Journal articles: 'Fire accident'

1

Zhang, Yu Chun, Chuan He, Yong Fang, and Xiao Qin Sun. "Study on Quantitative Risk Assessment of LGP Transportation in Road Tunnel." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 4105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.4105.

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Based on the tunnel environment and the characteristic of flammability and explosion of liquefied petroleum gas (LGP), the leak of LPG tanker can induce heavy casualties and property loss in the tunnel. In order to study quantitative risk of LGP transportation in road tunnel, the data of 599 accidents and 659 accidental vehicles are collected. From these data, the proportion of LGP tanker accident in the total accident vehicles and million vehicles kilometer (MVK) tanker accident rates are obtained. By analyzing the leakage scene of LGP tanker, the possible accident types of the LGP transportation were analyzed, such as boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE), vapor cloud explosion (VCE), flash fire and jet fire, etc. The impact of leak time to various ranges of injury is studied in the condition of LGP continued leakage. The slight injury, serious injury and death radius of LGP leakage accidents are calculated in tanker loaded with different LGP quantity. In view of the accidental analysis, the countermeasures will be proposed to reduce the risk of LGP transportation in road tunnel.

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Archana, P. "Fire Fighting Robot using IOT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3872–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35836.

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Fire accidents are undesirable event which emits heat, smoke or flame. Fire accident can cause a huge number of loss because of the danger and risk involved in rescuing victims out of the fire. In everyday life, it is not possible to always rely on human patrol for detecting and extinguishing fire at a fire accident scene. Fire fighting Robot is very effective in detecting fire accidents in industrial and residential areas where fire possibilities are high. In order to achieve this, this robot is used to detect a flame locate it and extinguishes the fire immediately before it leads to a dangerous accident. In case of risky situations, firefighting robot effectively find the fire and suppresses it. Effective monitoring, fire identification and extinguishing of fire are the problems to be solved. Our project is designed to solve those problems. Fireman can send commands to robot through raspberry pi module which is mounted on robot itself. Sprinkler start sprinkling water when it detects fire using sensor.

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Ding, Shifeng, and Nana Ding. "System Safety Analysis and Fire Prevention Strategy of Public Entertainment Places." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019804007.

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With the accelerated pace of Chinese economic development in recent years, the public entertainment industry is constantly developing, and the corresponding fire accidents are also on the rise, posing a huge threat to people’s lives and property. There are a lot of people gathering in public entertainment places, and it is difficult to evacuate people when a fire accident occurs. It is one of the key fire protection management areas. Fires in public entertainment places cause immeasurable losses to the lives and property safety of people. How to strengthen the fire protection work of public entertainment places is the key task of the fire management department. Based on the accident tree analysis method, this paper conducts a systematic safety analysis of the public entertainment industry and its typical fire cases, and concludes that the decoration of flammable and combustible materials and the storage of flammable and explosive materials are the main causes of fires in public entertainment places, and proposes fire prevention strategies.

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Ma, Xin, Wei He, Chao Ding, and Yong Jiang. "Numerical Study on the Fire Development Process of Typical Power Plant Multi-Floor Compartment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.354.

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About frequently happened fire accidents in Power stations, an actual compartment fire accident in one room on 3nd floor was studied numerically with software FDS 5.3.0/SMV 5.3.10 in this article. According to the results of simulation, we investigated the different radiant heat flux parameters, burning losses under different heat release rates and rising rates. The developing process of fuel combustion was analyzed. Also, we compared the simulation results with the actual smoke trace and burning rates in fire accidents. It shows the numerical modeling software FDS is a reliable tool to analyze the power plant fire accident caused by casually placed inflammable objects in single room. It provides an applied valuable good way for the fire accident research in power plant.

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Yuan, Chang Feng, Hao Wang, and Yan Chen. "The Hierarchical Risk Source Identification Method Connected with Event Causal Chain in the Emergency Process of Fire Accident of Petroleum Storage and Transportation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2411.

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The fire accident of petroleum storage and transportation has the characteristics of difficult disposal, wide range of influence, and a long-term hazard. Many derivative accidents or secondary accidents caused in the emergency process show that there are some potential risk sources in the process of accident emergency disposal. Effectively identifying these potential risk sources is the key for the active protective design in advance, and it is a minimum cost mean to prevent and reduce accident harm. In the paper, from the perspective of analyzing the nature of accident’s development and evolution process, the causal relationship between events is studied based on the accident-causing theory. The event causal chain is built in according with the order of event occurrence. The risk sources of accident are mined and identify from the node of event chain, and the hierarchical identification method oriented accident’s risk sources is established. For accident’s risk sources, the possible design measures in advance can be given from the perspective of principle design, structural design and control design. For design measure’s risk sources in emergency process can be mined by using man-human engineering method, and the graded risk sources identification method oriented secondary accidents is established. Combining the two methods, the hierarchical risk source identification method connected with event causal chain is put forward so as to effectively identify these potential risk sources in emergency process. Finally, oil pipeline explosion accident of dalian’s xinggang harbor on July 16, 2010 is taken as a case to verify the feasibility of proposed method.

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Huang, Yu Ying, and Yeng Horng Perng. "Analysis of Association Rule in Fire Accidents - Evidence from Taipei City." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2407.

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Fire accidents may induce serious human casualties, building damages, and financial losses. The association rule of data mining technique was applied in this research to identify the characteristics, potential factors, and hidden relationships, that were associated with each other in the building fires of Taipei during 2007-2010. The results of this paper are insightful and can be used to assist fire officials and citizens in reducing the chance of a fire accident, as well as, in mitigating the damages of a fire hazard.

