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1
Zhukov, Aleksey, Ekaterina Bobrova, Igor' Bessonov, and Elizaveta Mednikova. Energy efficiency of building systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1856852.
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The monograph summarizes and systematizes the results of experimental and theoretical studies of thermal insulation systems of building structures, technological facilities, transport facilities, and cold preservation.
The criterion for the effectiveness of system insulation solutions is energy efficiency as a criterion for a comprehensive assessment, including both taking into account the direct reduction of energy costs during the operation of insulation shells, and the costs of installation, maintenance of structures in working condition, evaluation of the operational resistance of materials and durability of system solutions as a whole.
Modern types of thermal insulation materials based on gas-filled plastics, foamed glass, foamed rubber and products based on mineral fibers are considered: stone wool, glass wool and glass fiber, basalt fiber.
It is intended for researchers, specialists in the field of materials science, technologists — developers of new types of thermal insulation materials and constructors, designing products from them, as well as for teachers and university students. It can be useful for a wide range of people interested in construction and energy saving problems.
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Novikov, Anatoliy, Tat'yana Solodkaya, Aleksandr Lazerson, and Viktor Polyak. Econometric modeling in the GRETL package. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1732940.
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The tutorial describes the capabilities of the GRETL statistical package for computer data analysis and econometric modeling based on spatial data and time series. Using concrete economic examples, GRETL considers classical and generalized models of linear and nonlinear regression, methods for detecting and eliminating multicollinearity, models with variable structure, autoregressive processes, methods for testing and eliminating autocorrelation, as well as discrete choice models and systems of simultaneous equations.
For the convenience of users, the tutorial contains all the task data files used in the work in the format .GDTs are collected in an application in the cloud so that users have access to them.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation in the disciplines of "Econometrics" and "Econometric modeling".
For students and teachers of economic universities in the field of Economics, as well as researchers who use econometric methods to model socio-economic phenomena and processes.
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Atkinson, Lee. Paradox for Windows: Developer's guide. Carmel, Ind: Sams Pub., 1992.
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Besharov, Marya L., and Shelley L. Brickson. Organizational Identity and Institutional Forces. Edited by Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.2.
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The existing literature offers divergent perspectives on the intersection between organizational identity (OI) and institutional forces. Some studies suggest that OI is socially constructed by organizational members, while others describe OI as highly constrained by institutional forces. Still others imply that OI serves as a filter influencing how members interpret institutional forces. We review and strive to integrate these varied perspectives. To do so, we distinguish between the content and structure of both OI and institutional forces. We suggest that the degree to which the content of institutional forces influences the content of OI resides along a continuum between institutional constraint and member agency. Further, we suggest that structural features of OI and institutional forces may act as filters that influence where along this continuum OI construction falls. Beyond integrating existing literature, this approach opens up new directions for research at the intersection of OI and institutional theory.
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Chaves, Rui P., and Michael T. Putnam. Unbounded Dependency Constructions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784999.001.0001.
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This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human communication systems: the fact that words which go together in meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. The kind of long-distance dependency that this volume is concerned with has been the subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array of constraints which have defied characterization and a proper explanation. For example, there are filler-gap dependencies in which the filler phrase is a plural phrase formed from the combination of each of the extracted phrases, and there are filler-gap constructions in which the filler phrase itself contains a gap that is linked to another filler phrase. What is more, different types of filler-gap dependency can compound, in the same sentence. Conversely, not all kinds of filler-gap dependencies are equally licit; some are robustly ruled out by the grammar whereas others have a less clear status because they have graded acceptability and can be made to improve in ideal contexts and conditions. This work provides a detailed survey of these linguistic phenomena and extant accounts, while also incorporating new experimental evidence to shed light on why the phenomena are the way they are and what important research on this topic lies ahead.
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Fanselow, Gisbert. Syntactic and Prosodic Reflexes of Information Structure in Germanic. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.40.
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This chapter deals with syntactic and prosodic reflexes of information structure in the Germanic languages. It begins with an overview of givenness and word order variation in the TP, along with aboutness topics and the prosodic prominence of topics and foci. It then considers the postulation of a focus head in Germanic and how contrast seems to intensify the acoustic properties of topics and foci. It shows how the left edge of verb second clauses acts as a slot for placing contrastive elements in all Germanic languages, but that the position is also filled on purely formal grounds. The article also describes the conditions of information structure that decide whether an XP can go to the position preceding the finite verb/auxiliary in the verb second (V2) constructions. Finally, it discusses two types of V2 constructions: unrestricted V2 constructions and pragmatically restricted V2 constructions.
