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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire conditions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Sarvaranta, Leena, and Esko Mikkola. "Fibre mortar composites in fire conditions." Fire and Materials 18, no. 1 (1994): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810180106.

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2

Martín, L. Delgado, A. García Diez, L. Rivas Soriano, and E. L. García Diez. "Meteorology and Forest Fires: Conditions for Ignition and Conditions for Development." Journal of Applied Meteorology 36, no. 6 (1997): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450-36.6.705.

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Abstract Following the theoretical model proposed in previous papers in which four types of days and their associated fire risk (daily fire risk, DFR) were defined for each size of fire, the authors conclude that the meteorological conditions that favor the generation of fires must be similar to those that are favorable to their development. In a study of burned areas, comparative results with previous works are obtained, and the parameters DFR and NDFR (normalized DFR) are proven to be in agreement with their previously assigned physical meaning. The development rather than the ignition of fo

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3

Ansley, RJ, DL Jones, TR Tunnell, BA Kramp, and PW Jacoby. "Honey Mesquite Canopy Responses to Single Winter Fires: Relation to Herbaceous Fuel, Weather and Fire Temperature." International Journal of Wildland Fire 8, no. 4 (1998): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9980241.

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Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) canopy responses to fire were measured following 20 single winter fires conducted in north Texas. Weather conditions during the fires, understory herbaceous fine fuel (fine fuel) amount and moisture content, fire temperature at 0 cm, 10-30 cm and 1-3 m above ground, and canopy responses were compared. Ten fires occurred on a site where fine fuel was a mixture of cool and warm season grasses (mixed site). The other 10 fires occurred on a site dominated by warm season grasses (warm site). When both sites were included in regressions, peak fire temperatu

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4

Hanes, Chelene, Mike Wotton, Douglas G. Woolford, David L. Martell, and Mike Flannigan. "Preceding Fall Drought Conditions and Overwinter Precipitation Effects on Spring Wildland Fire Activity in Canada." Fire 3, no. 2 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3020024.

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Spring fire activity has increased in parts of Canada, particularly in the west, prompting fire managers to seek indicators of potential activity before the fire season starts. The overwintering adjustment of the Canadian Fire Weather Index System’s Drought Code (DC) is a method to adjust and carry-over the previous season’s drought conditions into the spring and potentially point to what lies ahead. The occurrence of spring fires is most strongly influenced by moisture in fine fuels. We used a zero-inflated Poisson regression model to examine the impact of the previous end of season Drought C

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Crimmins, Michael A., and Andrew C. Comrie. "Interactions between antecedent climate and wildfire variability across south-eastern Arizona." International Journal of Wildland Fire 13, no. 4 (2004): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf03064.

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Long-term antecedent climate conditions are often overlooked as important drivers of wildfire variability. Fuel moisture levels and fine-fuel productivity are controlled by variability in precipitation and temperature at long timescales (months to years) before wildfire events. This study examines relationships between wildfire statistics (total area burned and total number of fires) aggregated for south-eastern Arizona and antecedent climate conditions relative to 29 fire seasons (April–May–June) between 1973 and 2001. High and low elevation fires were examined separately to determine the inf

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Anderson, Stuart A. J., and Wendy R. Anderson. "Ignition and fire spread thresholds in gorse (Ulex europaeus)." International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, no. 5 (2010): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09008.

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Field experiments were carried out in stands of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) in New Zealand to determine the conditions under which fires would both ignite and spread. Research and operational experience in shrub fuels suggest that there is a clear difference between conditions that support ignition only (fuel ignites but does not spread beyond a single bush or clump) and conditions that are conducive to fire spread (fuel ignites and develops into a spreading fire). It is important for fire management agencies to be equipped with knowledge of these thresholds, because the different conditions req

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7

Hayasaka, Hiroshi, Galina V. Sokolova, Andrey Ostroukhov, and Daisuke Naito. "Classification of Active Fires and Weather Conditions in the Lower Amur River Basin." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (2020): 3204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193204.

