Journal articles: 'FIR Filter Structure'

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GUSTAFSSON, OSCAR, HÅKAN JOHANSSON, and LARS WANHAMMAR. "SINGLE FILTER FREQUENCY-RESPONSE MASKING FIR FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 12, no. 05 (October 2003): 601–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126603001094.

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In this work filter structures that decrease the required number of multipliers and adders for implementation of linear-phase FIR filters using frequency-response masking techniques are introduced. The basic idea of the proposed structures is that identical subfilters are used. This leads to the same arithmetic structure can be multiplexed in the implementation, reducing the number of required multipliers and adders. The subfilters are mapped using the folding transformation to obtain an area-efficient time-multiplexed (or pipeline/interleaved) implementation. Both narrow-band and wide-band frequency-response masking as well as arbitrary bandwidth frequency-response masking techniques are considered. The filter design is discussed and for each filter structure the limits on the specifications are derived. Designed examples show the usefulness of the proposed structures.

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Shaik, Samdhani, and P. Balanagu. "Functional Verification Architecture Implementation for Power Optimized FIR Filter." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.20 (April 18, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.14780.

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Digital-filters are having universal for audio applications. So that, great digital-filter execution ought to be taken as an imperative for outline of audio system Applications. The utilization of accuracy with limited in Digital filters for speaking to signals which likewise contrast from that of simple filters as computerized filters utilizing a limited exactness number juggling for registering the filter reaction. Here, FIR-filter has been actualized in Xilinx ISE utilizing VERILOG dialect. VERILOG coding for FIR-filter has been actualized here too waveforms are additionally seen in the reproduction.Viper comprises of less weight as contrasted and multipliers as far as silicon territory and this plays a profitable in FIR structure. This paper has picked multipliers as stall and Wallace and the taken the adders as convey spare and convey skip. In this paper it needs to build up a RTL in the purpose of structures and check the usefulness of structures contrasted and playing out the union utilizing Xilinx synthesizer. The outcomes were thought about regarding region (LUT'S), power, deferral and memory for different fir structures.

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Petrovic, Predrag. "Possible solution of parallel FIR filter structure." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 2, no. 1 (2005): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0501021p.

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In this paper, a parallel form FIR adaptive filter structure with RLS (Recursive Least Squares) type adaptive algorithm is proposed. The proposed parallel form FIR structure consists of a recursive orthogonal transform stage and sparse FIR sub filters operating in parallel. The adaptive algorithm used to update coefficient vector of the sparse filters is implemented by using modified Hopfield networks. This structure implements the RLS-type adaptive algorithm, without an explicit matrix inversion avoiding numerical instability problems. Simulation results which show the desirable features of proposed structure are given.

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Mewada, Hiren K., and Jitendra Chaudhari. "Low computation digital down converter using polyphase IIR filter." Circuit World 45, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-02-2019-0015.

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Purpose The digital down converter (DDC) is a principal component in modern communication systems. The DDC process traditionally entails quadrature down conversion, bandwidth reducing filters and commensurate sample rate reduction. To avoid group delay, distortion linear phase FIR filters are used in the DDC. The filter performance specifications related to deep stopband attenuation, small in-band ripple and narrow transition bandwidth lead to filters with a large number of coefficients. To reduce the computational workload of the filtering process, filtering is often performed as a two-stage process, the first stage being a down sampling Hoegenauer (or cascade-integrated comb) filter and a reduced sample rate FIR filter. An alternative option is an M-Path polyphase partition of a band cantered FIR filter. Even though IIR filters offer reduced workload to implement a specific filtering task, the authors avoid using them because of their poor group delay characteristics. This paper aims to propose the design of M-path, approximately linear phase IIR filters as an alternative option to the M-path FIR filter. Design/methodology/approach Two filter designs are presented in the paper. The first approach uses linear phase IIR low pass structure to reduce the filter’s coefficient. Whereas the second approach uses multipath polyphase structure to design approximately linear phase IIR filter in DDC. Findings The authors have compared the performance and workload of the proposed polyphase structured IIR filters with state-of-the-art filter design used in DDC. The proposed design is seen to satisfy tight design specification with a significant reduction in arithmetic operations and required power consumption. Originality/value The proposed design is an alternate solution to the M-path polyphase FIR filter offering very less number of coefficients in the filter design. Proposed DDC using polyphase structured IIR filter satisfies the requirement of linear phase with the least number of computation cost in comparison with other DDC structure.

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Wen, Hui, and Shu Ming Li. "DSP-Based FIR Filter Design and Circular Buffer Implementation." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1755.

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The digital filter technology includes two aspects, which are the filter design process and filter realization. The article expounded the basic structure of FIR filter, with examples on the use Matlab to determine the FIR filter coefficient, analysis of the cycle of the buffer zone algorithm Principle, based on the algorithm, combination of filters designed to achieve the input of mixed-signal FIR digital filter. In the end, the filter is given before and after the input and output signal waveform simulation.

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Kaplun, Dmitry, Denis Butusov, Valerii Ostrovskii, Alexander Veligosha, and Vyacheslav Gulvanskii. "Optimization of the FIR Filter Structure in Finite Residue Field Algebra." Electronics 7, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120372.