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Kumpitsch, Luisa. Life in plastic isn‘t fantastic Macroplastic effects on blue mussel aggregates in the inlet of Kerteminde Fjord, Denmark. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.409.
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Marine litter is a problem that effects a lot of different marine species, from mammals to invertebrates. It can have several destructing effects on marine ecosystems and is occurring on a global scale. The aim of my research in Kerteminde, Denmark, was to understand potential physiological and structural effects of marine plastic debris (= macroplastic) on aggregates of the blue mussel species Mytilus spp. It is common among these animals to build aggregates in intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats. They provide several ecosystem services, like stabilizing the shoreline or providing habitat for other species. Blue mussels are filter-feeders and so contributing to bioremediation, which is a key capacity to remove wastes from marine ecosystems. Considering the ecosystem services mussel aggregates provide, it is crucial to understand any factors that could harm this structure. My focus laid on the effects of rigid and soft macroplastic films, i.e. bottles and bags, as they represent common marine litter worldwide. I found that macroplastic indeed affects the structure of blue mussel aggregates. My project was part of a global study, organized by GEOMAR Kiel, where Master students from six countries conducted the same experiments to compare macroplastic effects on a global scale. I would like to thank the GAME program at GEOMAR Kiel for financing my research as wells as Dr. Mark Lenz for the organization of the project. Moreover, I want to thank the Marine Biological Research Center in Kerteminde for hosting me during my research.
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Speyer, Augustin, and Helmut Weiß. The prefield after the Old High German period. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0005.
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The filling of the prefield in Modern German is determined by information-structural constraints such as scene-setting, contrastiveness, and topichood. While OHG does not yet show competition between these constraints, competition arises from MHG onward. This has to do with the generalization of the V2 constraint (i.e. the one-constituent property of the prefield) for declarative clauses, in which context the information-structural constraints are loosened. The syntactic change whose result eventually was the loss of multiple XP fronting comprised a change of the feature endowment of C because the fronting of expletive thô (roughly in the OHG of the ninth century) led to the reanalysis of XP fronting as a semantically vacuous movement whose only function is to check the EPP feature of C. Data from doubly filled prefields in ENHG and post-initial connectives indicate that an articulated split CP-structure, as proposed within the cartographic approach, is also at play in German.
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Winkler, Nicole S. Duct Ectasia. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0043.
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Duct ectasia is a term used to describe benign dilation of fluid-filled mammary ducts. Duct ectasia is characterized by tubular fluid-filled structures >2 mm in diameter that are commonly bilateral and subareolar in location. Ductal dilation is due to weakened wall elasticity that occurs with age. The ducts fill with secretions that may result in intermittent nipple discharge or chronic inflammation. When duct ectasia involves multiple ducts bilaterally, it can be dismissed on screening mammography; however, a solitary dilated duct should be further evaluated, given the potential for associated non-calcified DCIS. This chapter, appearing in the section on nipple, skin, and lymph nodes, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for duct ectasia. Topics discussed include solitary dilated duct, nipple discharge, and sonographic evaluation of ducts.
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Andrle, Michal, Andrew Berg, R. Armando Morales, Rafael Portillo, and Jan Vlcek. On the Sources of Inflation in Kenya. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0015.
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The authors develop a semi-structural, New Keynesian open-economy model with separate food and non-food inflation dynamics to study the sources of inflation in Kenya in recent years. They filter international and Kenyan data through the model to recover a model-based decomposition of most variables into trends (or potential values) and temporary movements (or gaps), including for the international and domestic relative price of food. The filtration exercise helps recover the sequence of domestic and foreign macroeconomic shocks that account for business cycle dynamics in Kenya over the last few years, with a special emphasis on the various factors (international food prices, monetary policy) driving inflation. The authors find that while imported food price shocks have been an important source of inflation, both in 2008 and more recently, accommodating monetary policy has also played a role, most notably through its effect on the nominal exchange rate.
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Clift, Ben. Ideational Change at the IMF after the Crash. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813088.003.0002.
