Academic literature on the topic 'Fire engines in art'

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Journal articles on the topic "Fire engines in art"

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Kristen, Christine. "Playing with Fire." Leonardo 40, no. 4 (August 2007): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2007.40.4.332.

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Fire as an art form is evolving in the Black Rock Desert of Nevada, where many Burning Man artists explore the creation and manipulation of fire in their installations. Sculptors, engineers, geeks and pyromaniacs experiment with open fires, pressurized gases and pyrotechnics to produce mesmerizing and beautiful works of art.
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Plohberger, D. C., T. Fessl, F. Gruber, and G. R. Herdin. "Advanced Gas Engine Cogeneration Technology for Special Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815471.

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In recent years gas Otto-cycle engines have become common for various applications in the field of power and heat generation. Gas engines in gen-sets and cogeneration plants can be found in industrial sites, oil and gas field application, hospitals, public communities, etc., mainly in the U.S., Japan, and Europe, and with an increasing potential in the upcoming areas in the far east. Gas engines are chosen sometimes even to replace diesel engines, because of their clean exhaust emission characteristics and the ample availability of natural gas in the world. The Austrian Jenbacher Energie Systeme AG has been producing gas engines in the range of 300 to 1600 kW since 1960. The product program covers state-of-the-art natural gas engines as well as advanced applications for a wide range of alternative gas fuels with emission levels comparable to Low Emission (LEV) and Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) standards. In recent times the demand for special cogeneration applications is rising. For example, a turnkey cogeneration power plant for a total 14.4 MW electric power and heat output consisting of four JMS616-GSNLC/B spark-fired gas engines specially tuned for high altitude operation has been delivered to the well-known European ski resort of Sestriere. Sestriere is situated in the Italian Alps at an altitude of more than 2000 m (approx. 6700 ft) above sea level. The engines feature a turbocharging system tuned to an ambient air pressure of only 80 kPa to provide an output and efficiency of each 1.6 MW and up to 40 percent @ 1500 rpm, respectively. The ever-increasing demand for lower pollutant emissions in the U.S. and some European countries initiates developments in new exhaust aftertreatment technologies. Thermal reactor and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems are used to reduce tailpipe CO and NOx emissions of engines. Both SCR and thermal reactor technology will shift the engine tuning to achieve maximum efficiency and power output. Development results are presented, featuring the ultra low emission potential of biogas and natural gas engines with exhaust aftertreatment.
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Kade, Richard. "De Profundus: Adumbrative Reflections?" Leonardo 33, no. 3 (June 2000): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409400552432.

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Leonardo was a man who designed war engines. He also anatomized, stripped The flesh from the body And saw the soul; made perspective From a flat sheet flex Round as a moving limb. Transmuted the past to the future In a credible flying device. He inspired a journal's creation over four centuries later; A journal of fine art that grips The same universe as Leonardo And fills it with vigor. That covers the whole field of inquiry made possible with Modern scientific techniques. The art is new. The journal is Leonardo. Subscription is a solid chunk of man's future.
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Clark, Nigel, and Kathryn Yusoff. "Queer Fire: Ecology, Combustion and Pyrosexual Desire." Feminist Review 118, no. 1 (April 2018): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41305-018-0101-3.

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We set out by noting the preference for circular flows in ecological thought, and the related abhorrence of inefficiency and waste that Western ecology shares with mainstream economic thinking. This has often been manifest in a shared disdain both for uncontained, free-burning fire and for ‘unmanaged’ sexual desire. The paper constructs a ‘pyrosexual’ counter-narrative that explores the mutually constitutive and generative implication of sex and fire. Bringing together the solar ecology of Georges Bataille, feminist and queer thinking about sexuality and reproduction, and a range of ways of theorising biological life and fire, we explore how fire mediates between organismic desire and the energetic dynamics of the earth and solar system. The first section takes a genealogical approach to fire and sex that traces their entanglement from the initial ‘assembling’ of fire through to the emergence of a fire-handling creature. The second section looks at how fire has been contained and intensified by human actors, and the role that heat-driven transformations of inorganic matter have played in the incitement and channeling of desire in urban spaces. The third section addresses the development of industrial ‘heat engines’ and the implications for desire and reproduction of tapping vast reservoirs of subterranean solar energy. We round off by beginning to consider what alternative possibilities might lie in the renegotiation of sex and fire on a planet undergoing rapid change.
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Wang, Bin, Haijiang Li, Yacine Rezgui, Alex Bradley, and Hoang N. Ong. "BIM Based Virtual Environment for Fire Emergency Evacuation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/589016.

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Recent building emergency management research has highlighted the need for the effective utilization of dynamically changing building information. BIM (building information modelling) can play a significant role in this process due to its comprehensive and standardized data format and integrated process. This paper introduces a BIM based virtual environment supported by virtual reality (VR) and a serious game engine to address several key issues for building emergency management, for example, timely two-way information updating and better emergency awareness training. The focus of this paper lies on how to utilize BIM as a comprehensive building information provider to work with virtual reality technologies to build an adaptable immersive serious game environment to provide real-time fire evacuation guidance. The innovation lies on the seamless integration between BIM and a serious game based virtual reality (VR) environment aiming at practical problem solving by leveraging state-of-the-art computing technologies. The system has been tested for its robustness and functionality against the development requirements, and the results showed promising potential to support more effective emergency management.
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Sesták, J. "The role of order and disorder in thermal and material sciences part 1: Heat and society." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 38, no. 1-2 (2002): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0202001s.