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VENKATARAMANAN, PONNUSAMY, PAULRAJ PRATHAP, PALANISAMY SIVAPRAKASH, and KANCHANA SIVAPRAKASH. "Fire safety in textile industries – A Review." Industria Textila 70, no. 06 (December 12, 2019): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.06.1615.

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Over the past decades, textile industries are playing an important role in the Indian economy, and moreover it is the second largest revenue source for the country. The textile industry is the only industry that offers massive employment for both skilled and unskilled labour. Fire accidents cost hundreds of workers’ lives and livelihoods along with huge equipment and material loss. The stipulation of proper safety system would be the only option to increase the production rate and quality of the product which in turn amplify the profit and good will of the company. In spite of various initiatives taken to prevent fire accidents in the textile industry, there are still a significant number of fire occurrences in this industry. Fire accident is the major source of accident in case of textile industries, and preventing the fire accident would be the first and foremost choice and also it is mandatory to alleviate the fire accidents to safe guard raw materials and employees. This paper presents a review on various hazards in textile industries. This article intends at studying each of these issues in textile industries, along with the existing possible solutions for these problems. This study is essential in exposing safety concerns in factories around the world.

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Yue, Chengjun, Li Chen, Hengbo Xiang, Linfeng Xu, Shigang Yang, Zhan Li, Chenxi Xia, and Qin Fang. "Assessment of Cascading Accidents of Frostbite, Fire, and Explosion Caused by Liquefied Natural Gas Leakage." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 26, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867202.

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) leaks often lead to cascading accident disasters, including vapor cloud release, explosion, fire, and toxic gas release. The origin and evolution of each accidental disaster must be considered when assessing safety. This paper discusses the safety assessment project of an LNG gas storage station in Xuzhou, China. Multiple conceivable disasters due to the leakage of LNG storage tanks are simulated and analyzed using the computational fluid dynamic software FLACS. We studied different wind speeds interacting with the flammable vapor cloud area and creating frostbite in areas of low temperature. Diffusion simulations of vapor cloud explosion (VCE), thermal radiation, and the distribution of toxic substances were performed. The overpressure-impulse criterion was used to calculate the influence range of VCE. Heat flux, heat dose, and heat flux-heat dose criteria were used to calculate the safe distance for personnel in the event of fire. Based on the calculation results of the three latter criteria, this paper recommends using the heat flux criterion to evaluate fire accidents. The danger zone of each accident was compared. VCE accidents yielded the largest area.

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Czerniak, Jacek M., Hubert Zarzycki, Łukasz Apiecionek, Wiesław Palczewski, and Piotr Kardasz. "A Cellular Automata-Based Simulation Tool for Real Fire Accident Prevention." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3058241.

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Many serious real-life problems could be simulated using cellular automata theory. There were a lot of fires in public places which kill many people. Proposed method, called Cellular Automata Evaluation (CAEva in short), is using cellular automata theory and could be used for checking buildings conditions for fire accident. The tests performed on real accident showed that an appropriately configured program allows obtaining a realistic simulation of human evacuation. The authors analyze some real accidents and proved that CAEva method appears as a very promising solution, especially in the cases of building renovations or temporary unavailability of escape routes.

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Schmidt, Kai Wilhelm. "Normal accidents in interior firefighting operations – a study on the German system." International Journal of Emergency Services 9, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-11-2018-0055.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the reasons behind the occurrence of serious accidents during interior firefighting operations of the German fire services despite numerous and significant safety improvements. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a case study relying on accident investigation reports from four accidents that happened in Germany between 2005 and 2016. Findings The study finds that the system of interior attack firefighting in Germany is a tightly coupled and complex system, as described by the normal accident theory, and that all four cases were caused by unanticipated interactions between components of the system and were therefore system accidents as described by the normal accident theory. This means that these accidents were ultimately caused by the properties of the system that make it susceptible to system accidents. Research limitations/implications To prevent these accidents, there is a need to change the properties of the system that make it susceptible to system accidents. Practical implications The study identifies factors that make the system inherently dangerous. Hence, practical measures can be undertaken to counter these factors and make the system safer. Originality/value This study is the first application of the normal accident theory to the operations of the fire services in general, and it is the first theory-guided inquiry into accidents of the German fire services. The findings of this paper provide new explanations for accidents and new approaches to improve safety during interior attack firefighting operations.

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Xie, Hua, Yan Ying Xu, Xu Zhang, and Jian Chen. "Study of Life Safety on the Fire Accidents in the Subway Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1029.

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Subway station fire can easily cause many calamities that lead to a large amount of social and public problems, because the smoke spread moves in the same direction as the personnel evacuation. Therefore, life safety issues caused by the subway station fire and relevant investigation should be comprehensively taken into account in the fire safety design in order to minimize the fire accident loss. Here previously reported fire accidents in the subway station are reviewed in detail and some research on the life safety of the subway station fire are presented, which could be helpful for the accident prevention and provide guidance to future study on the safety design in the subway station fire.

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Szewczyński, Krystian, Aleksander Król, and Małgorzata Król. "Should We Expect a Disastrous Fire Accident in an Urban Road Tunnel? Literature Data Review and a Case Study for Selected Tunnels in Poland." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 6172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116172.