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This paper introduces a method for optimizing non-recursive filtering algorithms. A mathematical model of a non-recursive digital filter is proposed and a performance estimation is given. A method for optimizing the structural implementation of the modular digital filter is described. The essence of the optimization is that by using the property of the residue ring and the properties of the symmetric impulse response of the filter, it is possible to obtain a filter having almost a half the length of the impulse response compared to the traditional modular filter. A difference equation is given by calculating the output sample of modules p1 … pn in the modified modular digital filter. The performance of the modular filters was compared with the performance of positional non-recursive filters implemented on a digital signal processor. An example of the estimation of the hardware costs is shown to be required for implementing a modular digital filter with a modified structure. This paper substantiates the expediency of applying the natural redundancy of finite field algebra codes on the example of the possibility to reduce hardware costs by a factor of two. It is demonstrated that the accuracy of data processing in the modular digital filter is higher than the accuracy achieved with the implementation of filters on digital processors. The accuracy advantage of the proposed approach is shown experimentally by the construction of the frequency response of the non-recursive low-pass filters.

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LIAN, YONG. "A MODIFIED FREQUENCY-RESPONSE MASKING STRUCTURE FOR HIGH-SPEED FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF SHARP FIR FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 12, no. 05 (October 2003): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126603001069.

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This paper presents the design and implementation of high-speed, multiplierless, arbitrary bandwidth sharp FIR filters based on frequency-response masking (FRM) technique. The FRM filter structure has been modified to improve the throughput rate by replacing long band-edge shaping filter in the original FRM approach with two to three cascaded short filters. The proposed structure is suitable for FPGA as well as VLSI implementation for sharp digital FIR filters. It is shown by an example that a near 200-tap equivalent Remez FIR filter can be implemented in a single Xilinx XC4044XLA device that operates at sampling frequency of 5.5 MHz.

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Petraglia, M. R., and S. K. Mitra. "Adaptive FIR filter structure based on the generalized subband decomposition of FIR filters." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 40, no. 6 (June 1993): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.277880.

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Aparna, A., and T. Vigneswaran. "DESIGN OF HIGH PERFORMANCE MULTIPLIERLESS LINEAR PHASE FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 13 (April 1, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s1.19564.

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This research work proposes the finite impulse response (FIR) filters design using distributed arithmetic architecture optimized for field programmable gate array. To implement computationally efficient, low power, high-speed FIR filter a two-dimensional fully pipelined structure is used. The FIR filter is dynamically reconfigured to realize low pass and high pass filter by changing the filter coefficients. The FIR filter is most fundamental components in digital signal processing for high-speed application. The aim of this research work is to design multiplier-less FIR filter for the requirements of low power and high speed various embedded applications.

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Jain, Ekta H., and Chandu N. Bhoyar. "Implementation of High Speed Operating FIR Filter with DA Algorithm Comparing Results with MAC Algorithm and Simple FIR Filter Result." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v2i4.204.

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Recent years there has been a increasing trend to implement digital signal processing functions in Field ProgrammableGate Array (FPGA). therefor, we need to put great effort in designing efficient architectures for digital signal processing functionssuch as FIR filters, which are widely used in audio and video signal processing, telecommunications etc. We are going to present amethod for implementing high speed Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters using MAC (MULTIPLY AND ACCUMULATE) andDistributed Arithmetic (DA) method. MAC is a conventional FIR filter In these method adders, multipliers and delay elements areused. Distributed Arithmetic (DA) has been used to implement a bit-serial scheme of a general symmetric version of an FIR filter dueto its high stability and linearity by taking optimal advantage of the look-up table (LUT) based structure of FPGAs. The performanceof the DA technique for FIR filter design is analyzed and the results are compared to the MAC design technique.

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Petrosian, Ruslan, Vladyslav Chukhov, and Arsen Petrosian. "Development of a method for synthesis the FIR filters with a cascade structure based on genetic algorithm." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 2(60) (July 31, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.237271.

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The object of research is the process of digital signal processing. The subject of research is methods of synthesis of digital filters with a finite impulse response based on a genetic algorithm. Digital filtering is one of the tasks of digital signal processing. FIR filters are always stable and provide a constant group delay. There are various methods for synthesizing digital filters, but they are all aimed at synthesizing filters with a direct structure. One of the most problematic areas of a digital filter with a direct structure in digital processing is the high sensitivity of the filter characteristics to inaccuracies in setting the filter coefficients. Genetic algorithm-based filter synthesis methods use an ideal filter as the approximated filter. This approach has a number of disadvantages: it complicates the search for an optimal solution; computation time increases. The study used random search method, which is the basis of genetic algorithm (used for solving optimization problems); theory of digital filtering in filter analysis; numerical methods for modeling in a Python program. Prepared synthesis method FIR filter with the cascade structure, which is less sensitive to the effect of finite bit width. Computation time was reduced. This is due to the fact that the proposed method searches for the most suitable filter coefficients based on a genetic algorithm and has a number of features, in particular, it is proposed to use a piecewise-linear function as an approximated amplitude-frequency response. This makes it possible to reduce the number of populations of the genetic algorithm when searching for a solution. The synthesis of an FIR filter with a cascade structure based on a genetic algorithm showed that for a 24-order filter it took about 30–40 generations to get the filter parameters close to the optimal values. In comparison with classical methods of filter synthesis, the following advantages are provided: calculations of the coefficients of a filter with a cascade structure directly, the possibility of optimizing coefficients with limited bit depth.