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The notion of heat is thoroughly analyzed and its historical links are searched particularly with relation to both the Greek philosophy (Milesians, Pythagoreans, atomists, etc.) and in the present day thermal physics. Fluctuation, spontaneity and chaos are discussed. Thermodynamics is reviewed in the relation to both the traditional development and the modern description of disequilibria (open systems). Effect of dissipation is shown often to provide new, self-organized structures. Exploitation of fire and its conscious use as a manufacturing power are analyzed in terms of generalized engines to act in the sense of the information transducers.
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Chuian, V., O. Тymoshenko, and A. Hrachov. "EFFECT OF OPERATING PARAMETERS UPON PERFORMANCE OF FUNCTIONAL SPECIMENS OF HIGH EXPANSION FOAM GENERATORS." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2019.2.14-21.

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The issues related to application of high expansion foam as flooding fire extinguishing agent as well as necessity of the development of high expansion foam generators in Ukraine are considered. Patent search concerning appropriate devices for generation of high expansion foam from foam solutions was conducted and it showed specific features of the components when generating high expansion foam. The results of the research of operating parameters of prototypes of high expansion foam generators of fan and ejection types are presented. For high expansion foam generators of fan type dependence of foam expansion, foam solution flow rate and amount of spent foam solution on the performance of the spray nozzle at different pressures and ratio of fan performance to the spray nozzle performance was established; the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the fan to the total area of the perforated holes in the foaming grid was studied, too. For high-expansion foam generators of the ejection type dependence of foam expansion, foam solution flow rate and amount of spent foam solution on the capacity of the spray nozzle unit at different pressures, foam solution flow rate to the total area of the holes in the foaming grid, and ratio of the cross-sectional area of the generator to the total area of the perforated holes of the foaming grid were studied. Functional models of the mentioned types of generators (both ejection (aspiration) one and generator equipped with fan (air blowing unit)) were developed, created and tested for the purpose of derivation of appropriate relations between their conditions of use and performance. At the same time, high expansion foam generators of fan type by their weight and size parameters are intended for use in the divisions of the Operative and Rescue Service of Civil Protection of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine as portable firefighting units. Such firefighting units are intended to be installed first of all on any state-of-the-art municipal fire engines equipped with autonomous AC generators. High expansion foam generators of ejection type are intended for use as firefighting units in foam firefighting systems of various facilities with fire hazard.
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Marx, Leo. "The Railroad-in-the-Landscape: An Iconological Reading of a Theme in American Art." Prospects 10 (October 1985): 77–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300004075.

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Of all the great modern innovations, the railroad probably is the one to which American artists have accorded the largest significance. The passenger railroad first appeared on the American scene in the 1830s, and it almost immediately caught the eye of several of the nation's most gifted landscape painters. By the time of the Civil War the new machine already had been incorporated into the work of Thomas Cole, Thomas Doughty, Asher Durand, and John Kensett. The subject attracted their attention, for one thing, because of its newness — its radically innovative character-and, for another, because of its compelling visual properties. A steam-powered locomotive moving across the landscape is an arresting sight-so arresting, indeed, that its visual character alone might seem to account for the strong hold it so quickly took on the imagination of artists. Here, after all, was an imposing, mobile, man-made contrivance, a complicated mechanism wrought of dark metal in various shifting sharp-edged geometric forms; the engine's motive power was made visible by the train of cars it pulled, the surging puffs of smoke and steam (black or white or both) that trailed behind it, and the intermittent flashes of red when its fire box was open.
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Cerquitelli, Tania, Giovanni Malnati, and Daniele Apiletti. "Exploiting Scalable Machine-Learning Distributed Frameworks to Forecast Power Consumption of Buildings." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152933.

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The pervasive and increasing deployment of smart meters allows collecting a huge amount of fine-grained energy data in different urban scenarios. The analysis of such data is challenging and opening up a variety of interesting and new research issues across energy and computer science research areas. The key role of computer scientists is providing energy researchers and practitioners with cutting-edge and scalable analytics engines to effectively support their daily research activities, hence fostering and leveraging data-driven approaches. This paper presents SPEC, a scalable and distributed engine to predict building-specific power consumption. SPEC addresses the full analytic stack and exploits a data stream approach over sliding time windows to train a prediction model tailored to each building. The model allows us to predict the upcoming power consumption at a time instant in the near future. SPEC integrates different machine learning approaches, specifically ridge regression, artificial neural networks, and random forest regression, to predict fine-grained values of power consumption, and a classification model, the random forest classifier, to forecast a coarse consumption level. SPEC exploits state-of-the-art distributed computing frameworks to address the big data challenges in harvesting energy data: the current implementation runs on Apache Spark, the most widespread high-performance data-processing platform, and can natively scale to huge datasets. As a case study, SPEC has been tested on real data of an heating distribution network and power consumption data collected in a major Italian city. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPEC to forecast both fine-grained values and coarse levels of power consumption of buildings.
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Sesták, Jaroslav. "The role of order and disorder in thermal and material sciences part 2: Scientific world and new insights." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 39, no. 3-4 (2003): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0304407s.