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Urban road tunnels are a reasonable remedy for inconvenience due to congested road traffic. However, they bring specific threats, especially those related to the possibility of fire outbreak. This work is a case study for selected urban road tunnels. Considering tunnel specificity, road traffic intensity, and structure and based on the literature data for vehicle fire probability, the chances of a fire accident were estimated for selected tunnels in Poland. It was shown that low power tunnel fires could be expected in the 10–20-year time horizon. Although such threats cannot be disregarded, tunnel systems are designed to cope with them. The chances of a disastrous fire accident were estimated as well. Such events can occur when an HGV with flammable goods or a tanker are involved. Such accidents are fortunately very rare, but, on the other hand, that is the reason why the available data are scanty and burdened with high uncertainty. Therefore, a discussion on the reliability of the obtained results is also provided.

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Alencar, J. R. B., R. A. P. Barbosa, and M. B. De Souza Jr. "EVALUATION OF ACCIDENTS WITH DOMINO EFFECT IN LPG STORAGE AREAS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2005): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v4i1.3541.

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The term domino effect denotes a chain of accidents, or situations, in which a fire/explosion load generated by an accident in one unit in an industry causes secondary and higher order accidents in other units. Such chains of accidents have a greater propensity to cause damage than stand-alone accidents. Most of the past risk assessment studies deal with accident in a single industry, more so in one of the units of an industry. But, often, accident in one unit causes a secondary accident in a nearby unit, which in turn may trigger a tertiary accident, and so on. The probability of occurrence and adverse impacts of such domino or cascading effects are increasing due to increasing congestion in industrial complexes and increasing density of human population around such complexes. Accidents with domino effect are seldom studied. LPG storage areas could produce the worst possible consequences in the event of an unforeseen incident. This work illustrates the application of models to evaluate the impacts of events with fire and explosion in LPG tanks on other similar units in the park and the possibility of occurrence of a domino effect. The criteria for occurrence of accidents with domino effect adopted in this work were 37.5 kW/m2 in case of fire radiation and an overpressure of 0.7 atm in explosion cases in a receptor body. The spacing between LPG tanks was evaluated. The results show that such spacing is minimal and does not represent, as it should, a parameter indicating a safe distance able to prevent the propagation of an accident with domino effect.

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Li, Longfei, and Longyu Dai. "Review on fire explosion research of crude oil storage tank." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123601022.

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With the rapid development of the world economy, the petrochemical industry energy reserve strategy and production demand increase, petrochemical storage tank farm scale is also expanding, and continue to large, intensive direction of development. In recent years, there are many disastrous accidents such as oil leakage, explosion and combustion of storage tank, so it is necessary to study the combustion and explosion behavior of storage tank. This paper studies the mechanism of explosion combustion in crude oil tank area, summarizes and states the progress of crude oil explosion combustion research at home and abroad, and lists several common risk evaluation methods for tank risk management, which can provide technical support for safety management and accident emergency rescue through qualitative, quantitative evaluation and accident consequence simulation calculation. Therefore, we should sum up the experience and lessons from the accident, strengthen the theoretical research, to avoid the recurrence of similar accidents, and effectively guarantee the safety of national energy reserves.

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Zhang, Jin Feng, and Yan Min Zheng. "Study on Fire Accident of Cotton Plant Based on L-R Fuzzy Numerals." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.581.

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A reliability analysis on fire accident was made by using the L-R fuzzy number with the function of fuzzy fault tree theory. According to the statistics of running condition of field equipment and the fuzzy information provided by expert experience, the fault tree of fire accident in the cotton plant was built, and the fuzzy probability distribution of the explosion was gained. The structural importance of each basic event also was analyzed, and the most important factors which influence the system were established. It provides a new way and means for the safety analysis of the system and preventing fire accidents.

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Fyfe, Paul. "Accidents of a Novel Trade: Industrial Catastrophe, Fire Insurance, and Mary Barton." Nineteenth-Century Literature 65, no. 3 (December 1, 2010): 315–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2010.65.3.315.

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Paul Fyfe, "Accidents of a Novel Trade: Industrial Catastrophe, Fire Insurance, and Mary Barton"(pp. 315––347) This essay argues for the industrial novel as a form of risk management, in dialog with the insurance business and its particular problems with fire. elizabeth Gaskell's abiding concerns for workplace accidents and compensation in Mary Barton (1848), focused by a spectacular mill fire, contests the definition and "writing"of risk on commercial terrain. At the same time, various fire insurers, scrambling to manage a risk that seemed beyond control, invented hybrid strategies of description that impinged on the domain of novelists. I demonstrate how changing concepts of accident and risk characterize the unstable political landscape of England's industrial north, measure the increasingly material pressures on property and life, and inform diverse practices of writing, particularly those that novelists shared with the insurance industry. ultimately, the "queer elements of the accidental and the arbitrary"for which Henry James denigrates the Victorian novel may derive from such historical circumstances in which writers like Gaskell absorb accidents as a practice of the genre.

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Ahn, Young-Joong, Yong-Ung Yu, and Jong-Kwan Kim. "Accident Cause Factor of Fires and Explosions in Tankers Using Fault Tree Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080844.

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Fire and explosion accidents occur frequently in tankers because they transport large quantities of dangerous cargo. To prevent fire and explosion accidents, it is necessary to analyze factors that cause accidents and their effects. In this study, factors that cause fire and explosion accidents were classified using the 4M disaster analysis method, and each factor’s effect on the accident was analyzed using fault tree analysis (FTA). First, the unsafe tank atmosphere environment was identified as a primary cause of fire and explosion accidents in tankers, and the underlying causes of these accidents were investigated. The probability of underlying causes leading to primary causes was derived using an expert survey. The results showed that management and media factors had a greater impact on the unsafe tank atmosphere environment than human factors. To prevent fire and explosion accidents, it is necessary to ensure sufficient working and resting times for seafarers and compliance with procedures and work guidelines. A generalization of the results of present and future studies will enable the identification of the cause and preventive measures for fire and explosion accidents in tankers. Furthermore, this will reduce accidents in tankers and contribute to future safety management measures of ships and companies.