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Most wildland fires in boreal forests occur during summer, but major fires in the lower Amur River Basin of the southern Khabarovsk Krai (SKK) mainly occur in spring. To reduce active fires in the SKK, we carried out daily analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) hotspot (HS) data and various weather charts. HS data of 17 years from 2003 were used to identify the average seasonal fire occurrence. Active fire-periods were extracted by considering the number of daily HSs and their continuity. Weather charts, temperature maps, and wind maps during the top 12 active fire-p

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8

Perry, Justin J., Garry D. Cook, Erin Graham, C. P. (Mick) Meyer, Helen T. Murphy, and Jeremy VanDerWal. "Regional seasonality of fire size and fire weather conditions across Australia's northern savanna." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19031.

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Australia’s northern savannas have among the highest fire frequencies in the world. The climate is monsoonal, with a long, dry season of up to 9 months, during which most fires occur. The Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund allows land managers to generate carbon credits by abating the direct emissions of CO2 equivalent gases via prescribed burning that shifts the fire regime from predominantly large, high-intensity late dry season fires to a more benign, early dry season fire regime. However, the Australian savannas are vast and there is significant variation in weather condition

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Molina, Juan Ramón, Macarena Ortega, and Francisco Rodríguez y Silva. "Useful Life of Prescribed Fires in a Southern Mediterranean Basin: An Application to Pinus pinaster Stands in the Sierra Morena Range." Forests 12, no. 4 (2021): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040486.

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Prescribed fire is a globally relevant fuel treatment for surface fuel management and wildfire hazard reduction. However, Mediterranean ecosystems are adapted to low and moderate fires; hence, the useful life of prescribed fires is limited. Useful life is defined as the effective rotation length of prescribed fires to mitigate fire spread based on critical surface intensity for crown combustion. In this sense, the useful life of a prescribed fire focuses on surface fuel dynamics and its potential fire behavior. In Pinus pinaster stands, the useful life can be established between 0 and 4 years.

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10

Amiro, B. D., K. A. Logan, B. M. Wotton, et al. "Fire weather index system components for large fires in the Canadian boreal forest." International Journal of Wildland Fire 13, no. 4 (2004): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf03066.

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Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System components and head fire intensities were calculated for fires greater than 2 km2 in size for the boreal and taiga ecozones of Canada from 1959 to 1999. The highest noon-hour values were analysed that occurred during the first 21 days of each of 9333 fires. Depending on ecozone, the means of the FWI System parameters ranged from: fine fuel moisture code (FFMC), 90 to 92 (82 to 96 for individual fires); duff moisture code (DMC), 38 to 78 (10 to 140 for individual fires); drought code (DC), 210 to 372 (50 to 600 for individual fires); and fire weather ind

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11

Bednar, Larry F., Romain Mees, and David Strauss. "Fire Suppression Effectiveness for Simultaneous Fires: An Examination of Fire Histories." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 1 (1990): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/5.1.16.

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Abstract We examined fire and weather records for areas of the western United States for the period 1970-1984 to determine the effects of simultaneous wildfire occurrence on fire suppression efforts. Burning conditions were accounted for by use of short strings of fires which involved simultaneous suppression efforts. These strings were matched with closely preceding isolated fires to form matched sets, which were used to examine the relative effects of simultaneous fire occurrence. Fires were predominantly lightning-caused, and within matched sets they showed little difference in burning cond

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12

Frangi, A., and M. Fontana. "Fire Performance Of Timber Structures Under Natural Fire Conditions." Fire Safety Science 8 (2005): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.8-279.

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13

Mondal, Nandita, and Raman Sukumar. "Characterising weather patterns associated with fire in a seasonally dry tropical forest in southern India." International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, no. 2 (2014): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13002.

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Anthropogenic fires in seasonally dry tropical forests are a regular occurrence during the dry season. Forest managers in India, who presently follow a fire suppression policy in such forests, would benefit from a system of assessing the potential risk to fire on a particular day. We examined the relationship between weather variables (seasonal rainfall, relative humidity, temperature) and days of fire during the dry seasons of 2004–2010, based on MODIS fire incident data in the seasonally dry tropical forests of Mudumalai in the Western Ghats, southern India. Logistic regression analysis show

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14

Cerdà, Artemi. "Post-fire dynamics of erosional processes under Mediterranean climatic conditions." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 42, no. 3 (1998): 373–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/42/1998/373.