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The notion of heat is thoroughly analyzed and its historical links are search particularly with relation to both the Greek philosophy (Mile in print sians Pythagoreans, atomists, etc) and the in the present day thermal physics. Fluctuation, spontaneity and chaos is discussed. Thermodynamics is reviewed in the relation to both the traditional development and the modern description of disequilibria (open systems). Effect of dissipation is shown often to provide new, self-organized structures. Exploitation of fire and its conscious use as a manufacturing power are analyzed in terms of generalized engines to act in the sense of as the information transducers. The part 2 reveals the impact of mathematics as explained on some simple cases showing development of basic ideas (vibration, topology, bifurcations etc). Earth thermal environment is discussed in relation to the existence of life (antropy principles). Alternative theory of reaction-diffusion model of the space-time is put in contrast with big bang hypothesis and related to the herewith-discussed specialty of self-catalyzed chemical reactions. The text gives a consistent view to various historical and modern concepts that emerged during the gradual understanding of order and disorder.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fire engines in art"

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Abu, Talib Abd Rahim. "Detailed investigation of the low-temperature analogy of an aircraft engine standard fire-test." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289368.

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Marlow, Gregory. "Week 03, Video 04: Render Engines." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/27.

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Entwistle, Jeremy. "Metal casting the fire of art and industry /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5179.

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Thesis (M.F.A.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 45 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43).
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Donaghy, Kevin Robert. "Fire propagation and heat transfer modelling within the BR710 nacelle for certification purposes." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322847.

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Petzwinkler, Thomas. "Behind the Fire Line." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/121.

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BEHIND THE FIRE LINEA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Fine Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University, 2004. Major Director: Jim Long, Department Chair. Behind the Line of Fire is a documentary of the professional lives of a group of firefighters. Inspired by the events of September 11th, it has been an ongoing journey for me as I continue to interact with an photograph these individuals doing the job that they live for. My goal for this project has been to work within the guidelines of a documentary, a genre that has a rich, diverse, and defined history. I did not want to show scenes in which firefighters were depicted in typically iconographic scenarios. I have not made any images to date representing exploding structures with firefighters risking life and limb fighting the fire, nor have I shown the firefighters performing heroic acts such as rescuing a child or an animal. I believe the imagery I have created presents firefighters in a different light. These are men and women working. There are no hidden meanings or agendas involved. The photos are to be taken at face value as images of people whose lives revolve around what they do.
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Rundquist, Leisa Mavor Carol. "Pyre a poetics of fire and childhood in the art of Henry Darger /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1155.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Art." Discipline: Art; Department/School: Art.
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Walcott, Taro A. "Design Exploration of Atlanta Apparatus Instrument Panel." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6963.

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The fire department depends on the fire apparatus to support the many roles firefighters fulfill in the community. The instrument panel of the fire apparatus is the primary man-machine interface for controlling the vehicle. The instrument panel contains many gauges and controls for the numerous features of the apparatus. This research reflects the investigation of how the fire apparatus instrument panel is used by the Atlanta Fire Department. Research involves an immersive study observing the Atlanta firefighters. Surveys and a design critique were developed to obtained firefighter feedback. A comparison of similar tasks was completed to Based on the feedback from fire apparatus drivers and captains design concepts were developed. Concepts are desiged to help the driver and the captain of the apparatus.
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Vezzosi, Riccardo. "State of the art and critical review of pre-chamber ignition systems for passenger car spark ignition engines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22702/.

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Pre-chamber ignition systems are currently one of the most attractive developments for SI engines. The objective of this thesis is to present the technology at it's current state, focusing on passenger vehicles application, to analyse what issues need to be addressed for it to widely come to the market and what the potential of this techology is for the SI engine future. Replacing the spark plug with a new system capable of igniting a much leaner mixture, to reduce the likelyhood of knock, was the initial goal of the pre-chamber ignition system. What the system achieves is also a much faster combustion speed, which can deliver greater effciency, power, and reduce knock occurrence even with stoichiometric AFR. The implementation of the system presents signifcant challenges, which led many researchers to propose and patent a multitude of solutions which spawned from the original idea. Although for long time the diffculties with respect to a common spark plug ignition system have far outweighted the pros of the pre-chamber ignition, with time and the advancements in electronic controls, injectors and other systems, the research on this system gains a renewed interest.
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Alford, Erin Alexandra. "Remembering Her Passionate Voice| A Performer's Guide to Jake Heggie's Camille Claudel| Into the Fire." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10264089.

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American composer Jake Heggie wrote Camille Claudel: Into the Fire in 2012 for the Alexander String Quartet and mezzo-soprano Joyce DiDonato. As Heggie is known for his operas Dead Man Walking, Moby-Dick, and most recently, Great Scott, it is not surprising that his seven-song cycle about this passionate female French sculptor is of operatic dramaturgical and musical quality. Due to the complexities and bias that surround Claudel’s life story, and the relative novelty of Heggie’s music within the art song genre, there is a lack of literature regarding the presentation of an authentic performance of this cycle. This project report concentrates on providing the singer with an interpretive framework based on how Heggie’s musical influences and tendencies, along with Gene Scheer’s historical, first person narrative, reflect Claudel’s life, work, and fiery personality. Through a deeper understanding of Heggie’s music in correspondence with Scheer’s poetry, a singer can effectively embody the unparalleled passion, artistry, and voice of Camille Claudel.