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Kim, Young-Duk, Guk-Jin Son, HeeKang Kim, Chanho Song, and Ji-Hee Lee. "Smart Disaster Response in Vehicular Tunnels: Technologies for Search and Rescue Applications." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072509.

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Recently, the number of tunnels is increasing due to urbanization, and fire accidents in tunnels are likewise increasing. In particular, in a long tunnel of more than 1 km it is very difficult to track the exact location of a fire, accident vehicles, and the fire brigade, as well as whether a fire occurred. In this paper, we analyze various types of accidents that may occur in tunnel fires and propose detection, search, and rescue techniques to cope with them. For early detection of accidents, we propose various sensors using Internet of Things (IoT) technology and sensor networks to connect them. These sensors can detect not only a fire but also the position of the vehicle in which the fire is occurring in real time. We also propose a robotic system and operation technique that can be controlled by a fire fighter for more precise search operation. For rescue procedures, localization and tracking technology for fire fighters and robots is proposed. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed system was verified through actual performance tests, including simulations of actual placement and operation in tunnels. Through the construction of the equipment in an actual tunnel 1.9 km long, we show that the proposed system is good enough to cope with fire accidents, in terms of the delivery ratio of the collected data, fire recognition ratio, localization accuracy, and response delay.

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Hussin, N. E., Anwar Johari, Kamarizan Kidam, and Haslenda Hashim. "Major Hazards of Process Equipment Failures in the Chemical Process Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.75.

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Process equipment failures play significant roles in most accidents that occur and recur in the chemical process industry resulting in fire, explosion, and toxic release. In this study, 50 equipment-related accident investigation reports were used to analyze type and severity of incidents. The comprehensive accident report data were retrieved from U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) and U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident databases with a mean year of 2005. Among the identified process equipment failures were piping systems (32%), storage tanks (20%), process vessels (16%), separation equipment (10%), reactors (8%), heat transfer equipment (8%), and others (6%). The analysis shows that 32% of the cases led to fire and explosion, followed by toxic release (26%), and explosion (22%) incidents. A total of 126 fatalities, 590 injuries, 260 exposures, four shelter-in-place, and 13 evacuations were reported. In most accident cases, fire, explosion, and/or toxic release incidents occur simultaneously. The synergy between major hazards results in catastrophic accidents with severe consequences in numbers of fatalities, injuries, exposures, shelter-in-place, and evacuations. To minimize the losses, plant and equipment should be designed and prepared for the worst-case scenario, not just adapting to any ‘applicable’ standards or guidance.

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Jin, Yue Bo. "The Environmental Risk Assessment for Terminals of Dangerous Bulk Liquid Cargoes." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1726.

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Complying to the characteristics of terminals fordangerous bulk liquid cargoes and combined with the risk guidelines requirements, to conduct risk identification in the whole operations process covering risk items and common accident analysis, and propose risk assessment work ratings, accident hazard prediction, risk prevention measures and emergency plans for accidents of fire, spill, gaseous and liquid chemical leakage.

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Kátai-Urbán, Maxim. "Managing the Environmental Risks of Dangerous Goods Warehouses." Hadmérnök 15, no. 4 (2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32567/hm.2020.4.6.

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Industrial accidents occurring at logistics facilities used for the storage of dangerous goods can have, as a result of contaminated water generated during fires, major environmental consequences to the surface and ground waters. In the present study, the author presents the causes and effects of major industrial accidents that may occur in logistics warehouses used for the storage of dangerous goods, as well as the interpretation of the series of serious accident events. Then he examines the design of facilities for the collection and storage of contaminated fire water.

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HSU, Sheng-Chin. "A NARRATIVE STUDY TO CONNECT THE GERONTOLOGY: THE ELDERLY CHARACTERS IN NURSING HOMES FIRE NEWS IN TAIWAN." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S197—S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.713.

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Abstract There are more than 30 civilian deaths in 10 fire accidents in nursing homes since 2008 in Taiwan. Due to the collective space of nursing homes, the damages of fires in a facility are much worse than in a personal house. Since the type of family changed after The Chinese Civil War, the elderly members, retired from the labor market, like to choose to live in nursing homes, or hospitals. According to the Ministry of Interior, R.O.C., Taiwan turned into an Aged society in 2018. In those fire news, the duties of families are seldom discussed, but the duties of care center are emphasized. The narrative of a fire accident in nursing homes is composed of many elements. These elements have been connected with old people and various arrangements. It is important to understand how the duties shifting from families to nursing homes, and what characters and relationship disappear in a fire accident. This study adopts the narrative theory to analyze the characters in fire report about Nursing Homes. Three findings are discovered: first, the duties of taking care of elders in a nursing home fire are connecting to Care Facilities but not families nor government. Second, the role of taking care of older people is played by Care-Staff more than family members in a fire narrative. Finally, the duty of fire and the duty of taking care of elders are interwoven into a complicated narrative: the role of Long-Term Care Center emerges but family and government disappear.

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Xie, Hua, Yan Ying Xu, Xu Zhang, and Jian Chen. "Study on Emergency Evacuation in the Subway Fire Accidents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1033.

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The fire accident is a substantial risk in the subway due to the complexity of the underground construction confined space, which can cause a large number of human fatalities. Therefore, some effort should be made to promote the public security in subway fire accidents. Among of them, the establishment of emergency evacuation plan is very important in fire safety design and should be paid enough attention because it can provide beneficial help to life safety. The evacuation strategy including the evacuation route and evacuation safety zone are detailedly discussed in this paper, which lays the foundation for future studies of safe evacuation in the subway fire accidents.

