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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire engines in art'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Kristen, Christine. "Playing with Fire." Leonardo 40, no. 4 (August 2007): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2007.40.4.332.

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Fire as an art form is evolving in the Black Rock Desert of Nevada, where many Burning Man artists explore the creation and manipulation of fire in their installations. Sculptors, engineers, geeks and pyromaniacs experiment with open fires, pressurized gases and pyrotechnics to produce mesmerizing and beautiful works of art.

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2

Plohberger, D. C., T. Fessl, F. Gruber, and G. R. Herdin. "Advanced Gas Engine Cogeneration Technology for Special Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815471.

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In recent years gas Otto-cycle engines have become common for various applications in the field of power and heat generation. Gas engines in gen-sets and cogeneration plants can be found in industrial sites, oil and gas field application, hospitals, public communities, etc., mainly in the U.S., Japan, and Europe, and with an increasing potential in the upcoming areas in the far east. Gas engines are chosen sometimes even to replace diesel engines, because of their clean exhaust emission characteristics and the ample availability of natural gas in the world. The Austrian Jenbacher Energie Systeme AG has been producing gas engines in the range of 300 to 1600 kW since 1960. The product program covers state-of-the-art natural gas engines as well as advanced applications for a wide range of alternative gas fuels with emission levels comparable to Low Emission (LEV) and Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) standards. In recent times the demand for special cogeneration applications is rising. For example, a turnkey cogeneration power plant for a total 14.4 MW electric power and heat output consisting of four JMS616-GSNLC/B spark-fired gas engines specially tuned for high altitude operation has been delivered to the well-known European ski resort of Sestriere. Sestriere is situated in the Italian Alps at an altitude of more than 2000 m (approx. 6700 ft) above sea level. The engines feature a turbocharging system tuned to an ambient air pressure of only 80 kPa to provide an output and efficiency of each 1.6 MW and up to 40 percent @ 1500 rpm, respectively. The ever-increasing demand for lower pollutant emissions in the U.S. and some European countries initiates developments in new exhaust aftertreatment technologies. Thermal reactor and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems are used to reduce tailpipe CO and NOx emissions of engines. Both SCR and thermal reactor technology will shift the engine tuning to achieve maximum efficiency and power output. Development results are presented, featuring the ultra low emission potential of biogas and natural gas engines with exhaust aftertreatment.

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Kade, Richard. "De Profundus: Adumbrative Reflections?" Leonardo 33, no. 3 (June 2000): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409400552432.

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Leonardo was a man who designed war engines. He also anatomized, stripped The flesh from the body And saw the soul; made perspective From a flat sheet flex Round as a moving limb. Transmuted the past to the future In a credible flying device. He inspired a journal's creation over four centuries later; A journal of fine art that grips The same universe as Leonardo And fills it with vigor. That covers the whole field of inquiry made possible with Modern scientific techniques. The art is new. The journal is Leonardo. Subscription is a solid chunk of man's future.

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4

Clark, Nigel, and Kathryn Yusoff. "Queer Fire: Ecology, Combustion and Pyrosexual Desire." Feminist Review 118, no. 1 (April 2018): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41305-018-0101-3.

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We set out by noting the preference for circular flows in ecological thought, and the related abhorrence of inefficiency and waste that Western ecology shares with mainstream economic thinking. This has often been manifest in a shared disdain both for uncontained, free-burning fire and for ‘unmanaged’ sexual desire. The paper constructs a ‘pyrosexual’ counter-narrative that explores the mutually constitutive and generative implication of sex and fire. Bringing together the solar ecology of Georges Bataille, feminist and queer thinking about sexuality and reproduction, and a range of ways of theorising biological life and fire, we explore how fire mediates between organismic desire and the energetic dynamics of the earth and solar system. The first section takes a genealogical approach to fire and sex that traces their entanglement from the initial ‘assembling’ of fire through to the emergence of a fire-handling creature. The second section looks at how fire has been contained and intensified by human actors, and the role that heat-driven transformations of inorganic matter have played in the incitement and channeling of desire in urban spaces. The third section addresses the development of industrial ‘heat engines’ and the implications for desire and reproduction of tapping vast reservoirs of subterranean solar energy. We round off by beginning to consider what alternative possibilities might lie in the renegotiation of sex and fire on a planet undergoing rapid change.

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Wang, Bin, Haijiang Li, Yacine Rezgui, Alex Bradley, and Hoang N. Ong. "BIM Based Virtual Environment for Fire Emergency Evacuation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/589016.