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Rodriguez, Abigail E. "Playing With Fire: An Examination of the Context and Conservation of Jose Clemente Orozco's Prometheus." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/860.

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Tucked within Pomona College’s campus in Claremont, California, sits Frary Hall, the home of Mexican muralist Jose Clemente Orozco’s first work in the United States. The mural, titled Prometheus (1930), has been subjected to many instances of vandalism over the years. Thus, in 1980, a protective coating was applied. Today, the coating, a highly-reflective varnish, has been noted as a hindrance of the fresco’s original matte surface. Using case studies and art historical analysis, this thesis examines the importance of the mural within the history of Mexican muralism and the pros and cons of removing the protective coating. In addition, this research looks at the potential of art conservation as a means of reactivating the mural and promoting discussions across campus about the preservation of this cultural landmark. The thesis is culminated by a detailed proposal for the continued conservation of the mural, using Prometheus as a starting point for further discussions about aesthetics and ethics within the discourses of art history, art conservation and art restoration.
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Books on the topic "Fire engines in art"

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Randolph, Joanne. Let's draw a fire truck with shapes. New York: PowerStart Press, 2005.

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Let's draw a fire truck with shapes =: Vamos a dibujar un camión de bomberos usando figuras. New York: PowerStart Press & Editorial Buenas Letras, 2005.

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Crismon, Fred. Fire engines. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International Publishers & Wholesalers, 1997.

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Fire engines. Mankato, Minn: Pebble Books, 1999.

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Stephen, R. J. Fire engines. London: F. Watts, 1986.

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Pipe, Jim. Fire engines. Mankato, Minn: Stargazer Books, 2009.

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Fire engines. New York: Scholastic, 1986.

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Becker, Ann. Fire engines. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010.

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Fire engines. New York: Dutton, 1986.

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Halberstadt, Hans. Fire engines. St. Paul, MN: MBI Pub. Co., 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fire engines in art"

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Bellanca, Nicolò, and Luca Pardi. "Risorse e popolazione umana." In Studi e saggi, 21–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-195-2.06.

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The history of the genus Homo, and of the sapiens species in particular, is different from that of other species due to the extreme importance of cultural evolution compared to biological evolution. But from the discovery of how to use fire and generate it, up to the invention of the steam engine, man essentially lives, like the other organisms of the biosphere, on the energy flow guaranteed by solar radiation. With the encounter between machines and fossil fuels and the entry into the era of engines, the rules of the game change radically, and the activities of Homo sapiens change in extent and intensity, in such a way as to progressively reduce the living space of all other animal and plant species, except for the allied and commensal ones. The global industrialized society arising from the meeting between machines and fossil sources is presently facing two fundamental difficulties: the gradual saturation of terrestrial ecosystems with the waste of social and economic metabolism, and the finiteness of fossil energy sources, which are not easy replacement due to their special chemical-physical properties.
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Westbrook, Steven R., Bernard R. Wright, Steven D. Marty, and Joel Schmitigal. "Fire Resistant Fuel for Military Compression Ignition Engines." In Fire Resistant Fluids, 24–37. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp157320130177.

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Gossen, Tatiana. "State of the Art." In Search Engines for Children, 39–62. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12069-6_3.

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Stallings, Jessica Woolhiser, and Stephanie Clark. "Healing With Fire." In Craft in Art Therapy, 40–54. New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003050513-4.

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Madsen, Tom. "Attack by Fire." In The Art of War for Computer Security, 47–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28569-2_10.

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Johnson, Dominic. "Capricorn on Fire: An Interview with Ann Magnuson." In The Art of Living, 152–74. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32222-7_8.

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Fileva, Iskra. "Playing with Fire: Art and the Seductive Power of Pain." In Suffering Art Gladly, 171–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137313713_9.

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Postal, Karen. "Setting The Truth On Fire." In The Art And Science Of Expert Witness Testimony, 46–71. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044826-3.

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Pinxten, Hendrik. "The Humanities Under Fire?" In Drunk on Capitalism. An Interdisciplinary Reflection on Market Economy, Art and Science, 25–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2082-4_3.

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Sauerbier, Philipp, Aaron Kilian Mayer, Lukas Emmerich, and Holger Militz. "Fire Retardant Treatment of Wood – State of the Art and Future Perspectives." In Wood & Fire Safety, 97–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41235-7_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fire engines in art"

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Khairallah, H. A., and U. O. Koylu. "Combustion Simulation of Hydrogen-Fuelled Diesel Engines Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65194.