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Chen, Jing, Chang Yin Liu, and Xue Ping Li. "The Design and FPGA Implementation of a Polyphase SRRC FIR Filter in DTMB." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 2122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.2122.

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Polyphase FIR filters are applied in many practical Digital Signal Processing applications where the sampling rate needs to be changed. This paper focuses on the implementation of polyphase square root raised cosine (SRRC) FIR filter based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The filter employs methods like filter's multiphase structure, symmetrical coefficients, I/Q channel multiplexing, pipeline addition and so on to design the SRRC filter. Compared with the traditional method, the designed FIR filter exhibits the advantages of high response speed and low hardware resource s consumption.

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Jain, Ekta H., and Chandu N. Bhoyar. "Implementation of High Speed Operating FIR Filter with DA Algorithm Comparing Results with MAC Algorithm and Simple FIR Filter Result." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2015): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v2i2.231.

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Recent years there has been a increasing trend to implement digital signal processing functions in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). therefor, we need to put great effort in designing efficient architectures for digital signal processing functions such as FIR filters, which are widely used in audio and video signal processing, telecommunications etc. We are going to present a method for implementing high speed Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters using MAC (MULTIPLY AND ACCUMULATE) and Distributed Arithmetic (DA) method. MAC is a conventional FIR filter In these method adders, multipliers and delay elements are used. Distributed Arithmetic (DA) has been used to implement a bit-serial scheme of a general symmetric version of an FIR filter due to its high stability and linearity by taking optimal advantage of the look-up table (LUT) based structure of FPGAs. The performance of the DA technique for FIR filter design is analyzed and the results are compared to the MAC design technique.

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Xu, Ping, Wei Xia, and Zi Shu He. "A Design of VB-DDC Using DA-Based Systolic FIR Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 3950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.3950.

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In this paper, we present yet another design of the variable-bandwidth digital down-converter (VB-DDC). The shaping filter in the DDC architecture is substitute with a method which is implemented with fully pipelined computing structure of systolic decomposition for distributed arithmetic (DA) based FIR filer. The systolic structure of the FIR filter involves significantly less memory and complexity compared with the existing ones. The effectiveness of the design is validated by the proposed FPGA implementation results.

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Singhal, Subodh Kumar, and Basant Kumar Mohanty. "Efficient Parallel Architecture for Fixed-Coefficient and Variable-Coefficient FIR Filters Using Distributed Arithmetic." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 07 (April 22, 2016): 1650073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500730.

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In this paper, we performed the complexity analysis of fixed-coefficient and variable-coefficient distributed arithmetic (DA)-based finite impulse response (FIR) filter structures to observe the effect of LUT decomposition on the area complexity of DA structure. The complexity analysis reveals that the area complexity of different units of DA FIR filter structure does not increase proportionately with the level of parallelism. An appropriate selection of LUT decomposition factor, and introducing higher level of parallelism in the computation could improve the area-delay efficiency of both fixed-coefficient and variable-coefficient DA-based FIR structures. Based on these findings, we have proposed bit-parallel block-based DA structures, for fixed-coefficient and variable-coefficient FIR. The proposed structures process one block of input samples and produce one block of outputs in every clock cycle. Theoretical estimate shows that the proposed fixed-coefficient structure, for block-size 8 and filter-length 32, involves eight times more ROM-LUT words, eight times more adders, two less registers, and offers eight times higher throughput-rate than the existing similar structure. For the same block-size and filter-length, the proposed variable-coefficient structure involves 7.2 times more adders, the same number of registers, eight times more MUXes, and offers eight times higher throughput than the best available similar structure. Synthesis result shows that the proposed fixed-coefficient structure for block-size 8 and filter-length 32 involve 47% less area delay product (ADP) and 42% less energy per sample (EPS) than the existing structure and offers nearly eight times higher throughput than others. For the same block-size and filter-length, the proposed structure for variable-coefficient FIR involves 71% less ADP and 65% less EPS than the similar existing structures.

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Uma, A., and P. Kalpana. "ECG Noise Removal Using Modified Distributed Arithmetic Based Finite Impulse Response Filter." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3770.

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ECG monitoring is essential to support human life. During signal acquisition, the signals are contaminated by various noises that occur due to different sources. This paper focuses on Baseline wander and Muscle Artifact noise removal using Distributed Arithmetic (DA) based FIR filters. An area-efficient modified DA based FIR filter consists of LUT-less structure and used for noise removal. The performance of the modified DA based FIR filter is compared with the conventional DA FIR filter. An arbitrary real-time ECG record is taken from MIT-BIH database and Baseline Wander noise, Muscle artifact noises are taken from MIT-BIH noise stress test database. The performance of both filters is evaluated in terms of output Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE). For Baseline wander noise removal, the modified DA based FIR filter produces high output SNR and also low MSE of 76.6% than the conventional filter. Similarly, for Muscle Artifact noise removal, it produces high SNR, and MSE is reduced to 73.8%. A modified DA based FIR filter is synthesized for the target FPGA device Spartan3E XC3s2000-4fg900 and hardware resource utilization is presented.