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15

Jevtić, Radoje B. "Fire simulation in house conditions." Tehnika 71, no. 1 (2016): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1601160j.

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16

Roszkowski, Paweł, Bartłomiej Sędłak, and Paweł Sulik. "Elastomer Spacers in Fire Conditions." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 26, no. 3 (2017): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2017-0039.

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Abstract In the paper, fire resistance of linear joints seal made of elastomer spacers under standard fire conditions, and thermal degradation range of EPDM elastomeric spacers are investigated. The geometry of elastomer spacer joints is important not only for their load capacity under normal conditions - thickness, width, and cavity depth can also influence fire resistance performance. Linear joints of different thicknesses and widths have been tested. The fire insulation and fire integrity were verified for various arrangements. Relatively low thermal degradation rates have been measured, gi

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17

Josephson, Alexander J., Daniel Castaño, Marlin J. Holmes, and Rodman R. Linn. "Simulation Comparisons of Particulate Emissions from Fires under Marginal and Critical Conditions." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (2019): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110704.

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Using a particulate emissions model developed for FIRETEC, we explore differences in particle emission profiles between high-intensity fires under critical conditions and low-intensity fires under marginal conditions. Simulations were performed in a chaparral shrubland and a coniferous pine forest representative of the southeast United States. In each case, simulations were carried out under marginal and critical fire conditions. Marginal fire conditions include high moisture levels and low winds, often desired for prescribed fires as these conditions produce a low-intensity burn with slower s

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18

Hayasaka, Hiroshi, Koji Yamazaki, and Daisuke Naito. "Weather Conditions and Warm Air Masses in Southern Sakha During Active Forest Fire Periods." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 4 (2019): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0641.

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Forest fires are a common and destructive natural disaster in Russia. Weather conditions during active forest fire periods in southern Sakha (Eastern Siberia) at high latitudes (58–65°N, 120–140°E) were evaluated. Periods of high fire activity during 2002 to 2016 were identified using MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) hotspot data by considering the number of daily hotspots and their continuity. Weather conditions during the top seven periods of high fire activity were analyzed using atmospheric reanalysis data for upper (500 hPa) and lower levels (925 hPa). Our results sho

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19

Clements, Craig B., Neil P. Lareau, Daisuke Seto, et al. "Fire weather conditions and fire–atmosphere interactions observed during low-intensity prescribed fires – RxCADRE 2012." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 1 (2016): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14173.

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20

Mees, R. "Is Arson Associated with Severe Fire Weather in Southern California?" International Journal of Wildland Fire 1, no. 2 (1991): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9910097.

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Under severe fire weather conditions arson is believed to be the primary cause of large wildland fires in southern California. Wildland fire suppression personnel and the public use the the expression "This weather brings out the arsonists" to indicate their awareness of the high potential for large arson-caused fires under these conditions. To determine the accuracy of this statement, fire occurrence and weather data were analyzed for four southern California National Forests for a 10-year period (1975–1984). The results showed that the proportion of arson and non-arson person-caused fires re

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21

Wardlaw, Tim. "Measuring a Fire. The Story of the January 2019 Fire Told from Measurements at the Warra Supersite, Tasmania." Fire 4, no. 2 (2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4020015.

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Non-stand-replacing wildfires are the most common natural disturbance in the tall eucalypt forests of Tasmania, yet little is known about the conditions under which these fires burn and the effects they have on the forest. A dry lightning storm in January 2019 initiated the Riveaux Road fire. This fire burnt nearly 64,000 ha of land, including tall eucalypt forests at the Warra Supersite. At the Supersite, the passage of the fire was recorded by a suite of instruments measuring weather conditions and fluxes (carbon, water and energy), while a network of permanent plots measured vegetation chan

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22

Nash, C. H., and E. A. Johnson. "Synoptic climatology of lightning-caused forest fires in subalpine and boreal forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 10 (1996): 1859–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-211.