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This chapter advances the case for a Constructivist Institutionalist (CI) approach to the analysis of ideational change, making the case for ‘bricolage’ rather than paradigm shifts. It foregrounds actors’ cognitive and ideational filters, underlining the importance of how Fund staff see themselves and their role. The analysis charts key facets of the Fund’s internal workings, including its hierarchical nature, internal review processes, and how internal interactions are evolving. The complexities of institutional mediation leads to the sedimented but ongoing influence of multiple economic ideas. Four mechanisms of IMF ideational change—reconciliation, operationalization, corroboration, and authoritative recognition—are identified to explain which ideas come to prevail, why and how. Ideas need to be framed and packaged to jump through the hoops of internal social recognition. The chapter delineates the permissive conditions necessary for key actors to navigate internal power structures to effect ideational change.
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Bidese, Ermenegildo, and Alessandra Tomaselli. Developing pro-drop. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815853.003.0003.
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The syntax of Cimbrian, a Germanic heritage language, is at a peculiar developmental stage: on the one hand it has lost the V2 linear restriction, but still maintains both pronominal subject inversion and a residual root-embedded word order asymmetry; on the other, it is characterized by both ‘free’ subject inversion (VP DP) and the systematic violation of the ‘that-trace’ filter, but does not allow null subjects (NSs). This specific mixture of both V2- and pro-drop properties gives us an opportunity to revisit the traditional assumption that Germanic V2 is incompatible with full pro-drop. In this work, we propose that the development of pro-drop crucially depends on the loss of V-to-Fin movement and, consequently, on the lowering of structural subject agreement within TP so that the whole complex process of feature sharing (KEEP, SHARE, DONATE) between C and I is restructured, changing from a C-dominant system to an I-dominant system.
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Poehler, Eric E. The Traffic Systems of Pompeii. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614676.003.0006.
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If each piece of evidence of traffic records the thousands of times a Pompeian cart driver made the same choice as the drivers before him and his intent to do so, to what do all these moments of shared intent add up across the breadth of an entire city? Chapter 6 combines all this disparate but diagnostic evidence for the directional movement of traffic to document the existence of a system, or rather evolving and overlapping systems, that once governed the behaviors of Pompeian cart drivers. To describe these systems and how they functioned, the totality of the data is considered through several filters including structural (the shape of the street network), directional (the evidence for two-way and one-way streets), and chronological (the evolution of the system over time) approaches.
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Coogan, David. Writing Your Way to Freedom. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037702.003.0004.
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This chapter details how the use of a biography-based writing workshop helps imprisoned authors think about their pasts, reframe their presents, and construct new possible futures. It explores the deeper communication issues that structure narratives of criminality and violence but that also, when addressed truthfully, enable imprisoned men to begin to author new lives. The chapter contextualizes the men's autobiographies within the larger field of prison writing since the 1970s—particularly, the emergent genre of prison autobiography. The discussion is limited to work published by men primarily because the workshops examined here are filled with men. However, the process of crafting new selves via autobiographical writing is not inherently different for men and women any more than it is for black or white prisoners.
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Hilgurt, S. Ya, and O. A. Chemerys. Reconfigurable signature-based information security tools of computer systems. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.458.297.