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Zhuang, Yongjie, and Yangfan Liu. "A Stable IIR Filter Design Approach for High-Order Active Noise Control Applications." Acoustics 5, no. 3 (July 25, 2023): 746–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics5030044.

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In commercial non-adaptive active noise control (ANC) applications, an IIR filter structure is often used to reduce real-time computations. On the contrary, an FIR filter structure is usually preferred in the filter design phase because the FIR filter design formulation can be convex and is simple to solve. To combine the benefits of both FIR and IIR filter structures, one common approach in ANC applications is to use an IIR filter structure to fit a pre-designed FIR filter. However, to ensure stability, most of the common IIR filter fitting approaches involve the computation and relocation of poles which can be difficult for high-order cases. In this current work, a stable IIR filter design approach that does not need the computation and relocation of poles is improved to be applicable in ANC applications. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve better fitting accuracy and steady-state noise control performance in high-order non-adaptive applications when the pre-designed noise control FIR filter is fitted. Besides fitting the noise control filter, the proposed method can also be used to fit the secondary path and acoustic feedback path to reduce the required real-time computations if adaptive controllers are applied.

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Skulina, E. G., and I. S. Savinykh. "Computational efficiency of interpolated band stop filters for odd spectral bands." Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2023-1-56-66.

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Interpolated band stop FIR filters are excluded. A block diagram of an interpolated band stop FIR filter for odd spectral regions is proposed. The use of the proposed maximum allowable value of the filter coefficient in comparison with the reference filter calculated by the classical method, namely the maximum allowable value of the quantitative limitation to the computing resource. For the proposed structure, relations are obtained to determine the coefficient of computational efficiency and the coefficient of increase in the number of registers. In the proposed work, the following values were determined: the optimal interpolation coefficient, the maximum coefficient of computational efficiency and the coefficient of increase in the number of registers at the optimal interpolation coefficient. In the obtained relations for the synthesis of the interpolated band-stop FIR filter, the values of the stop band and the central frequency of the rejection are used. We also compared the interpolated band stop filter for odd spectral zones, synthesized according to the proposed structure, and the reference band stop filter calculated by the classical method. As a result of the study, it was found that the proposed nature is used under specific conditions. The obtained structure of the interpolated band stop FIR filter is optimal from a computational point of view, however, the calculated structure is not universal. The main limitation for the application of the resulting structure is the discreteness of switching between spectral zones and the need for fine tuning of the center rejection frequency.

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Wilkie, Jack A., Thomas Stieglitz, and Knut Moeller. "Real-Time Multirate Filtering of Digitized Torque Signals on Tiva Microcontroller using Fixed-Point Design with MATLAB." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2183.

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Abstract Correct bone screw torque is critical for positive patient outcomes after orthopaedic surgery. Models of the screwing process have been developed to allow a smart screwdriver to optimise the insertion torque. Experimental data is required to test these models, so a test-rig has been developed. Accurate torque measurement is a key part of the test-rig. An FIR filter was designed for this torque signal, implemented on the test-rig, and compared theoretically and experimentally to a mean filter and to no filtering. The FIR and mean filters both performed well, with the FIR achieving better theoretical results, and the mean filter achieving better experimental results. Better understanding of the noise structure and potential signal distortion would be required to improve the FIR filter or to conclusively compare it against the mean filter, however both perform sufficiently well for this application.

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Hermanowicz, Ewa, and HÅkan Johansson. "A Complex Variable Fractional-Delay FIR Filter Structure." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 54, no. 9 (September 2007): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2007.900349.

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Mousa, Wail A., Said Boussakta, Desmond C. McLernon, and Mirko Van der Baan. "Implementation of 2D explicit depth extrapolation FIR digital filters for 3D seismic volumes using singular value decomposition." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 1 (January 2010): V1—V12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3294424.

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We propose a new scheme for implementing predesigned 2D complex-valued wavefield extrapolation finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters, which are used for extrapolating 3D seismic wavefields. The implementation is based on singular value decomposition (SVD) of quadrantally symmetric 2D FIR filters (extrapolators). To simplify the SVD computations for such a filter impulse response structure, we apply a special matrix transformation on the extrapolation FIR filter impulse responses where we guarantee the retention of their wavenumber phase response. Unlike the existing 2D FIR filter implementation methods that are used for this geophysical application such as the McClellan transformation or its improved version, this implementation via SVD results in perfect circularly symmetrical magnitude and phase wavenumber responses. In this paper, we also demonstrate that the SVD method can save (depending on the filter size) more than 23% of the number of multiplications per output sample and approximately 62% of the number of additions per output sample when compared to direct implementation with quadrantal symmetry via true 2D convolution. Finally, an application to extrapolation of a seismic impulse is shown to prove our theoretical conclusions.