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The coupling of synoptic scale weather conditions with local scale weather and fuel conditions was examined for 2551 fires and 1 537 624 lightning strikes for the May through August fire seasons in 1988, 1989, 1992, and 1993 in Alberta and Saskatchewan. The probability of lightning fire occurrence (number of fires/number of strikes) is near zero until the Fine Fuel Moisture Code reaches 87 (moisture content of 14% dry weight), after which the probability increases rapidly. Duff Moisture and Drought Codes show less clear increases. In all cases, the probability of fire occurrence was low (the n

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23

Oliveras, Imma, Marc Gracia, Gerard Moré, and Javier Retana. "Factors influencing the pattern of fire severities in a large wildfire under extreme meteorological conditions in the Mediterranean basin." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 7 (2009): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08070.

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In Mediterranean ecosystems, large fires frequently burn under extreme meteorological conditions, but they are usually characterized by a spatial heterogeneity of burn severities. The way in which such mixed-severity fires are a result of fuels, topography and weather remains poorly understood. We computed fire severity of a large wildfire that occurred in Catalonia, Spain, as the difference between the post- and pre-fire Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values obtained through Landsat images. Fuel and topographic variables were derived from remote sensing, and fire behavior varia

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Heidari, Hadi, Mazdak Arabi, and Travis Warziniack. "Effects of Climate Change on Natural-Caused Fire Activity in Western U.S. National Forests." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (2021): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12080981.

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Climate change, with warming temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns, may increase natural-caused forest fire activity. Increasing natural-caused fires throughout western United States national forests could place people, property, and infrastructure at risk in the future. We used the fine K nearest neighbor (KNN) method coupled with the downscaled Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) climate dataset to estimate changes in the rate of natural-caused fires in western United States national forests. We projected changes in the rate of minor and major forest fires from histor

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Fernández-Alaiz, Florencio, Ana Maria Castañón, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, and Marc Bascompta. "Mine Fire Behavior under Different Ventilation Conditions: Real-Scale Tests and CFD Modeling." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 3380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103380.

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Fires in underground spaces are especially relevant due to their potential mortality. However, there is not much research in real-scale spaces done so far. In this study, several fire scenarios were analyzed in an underground drift, taking into account the main environmental variables: airflow, temperature, oxygen, and pollutants. The behavior before and after the fire load was determined, as well as the evolution of the fire over time throughout the drift and its cross-section, finding important trends of the fire based on the airflow–fuel load ratio. Furthermore, the five most representative

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Sherriff, Rosemary L., and Thomas T. Veblen. "Variability in fire - climate relationships in ponderosa pine forests in the Colorado Front Range." International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, no. 1 (2008): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07029.

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Understanding the interactions of climate variability and wildfire has been a primary objective of recent fire history research. The present study examines the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on fire occurrence using fire-scar evidence from 58 sites from the lower ecotone to the upper elevational limits of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in northern Colorado. An important finding is that at low v. high elevations within the montane zone, climatic patterns conducive to years of widespread fire are d

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O'Connor, Christopher D., David E. Calkin, and Matthew P. Thompson. "An empirical machine learning method for predicting potential fire control locations for pre-fire planning and operational fire management." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 7 (2017): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16135.

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During active fire incidents, decisions regarding where and how to safely and effectively deploy resources to meet management objectives are often made under rapidly evolving conditions, with limited time to assess management strategies or for development of backup plans if initial efforts prove unsuccessful. Under all but the most extreme fire weather conditions, topography and fuels are significant factors affecting potential fire spread and burn severity. We leverage these relationships to quantify the effects of topography, fuel characteristics, road networks and fire suppression effort on

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Melnyk, Ye Ye. "FORECASTING OF FIRE DANGER BY WEATHER CONDITIONS IN FORESTS OF THE GREEN BELT OF KHARKIV CITY." Forestry and Forest Melioration, no. 132 (February 5, 2018): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33220/1026-3365.132.2018.131.