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During the past decade, considerable effort has been made to introduce alternative energy sources for use in conventional diesel and gasoline engines. Many researchers have attempted to use hydrogen as a fuel in the diesel engine due to its ability to reduce pollutant emissions, such as carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. With the rapid increase in computational capabilities, 3D computational fluid dynamics CFD codes become essential tools for practical design, control and optimization of hydrogen engines. In the present study, detailed chemical kinetic reactions with twenty steps of hydrogen oxidation with additional nitrogen oxidation reactions were coupled with AVL FIRE® code to study combustion processes in a diesel engine using hydrogen as the fuel. Moreover, a spark ignition model built by C++ program was incorporated into the AVL FIRE® software to simulate the hydrogen ignition behavior. The model was validated by the experimental results and employed to examine important parameters that have significant effects on the engine performance. The simulation results show that the variations of peak in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, gas cylinder temperature, ignition delay, combustion duration, and NO emissions reasonably agree with the experimental findings. The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was also employed at different levels in the engine model. It was found that both peak cylinder pressure and gas cylinder temperature decrease as EGR level increases due to dilution effect. The computations are consistent with the hypothesis that gas cylinder temperature decreases with increasing EGR level and that the decrease in gas cylinder temperature results in the reduction in NO emissions.
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Klingsporn, M. "Advanced Transmission and Oil System Concepts for Modern Aero-Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53578.

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For better efficiency of modern gas turbine aero-engines, higher compressor pressure ratios, operating temperatures and shaft speeds are proposed which lead to increased demands also on transmission and oil system components. As a response to these demands, the European research project “Advanced Transmission and Oil System Concepts” (ATOS) was established to develop innovative transmission and oil system concepts in commercial gas turbines. The present paper, written by the project co-ordinator, discusses the design trends and objectives of recent research work. Furthermore, the main results of experimental and theoretical work on hybrid (ceramic) bearings, two-phase flow visualization and heat generation in bearing chambers, auto ignition temperature of oils for oil fire prevention, air/oil separation, novel electrically driven oil pumps, shaft buckling as well as dual-alloy shaft technology are presented. Special emphasis will be on two-phase flow aspects related to bearing chambers in aero engines.
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Papagiannakis, Roussos G., Antonis K. Antonopoulos, Christina Nikita, and Dimitrios T. Hountalas. "Use of a Diagnostic Methodology for Spark Ignited Engines to Investigate the Effect of AFR on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of a Reciprocating Aircraft Engine." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81105.

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Reciprocating engines are still frequently used in aviation especially in applications such as recreation planes, taxi-planes, fire extinguishing aircraft and generally applications that do not require a high power density. For such applications they have a significant advantage against turbine engines as far as purchase and maintenance cost is concerned. The proper and efficient operation of these engines in aviation applications is critical and therefore techniques that are used to determine engine condition and to detect potential faults are extremely important. The performance of these engines depends strongly on the condition of the ignition system and the quality of the supplied mixture. For this reason in the present work it is examined the effect of mixture AFR on the combustion mechanism and engine performance using an existing diagnostic methodology for spark ignited engines developed by the present research group. The investigation is conducted on a radial, spark-ignited reciprocating engine used on the CL-215 fire extinguishing aircraft. The diagnostic technique is used to investigate the effect of AFR on the main combustion and performance characteristics of the engine and specifically brake power output, rate of heat release, cumulative heat release, peak firing pressure, ignition and injection timing and duration of combustion. Furthermore the diagnostic technique is used to derive information for spark advance, spark duration, compression condition etc. The diagnostic technique is based on a thermodynamic two-zone combustion model for spark ignited engines. To examine the effect of AFR on the combustion mechanism a detailed experimental investigation was conducted on an engine (radial, supercharged, air-cooled, eighteen-cylinders) mounted on a test bench. The measurement procedure involved measurements at various operating conditions (load and speed) and various AFR values. During the experimental investigation beyond the conventional test bench measurements, measurements were taken using a fast data acquisition system of cylinder pressure and the electric signal of both spark plugs. Engine diagnosis is established by processing of these measured data. From the results of the diagnosis procedure it is revealed that the diagnosis method provides detailed information for the operating condition of the engine and the values of parameters that cannot be measured on the field. The diagnosis results reveal that the proposed technique can determine the effect of AFR ratio on the combustion mechanism adequately and thus it can be used during engine testing to determine the optimum AFR ratio in combination with the remaining engine settings and mainly spark advance. The results obtained are positive and reveal that the proposed diagnostic technique can be easily applied on any type of spark-ignited engine and especially on aircraft piston engines (i.e. aviation applications), where the accurate estimation of the engine condition and settings is extremely important.
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Yoon, Joon Young, Sung-In Park, Jae Bong Lee, Seungmin Kwon, and Yoonsik Hwang. "A Preliminary Investigation on the Risk Arising From the Use of HP FGS System in LNGC by Analyzing Risk Contributors Comparatively." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54721.

