions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784999.001.0001.

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This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human communication systems: the fact that words which go together in meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. The kind of long-distance dependency that this volume is concerned with has been the subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array of constraints which have defied characterization and a proper explanation. For example, there are filler-gap dependencies in which the filler phrase is a plural phrase formed from the combination of each of the extracted phrases, and there are filler-gap constructions in which the filler phrase itself contains a gap that is linked to another filler phrase. What is more, different types of filler-gap dependency can compound, in the same sentence. Conversely, not all kinds of filler-gap dependencies are equally licit; some are robustly ruled out by the grammar whereas others have a less clear status because they have graded acceptability and can be made to improve in ideal contexts and conditions. This work provides a detailed survey of these linguistic phenomena and extant accounts, while also incorporating new experimental evidence to shed light on why the phenomena are the way they are and what important research on this topic lies ahead.
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Fanselow, Gisbert. Syntactic and Prosodic Reflexes of Information Structure in Germanic. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.40.

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This chapter deals with syntactic and prosodic reflexes of information structure in the Germanic languages. It begins with an overview of givenness and word order variation in the TP, along with aboutness topics and the prosodic prominence of topics and foci. It then considers the postulation of a focus head in Germanic and how contrast seems to intensify the acoustic properties of topics and foci. It shows how the left edge of verb second clauses acts as a slot for placing contrastive elements in all Germanic languages, but that the position is also filled on purely formal grounds. The article also describes the conditions of information structure that decide whether an XP can go to the position preceding the finite verb/auxiliary in the verb second (V2) constructions. Finally, it discusses two types of V2 constructions: unrestricted V2 constructions and pragmatically restricted V2 constructions.
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Kumpitsch, Luisa. Life in plastic isn‘t fantastic Macroplastic effects on blue mussel aggregates in the inlet of Kerteminde Fjord, Denmark. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.409.

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Marine litter is a problem that effects a lot of different marine species, from mammals to invertebrates. It can have several destructing effects on marine ecosystems and is occurring on a global scale. The aim of my research in Kerteminde, Denmark, was to understand potential physiological and structural effects of marine plastic debris (= macroplastic) on aggregates of the blue mussel species Mytilus spp. It is common among these animals to build aggregates in intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats. They provide several ecosystem services, like stabilizing the shoreline or providing habitat for other species. Blue mussels are filter-feeders and so contributing to bioremediation, which is a key capacity to remove wastes from marine ecosystems. Considering the ecosystem services mussel aggregates provide, it is crucial to understand any factors that could harm this structure. My focus laid on the effects of rigid and soft macroplastic films, i.e. bottles and bags, as they represent common marine litter worldwide. I found that macroplastic indeed affects the structure of blue mussel aggregates. My project was part of a global study, organized by GEOMAR Kiel, where Master students from six countries conducted the same experiments to compare macroplastic effects on a global scale. I would like to thank the GAME program at GEOMAR Kiel for financing my research as wells as Dr. Mark Lenz for the organization of the project. Moreover, I want to thank the Marine Biological Research Center in Kerteminde for hosting me during my research.
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Speyer, Augustin, and Helmut Weiß. The prefield after the Old High German period. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0005.

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The filling of the prefield in Modern German is determined by information-structural constraints such as scene-setting, contrastiveness, and topichood. While OHG does not yet show competition between these constraints, competition arises from MHG onward. This has to do with the generalization of the V2 constraint (i.e. the one-constituent property of the prefield) for declarative clauses, in which context the information-structural constraints are loosened. The syntactic change whose result eventually was the loss of multiple XP fronting comprised a change of the feature endowment of C because the fronting of expletive thô (roughly in the OHG of the ninth century) led to the reanalysis of XP fronting as a semantically vacuous movement whose only function is to check the EPP feature of C. Data from doubly filled prefields in ENHG and post-initial connectives indicate that an articulated split CP-structure, as proposed within the cartographic approach, is also at play in German.
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Winkler, Nicole S. Duct Ectasia. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0043.

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Duct ectasia is a term used to describe benign dilation of fluid-filled mammary ducts. Duct ectasia is characterized by tubular fluid-filled structures >2 mm in diameter that are commonly bilateral and subareolar in location. Ductal dilation is due to weakened wall elasticity that occurs with age. The ducts fill with secretions that may result in intermittent nipple discharge or chronic inflammation. When duct ectasia involves multiple ducts bilaterally, it can be dismissed on screening mammography; however, a solitary dilated duct should be further evaluated, given the potential for associated non-calcified DCIS. This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin, and lymph nodes, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for duct ectasia. Topics discussed include solitary dilated duct, nipple discharge, and sonographic evaluation of ducts.
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Andrle, Michal, Andrew Berg, R. Armando Morales, Rafael Portillo, and Jan Vlcek. On the Sources of Inflation in Kenya. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0015.