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The book is devoted to the research and development of methods for combining computational structures for reconfigurable signature-based information protection tools for computer systems and networks in order to increase their efficiency. Network security tools based, among others, on such AI-based approaches as deep neural networking, despite the great progress shown in recent years, still suffer from nonzero recognition error probability. Even a low probability of such an error in a critical infrastructure can be disastrous. Therefore, signature-based recognition methods with their theoretically exact matching feature are still relevant when creating information security systems such as network intrusion detection systems, antivirus, anti-spam, and wormcontainment systems. The real time multi-pattern string matching task has been a major performance bottleneck in such systems. To speed up the recognition process, developers use a reconfigurable hardware platform based on FPGA devices. Such platform provides almost software flexibility and near-ASIC performance. The most important component of a signature-based information security system in terms of efficiency is the recognition module, in which the multipattern matching task is directly solved. It must not only check each byte of input data at speeds of tens and hundreds of gigabits/sec against hundreds of thousand or even millions patterns of signature database, but also change its structure every time a new signature appears or the operating conditions of the protected system change. As a result of the analysis of numerous examples of the development of reconfigurable information security systems, three most promising approaches to the construction of hardware circuits of recognition modules were identified, namely, content-addressable memory based on digital comparators, Bloom filter and Aho–Corasick finite automata. A method for fast quantification of components of recognition module and the entire system was proposed. The method makes it possible to exclude resource-intensive procedures for synthesizing digital circuits on FPGAs when building complex reconfigurable information security systems and their components. To improve the efficiency of the systems under study, structural-level combinational methods are proposed, which allow combining into single recognition device several matching schemes built on different approaches and their modifications, in such a way that their advantages are enhanced and disadvantages are eliminated. In order to achieve the maximum efficiency of combining methods, optimization methods are used. The methods of: parallel combining, sequential cascading and vertical junction have been formulated and investigated. The principle of multi-level combining of combining methods is also considered and researched. Algorithms for the implementation of the proposed combining methods have been developed. Software has been created that allows to conduct experiments with the developed methods and tools. Quantitative estimates are obtained for increasing the efficiency of constructing recognition modules as a result of using combination methods. The issue of optimization of reconfigurable devices presented in hardware description languages is considered. A modification of the method of affine transformations, which allows parallelizing such cycles that cannot be optimized by other methods, was presented. In order to facilitate the practical application of the developed methods and tools, a web service using high-performance computer technologies of grid and cloud computing was considered. The proposed methods to increase efficiency of matching procedure can also be used to solve important problems in other fields of science as data mining, analysis of DNA molecules, etc. Keywords: information security, signature, multi-pattern matching, FPGA, structural combining, efficiency, optimization, hardware description language.
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Falomo, Eniola T. Cyst/Abscess Aspiration. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0053.
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Aspiration is the process of draining a fluid-filled structure, such as a cyst or an abscess, and is typically performed under ultrasound guidance. Cyst aspiration can be done for symptomatic relief (in patients with associated pain or tenderness), and for cases of presumed cysts with sonographic features that are not entirely diagnostic of a cyst. In the latter case, aspiration is performed to help distinguish between a complicated cyst and a solid mass. This chapter, appearing in the section on interventions and surgical procedures, reviews the procedural protocols and pitfalls, clinical management, and imaging follow-up involved in a cyst or abscess aspiration procedure. Topics discussed include indications for performing a cyst or abscess drainage procedure, procedural steps, post-procedure follow-up, and appropriate management of complex masses.
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Bailey, Doug. Cutting the Ground. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190611873.003.0009.
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This chapter presents a detailed description, discussion, and reinterpretation of the Neolithic causewayed enclosure at Etton in southern Britain. Discussion focuses on the sequences of digging-filling-resurfacing-redigging at the site, and examines the differences between the ditches and the interior filled-pits, as well as the eastern and the western segments of the site, and the distribution of different categories and conditions of artifacts. One result is a rethinking of the existing understanding of the site as connected to structured deposition, ground stone artifacts, and human lives. The proposal is that the reader interprets the site as a textured surface that was cut, resurfaced, and then cut again. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the relevance of this rereading of Etton for our understanding of the pit-houses at Măgura and at similar sites.
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Sancak, Merve. Global Production, National Institutions, and Skill Formation. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860655.001.0001.
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This book examines the political economy of skill formation and discusses the implications of skill systems for the development of middle-income countries (MICs). While it has been argued that skills are critical for continuous and inclusive development of MICs, there has been no extensive research on the skill systems of MICs. The book addresses this gap. It studies how the national and global dynamics interact and influence skill systems in Mexico and Turkey, two key MICs. It examines how the governance structures in global auto parts-automotive chains (AACs) and national institutions in Mexico and Turkey affect the hiring, training, and employee-development practices of supplier firms from these countries (i.e. skilling strategies), and the outcomes of these practices for firms and workers. The book offers a multilevel analysis, which includes a study of macro-level national institutions, macro/meso-level AAC governance structures, and firm-level skilling practices. The research in the book relies on extensive primary data, which include face-to-face semistructured interviews with representatives of supplier firms from the two countries, and policymakers, experts, and representatives of labour unions and business associations. The book suggests that the state plays the main role in skill systems. Although global AACs put pressures on suppliers, these pressures are filtered by national institutions that are shaped by the state. The skill systems with higher state involvement are more accessible for workers and smaller firms. Therefore, the book argues that skill systems with higher state involvement are more likely to promote high-road development in MICs.