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This work is motivated by the need to identify the fire and explosion risk on LNGCs developed by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. (DSME) because the main engines are designed to use highly pressurized natural gas (about 300 bar), which has caused vague fears of fire and explosion risks. In this context, to identify the risk of fires and explosions quantitatively caused by ignitions of unintended leaked gas from fuel gas lines, a FERA was carried out for the LNGCs [1]. This paper, as a part of the FERA, presents the results of a preliminary investigation on the effect of introducing the highly pressured fuel gas system into LNGCs on the fire and explosion risk especially in the cargo compressor room. This study is conducted in a comparative way considering the risk contribution of each parameter that could impact on the fire and explosion risk in LNGCs. The effect of the highly pressured fuel gas is indirectly taken into account by the change of the initial leak rate in the system. To identify effects of the considered parameters quantitatively, dozens of simulations for the selected gas dispersion, explosion and fire scenarios were carried out using FLACS and KFX. Based on the results from the simulations, it is concluded that, in case of the LNGCs, the effects of the initial large leak rate due to the high pressure in the fuel gas pipes on fire and explosion risk are not significant compared with the other parameters’ effects.
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Hedrick, John C., Steven G. Fritz, and Ted E. Stewart. "Effect of Blower and Injector Cutout on Performance and Emissions of an EMD 16-645E Engine." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1309.

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The 1,500 kW EMD 16-645E engine is popular in switcher and shunter locomotive applications for railroads in North America. These locomotives are typically lightly loaded with extended periods of idle operation, and usually operate in large urban areas. With the advent of EPA emissions standards, and increasing fuel costs, many in the railroad industry are looking at replacing these locomotives with hybrid locomotives, installing APU systems or automatic start stops systems, repowering with newer engines, or using new technology to reduce emissions and improve fuel consumption. This paper documents results of research into ways to improve idle and low power emissions and fuel consumption from these roots-blown two-cycle EMD 645E engines. Specifically, this research looked at disabling one bank of injectors to simulate skip fire operation, and the stopping the rotation of one of the two roots-type blowers used to supply boost air to the uni-flow, two-cycle, diesel engine. The results of this work demonstrated that the EMD 16-645E engine did not respond positively when the injectors of one cylinder bank were disabled (simulating bank to bank skip fire operation). However, the engine did demonstrate both a reduction of NOx emissions and brake specific fuel consumption, over the US-EPA switcher and line haul emissions cycles, while operating on only one of the two blowers at idle and light loads. Additionally this concept of blower cut-out allows for reduced mass flow and higher exhaust temperatures at light loads, which could be beneficial for future application of exhaust aftertreatment. However, there is an associated increase in particulate matter emissions.
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Hamilton, Len, Jim Cowart, and Dianne Luning Prak. "Predicting the Physical and Chemical Ignition Delays in a Military Diesel Engine Running n-Hexadecane Fuel." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19057.

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There are currently numerous efforts to create renewable fuels that have similar properties to conventional diesel fuels. One major future challenge is evaluating how these new fuels will function in older legacy diesel engines. It is desired to have physically based modeling tools that will predict new fuel performance without extensive full scale engine testing. This study evaluates two modeling tools that are used together to predict ignition delay in a military diesel engine running n-hexadecane as a fuel across the engine’s speed-load range. AVL-FIRE® is used to predict the physical delay of the fuel from the start of injection until the formation of a combustible mixture. Then a detailed LLNL chemical kinetic mechanism is used to predict the chemical ignition delay. This total model predicted ignition delay is then compared to the experimental engine data. The combined model predicted results show good agreement to that of the experimental data across the engine operating range with the chemical delay being a larger fraction of the total ignition delay. This study shows that predictive tools have the potential to evaluate new fuel combustion performance.
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Firat, Müjdat. "Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer, Fluid Flow and Formation of Emissions in Diesel Engines." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64107.

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The present study has been performed on heat transfer, fluid flow and formation of emissions in a diesel engine by different engine parameters. The analysis aims at an investigation of flow field, heat transfer, combustion pressure and formation of emission by means of numerical simulation which is using as parameter; hole number of injector and crank angle. Numerical simulations are performed using the AVL-FIRE commercial software depending on the crank angle. This software is successfully used in internal combustion engine applications, and its validity has been accepted. In this paper, k-zeta-f is preferred as turbulence model and SIMPLE/PISO used as algorithms. Thus, results are presented with pressure traces, temperature curves and NOx and soot levels for engine operating conditions. In addition, the relationship between the spray behaviors and combustion characteristics including NOx emissions, soot emissions, combustion pressure and temperature were illustrated through this analysis.
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Ryu, Seung Hyup, Ki Doo Kim, Wook Hyeon Yoon, and Ji Soo Ha. "A Study on the Calculation of Heat Release Rate to Compensate the Error Due to Single Zone Assumption in Diesel Engine." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1298.

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Accurate heat release analysis based on the cylinder pressure trace is important for evaluating combustion process of diesel engines. However, traditional single-zone heat release models (SZM) have significant limitations due mainly to their simplified assumptions of uniform charge and homogeneity while neglecting local temperature distribution inside cylinder during combustion process. In this study, a heat release analysis based on single-zone model has been evaluated by comparison with computational analysis result using Fire-code, which is based on multi-dimensional model (MDM). The limitations of the single-zone assumption have been estimated. To overcome these limitations, an improved model that includes the effects of spatial non-uniformity has been applied. From this improved single-zone heat release model (Improved-SZM), two effective values of specific heats ratios, denoted by γV and γH in this study, have been introduced. These values are formulated as the function of charge temperature changing rate and overall equivalence ratio by matching the results of the single-zone analysis to those of computational analysis using Fire-code about medium speed marine diesel engine. Also, it is applied that each equation of γV and γH has respectively different slopes according to several meaningful regions such as the start of injection, the end of injection, the maximum cylinder temperature, and the exhaust valve open. This calculation method based on improved single-zone model gives a good agreement with Fire-code results over the whole range of operating conditions.
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Karmann, Stephan, Christian Friedrich, Maximilian Prager, and Georg Wachtmeister. "Realization of a Fully Optically Accessible Medium Speed Large Bore Engine Using a Fisheye Optic." In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16477.