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KHAMEI, KHADIJEH, ABDOLREZA NABAVI, SHAAHIN HESSABI, and SEYED AHMAD MOHSENI BARANDAGH. "DESIGN OF VARIABLE FRACTIONAL DELAY FIR FILTERS WITH CSD COEFFICIENTS USING GENETIC ALGORITHM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 14, no. 06 (December 2005): 1145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126605002805.

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This paper presents a new method for the design of variable fractional delay (VFD) FIR digital filters using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Each sub-filter of Farrow structure is designed individually with defined accuracy and bandwidth. A variable mutation probability is also employed, which improves the accuracy of the solution. Compared with existing methods, it reduces the computational complexity and enhances the design flexibility. Furthermore, a simple GA is used to compute the filter coefficients in canonic singed digit (CSD) representations. Since this algorithm selects the initial population in CSD representation and searches for the digits between [-1 1], most of the digits become zero. The filter multipliers can be built with simple shift registers and adders, resulting in a high-speed and low-power filter implementation. Multiplier-free structure typically shows 11.4% saving in power and 17.2% reduction in area consumption.

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Nikolic, Marko, and Miroslav Lutovac. "Sharpening of the multistage modified comb filters." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 8, no. 3 (2011): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1103281n.

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This paper describes the application of filter sharpening method to the modified comb filter (MCF) in the case of decimation factor, which is product of two or more positive integers. It is shown that in the case of multistage decimation with MCF, filters in each stage are also MCF. Applying the sharpening to the decimation filter in the last stage provides very good results, with savings in the number of operations comparing to the case of sharpening of the complete filter. Direct-form FIR polyphase filter structure is proposed for the filters in each stage.

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Kadhim, Ola N., Kifah T. Khudhair, Fallah H. Najjar, and Hassan M. Al-Jawahry. "Digital filters windowing for data transmission enhancement in communication channel." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1454-1468.

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In this search, an important methodology has been presented for communicated information rectification utilizing advanced channel windowing approach. The modern data communication technologies are ensured with numerous challenges because of their unpredictability and arrangement. Various digital transmission topologies in 4G can't fulfill the requirements in future arrangements, therefore, alternative multicarrier modulation (MCM) becoming the nominated approaches among all other data transmission techniques. Wherein prototype filter configuration is a fundamental system based on which the synthesis and analysis filters are derived. This paper presents a complete review on the ongoing advances of finite impulse response (FIR) filter plan procedures in MCM based correspondence frameworks. Initially, the essential issues are tried, taking into consideration the presentation of available data signal applicants and the FIR filter design concept. At that point the techniques for FIR filter configuration are summed up in subtleties and are center around the accompanying three group’s recurrence testing strategies, windowing based strategies and advancement-based techniques. At last, the exhibitions of different FIR structure strategies are assessed and measured by power spectral density (PSD) and bit error rate (BER), and variable MCM plots as well as their potential prototype filters are examined.

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Li, Guo Hong, Wei Yan Lang, Xu Bai, and Hui Hu. "Design of FIR Digital Filter Based on CSD Code." Applied Mechanics and Materials 462-463 (November 2013): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.462-463.619.

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A high precision FIR digital filter is achieved based on CSD code. The characteristic of CSD coding is described and the structure of the FIR filter based on time division multiplex is given. FIR filter coefficients is generated by fadtool of MATLAB . The digital filter module is designed by Verilog HDL and simulated under QUARTUS II and MATLAB environment. The results show that the design can improve the accuracy of data acquisition significantly and reduce the use of FPGA resource.

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Rao, Chaolin, and Xin Lou. "Multiplication and Accumulation Co-Optimization for Low Complexity FIR Filter Implementation." Electronics 11, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11111721.

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In multiplierless finite impulse response (FIR) filters, the product accumulation block (PAB) could be the major contributor to hardware complexity, especially for high-order filters. In this paper, an optimization scheme where the constant multiplication block and the PAB are jointly optimized at the bit-level is proposed to minimize the hardware complexity. In the proposed joint optimization, the multiple constant multiplications (MCM) block is rearranged into several MCM sub-blocks. The products are summed locally before accumulation to reduce the word-length of the structural adders. It is shown that the symmetric property of linear phase FIR filters can be utilized in some cases to further reduce the complexity of the constant multiplications. Quantitative analyses are also presented to study the relationship between the optimum group size and the coefficient values as well as the filter orders. It is shown that there is no fixed optimum structure for filters with different coefficient word-lengths and filter orders, and each filter needs to be optimized specifically to achieve the minimum hardware complexity. Implementation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Siohan, P. "2-D FIR filter design for sampling structure conversion." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 1, no. 4 (1991): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/76.120773.

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Srivatsan, K., and Nithya Venkatesan. "Farrow structure based FIR filter design using hybrid optimization." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 114 (February 2020): 153020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2019.153020.

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Wu, Jun, and Chao Fan Zhang. "Half-Band Filter Design Based on MATLAB and FPGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2027.