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McAlpine, Kenneth B. The Ultimate Soundtracker? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190496098.003.0006.
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In the early days of home computing, writing music was as much a technical as a creative process. This chapter explores how the launch of a software music package, Ultimate Soundtracker, for Commodore’s Amiga created a new, symbolic way to compose and edit music. It was sample-based and structured music using a grid-style interface that could be navigated using the computer keyboard, and its music files distributed both, making it easy to share—and copy—others’ musical ideas. This ‘open-source’ approach allowed nonprogrammers and nonmusicians to experiment with music making and for the sound to promulgate. This was also the period from which the term ‘chiptune’ emerged; the Amiga’s sample-based chipset allowed it to create other sounds beside raw electronic waveforms, and chiptune was used to highlight tracks written in the 8-bit sound chip style.
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Weiskopf, Daniel A. The Explanatory Autonomy of Cognitive Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685509.003.0003.
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Psychology and neuroscience offer distinctive ways of modeling the mind/brain. However, cognitive and neural models often have significantly different structures, raising challenging questions about how they should be integrated to provide a complete picture of how the mind/brain system is organized. According to a certain mechanistic perspective, cognitive models should be viewed as being sketchy, incomplete versions of the fuller and more adequate models produced by neuroscience. Psychology is essentially an approximation to the mechanistic explanations given in neuroscience. Cognitive models are inherently inadequate, pending their gaps being filled in by a completed neuroscientific model. I argue that cognitive models are autonomous: they are sufficient in themselves to give adequate explanations of psychological and behavioral phenomena. In particular, they are not mere sketches, or approximations to underlying neuroscientific explanations. I offer a criterion for how psychological entities and processes may be real despite not mapping onto entities in neural mechanisms.
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Kasabov, Nikola. Foundations of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Knowledge Engineering. The MIT Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3071.001.0001.
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In a clear and accessible style, Kasabov describes rule-based and connectionist techniques and then their combinations, with fuzzy logic included, showing the application of the different techniques to a set of simple prototype problems, which makes comparisons possible. A particularly strong feature of the text is that it is filled with applications in engineering, business, and finance. AI problems that cover most of the application-oriented research in the field (pattern recognition, speech and image processing, classification, planning, optimization, prediction, control, decision making, and game simulations) are discussed and illustrated with concrete examples. Intended both as a text for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as a reference for researchers in the field of knowledge engineering, Foundations of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Knowledge Engineering has chapters structured for various levels of teaching and includes original work by the author along with the classic material. Data sets for the examples in the book as well as an integrated software environment that can be used to solve the problems and do the exercises at the end of each chapter are available free through anonymous ftp. Bradford Books imprint
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Churchman, GJ, RW Fitzpatrick, and RA Eggleton, eds. Clays: Controlling the Environment. CSIRO Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104969.
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Proceedings of the 10th International Clays Conference, Adelaide, Australia, July 18 to 23, 1993.
Clays have provided us with the most active ingredients in soils, with building materials, with pottery and ceramics for both utility and decoration, and with coatings and fillers for paper, among other uses. The unique properties of these apparently everyday materials are being studied and used in an increasing range of industrial and environmental applications.
Clays: Controlling the Environment provides a valuable compendium of the latest results from the complete range of clay-related scientific research. It includes coverage of the economic and environmental issues as well as directions for further research and development in many vital and expanding industries. All papers in these proceedings were subject to peer review.
The topics discussed are:
Clays in industry and the environment
Surface and interlayer reactions
Clay mineral structures and chemistry
Methods of investigation
Clays in geology
Soil mineralogy
The emphasis of this book reflects the vital role that clays play in controlling natural, polluted and technological environments.
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Rodin, Gary, and Sarah Hales. Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190236427.001.0001.