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Recent building emergency management research has highlighted the need for the effective utilization of dynamically changing building information. BIM (building information modelling) can play a significant role in this process due to its comprehensive and standardized data format and integrated process. This paper introduces a BIM based virtual environment supported by virtual reality (VR) and a serious game engine to address several key issues for building emergency management, for example, timely two-way information updating and better emergency awareness training. The focus of this paper lies on how to utilize BIM as a comprehensive building information provider to work with virtual reality technologies to build an adaptable immersive serious game environment to provide real-time fire evacuation guidance. The innovation lies on the seamless integration between BIM and a serious game based virtual reality (VR) environment aiming at practical problem solving by leveraging state-of-the-art computing technologies. The system has been tested for its robustness and functionality against the development requirements, and the results showed promising potential to support more effective emergency management.

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Sesták, J. "The role of order and disorder in thermal and material sciences part 1: Heat and society." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 38, no. 1-2 (2002): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0202001s.

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The notion of heat is thoroughly analyzed and its historical links are searched particularly with relation to both the Greek philosophy (Milesians, Pythagoreans, atomists, etc.) and in the present day thermal physics. Fluctuation, spontaneity and chaos are discussed. Thermodynamics is reviewed in the relation to both the traditional development and the modern description of disequilibria (open systems). Effect of dissipation is shown often to provide new, self-organized structures. Exploitation of fire and its conscious use as a manufacturing power are analyzed in terms of generalized engines to act in the sense of the information transducers.

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7

Chuian, V., O. Тymoshenko, and A. Hrachov. "EFFECT OF OPERATING PARAMETERS UPON PERFORMANCE OF FUNCTIONAL SPECIMENS OF HIGH EXPANSION FOAM GENERATORS." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2019.2.14-21.

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The issues related to application of high expansion foam as flooding fire extinguishing agent as well as necessity of the development of high expansion foam generators in Ukraine are considered. Patent search concerning appropriate devices for generation of high expansion foam from foam solutions was conducted and it showed specific features of the components when generating high expansion foam. The results of the research of operating parameters of prototypes of high expansion foam generators of fan and ejection types are presented. For high expansion foam generators of fan type dependence of foam expansion, foam solution flow rate and amount of spent foam solution on the performance of the spray nozzle at different pressures and ratio of fan performance to the spray nozzle performance was established; the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the fan to the total area of the perforated holes in the foaming grid was studied, too. For high-expansion foam generators of the ejection type dependence of foam expansion, foam solution flow rate and amount of spent foam solution on the capacity of the spray nozzle unit at different pressures, foam solution flow rate to the total area of the holes in the foaming grid, and ratio of the cross-sectional area of the generator to the total area of the perforated holes of the foaming grid were studied. Functional models of the mentioned types of generators (both ejection (aspiration) one and generator equipped with fan (air blowing unit)) were developed, created and tested for the purpose of derivation of appropriate relations between their conditions of use and performance. At the same time, high expansion foam generators of fan type by their weight and size parameters are intended for use in the divisions of the Operative and Rescue Service of Civil Protection of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine as portable firefighting units. Such firefighting units are intended to be installed first of all on any state-of-the-art municipal fire engines equipped with autonomous AC generators. High expansion foam generators of ejection type are intended for use as firefighting units in foam firefighting systems of various facilities with fire hazard.

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8

Marx, Leo. "The Railroad-in-the-Landscape: An Iconological Reading of a Theme in American Art." Prospects 10 (October 1985): 77–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300004075.

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Of all the great modern innovations, the railroad probably is the one to which American artists have accorded the largest significance. The passenger railroad first appeared on the American scene in the 1830s, and it almost immediately caught the eye of several of the nation's most gifted landscape painters. By the time of the Civil War the new machine already had been incorporated into the work of Thomas Cole, Thomas Doughty, Asher Durand, and John Kensett. The subject attracted their attention, for one thing, because of its newness — its radically innovative character-and, for another, because of its compelling visual properties. A steam-powered locomotive moving across the landscape is an arresting sight-so arresting, indeed, that its visual character alone might seem to account for the strong hold it so quickly took on the imagination of artists. Here, after all, was an imposing, mobile, man-made contrivance, a complicated mechanism wrought of dark metal in various shifting sharp-edged geometric forms; the engine's motive power was made visible by the train of cars it pulled, the surging puffs of smoke and steam (black or white or both) that trailed behind it, and the intermittent flashes of red when its fire box was open.

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Cerquitelli, Tania, Giovanni Malnati, and Daniele Apiletti. "Exploiting Scalable Machine-Learning Distributed Frameworks to Forecast Power Consumption of Buildings." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152933.