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The authors develop a semi-structural, New Keynesian open-economy model with separate food and non-food inflation dynamics to study the sources of inflation in Kenya in recent years. They filter international and Kenyan data through the model to recover a model-based decomposition of most variables into trends (or potential values) and temporary movements (or gaps), including for the international and domestic relative price of food. The filtration exercise helps recover the sequence of domestic and foreign macroeconomic shocks that account for business cycle dynamics in Kenya over the last few years, with a special emphasis on the various factors (international food prices, monetary policy) driving inflation. The authors find that while imported food price shocks have been an important source of inflation, both in 2008 and more recently, accommodating monetary policy has also played a role, most notably through its effect on the nominal exchange rate.
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Book chapters on the topic "FIR Filter Structure"

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Sutthikarn, Pemmavit, Sorawat Chivapreecha, and Akraphon Trirat. "A Tunable Multiple Outputs FIR Filter Structure Realization." In 10th International Conference on Robotics, Vision, Signal Processing and Power Applications, 615–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6447-1_78.

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Nakano-Miyatake, Mariko, and Hector Perez-Meana. "A fast orthogonalized FIR adaptive filter structure using recurrent hopfield-like network." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 478–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0098205.

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Wang, Jun, and Junsheng Jiao. "Implementation of Beamforming for Large-Scale Circular Array Sonar Based on Parallel FIR Filter Structure in FPGA." In Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, 59–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05234-8_8.

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Khan, Muhammad N., Syed K. Hasnain, and Mohsin Jamil. "Structure for FIR and IIR Filters." In Digital Signal Processing, 305–57. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003337935-7.

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Najim, Mohamed, and Eric Grivel. "Structures of FIR and IIR Filters." In Digital Filters Design for Signal and Image Processing, 191–232. London, UK: ISTE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470612064.ch7.

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Dąbrowski, Adam, and Rafał Długosz. "Chip Area Estimation for SC FIR Filter Structures in CMOS Technology." In Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 143–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5651-0_22.

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harris, fredric j. "Cascade and Multiple Stage Filter Structures." In Multirate Signal Processing for Communication Systems, 437–70. 2nd ed. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003338888-13.

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Han, Lin-Hai, Dennis Lam, and David A. Nethercot. "Fire-Resistance Design." In Design Guide for Concrete-Filled Double Skin Steel Tubular Structures, 67–72. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, [2019]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429440410-5.

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Makimoto, Mitsuo, and Sadahiko Yamashita. "Basic Structure and Characteristics of SIR." In Microwave Resonators and Filters for Wireless Communication, 11–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04325-7_2.

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Edwards, M. "A re-evaluation of the fire performance of unprotected concrete filled SHS columns." In Tubular Structures VI, 299–306. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203735015-44.

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Conference papers on the topic "FIR Filter Structure"

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Gopi, B., K. Umapathy, E. Sivanantham, P. Epsiba, and S. Mohan Kumar. "An efficient design for FIR filter transposed structure." In 11TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (AIC) 2021: On Sciences and Engineering. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110836.

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Chen, Wangqian, Mo Huang, and Xin Lou. "Sparse FIR Filter Design Based on Cascaded Compensation Structure." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2019.8702703.

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Jeevita, N. M., Salomie Elezabeth John, Neha Singh, and Sriadibhatla Sridevi. "Fir filter implementation using compressor based adder-tree structure." In 2017 International conference on Microelectronic Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICMDCS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmdcs.2017.8211694.

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Gaygole, Apurva, and Yashwant Joshi. "Fixed point error analysis of FIR canonic lattice filter structure." In 2015 International Conference on Information Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infop.2015.7489403.

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Lei, Mengxue, and Zhongsong Ma. "Design of high-speed FIR filter with distributed parallel structure." In 2016 IEEE Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec.2016.7560413.

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Meena, Kripa, and Tarun Kumar Rawat. "Hybrid structure for odd order variable fractional-delay FIR filter." In 2014 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsp.2014.6950056.

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Singh, Tourangbam Harishore, Keisham Pritamdas, and Romesh Laishram. "Low power VLSI transposed structure FIR filter using shift/add architecture." In 2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct.2017.8226290.

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Annangi, Swetha, and Ravisankar Puli. "ASIC implementation of efficient 16-parallel fast FIR algorithm filter structure." In 2017 8th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt.2017.8204189.

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Jovanovic-Dolecek, G., and S. K. Mitra. "Multiplier-free FIR filter design based on IFIR structure and rounding." In 48th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2005.1594162.

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Jeong, Jinsoo, and Kah Yee Cheong. "Estimate analysis of adaptive FIR filter on applications of minimum phase filter in beamforming structure." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber.2012.6392578.