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Olcay, Zeynep Feride, Gülümser Ünkaya, and Gunay Deniz Dursun. "The effect of OHS costs on accident severity rate in the construction industry." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 9, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 1076–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v9i3.1877.

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Due to its dynamic nature, rapid technology change, uneducated employees, harsh working conditions, many work accidents, and heavy consequences of accidents, occupational health and safety (OHS) practices are essential in the construction industry. However, occupational Health and Safety measures in the construction industry come with additional costs. Therefore, employers who have to bear a cost to take OHS measures may consider OHS costs unnecessary without considering the costs they will bear after work accidents and occupational diseases. This research aims to estimate the optimal costs of OHS budgets to reduce the number of accidents with lost time injury and whether the carried costs for occupational health and safety in the construction industry impact the lost time injuries. Therefore, OHS costs in the construction industry are grouped into eight categories: fire, work equipment, electricity, health, personal protective equipment, general equipment, training and occupational health and safety service costs. This research is based on the standard unit costs set for the 8 OHS criteria required by the OHS laws, accident severity rates and actual unit costs that the projects have carried for five years for the construction of 15 buildings with 220.000 m2- 500.000 m2 indoor space which is located in Istanbul Turkey, started in 2013 and completed in 2017. Since the research was conducted before January 1, 2020, there is no requirement for an ethics committee permission document. According to the research results, as the costs of occupational health and safety services, fire and training increased, accident severity rates has decreased. However, the impact of other variables on accident severity rates was not statistically significant. Thus, construction enterprises that want to decrease the accident severity rates in their projects need to emphasise occupational health and safety services, fire, and training criteria.

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Zhuang, Yizhou, Hao Ding, Guoping Zheng, Youkai Cui, and Yan Huang. "Study on Ventilation System Linkage Control Strategy in a Double-Hole Tunnel Fire." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (May 21, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5163632.

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In order to prevent smoke from flowing backward and penetrating into adjacent tunnel through cross channels during evacuation in case of fire accidents in highway tunnels, it is extremely necessary to implement the linkage control scheme for double-hole tunnel ventilation system. Therefore, six linkage control schemes for ventilation system are proposed in this article. Firstly, these six schemes were numerically simulated through Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to obtain the flow velocity, flow direction, and smoke distribution under different schemes when the peak power of fire accidents is 30 MW. And two better schemes were selected for further investigation based on the evacuation conditions in the upper stream of fire source. Secondly, a 1 : 10 scale model experiment was conducted to test these two schemes, and the results from numerical simulation and model experiment were compared and verified. Finally, the location of fire accident, the time to develop stable opposite airflow, and the number of open cross channels were analyzed to confirm the applicability of the recommended scheme. The results show that the optimal scheme is to switch on the fans in the upstream of the fire accident and the fans on both sides of the cross channel in the non-fire tunnel to form positive pressure to control the smoke flow. This scheme ensures a stable and uniform smoke flow in the cross channel and personnel’s safety during evacuation.

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Miao, Zhang, Song Wenhua, Wang Ji, and Chen Zhen. "Accident Consequence Simulation Analysis of Pool Fire in Fire Dike." Procedia Engineering 84 (2014): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.469.

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Lin, Cherng Shing, Chia Chun Yu, and Shih Cheng Wang. "Numerical Investigation of Fire Dynamic Behavior for a Commercial Building Basement." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2213.

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In the past twenty years, many severe basement fires occurred and caused huge losses of human lives and damages to property in Taiwan. During a building fire, smoke at high temperatures and poisonous gases (such as CO) may easily spread through corridors and ventilation systems in the entire building. Therefore, protecting against the basement fires in commercial buildings is of important concern for Taiwan’s fire protection authority. This paper utilizes FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator) to construct a computer simulation model for investigating the Cardon basement fire that occurred in Taipei (1993). The fire accident unfortunately caused tremendous property losses and heavy casualties (22 died and 7 were injured). The major important parameters of the flow field - such as speed to the spread of fire, smoke movement, upper layer temperature, and CO concentration are obtained to analyze and understand the fire dynamic characteristics. The computed results reasonably agree with post-accident reports. The simulation results obtained may be utilized to improve the better and safer designs for basement building fire protection capability. The information can also be valuable for the similar fire disaster prevention and mitigation in the future.

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Silva Dorna, Bruno Eduardo, Suely Amorim de Araújo, Ricardo Gonçalves de Holanda, Clesnan Mendes-Rodrigues, Vivian De Moraes Coelho, and Patrícia Costa dos Santos da Silva. "Victims profile in function of motorcycle engine potency and assisted by the Fire Department of Uberlândia, Brazil." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss9.3332.