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The pervasive and increasing deployment of smart meters allows collecting a huge amount of fine-grained energy data in different urban scenarios. The analysis of such data is challenging and opening up a variety of interesting and new research issues across energy and computer science research areas. The key role of computer scientists is providing energy researchers and practitioners with cutting-edge and scalable analytics engines to effectively support their daily research activities, hence fostering and leveraging data-driven approaches. This paper presents SPEC, a scalable and distributed engine to predict building-specific power consumption. SPEC addresses the full analytic stack and exploits a data stream approach over sliding time windows to train a prediction model tailored to each building. The model allows us to predict the upcoming power consumption at a time instant in the near future. SPEC integrates different machine learning approaches, specifically ridge regression, artificial neural networks, and random forest regression, to predict fine-grained values of power consumption, and a classification model, the random forest classifier, to forecast a coarse consumption level. SPEC exploits state-of-the-art distributed computing frameworks to address the big data challenges in harvesting energy data: the current implementation runs on Apache Spark, the most widespread high-performance data-processing platform, and can natively scale to huge datasets. As a case study, SPEC has been tested on real data of an heating distribution network and power consumption data collected in a major Italian city. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPEC to forecast both fine-grained values and coarse levels of power consumption of buildings.

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Sesták, Jaroslav. "The role of order and disorder in thermal and material sciences part 2: Scientific world and new insights." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 39, no. 3-4 (2003): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0304407s.

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The notion of heat is thoroughly analyzed and its historical links are search particularly with relation to both the Greek philosophy (Mile in print sians Pythagoreans, atomists, etc) and the in the present day thermal physics. Fluctuation, spontaneity and chaos is discussed. Thermodynamics is reviewed in the relation to both the traditional development and the modern description of disequilibria (open systems). Effect of dissipation is shown often to provide new, self-organized structures. Exploitation of fire and its conscious use as a manufacturing power are analyzed in terms of generalized engines to act in the sense of as the information transducers. The part 2 reveals the impact of mathematics as explained on some simple cases showing development of basic ideas (vibration, topology, bifurcations etc). Earth thermal environment is discussed in relation to the existence of life (antropy principles). Alternative theory of reaction-diffusion model of the space-time is put in contrast with big bang hypothesis and related to the herewith-discussed specialty of self-catalyzed chemical reactions. The text gives a consistent view to various historical and modern concepts that emerged during the gradual understanding of order and disorder.

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11

Vaidyanathan, Rekha, Sujoy Das, and Namita Srivastava. "Query Expansion based on Central Tendency and PRF for Monolingual Retrieval." International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2016100103.

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Query Expansion is the process of selecting relevant words that are closest in meaning and context to that of the keyword(s) of query. In this paper, a statistical method of automatically selecting contextually related words for expansion, after identifying a pattern in their score, is proposed. Words appearing in top 10 relevant document is given a score w.r.t partitions they appear in. Proposed statistical method, identifies a pattern of central tendency in the high scores and selects the right group of words for query expansion. The objective of the method is to keep the expanded query with minimum words (light), and still give statistically significant MAP values compared to the original query. Experimental results show 17-21% improvement of MAP over the original unexpanded query as baseline but achieves a performance similar to that of the state of the art query expansion models - Bo1 and KL. FIRE 2011 Adhoc English and Hindi data for 50 topics each were used for experiments with Terrier as the Retrieval Engine.

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12

KOLOTVINA, OLGA V. "IMMERSIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF J. VAL DEL OMAR’S MEDIA ART (“APANORAMIC IMAGE OVERFLOW”, “DIAPHONY”, “TACTILE VISION”) AS AN EXPRESSION OF HIS CONCEPT OF “MECHANICAL MYSTICISM”." ART AND SCIENCE OF TELEVISION 17, no. 1 (2021): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2021-17.1-51-71.

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The article analyzes three media technologies for creating an immersive polysensory environment, developed back in 1940–1960s by the Spanish film director and engineer Jose Val del Omar. The technologies are considered in the context of the director’s key concept, which he called “mechanical mysticism”. It was aimed at creating a cinematic analogy of mystical experience by transforming the mysticism of Spanish culture into cinematic technologies. The author reveals how the conversion of the suggestive artistic potential of Spanish mysticism into the immersiveness of film technologies allowed J. Val del Omar to create art spaces that took the system of illusions beyond the visual into special modes of psychological experiences. On the example of his films (Water- Mirror of Granada, 1955, and Fire in Castile, 1961), the author analyzes the originality of the engineering solutions of J. Val del Omar’s technologies, defines the strategies of immersiveness and their rootedness in Spanish mysticism, qualifies the aesthetic impact of these media technologies on viewers. The article demonstrates that immersiveness is achieved by using a shock strategy of interlacing the effects of suggestiveness and defamiliarization (“ostranenie”), as well as through the expansion of the range of the viewer’s sensory perception and the effect of synesthesia. The suggestive impression effect is enhanced by visual poetic metaphors that reveal to the viewers the historically formed sensual imagery of Spanish mysticism. With the help of optical and light technologies, the semantic field of a film is not only visualized, but also illusively materialized as a three-dimensional image. НАУКА ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЯ № 17.1, 2021 54 THE ART AND SCIENCE OF TELEVISION In general, the strategies reproduce the sensual immersiveness, which is inherent in the Spanish Catholic cultural experience. Such strategies block the viewers’ psychological distancing mechanisms and cause affective states and emotional involvement in the art spaces. Such technological innovations for creation of immersive spectacular audio-visual environments brought the J. Val del Omar’s cinema into the field of multi-media, and therefore he could rightfully be considered the forerunner of media art, the creator of art spaces, which later became known as sound and video installations.