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The tendency of the fire emergence in the forests of Kharkiv city green belt was studied in the case of the forests located in Zhovtneve Forest Enterprise for the period of 2005–2017. The numbers of fire occurrences have been analysed and compared with the current system of assessing the fire hazard class in Ukraine. By the weather conditions the effectiveness of the system was assessed for the studying territory. The features of the emergence of fires in different months of the fire hazard period were investigated and the difference in numbers of forest fire occurrences was determined in sepa

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Yang, Seung-Cho, and Jae-Sung Lee. "Investigation of Fire Resistance Performance Considering Fire Conditions in Compartments." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 19, no. 5 (2019): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2019.19.5.119.

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LI, Hong, and Yang GAO. "Escape Decision-Making under Real Fire and Simulated Fire Conditions." Acta Psychologica Sinica 45, no. 9 (2013): 993–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2013.00993.

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31

Yin, ZY. "Fire Regime of the Okefenokee Swamp and Its Relation to Hydrological and Climatic Conditions." International Journal of Wildland Fire 3, no. 4 (1993): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9930229.

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A fire record of the Okefenokee Swamp National Wildlife Refuge during the period 1938-1989 was examined in this study. Frequency analysis indicated that fires with burnt area 50% or more of the swamp area have return periods longer than 100 years, much longer than the previously assumed 20-25 year return period. Results of statistical analysis showed that fire activity is significantly related to die water level of the Okefenokee Swamp. Based on this relationship, a potential fire size can be estimated for a given water level. It seemed difficult to prove the link between the fire activity in

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Gartner, Meredith H., Thomas T. Veblen, Rosemary L. Sherriff, and Tania L. Schoennagel. "Proximity to grasslands influences fire frequency and sensitivity to climate variability in ponderosa pine forests of the Colorado Front Range." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 5 (2012): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf10103.

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This study examines the influence of grasslands on fire frequency and occurrence in the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-dominated forests of the central and northern Colorado Front Range. Fire frequency based on tree-ring fire-scar data was compared between 34 fire history sites adjacent to grasslands and 34 fire history sites not adjacent to grasslands for the time period 1675–1920. Relationships were examined between fire occurrence and values of the Palmer Drought Severity Index and sea-surface temperatures from the NINO3 region of the tropical Pacific Ocean (positive values indicating El

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Chu, T., and X. Guo. "An assessment of fire occurrence regime and performance of Canadian fire weather index in south central Siberian boreal region." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 7 (2014): 4711–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-4711-2014.

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Abstract. Wildfire is the dominant natural disturbance in Eurasian boreal region, which acts as a major driver of the global carbon cycle. An effectiveness of wildfire management requires suitable tools for fire prevention and fire risk assessment. This study aims to investigate fire occurrence patterns in relation to fire weather conditions in the remote south central Siberia region. The Canadian Fire Weather Index derived from large-scale meteorological reanalysis data was evaluated with respects to fire regimes during 14 consecutive fire seasons in south central Siberian environment. All th

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White, Benjamin Leonardo Alves, and Maria Flaviane Almeida Silva. "ESTIMATING FINE DEAD FUEL MOISTURE CONTENT UNDER EQUATORIAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS." FLORESTA 51, no. 3 (2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i3.72389.

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The measurement of the fine dead fuel moisture content (FDFMC) is extremely important for forest fire prevention and suppression activities, as it has a great influence on the ignition probability and fire behavior. The Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) from the Fire Weather Index (FWI), is one of the most used models to estimate the FDFMC. Nevertheless, studies that assess the efficiency of this model in Brazil or in low latitude regions are rare. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the FFMC in an equatorial climate area and to develop a new model capable of estimating the FDFM

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Baleshan, Balachandren, and Mahen Mahendran. "Experimental study of light gauge steel framing floor systems under fire conditions." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 3 (2016): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216653508.