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Reports on the topic "FIR Filter Structure"

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Rossi, José Luiz, José Eduardo Gonçalves de Sousa, and Jose Alejandro Gutiérrez Briceño. Minding the Output Gap: A Hamilton Filter Approach and Updated Estimates for the Brazilian Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004981.

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This paper develops an alternative approach for estimating the potential output and the output gap, intending to serve as a good balance between a simple low data requiring method and a powerful but complex structural approach. We rely on the Hamiltons Regression Filter properties to generate a statistically robust estimator of the potential Gross Domestic Product level which overcomes the problems associated to the Hodrick-Prescott filter and improves the Production Function Approach (PFA). Furthermore, we use this methodology to update the estimates of the potential output and output gap for the Brazilian economy.
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Hernandez-Abrams, Darixa, Bruce Pruitt, Samantha Wiest, and S. McKay. Stormwater management practices, monitoring, and maintenance plan for US Army Garrison at West Point, NY. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46933.

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Structural stormwater management practices (SMPs) are designed and installed with the goal of reducing runoff and improving water quality through a variety of built (e.g., underground chamber and filter systems), nature-based and natural features (e.g., rain gardens, swales). In compliance with Section 402 of the US Clean Water Act (CWA), US Army Garrisons at West Point MS4 operators are required to obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit or a New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES). These permits require development of stormwater management plans to reduce pollutants to meet the appropriate water quality standards. Over 62 structural SMPs have been installed at the US Army Garrison (USAG) to meet permit requirements. Monitoring and maintenance are essential to maintain and understand the effectiveness of these structures, track their maintenance needs, and improve their function. This document provides guidance for conducting stormwater management practice, inspection, and maintenance at the United States Army Garrison at West Point. The objectives are to inform installation managers on general SMP functions and designs, highlight key maintenance triggers affecting SMP functionality, and provide guidance on when and how to conduct inspections and maintenance actions specific to USAG SMPs and in accordance to NYS DEC.
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Patel, Reena. Complex network analysis for early detection of failure mechanisms in resilient bio-structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41042.

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Bio-structures owe their remarkable mechanical properties to their hierarchical geometrical arrangement as well as heterogeneous material properties. This dissertation presents an integrated, interdisciplinary approach that employs computational mechanics combined with flow network analysis to gain fundamental insights into the failure mechanisms of high performance, light-weight, structured composites by examining the stress flow patterns formed in the nascent stages of loading for the rostrum of the paddlefish. The data required for the flow network analysis was generated from the finite element analysis of the rostrum. The flow network was weighted based on the parameter of interest, which is stress in the current study. The changing kinematics of the structural system was provided as input to the algorithm that computes the minimum-cut of the flow network. The proposed approach was verified using two classical problems three- and four-point bending of a simply-supported concrete beam. The current study also addresses the methodology used to prepare data in an appropriate format for a seamless transition from finite element binary database files to the abstract mathematical domain needed for the network flow analysis. A robust, platform-independent procedure was developed that efficiently handles the large datasets produced by the finite element simulations. Results from computational mechanics using Abaqus and complex network analysis are presented.
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Weinstein, S. J., and T. E. Lippert. Smart structures for application in ceramic barrier filter technology. Final report, August 1991--August 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/206439.

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Bhat, M. R., ed. Procedures manual for the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5262270.

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Wang, Z., U. Hahn, R. Dejus, and T. Kuzay. Thermal and structural behavior of filters and windows for synchrotron x-ray sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/97302.

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Clark, Todd E., Gergely Ganics, and Elmar Mertens. Constructing fan charts from the ragged edge of SPF forecasts. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202236.

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We develop a model that permits the estimation of a term structure of both expectations and forecast uncertainty for application to professional forecasts such as the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF). Our approach exactly replicates a given data set of predictions from the SPF (or a similar forecast source) without measurement error. Our model captures fixed horizon and fixed-event forecasts, and can accommodate changes in the maximal forecast horizon available from the SPF. The model casts a decomposition of multi-period forecast errors into a sequence of forecast updates that may be partially unobserved, resulting in a multivariate unobserved components model. In our empirical analysis, we provide quarterly term structures of expectations and uncertainty bands. Our preferred specification features stochastic volatility in forecast updates, which improves forecast performance and yields model estimates of forecast uncertainty that vary over time. We conclude by constructing SPF-based fan charts for calendar-year forecasts like those published by the Federal Reserve. Replication files are available at https://github.com/elmarmertens/ClarkGanicsMertensSPFfancharts.
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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.

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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.
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Tuli, J. K. Evaluated nuclear structure data file: A manual for preparation of data sets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6397982.

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TULI, J. K. EVALUATED NUCLEAR STRUCTURE DATA FILE -- A MANUAL FOR PREPARATION OF DATA SETS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/779777.

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