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This text outlines the empirical research, theoretical underpinnings, and clinical application of a novel supportive-expressive psychotherapy for patients with metastatic cancer and their caregivers. Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully, known by its acronym of CALM, provides a framework for therapists with diverse backgrounds and training to help patients and their caregivers to address the practical and profound challenges of advanced cancer and to live their lives as meaningfully as possible. CALM provides reflective space for them to consider treatment decisions and communication with their health care providers, disruptions in identity, attachment security and the sense of meaning in their life, and to address fears, hopes, and concerns related to the end of life. Particular attention is paid in CALM to the regulation of affect, to the renegotiation of attachment relationships and to helping patients and their caregivers to sustain “double awareness” of the possibilities for living, while also managing their disease and planning for the end of life. Such an approach not only helps to prevent depression and death anxiety, but also helps to reclaim the loss of the imaginative possibilities for living in the context of all-consuming cancer care. The universal dimensions of advanced cancer and the semi-structured nature of CALM permit it to be delivered in the language and cultural idiom of cancer treatment settings in virtually all parts of the world. This text provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date description of the evidence base for CALM, its theoretical foundations and a manualized guide to its clinical application, filled with rich clinical illustrations.
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Atkinson, Mark, and Lee Atkinson. PARADOX for Windows Developer's Guide. Sams Publishing, 1993.
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Bjørnerheim, Reidar, Genevieve Derumeaux, and Andrzej Gackowski. Digital echocardiography laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0017.
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Modern digital echo laboratories are based on echo scanners working in a network with file server(s) and work-station computers for offline analysis and reporting. They may be based on vendor-specific software, but are preferably based on vendor-independent software solutions, being able to handle data from all brands of scanners. To enable analysis of advanced echocardiographic techniques, plug-ins for vendor-specific solutions should be integrated in the otherwise vendor-independent software. To obtain full efficiency, the system should be integrated with the hospital information system for patient demographics and scheduling, and the approved report should automatically be returned to the electronic patient record without the need for scanning or other handling by manpower. To obtain this, a variety of standards have been developed, most of them for medical imaging in general. Scanners of all major brands deliver data compatible with those standards, even if compatibility problems may occur. When the optimal solution for the individual organization has been established, running the echo lab changes significantly. Digital images are stored on safe repositories without quality loss and are available for viewing outside the echo lab. Offline measurements, structured reporting, education, research, quality control, and financial analyses are available. The lab becomes more efficient and cost-effective.
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LaCroix, Alison L., Jonathan S. Masur, Martha C. Nussbaum, and Laura Weinrib, eds. Cannons and Codes. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197509371.001.0001.
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War often appears to be definitionally outside the realm of structures such as law and literature. When we speak of war, we often understand it as incapable of being rendered into rules or words. Lawyers struggle to fit the horrors of the battlefield, the torture chamber, or the makeshift hospital filled with wounded and dying civilians into the framework of legible rules and shared understandings that law assumes and demands. In the West’s centuries-long effort to construct a formal law of war, the imperative has been to acknowledge the inhumanity of war while resisting the conclusion that it need therefore be without law. Writers, in contrast, seek to find the human within war—an individual story, perhaps even a moment of comprehension. Law and literature might in this way be said to share imperialist tendencies where war is concerned: toward extending their dominion to contain what might be uncontainable. This volume on war is the sixth in the University of Chicago Law School’s Law and Literature series. The papers are intended to address the many ways in which war affects human society and the many groups of people whose lives are affected by war. Some of the papers concern the lives of soldiers; others focus on civilians living in war zones who are caught up in the conflict; still others address themselves to the home front, far from the theater of war. By collecting such diverse perspectives within one volume, we hope to examine how literature has reflected the totalizing nature of war and the ways in which it distorts law across domains.
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Paga, Jessica. Building Democracy in Late Archaic Athens. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190083571.001.0001.
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In 508/7 B.C.E., after years of stasis and uncertainty, the city of Athens was rocked by a momentous occurrence: the passage of a series of reforms that resulted in the creation of what has come to be known as the world’s first democracy. Exactly how the Athenians did this is still a fundamental question 2,500 years later. This book provides a novel answer to these questions by considering the built environment broadly and monumental architecture specifically. The reforms transformed the very nature of what it meant to be Athenian and their far-reaching effects would come to leave their mark on nearly every aspect of society, including the structures at which they prayed and in which they debated legislation. This book investigates the built environment of ancient Athens precisely during this time, the Late Archaic period (ca. 514/13–480/79 B.C.E.). It was in these decades, filled with transition and disorder, that the Athenians transformed their political system from a tyranny to a democracy. Amidst concurrent sociopolitical changes, they altered the physical landscape and undertook the monumental articulation of the city and countryside. Interpreting the nature of the fledgling democracy from a material standpoint, this book approaches the questions and problems of the early political system through the lens of buildings. It draws attention to a pivotal period in Athenian political history through the built environment, thereby exposing the richness of the material record and illustrating how it participated in the creation of a new demotic Athenian identity.