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Abstract To address one of the main environmental concerns, the engine out emissions, an enhanced understanding of the combustion process itself is fundamental. Recent optical and laser optical measurement techniques provide a promising approach to investigate and optimize the combustion process regarding emissions. These measurement techniques are already quite common for passenger car and truck size engines and significantly contribute to their improvement. Transferring these measurement techniques to large bore engines from low to high speed is still rather more uncommon especially due to the bigger challenges caused by the engine size and thus much higher stability requirements and design effort for optical accessibility. To cover this new field of research a new approach for a medium speed large bore engine was developed using a fisheye optic mounted centrally in the cylinder head to design a fully optically accessible engine test bench. This new approach is detailed with a test setup layout and a stability concept consisting of cooling systems and the development of a suitable operation strategy based on simulation and experimental verification. The design of this single cylinder engine with 350mm bore and 440mm stroke providing 530kW nominal load at 750 rpm was tested up to 85% nominal load in skipped fire engine operation mode. The measurements of the flame chemiluminescence of a dual fuel combustion of the diesel gas type present proof of the feasibility of the new design as a starting point for future systematic studies on the combustion process of large bore engines.
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Soudarev, A. V., E. D. Vinogradov, and Ju I. Zakharov. "Experimental Refinement of Technologies for Environmental Update of Gas Turbine Units Applied to Electrogenerator Driving." In ASME 1996 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-ta-045.

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The results of experimental elaboration of engineering approaches relating to environmental update of combustors for the GTK-10 10 MW, GTG-1500 1.5 MW and GT-100 100 MW gas turbine engines are presented. The combustor update was carried out by a technique of directed dosed air blow into the maximum temperature zone with in the fire space. The advantages of the technique are as follows: • feasibility of reduction of Nox concentration in waste gases to 50 ppm; • simplicity and adaptability to manufacture of the structure; • no need in changing the design of the engine components and systems; • short-time outage of the unit at update.
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Reports on the topic "Fire engines in art"

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Gruell, George E., James K. Brown, and Charles L. Bushey. Prescribed fire opportunities in grasslands invaded by Douglas-fir: state-of-the-art guidelines. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-gtr-198.

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Grzybowski, Bartosz A. Engines of discovery: Computers in advanced synthesis planning and identification of drug candidates. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00010.

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After over five decades of efforts, computers have recently begun to plan chemical syntheses of complex targets at a level comparable to human experts. With this milestone achieved, it is now time to ponder not only how the machines will accelerate and multiplex synthetic design, but also how they will guide the discovery of new targets having desired properties.
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Heymsfield, Ernie, and Jeb Tingle. State of the practice in pavement structural design/analysis codes relevant to airfield pavement design. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40542.

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An airfield pavement structure is designed to support aircraft live loads for a specified pavement design life. Computer codes are available to assist the engineer in designing an airfield pavement structure. Pavement structural design is generally a function of five criteria: the pavement structural configuration, materials, the applied loading, ambient conditions, and how pavement failure is defined. The two typical types of pavement structures, rigid and flexible, provide load support in fundamentally different ways and develop different stress distributions at the pavement – base interface. Airfield pavement structural design is unique due to the large concentrated dynamic loads that a pavement structure endures to support aircraft movements. Aircraft live loads that accompany aircraft movements are characterized in terms of the load magnitude, load area (tire-pavement contact surface), aircraft speed, movement frequency, landing gear configuration, and wheel coverage. The typical methods used for pavement structural design can be categorized into three approaches: empirical methods, analytical (closed-form) solutions, and numerical (finite element analysis) approaches. This article examines computational approaches used for airfield pavement structural design to summarize the state-of-the-practice and to identify opportunities for future advancements. United States and non-U.S. airfield pavement structural codes are reviewed in this article considering their computational methodology and intrinsic qualities.
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Smith, S. Jarrell, David W. Perkey, and Kelsey A. Fall. Cohesive Sediment Field Study : James River, Virginia. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41640.

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Estuaries trap much of the fine sediment delivered to them by rivers. This phenomenon presents challenges to the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) navigation mission, which maintains navigable waterways for waterborne commerce through estuarine regions. The USACE Regional Sediment Management Program and the USACE Norfolk District are conducting a regional sediment transport modeling study to identify cost-effective sediment management schemes in the James River, a tributary estuary of Chesapeake Bay. A key element of the sediment transport modeling study is the definition of cohesive sediment transport processes, such as erosion and settling velocity. This report describes field-based measurements of cohesive sediment erosion and settling velocity conducted in November 2017. The team conducted erosion testing on 15 cores collected throughout the tidal system. Additionally, two anchor stations were occupied to measure tidal variations in vertical distributions of suspended sediment concentration, particle size, and settling velocity. Recommended cohesive sediment transport parameters were developed from the field measurements.
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Baxter, Carey, Susan Enscore, Ellen Hartman, Benjamin Mertens, and Dawn Morrison. Nationwide context and evaluation methodology for farmstead and ranch historic sites and historic archaeological sites on DoD property. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39842.