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Introduction: Traffic accidents are a global issue, especially in emerging countries, resulting in a high number of deaths and significant social and economic expenditures with victims. Motorcycle accidents stand out mainly by its greater vulnerability, and studies relating bike engine potency and accidents are still rare. Objective: To trace the profile of victims involved in motorcycle accidents as a function of motorcycle power that were assisted by the Fire Department in Uberlândia, Brazil. Methodology: A transversal, retrospective, analytic and quantitative study, based on a public database. Twelve thousand nine hundred occurrence reports were retrospectively analyzed between 2015 and 2018 in the Integrated System of Social Defense from the Military Fire Department of Minas Gerais state database. Variables that allowed accident characterization were collected (such as motorcycle conductor or passenger and from the accident itself) and were compared in function of the motorcycle power or engine potency (less than 250 CC as low and more than 250 CC as high). Results: There was a lack of information in reports about the accident and even greater lack about the injured person, ranging from 0% to 52%. The predominance of accidents was with motorcycles below 250 CC. The values of severity and clinical data scores were not different between engine potency categories, except for the heart frequency of the injured, with a median of 82 and 80 beats for high and low engine potency, respectively. A greater frequency of accidents involving men, single, with higher education conducting motorcycles over 250 CC, involved in falls, with occurrence between 18:01 and 24:00 hours was noted. However, accidents occurred mostly with small-sized vehicles and motorcycles and did not differ between days of the week. Accidents showed a spatial pattern where most accidents occurred downtown and, consequently, in more commercial regions, with no major differences in engine potency. Conclusion: Even though accident severity did not differ between engine potency categories, the profile of participants showed some differences. This information, along with more complete and broader data in the reports, can offer subsides for more assertive public policy implementation to mitigate traffic accidents.

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Weng, Jinxian, Ying En Ge, and Hao Han. "Evaluation of Shipping Accident Casualties using Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Regression Technique." Journal of Navigation 69, no. 2 (October 29, 2015): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315000788.

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This study develops a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) regression model to evaluate the factors influencing the loss of human life in shipping accidents using ten years' ship accident data in the South China Sea. The ZINB regression model results show that the expected loss of human life is higher for collision, fire/explosion, contact, grounding, hull damage, machinery damage/failure and capsizing accidents occurring in adverse weather conditions during night periods. Sinking can cause the highest loss of life compared to all other accident types. There are fewer fatalities and missing people when the ship involved in an accident is moored or docked. The results also reveal that the loss of human life is associated with shipping accidents occurring far away from the coastal area/harbour/ports. The results of this study are beneficial for policy-makers in proposing efficient strategies to reduce shipping accident casualties in the South China Sea.

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Chen, Wang, Chen Jin, and Yin Pei Wang. "Research on Hardness for Low-Alloy Steel after Fire Damage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.95.

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In chemical processing plants and petroleum refineries, the pressure vessels and pipelines suffered often from fire accidents and thus resulted in the metal materials were in overheating state. Elevated temperature could cause the changes in metallographic structure and have unfavorable effects on material mechanical properties. In order to understand better the influence laws of overheating on metallographic structures and material mechanical properties, the methods of theoretical analysis and experimental research were used and the effects of thermal exposure temperature, duration time and cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-alloy steel 12MnNiVR, were studied systematically. In the paper, mechanical testing (hardness test) are carried out to understand changes in the mechanical properties that would be observed in the metal exposed to elevated temperatures during a fire accident. The study can provide basis data for the material properties database of metal material suffered from fire accident, and afford technical supports in the key technologies on fire damage FFS (Fitness-For-Service) integrity assessment.

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Lin, Cherng Shing, Ming En Wu, and Hsin Chuan Huang. "Simulating the Spread of Smoke in Hostel Fires." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.417.

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Because public areas in Taiwan such as hostels, movie theaters, supermarkets, stadiums, and large entertainment venues are typically packed with people, when fires occur, the smoke and high heat often lead to human casualties. Therefore, the studies on fire dynamic characteristics are essential. In this paper, we studied a major fire accident occurred in one of Taipei’s major hostels, during which the lodgers awoke and attempted escape. This accident led to eight deaths; the victims either died from the burns they sustained or choked to death in their bedrooms or in the staircase. The fire accident resulted in the greatest amount of human casualties in Taipei over the past two decades. The fire dynamics simulator developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used in this study to analyze the fire dynamic field behavior. The data showed that the fire started in a room on the second floor and that the smoke spread to the entire building within approximately 3 min. Our simulation produced similar results. It is hoped that the findings can be used to improve the safety features and enhance the future fire protection designs of similar buildings so that the heavy human casualties and property losses would be greatly reduced.

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Chai, Tian, De-qi Xiong, and Jinxian Weng. "A Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Model to Evaluate Ship Sinking Accident Mortalities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 11 (July 31, 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118787388.

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Sinking accidents are a seafarer’s nightmare. Using 10 years’ of worldwide sinking accident data, this study aims to develop a mortality count model to evaluate the human life loss resulting from sinking accidents using zero-inflated negative binomial regression approaches. The model results show that the increase of the expected human life loss is the largest when a ship suffers a precedent accident of capsizing, followed by fire/explosion or collisions. Lower human life loss is associated with contact and machinery/hull damage accidents. Consistent with our expectation, cruise ships involved in sinking accidents usually suffer more human life loss than non-cruise ships and there is be a bigger mortality count for sinking accidents that occur far away from the coastal area/harbor/port. Fatalities can be less when the ship is moored or docked. The results of this study are beneficial for policy-makers in proposing efficient strategies to reduce sinking accident mortalities.

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Wang, Yan. "The Research of City Safety Evaluation Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 6140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.6140.

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On the basis of the major hazards of fire and explosion accident model, through the investigation and analysis of several chemical accident, based on existing models of Domino effect, advances in a wide variety of new model of transfer factor synthesis influence level after the accident, on the basis of the fault tree are used to determine the initial event, with software by probability combination method to calculate the impact of the secondary accidents in the area of the largest combination probability of storage tank, and, in turn, calculated based on the combination of the tank farm Domino effect probability. By various initial tank area after the accident the Domino effect probability calculation is not only beneficial to the reasonable layout of the storage tank can also be used for accident emergency decision-making and accident rescue aspects to provide data support [1].

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Su, Chang, and Wei Jia Su. "Fault Tree Analysis on Hydraulic System Causing Fire of Heavy Self-Dumping Truck." Advanced Materials Research 619 (December 2012): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.619.425.