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Moodie, Deonnie. The Making of a Modern Temple and a Hindu City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885267.001.0001.
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This book is about what temples do for Hindus in the modern era, particularly those who belong to India’s diverse and evolving middle classes. While many excoriate these sites as emblematic of all that is backward about Hinduism and India, many others work to modernize them so that they might become emblems of a proud heritage and of the nation’s future. I take Kālīghāṭ Temple, a powerful pilgrimage site dedicated to the dark goddess Kālī, in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) as a case study in the phenomenon by which middle-class Hindus work to modernize temples. At the height of the colonial era in the 1890s, they wrote books and articles attaching this temple to both rationalist and spiritual forms of Hinduism. In the middle decades of the twentieth century, they filed and adjudicated lawsuits to secularize and democratize its management structure. Today, in the wake of India’s economic liberalization, they work to gentrify Kālīghāṭ’s physical spaces. The conceptual, institutional, and physical forms of this religious site are thus facets through which middle-class Hindus produce and publicize their modernity, as well as their cities’ and their nation’s. The use of Kālīghāṭ as a means to modernization is by no means uncontested. The temple plays a very different role in the lives and livelihoods of individuals from across the class spectrum. The future of this and other temples across India thus relies on complex negotiations between actors of multiple class backgrounds who read their various needs onto these sites.
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Lysack, Krista. Chronometres. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836162.001.0001.
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What does it mean to feel time, to sense its passing along the sinews and nerves of the body as much as the synapses of the mind? And how do books, as material arrangements of print and paper, mediate such temporal experiences? Chronometres: Devotional Literature, Duration, and Victorian Reading is a study of the time-inflected reading practices of religious literature, the single largest market for print in Victorian Britain. It examines poetic cycles by John Keble, Alfred Tennyson, Christina Rossetti, and Frances Ridley Havergal; family prayer manuals, Sunday-reading books and periodicals; and devotional gift books and daily textbooks. Designed for diurnal and weekly reading, chronometrical literature tuned its readers’ attentions to the idea of Eternity and the everlasting peace of spiritual transcendence, but only in so far as it parcelled out reading into discrete increments that resembled the new industrial time-scales of factories and railway schedules. Chronometres thus takes up print culture, affect theory, and the religious turn in literary studies in order to explore the intersections between devotional practice and the condition of modernity. It argues that what defines Victorian devotional literature is the experience of its time signatures, those structures of feeling associated with its reading durations. For many Victorians, reading devotionally increasingly meant reading in regular portions and often according to the calendar and workday in contrast to the liturgical year. Keeping pace with the temporal measures of modernity, devotion became a routinized practice: a way of synchronizing the interior life of spirit with the exigencies of clock time. This kind of devotional observance coincided with the publication, between 1827 and 1890, of a diverse array of largely Protestant books and print that shared formal and material relationships to temporality. By dispensing devotion as daily or weekly doses of reading, chronometrical literature imagined and arranged time in relation to time’s materiality. But in so doing, it also left open temporal spaces that could be filled by readers, some of whom marked temporality through their own practices like annotation and scrapbooking, which publishers were then quick to emulate. Chronometrical literature likewise produced a host of embodied cognitions that could include moments of absorption but, equally, ones of boredom and mental drift. Such texts therefore did not necessarily discipline Victorian readers according to the demands of the clock or even of religious doctrine. For their regular yet malleable temporal arrangements also meant that readers might discover their own agencies and affects through encounters with print, such that devotional readers themselves came to participate in a reciprocal process of both reading and writing in time. Chronometres considers how the deliverances afforded through time-scaled reading are persistently materialized in the body, both that of the book and of the reader. Recognizing that literature and devotion are not timeless abstractions, it asks how the materiality of books, conceived as horological relationships through reading, might bring about the felt experience of time. Even as Victorian devotion invites us to tarry over the page, it also prompts the question: what if it is “Eternity” that keeps time with the clock?
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Unix System V/386 Release 3.2 Network Programmer's Guide, Issue 47. Prentice Hall, 1988.
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