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The Army is tasked with managing the cultural resources on its lands. For installations that contain large numbers of historic farmsteads, meeting these requirements through traditional archaeological approaches entails large investments of personnel, time and organization capital. Through two previous projects, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) cultural resource management personnel developed a methodology for efficiently identifying the best examples of historic farmstead sites, and also those sites that are least likely to be deemed eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. This report details testing the applicability of the methodology to regions across the country. Regional historic contexts were created to assist in the determination of “typical” farmsteads. The Farmstead/Ranch Eligibility Evaluation Form created by ERDC-CERL researchers was revised to reflect the broader geographic scope and the inclusion of ranches as a property type. The form was then used to test 29 sites at five military installations. The results of the fieldwork show this approach is applicable nationwide, and it can be used to quickly identify basic information about historic farmstead sites that can expedite determinations of eligibility to the National Register.
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Blundell, S. Micro-terrain and canopy feature extraction by breakline and differencing analysis of gridded elevation models : identifying terrain model discontinuities with application to off-road mobility modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40185.

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Elevation models derived from high-resolution airborne lidar scanners provide an added dimension for identification and extraction of micro-terrain features characterized by topographic discontinuities or breaklines. Gridded digital surface models created from first-return lidar pulses are often combined with lidar-derived bare-earth models to extract vegetation features by model differencing. However, vegetative canopy can also be extracted from the digital surface model alone through breakline analysis by taking advantage of the fine-scale changes in slope that are detectable in high-resolution elevation models of canopy. The identification and mapping of canopy cover and micro-terrain features in areas of sparse vegetation is demonstrated with an elevation model for a region of western Montana, using algorithms for breaklines, elevation differencing, slope, terrain ruggedness, and breakline gradient direction. These algorithms were created at the U.S. Army Engineer Research Center – Geospatial Research Laboratory (ERDC-GRL) and can be accessed through an in-house tool constructed in the ENVI/IDL environment. After breakline processing, products from these algorithms are brought into a Geographic Information System as analytical layers and applied to a mobility routing model, demonstrating the effect of breaklines as obstacles in the calculation of optimal, off-road routes. Elevation model breakline analysis can serve as significant added value to micro-terrain feature and canopy mapping, obstacle identification, and route planning.
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Ebeling, Robert, and Barry White. Load and resistance factors for earth retaining, reinforced concrete hydraulic structures based on a reliability index (β) derived from the Probability of Unsatisfactory Performance (PUP) : phase 2 study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39881.

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This technical report documents the second of a two-phase research and development (R&D) study in support of the development of a combined Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology that accommodates geotechnical as well as structural design limit states for design of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) reinforced concrete, hydraulic navigation structures. To this end, this R&D effort extends reliability procedures that have been developed for other non-USACE structural systems to encompass USACE hydraulic structures. Many of these reinforced concrete, hydraulic structures are founded on and/or retain earth or are buttressed by an earthen feature. Consequently, the design of many of these hydraulic structures involves significant soil structure interaction. Development of the required reliability and corresponding LRFD procedures has been lagging in the geotechnical topic area as compared to those for structural limit state considerations and have therefore been the focus of this second-phase R&D effort. Design of an example T-Wall hydraulic structure involves consideration of five geotechnical and structural limit states. New numerical procedures have been developed for precise multiple limit state reliability calculations and for complete LRFD analysis of this example T-Wall reinforced concrete, hydraulic structure.
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Smith, Jijo K., Howell Li, and Darcy M. Bullock. Populating SAE J2735 Message Confidence Values for Traffic Signal Transitions Along a Signalized Corridor. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317322.

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The communication between connected vehicles and traffic signal controllers is defined in SAE Surface Vehicle Standard J2735. SAE J2735 defines traffic signal status messages and a series of 16 confidence levels for traffic signal transitions. This paper discusses a statistical method for tabulating traffic signal data by phase and time of day and populating the SAE J2735 messages. Graphical representation of the red-green and green-yellow transitions are presented from six intersections along a 4-mile corridor for five different time of day timing plans. The case study provided illustrates the importance of characterizing the stochastic variation of traffic signals to understand locations, phases, and time of day when traffic indications operate with high predictability, and periods when there are large variations in traffic signal change times. Specific cases, such as low vehicle demand and occasional actuation of pedestrian phases are highlighted as situations that may reduce the predictability of traffic signal change intervals. The results from this study also opens up discussion among transportation professionals on the importance of consistent tabulation of confidence values for both beginning and end of green signal states. We believe this paper will initiate dialog on how to consistently tabulate important data elements transmitted in SAE J2735 and perhaps refine those definitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of traffic engineers and connected vehicle developers to work together to develop shared visions on traffic signal change characteristics so that the in-vehicle use cases and human-machine interface (HMI) meet user expectations.
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Volunteer fire fighter dies and two are injured in engine rollover - Alabama. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshfffacef200216.

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One part-time fire fighter dies and another is seriously injured when two fire engines collide at an intersection while responding to a fire - Illinois. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshfffacef200443.

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