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The fire accident of heavy mineral self-dumping truck is one of the most serious disaster in mine safety production. Research on the reasons that cause fire accident is an important study for ensuring safety production. By analyzing three elements that constitute self-dumping truck fire accident, the characteristics and easy ignition points as well as major combustion parts of self-dumping truck fire accident, we confirm that the hydraulic system leakage is the major factor that causes fire. To find out the fault reason of hydraulic system oil leakage, we analyze the composition and working principle of self-dumping truck, establish leakage fault tree of hydraulic system. Based on logic relationships between each fault and fire, we get the following conclusion: hydraulic tubing damage is the highest probability event that causes oil leakage fault. In addition, we should pay attention to spare parts management factor, correct driving factor and equipment management factor. We also propose the prevention measures of leakage and fire

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Birajdar, Gajanand S., Rajesh Singh, Anita Gehlot, and Amit Kumar Thakur. "Development in building fire detection and evacuation system-a comprehensive review." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 6644. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6644-6654.

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Fire is both beneficial to man and his environment as well as destructive and deadly among all the natural disasters. A fire Accident occurs very rarely, but once it crops up its consequences will be devastating. The early detection of fire will help to avoid further consequences and saves the life of people. During the fire accidents, it is also important to guide people within the building to exit safely. Because of this, the paper gives a review of literature related to recent advancements in building fire detection and emergency evacuation system. It is intended to provide details about fire simulation tools with features, suitable hardware, communication methods, and effective user interface.

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Hellas, Mohamed Seddik, Chaib Rachid, and Ion Verzea. "Modelling of accidental phenomena related to leakage and tank rupture of a vehicle converted to LPG." World Journal of Engineering 18, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2020-0083.

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Purpose Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), known by its ecological qualities, making Algeria has since the 1980s carried out a policy of development of LPG fuel in substitution of traditional fuels and especially petrol. However, following a series of accidents (fires, explosions, etc). that occurred in 1999, 20 years after the introduction of the LPG in France these incidents led to the search for the strengthening of the safety of the installations by better or new technical and/or organizational measures. This strategy consists in establishing a balance between environmental protection and economic profitability while ensuring the safety aspect. Design/methodology/approach The approach used is quantitative risk analysis authors have identified the potential accident scenarios that consist of leakage and rupture of tanks depend on bow tie. According to the latter using PHAST software, to model these scenarios (thermal, overpressure and dispersion) and their effects on human beings and goods. Findings In this paper, it was noted that there are scenarios such as (jet fire, dispersion), are affected by atmospheric conditions (wind speed humidity), the stronger the wind, the higher the LPG spread unlike instant scenarios (1.3 s for the fireball and millisecond for the explosion) that have not been related to climatic conditions because they have a short duration on the one hand, and on the other hand, a safe distance is given in each phenomenon. Finally, some instructions for drivers and installers have been identified by protective and preventive action. Originality/value Based on a quantitative risk analysis, this work involves modelling potential accident scenarios such as (fireball, jet fire, flash fire and explosion) in the event of a gas leak and rupture in the tank. It aims to sensitize drivers and LPG kit installers, even to get a clear view on these accidental phenomena and how to avoid them.

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He, Feng, Rui Chun He, Sheng Nan Sun, and Jiong Di Chen. "Research on the Model of Emergency Fire Rescue Vehicle Routing Selection and Resource Allocation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.824.

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In order to arrive at the scene of the fire in the shortest time dealing with the accident, considering two fires occurred at the same time, taking optimal allocation of resources at the center of the fire fighting and the least time of driving to fireground as objective functions, based on automobile brake model and two-stage scheduling mechanism, to build the total time optimal model and resource allocation optimization model. Models obtain vehicle shortest transit time and the optimal resource allocation amount, it can effectively solve routing problem of the emergency rescue vehicle, resources shortage also can be solved when many accidents happen at the same time, to avoid the waste of resources and to ease the pressure of maintenance cost.

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Yoon, Sun-Hwa. "Fire Safety Education Programs for Preventing Fire Accident of Young Children." Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering 26, no. 2 (April 30, 2012): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2012.26.2.112.

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Kim, Deug-Bong, and Hwa-Young Kim. "A Perspective on the Ship Fire Accident Caused by Automobile Fire." Korean Association of Maritime Police Science 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30887/jkmps.2018.8.4.065.

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Chung, Yeong Jin. "Accident Analysis by the Fire of Cigarettes." Journal of korean society of hazard mitigation 12, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2012.12.5.259.

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., K. Somasundaram. "FIRE ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM IN HEAVY VEHICLES." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 23 (June 25, 2014): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0323048.

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Ping, Gao, Zhang Luyan, and Fu Gui. "Safety Evaluation of Urban Large Scale Sewage Treatment Plant." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (October 27, 2015): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010906.

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In recent years, accidents of urban large scale sewage treatment plant at home and abroad have took a big loss to countries and individuals. Based on field research and scientific analysis of one large sewage treatment plant this paper use the safety check list to evaluate its safety and get that the main risk factors which should be focused on are poisoning and suffocation, electrical injuries, fire and explosion. Using accident tree method to analyze electrical equipment accidents we know that in order to prevent electric shock accident first is to use the safety equipment and control leakage events due to dirty and wet.

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Kim, Myeong-Hun, Su-Mi Han, and Hwan Kim. "A Phenomenological Study on the Exposing Experience and Overcoming of Repeated Fatal Accidents of Fire-fighting Officers on Outdoor Service." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.b7253918.