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Half-band filter is a linear phase FIR filter, which is symmetric-even and odd .Because the coefficient of half-band filter is symmetrical and nearly half of the coefficient are zero, it make the filters reduce the number of multiplication operations by almost 3 / 4, and the number of addition operations by nearly half . The memory used to store filter coefficients are also reduced by half, so it make the implementation of efficient real-time digital signal processing more conducive. The half-band filter has many characteristics: for instance, simple structure, easy to implement and excellent performance, it is widely used in multi-rate system. This paper first describes the principle of half-band FIR filter, the character and method for implementation, then puts forward the design and simulation process which is based on MATLAB and Xilinx's half-band filter, and at last analyses the result.

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Yuan, Jun, Quan Yuan Feng, and Dan Wang. "Design of High-Precision FIR Filter Based on Verilog HDL." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5198.

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This paper presents an optimized FIR filter implementation by using the method of improving coefficient precision at reasonable cost. The comparable results of traditional fix-point implementation and the optimization method show that the high-precision FIR filter design method is universal and easy to implement. Plus the employment of multi-stage pipelining and parallel structure, FIR filter performs higher operating frequency. Let’s take a 32-order lowpass FIR filter as an example, original coefficients are generated on MATLAB, and translated into optimized coefficients according to the optimization method. The functional simulations verify the effective performance, while the synthesis is carried out to analyze the utilization of resources and maximum frequency.

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Pak, Jung Min. "Hybrid PDA/FIR Filtering for Indoor Localization Using Wireless Sensor Networks." Electronics 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010180.

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Indoor localization systems using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used to track the positions of workers, robots, and equipment. In indoor spaces, the occasional obstruction of radio propagation by physical objects such as furniture, appliances, and humans is referred to as the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) problem and has been a challenge for indoor localization. In this study, a new indoor localization algorithm to overcome the NLOS problem is proposed. We propose a new method to use redundant fixed nodes and nearest neighbor (NN) measurements, which increases the probability of avoiding NLOS-contaminated measurements. In addition, we propose a novel localization algorithm that can handle the contaminated measurements as clutters. The proposed algorithm is based on the hybrid filtering structure in which probabilistic data association (PDA) filter and a finite impulse response (FIR) filter are used as main and assisting filters, respectively. We adopt the extended minimum variance FIR (EMVF) filter as an assisting FIR filter, which recovers the main PDA filter from failures. Thus, the resulting filter is referred to as hybrid PDA/FIR filter (HPFF). Extensive simulations using an indoor localization scenario in a long corridor were performed for evaluation of the proposed localization algorithm. The EKF using NN measurements improves localization accuracy under temporary NLOS conditions, and the PDA filter further enhances the localization accuracy of EKF. However, EKF and PDA filter cannot completely overcome NLOS problem and exhibit significant increase in errors under certain conditions. The HPFF produced localization accuracy with the root time-averaged mean square (RTAMS) position error under 0.4 m and did not fail under NLOS conditions. The accurate and reliable localization performance of HPFF was demonstrated in comparison with the EKF and PDA filter through extensive WSN-based indoor localization simulations.

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Zhang, Li Cai, and Xiao Juan Tong. "Research on a Model of Reverberation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1117.

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Against defects of lacking consideration of air absorption characteristics to the high frequency signal in Schroeder reverberation model, and the more complex structure in Moorer reverberation model, use equiripple Chebyshev approximation criterion to design 4 FIR comb filter with low-pass characteristics and make the FIR filters in parallel, to get a pure parallel reverberation model. This reverberation model considers the absorption characteristics of air to the high-frequency signal, and has a more simple structure.

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Ahn, Dong Jun, Keun Sik Kim, Hyun Do Nam, and Eun Woo Shin. "Multi-Channel Active Noise Control System Designs with Fuzzy Logic Stabilized Algorithms." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.96.

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In active noise control filter, IIR filter structure which used for control filter assures the stability property. The stability characteristics of IIR filter structure is mainly determined by pole location of control filter within unit disc, so stable selection of the value of control filter coefficient is very important. In this paper, we proposed novel adaptive stabilized Filtered_U LMS algorithms with IIR filter structure which has better convergence speed and less computational burden than conventional FIR structures, for multi-channel active noise control with vehicle enclosure signal case. For better convergence speed in adaptive algorithms, fuzzy LMS algorithms where convergence coefficient computed by a fuzzy PI type controller was proposed.

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Shan, Hui Lin, and Yin Sheng Zhang. "Research on Electronic Materials with Design on the Narrow-Band FIR Filter Based on Multiple Sampling Frequency." Advanced Materials Research 771 (September 2013): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.771.179.

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This paper introduces the basic structure of narrow-band FIR filter and conducts detailed analysis on the various components of narrow-band FIR filter. Based on the CIC and HBF, this paper further designs narrow-band FIR filter with the sampling rate of 100 KHz. The materials of filter adopt the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator with high mechanical quality factorand high stability .Moreover, the simulation results indicate that this filter can greatly reduce the calculation amount and storage capacity so as to satisfy the real-time processing requirements of the signals.

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Patel, Vandana, and Ankit Shah. "Denoising electrocardiogram signals using multiband filter and its implementation on FPGA." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 19, no. 2 (2022): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2202115p.