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Cold-formed steel members can be assembled in various combinations to provide cost-efficient and safe light gauge floor systems for buildings. Such light gauge steel framing floor systems are widely accepted in industrial and commercial building construction. Light gauge steel framing floor systems must be designed to serve as fire compartment boundaries and provide adequate fire resistance. Floor assemblies with higher fire resistance rating are needed to develop resilient building systems for extreme fire events. Recently, a new composite panel system based on external insulation has been de

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Meigs, Garrett W., Christopher J. Dunn, Sean A. Parks, and Meg A. Krawchuk. "Influence of topography and fuels on fire refugia probability under varying fire weather conditions in forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 7 (2020): 636–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0406.

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Fire refugia — locations that burn less severely or less frequently than surrounding areas — support late-successional and old-growth forest structure and function. This study investigates the influence of topography and fuels on the probability of forest fire refugia under varying fire weather conditions. We focused on recent large fires in Oregon and Washington, United States (n = 39 fires > 400 ha, 2004–2014). Our objectives were to (1) map fire refugia as a component of the burn severity gradient, (2) quantify the predictability of fire refugia as a function of prefire fuels and topogra

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Mathieu, Renaud, Russell Main, David P. Roy, Laven Naidoo, and Hannah Yang. "The Effect of Surface Fire in Savannah Systems in the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, on the Backscatter of C-Band Sentinel-1 Images." Fire 2, no. 3 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire2030037.

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Savannahs are mixed woody-grass communities where low-intensity surface fires are common, affecting mostly the grass layer and rarely damaging trees. We investigated the effect of surface fires in a savannah system in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, on the backscatter of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) C-band Sentinel-1A images. Pre-fire and post-fire dual polarized (VH, VV) C-band backscatter values were examined for 30 burn events. For all events, a systematic backscatter decrease from pre-fire to post-fire conditions was observed, with mean backscatter decreases of 1.61 dB and 0.99 d

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Lahaye, S., T. Curt, T. Fréjaville, J. Sharples, L. Paradis, and C. Hély. "What are the drivers of dangerous fires in Mediterranean France?" International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 3 (2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17087.

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Wildfire containment is often very challenging for firefighters, especially for large and rapidly spreading fires where the risk of firefighter entrapment is high. However, the conditions leading to these ‘dangerous’ fires are poorly understood in Mediterranean Europe. Here, we analyse reports and interviews of firefighters over the last 40 years in four regions of south-eastern France and investigate the weather conditions that induce large fires, fast-growing fires and fires that are conducive to entrapment. We adopt a quantile regression model to test the effect of weather conditions across

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Lyon, Zachary D., Penelope Morgan, Camille S. Stevens-Rumann, Aaron M. Sparks, Robert F. Keefe, and Alistair M. S. Smith. "Fire behaviour in masticated forest fuels: lab and prescribed fire experiments." International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 4 (2018): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17145.

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Managers masticate fuels to reduce extreme fire hazards, but the effect on fire behaviour within the resulting compact fuelbeds is poorly understood. We burned 54 masticated fuelbeds in laboratory experiments one and two growing seasons after mastication and 75 masticated fuelbeds in prescribed fire experiments one growing season after treatment in three replicate Pinus ponderosa stands. Mastication treatments reduced density of trees >5 cm diameter by 30–72% resulting in total fuel depth of 6.9–13.7 cm and surface woody fuel loading of 1.0–16.0 kg m−2. Flame length and rate of spread were

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Hansen, Rickard. "Estimating the amount of water required to extinguish wildfires under different conditions and in various fuel types." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 5 (2012): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11022.

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In wildland fires where water is used as the primary extinguishing agent, one of the issues of wildfire suppression is estimating how much water is required to extinguish a certain section of the fire. In order to use easily distinguished and available indicators, the flame length and the area of the active combustion zone were chosen as suitable for the modelling of extinguishing requirements. Using Byram’s and Thomas’ equations, the heat release rate per unit length of fire front was calculated for low-intensity surface fires, fires with higher wind conditions, fires in steep terrain and hig

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Novozhilov, V. "Flashover control under fire suppression conditions." Fire Safety Journal 36, no. 7 (2001): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-7112(01)00019-4.