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The core purpose of this study is to provide useful information for educational and psychological programs for outdoor fire-fighters by comprehensive analysis of their repeated experience in exposure to fatal accidents and overcoming them. To this end, eight outdoor fire officials in charge of rescue and emergency affairs were selected as subjects of the study at a fire Station in Cheonan and conducted in-depth interviews. Subsequently, interview data were analyzed through Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method and 10 essential themes were derived as followings; the sorriness and regret of his inexperience at the scene of the fatal accident, the painfulness and sorriness for the inevitable fatal accident, a frightening and trembling emotional experience, the blocked emotional response, an emotionless experience, the spread of anxiety, the realization of the importance of confrontation, the realization of the importance of time to escape stress, an experience in the power of empathy and comfort from family and colleagues, and an experience in the importance of professional calling consciousness.

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G. M. Gulyamova, M. B. Aripkhodzhayeva, D. O. Nizomova, and D. M. Rakhmatova. "ABOUT METHODS OF DECREASE IN FIRE HAZARD AT GAS STATIONS." International Academy Journal Web of Scholar 1, no. 1(31) (January 31, 2019): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_wos/31012019/6306.

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In article gas stations which are still subject to public appointment are considered and located in the territory of the cities and other settlements therefore the large number of people can get to a defeat zone at possible accidents, not being working personnel of an object. Ways and methods of risk reduction his rationality and expediency are also given at emergence of accident and prevention of its possible development.

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Kang, Ho-Jung, Chae-Chil Koo, Ki-Hyuk Jung, and Jae-Wook Choi. "Analysis of the Cause of Suffocation Resulting from Leakage in Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.dac1f0ee.

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The safety of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities is studied through a fundamental case analysis of leakage accidents in carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities. In Korea, since 2001, there have been 11 accidents caused by leaks from carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities, killing 9 people and injuring more than 60 others. Recently, three subcontractors inhaled CO2 gas from a transportation passage outside a collection chamber, killing two of them and injuring the other. This incident brought social attention to the CO2 fire extinguishing facility in the first basement of S Electronics. In this study, we analyze the cause of the accident (e.g., pressure and temperature changes in the carbon dioxide leakage process) using a one-dimensional transient model, the effects of oxygen and CO2 concentration at the location of the incident, and that these results can be used as basic data to prevent suffocation disaster in carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities.

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Li, Zhenping, Sanming Wang, and Dongliang Sun. "Research on Safety Spacing of Chemical Storage Tanks Based on Accident Consequence and Risk Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019801021.

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The placement of chemical storage tanks is an important topic in industrial safety, and its placement method is based on the study of the safety spacing of storage tanks. This paper takes LPG and LNG storage tanks as examples. It uses vapor cloud explosions, pool fires, pressure vessel explosions, boiling liquid expansion vapor explosions and other fire and explosion accident consequences models and risk probability analysis methods to analyze. It is proved that the transfer of storage tanks from ground to underground can significantly reduce the scope of impact of explosion accidents, thereby increasing the utilization rate of industrial land.

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Zheng, Jiyu, Lingbo Zhang, Jiankun Gong, and Wenkun Wang. "Feature Analysis and Comparison of Prediction Methods for Fire Accidents." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 10, no. 5 (November 30, 2020): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.100516.

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Fire is one of the most common production safety accident. The trend of fire can be mastered by analyzing the historical data. This paper explores the features of recent fires in China, predicts fire by two methods, namely, grey theory, and grey Markov theory, and compares the prediction results of the two methods. The results show that: the number of fires in China increased greatly in 2013; Since 2014, the number of fires, as well as the number of deaths, the number of injured, and property loss induced by fires were declining. The maximum relative error of grey prediction was 5.8%, and that of grey Markov prediction was 5%; grey theory is less accurate in fire prediction than grey Markov prediction. According to the causes and features of fires, several preventive measures were put forward. The research results provide insights into the prevention of fires and protection of production safety.

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Mugunthan, S. R. "Early Prediction of Fire Accident in Petroleum Industries by Statistical Machine Learning Algorithm." September 2021 3, no. 3 (August 10, 2021): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2021.3.001.

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Due to unpredictability of climatic conditions across the world, early fire forecasting has become more challenging and critical for many oil and gas sectors. It is extremely hard for anyone to predict fires with any degree of certainty, especially in the gas or oil sectors. Until now, the models in use have not been adequate. However, this is critical in order to maintain workers and property safe. As a result, this research work investigates the different approaches available for fire hazard assessment and prediction in order to deal with fire dangers. Also, this research work presents the statistical machine learning methods to detect fire accidents in petroleum industries based on risk index models and risk assessment parameters by performing a statistical process. Moreover, this research work develops a statistical machine learning method to enhance the accuracy in predicting the fire occurrence. Finally, the proposed algorithm is measured by utilizing the performance metrics such as accuracy, proposed risk index, and sensitivity.

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Chi, Jen‐Hao, Sheng‐Hung Wu, and Chi‐Min Shu. "Using Fire Dynamics Simulator to Reconstruct a Hydroelectric Power Plant Fire Accident." Journal of Forensic Sciences 56, no. 6 (November 2011): 1639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01887.x.

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Yu, Meng Lu. "Analysis of Circuit Junction of Automatic Fire Alarm System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1111.

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Security problem is the main factor restricting economic development of architecture. Fire accident, in particular, results in serious casualties and losses. As building structural layout is more diversified, there are more and more assembly forms of internal structures and facilities. Automatic fire alarm system is the key in building design and construction. The thesis first of all makes an analysis of the current construction fire accident, points out the application function of fire alarm system and analyzes automatic fire alarm system circuit junction, hoping to contribute to further studies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire accident'

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