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The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal carries vital information related to cardiac activities. While measuring ECG using electrodes, the signal is contaminated with powerline interference (PLI) from harmonics, baseline wandering (BW), motion artefacts (MA) and high frequency (HF) noise. The extraction of the ECG signal, without the loss of useful information from the noisy environment, is required. Therefore, the selection and implementation of an efficient filter design is proposed. The Finite Impulse Response (FIR)-based multiband needs separate digital filters, such as Lowpass, Highpass, and Bandstop Filter in cascade. The coefficients of the FIR multiband filter are optimised using a least squares optimisation method and realised in a direct form symmetrical structure. The capability of the proposed filter is evaluated on a Physionet ECG ID database, having records of inherent noisy ECG signals. The performance is also verified by measuring the power spectrum of the noisy and filtered ECG waveform. Also, the feasibility of the proposed multiband filter is investigated on Xilinx ISE and the design is implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. A low order simple multiband filter structure is designed and implemented on the reconfigurable FPGA device.

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Cheepurupalli*, Kusma Kumari, T. Narendra Babu, Dadi Sita Siva, and P. V. S. Sankaracharyulu. "Design of Variable Fractional Delay Filter using FIR Filter Approximation." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 5932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d8734.118419.

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Beamforming plays an important role in the field of wireless communication. Beamforming means combination of a radio frequency (RF) signals from multiple antennas to form a single direction beam. This technique improves the quality of communication and reduces the interference of signal. In beam forming technique, different phases signals can be achieved with different signals and the received phase delay signals are converted into same phase, multiply with weight factor and combined this signals to form a beam in desired direction. The required phase delays are generated by using a Variable fractional delay filter. Variable fractional delay filter is design by using a direct form of a FIR filter structure. Variable fractional delay filter is calculated by two different phase signals from digital antennas and those two different phase signals are converted to in- phase and added together to form a beam forming. As the order of the filter increases, the delay also increases. The filter coefficients of the variable fractional delay filter are calculated my using a Lagrange interpolation method. The variable fractional delay filter is designed by using software Xilinx version 14.3.

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Khadra, F. Abu, and K. Dimyati. "Synthesis of optical PMD compensating filter using FIR lattice structure." Optical and Quantum Electronics 38, no. 12-14 (January 6, 2007): 1173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-006-9028-6.

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Lian, Yong, and Yong Ching Lim. "Structure for narrow and moderate transition band FIR filter design." Electronics Letters 34, no. 1 (1998): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19980078.

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Mukumoto, Kaiji, and Tadahiro Wada. "Realization of Root Raised Cosine Roll-Off Filters Using a Recursive FIR Filter Structure." IEEE Transactions on Communications 62, no. 7 (July 2014): 2456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2014.2329672.

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SHUI, PENG-LANG, and XIAO-LONG WANG. "2M-BAND INTERLEAVED DFT MODULATED FILTER BANKS WITH PERFECT RECONSTRUCTION." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 06, no. 04 (July 2008): 499–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021969130800246x.

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In this paper, we propose a new family of perfect reconstruction (PR) complex filter banks, named interleaved discrete Fourier transform modulated filter banks (Interleaved DFT-FBs). In the filter banks, the analysis filters are generated by interlaced exponential modulating two different analysis prototype filters, and the synthesis filters are generated by two different synthesis prototype filters via the same manner. The filter banks have a simple polyphase structure similar to DFT modulated filter banks (DFT-FBs). More importantly, the proposed Interleaved DFT-FBs can achieve critically sampled PR complex filter bank with FIR analysis and synthesis filters, which is impossible for DFT-FBs. We give and prove the PR condition for 2M-band Interleaved DFT-FBs. Utilizing the result, the design procedure of the prototype filters is presented. In addition, by the theoretic analysis and numerical examples, it is shown that the analysis and synthesis filters cannot simultaneously provide good stopband attenuation for the critically sampled PR Interleaved DFT-FBs. Although the limitation always exits, the filter banks can find applications in some subband coding systems of high bit rate.

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Astik, Noopur. "Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration with FIR Filter Application." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 4, no. 3 (November 1, 2015): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp201-208.

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Dynamic partial reconfiguration has evolved as a very prominent state of art for efficient area utilization of <em>Field Programmable Gate Array</em> (FPGA) as well as significant reduction in its overall power consumption when properly used to lessen the idle logic on FPGA. It provides desired results even as the computational complexity increases in the field of Digital Signal Processing. This paper explains Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) with an example of Finite Impulse response (FIR) filter of order 10. Initially RTL coding for Direct Form FIR structure is written in Verilog in fixed point format for low pass and high pass filter modules using ISE Design suite. Functioning of the both the modules is verified individually through hardware co-simulation on ZYBO (Zynq Board) from Digilent using Black Box from System Generator. Finally dynamic partial reconfigurable FIR filter with low pass and high pass as reconfigurable modules is implemented on ZYBO using PlanAhead tool. Final comparison of resource utilization with and without DPR is presented

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Ramos, Germán, José J. López, and Basilio Pueo. "Cascaded warped-FIR and FIR filter structure for loudspeaker equalization with low computational cost requirements." Digital Signal Processing 19, no. 3 (May 2009): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2008.01.003.

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Deng, Zheng Hong, Jian Guo Dang, and Ting Ting Li. "An Adaptive Fir Filtering Based on Balanced Realization." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2566.