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Gann, Richard G., Vytenis Babrauskas, Richard D. Peacock, and John R. Hall. "Fire conditions for smoke toxicity measurement." Fire and Materials 18, no. 3 (1994): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810180306.

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Cachim, Paulo Barreto, Miguel M. Morais, João Coroado, Nuno Lopes, and Ana L. Velosa. "Behaviour of limecrete under fire conditions." Fire and Materials 36, no. 4 (2011): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.1110.

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Knobloch, Markus, and Mario Fontana. "Local buckling behaviour under fire conditions." IABSE Symposium Report 90, no. 7 (2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137805796270892.

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Wong, M. B. "Plastic Frame Analysis under Fire Conditions." Journal of Structural Engineering 127, no. 3 (2001): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2001)127:3(290).

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Mohd Radzi, Noor Azim, Roszilah Hamid, Azrul A. Mutalib, and A. B. M. Amrul Kaish. "A Review of Precast Concrete Beam-to-Column Connections Subjected to Severe Fire Conditions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (November 30, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8831120.

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Fire exposure can have a significant impact on the structural integrity and robustness of precast concrete beam-to-column connections. Given the importance of fire safety in the design of a structure, it is critical to understand the damage that may occur in the event of a fire to be able to prevent the building from collapsing. No comprehensive study has been carried out to determine the effects of fire on semirigid and pinned concrete beam-to-column connections. Most studies focused on the impact of exposure of rigid concrete beam-to-column connections to high temperatures. This paper is a c

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Beverly, Jennifer L. "Time since prior wildfire affects subsequent fire containment in black spruce." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 11 (2017): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17051.

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In black spruce forests characterised by high-intensity crown fires, early detection and containment of fires while they are small is crucial for averting progression to fire intensities that exceed suppression capabilities. Fire behaviour conditions encountered during initial attack operations are a key determinant of containment success. Conditions will be controlled in part by stand structural characteristics that can be expected to vary as a fire-origin black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stand ages with increasing time-since-fire. In this study, the influence of time-since-fire on

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Kirsanov, Alexander, Inna Rozinkina, Gdaliy Rivin, Denis Zakharchenko, and Alexander Olchev. "Effect of Natural Forest Fires on Regional Weather Conditions in Siberia." Atmosphere 11, no. 10 (2020): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101133.

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Effects of forest fires on regional weather conditions were analyzed for Central and Eastern Siberia after warm and dry weather conditions in summer 2019 using COSMO-Ru (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdeling; Ru—Russia) and COSMO-RuART (ART—Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) model systems. Four series of numerical experiments were conducted (one control experiment and three forest fire experiments assuming total vegetation destruction within the burned areas) to evaluate possible effects of forest fires on surface albedo and vegetation properties as well as their influence on air chemistry and a

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Hwang, Ju-young, Hyo-Gyoung Kwak, and Yonghoon Lee. "Numerical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Under Various Fire Scenarios." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 2 (2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.2.189.

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Since structural damage by fire in modern Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures causes significant loss of human life and property, it is important to evaluate the residual capacity of fire-damaged RC structures exposed to high temperatures. In this study, the behavior of fire-damaged RC frame structures (single-bay & three-bay frame), considering non-mechanical strain, was investigated by applying numerical analysis. The behavior mechanism was analyzed by numerical results of the single-bay frame and similar behavior was observed in each member of the three-bay frame. Principally, regarding

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Jenkins, Mary Ann. "An examination of the sensitivity of numerically simulated wildfires to low-level atmospheric stability and moisture, and the consequences for the Haines Index." International Journal of Wildland Fire 11, no. 4 (2002): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf02006.

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The Haines Index, an operational fire–weather index introduced in 1988 and based on the observed stability and moisture content of the near-surface atmosphere, has been a useful indicator of the potential for high-risk fires in low wind conditions and flat terrain. The Haines Index is of limited use, however, as a predictor of actual fire behavior. To develop a fire–weather index to predict severe or erratic wildfire behavior, an understanding of how the ambient lower-level atmospheric stability and moisture affects the growth of a wildfire is needed. This study is a first step in this process

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