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Balanced realization is an attractive candidate to design state-space adaptive filter structure due to its least parameter sensitivity. In this paper, based on the balanced realization, an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filtering algorithm is proposed to minimize the output-error using the coefficients of the transfer function as the adaptive filter parameters. This algorithm is an internally balanced realization form and guarantees that the designed adaptive FIR filtering always minimizes the ratio of maximum-to-minimum eigenvalues of the Grammian matrices.

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Kušljević, Miodrag D., Vladimir V. Vujičić, Josif J. Tomić, and Predrag D. Poljak. "IIR Cascaded-Resonator-Based Complex Filter Banks." Acoustics 5, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics5020032.

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The use of a filter bank of IIR filters for the spectral decomposition and analysis of signals has been popular for many years. As such, a new filter-bank resonator-based structure, representing an extremely hardware-efficient structure, has received a good deal of attention. Recently, multiple-resonator (MR)-based and general cascaded-resonator (CR)-based filters have been proposed. In comparison to single-resonator-based analyzers, analyzers with a higher multiplicity of resonators in the cascade provide lower side lobes and a higher attenuation in stopbands. In previous works, it was shown that the CR-based filter bank with infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which is numerically more efficient than one with finite impulse response (FIR) filters, is suitable for dynamic harmonic analysis. This paper uses the same approach to design complex digital filter banks. In the previous case, the optimization task referred to the frequency responses of harmonic filters. In this work, the harmonic filters of the mother filter bank are reshaped so that the frequency response of the sum (or difference, depending on the parity of the number of resonators in the cascade) of two adjacent harmonic filters is optimized. This way, an online adaptive filter base can be obtained. The bandwidth of the filters in the designed filter bank can be simply changed online by adding or omitting the output signals of the corresponding harmonics of the mother filter.

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Su, Xiao Fei, and Xin Hong Zhang. "Two-Dimensional FIR Filter Design on Wideband Speech Enhancement in Microphone Array." Applied Mechanics and Materials 39 (November 2010): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.39.260.

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Due to complexity of sound environment, the performance of speech enhancement is degraded greatly based on traditional beam-forming when directivity of arrival of sound and number of sound are not been estimated precisely. In this paper, according to characteristics of handle-communicated equipment, a method on suppression of environmental noise and disturbance is provided. Beam-forming on speech wideband in desired angle is realized by designing a two-dimensional FIR filter which has fan structure in pass-band and wedge-shaped structure in transition-band. The filter can suppress noise and disturbance out of main-lobe desired. The simulations demonstrated that the filter designed is effective.

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Yang, Wen Hui, Jing Wang, and Lian Fen Huang. "An SEU Hardened FIR Filter Based on Triple Modular Redundancy." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.265.

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The finite impulse response (FIR) filters in the space radiation environment probably face the single event upset (SEU), making unexpected results. To avoid that situation, the traditional triple module redundancy (TMR) technology is usually applied. At the same time, however, it brings high cost of area and power. For this reason, an improved TMR (ITMR) structure for FIR filters is proposed in this paper. Simulation shows that the design can achieve the same performance with much less resources. Based on traditional technique TMR, the design reports an improved TMR (ITMR) structure by simplify the two redundancy modules, the advantage that it has the same performance but costs less resources can be reflect by the simulation and synthesis clearly.

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Saito, Hiroto, and Shogo Nakamura. "A Design Approach to a Hierarchical Structure FIR Filter Using Genetic Algorithm." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 130, no. 5 (2010): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.130.743.

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Hota, Malaya Kumar, and Vinay Kumar Srivastava. "A multirate DSP structure for the identification of protein-coding regions." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 08 (October 31, 2017): 1750112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517501121.

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The identification of protein-coding regions in DNA sequence using digital signal processing methods is one of the central issues in bioinformatics. In this paper, a multirate structure is proposed for the identification of protein-coding regions whose input sampling rate is same as output sampling rate. The multirate structure consists of cascade combination of decimation filter, kernel filter and interpolation filter. The decimation filter is a complex filter, the kernel filter is an FIR lowpass filter and the interpolation filter isa moving average filter. Polyphase decomposition is applied on both decimation filter and interpolation filter for computationally efficient implementation. The potential of the proposed method is evaluated in comparison with existing methods using standard datasets. The results show that the proposed method improves the identification accuracy of protein-coding regions to a great extent compared to its counterparts.

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Xu, Guo Sheng. "Design of a High-Speed Digital FIR Filter Based on FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4571.

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To realize filtering of high-speed input data, and aiming at the design method of systolic FIR digital filter, this paper proposes a design method of high-speed FIR filter based on FPGA. The states conversion between coefficients configuring mode and filtering mode is finished by FSM (Finite State Machine), which ensures the system to work orderly. The experimental results demonstrated, it can reduce the input dimension and eliminate linear and nonlinear interference effectively. In addition, it is very suitable for hardware implementation due to its simple structure.

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SAIKATSU, Satoshi, and Akira YASUDA. "Delta-Sigma ADC Based on Switched-Capacitor Integrator with FIR Filter Structure." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E102.A, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e102.a.498.

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Journal articles on the topic 'FIR Filter Structure'

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