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Affendi, Amirul Sadikin Md, and Marina Yusoff. "Review of anomalous sound event detection approaches." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v8.i3.pp264-269.

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<p>This paper presents a review of anomalous sound event detection(SED) approaches. SED is becoming more applicable for real-world appliactaions such as security, fire determination or olther emergency alarms. Despite many research outcome previously, further research is required to reduce false positives and improve accurracy. SED approaches are comprehensively organized by methods covering system pipeline components of acoustic descriptors, classification engine, and decision finalization method. The review compares multiple approaches that is applied on a specific dataset. Security relies on anomalous events in order to prevent it one must find these anomalous events. Audio surveillance has become more efficient as that artificial intelligence has stepped up the game. Autonomous SED could be used for early detection and prevention. It is found that the state of the art method viable used in SED using features of log-mel energies in convolutional recurrent neural network(CRNN) with long short term memory(LSTM) with a verification step of thresholding has obtained 93.1% F1 score and 0.1307 ER. It is found that feature extraction of log mel energies are highly reliable method showing promising results on multiple experiments.</p>

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Xu, Meilian, and Parimala Thulasiraman. "Mapping Iterative Medical Imaging Algorithm on Cell Accelerator." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/843924.

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Algebraic reconstruction techniques require about half the number of projections as that of Fourier backprojection methods, which makes these methods safer in terms of required radiation dose. Algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and its variant OS-SART (ordered subset simultaneous ART) are techniques that provide faster convergence with comparatively good image quality. However, the prohibitively long processing time of these techniques prevents their adoption in commercial CT machines. Parallel computing is one solution to this problem. With the advent of heterogeneous multicore architectures that exploit data parallel applications, medical imaging algorithms such as OS-SART can be studied to produce increased performance. In this paper, we map OS-SART on cell broadband engine (Cell BE). We effectively use the architectural features of Cell BE to provide an efficient mapping. The Cell BE consists of one powerPC processor element (PPE) and eight SIMD coprocessors known as synergetic processor elements (SPEs). The limited memory storage on each of the SPEs makes the mapping challenging. Therefore, we present optimization techniques to efficiently map the algorithm on the Cell BE for improved performance over CPU version. We compare the performance of our proposed algorithm on Cell BE to that of Sun Fire×4600, a shared memory machine. The Cell BE is five times faster than AMD Opteron dual-core processor. The speedup of the algorithm on Cell BE increases with the increase in the number of SPEs. We also experiment with various parameters, such as number of subsets, number of processing elements, and number of DMA transfers between main memory and local memory, that impact the performance of the algorithm.

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Tromiadis, Ramona, and Costel Stanca. "Comparative Analysis of Tanker Ships Incidents and their Environment Impacts." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.775.

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The paper presents a comparative analysis of tanker ships incidents and their environment impacts. The focus is on oil tankers because this type of ships poses the highest environmental risk. By the sheer amount of oil carried, modern oil tankers can be considered a threat to the environment. In case of a maritime accident a ship can suffer fracture of the ships hull that may lead to oil outflow leading to environmental consequences or stability problems, which may again result in capsizing of the vessel. In terms of the consequences for the vessel maritime accidents can be classified in different categories. Severe accident means an accident involving a total loss of the ship, loss of life or severe pollution. Accident that is not severe which may involve: fire, explosion, stranding, collision damage caused by bad weather, damage caused by ice, fracture in the hull or suspected damage to the body. This may also lead to pollution. And incidents that are circumstances or events caused by, or related with the operation of a ship from which the ship or any person is being hazard or results in serious damage to the ship, the ship's structure or the environment. Oil spills have devastating effects on the environment. Shipping regulations have been developed or modified over years on the basis of some significant marine accidents. The regulations are mostly concentrated on reducing the consequences of maritime incidents. Following the Exxon Valdez spill, the United States passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA-90), which excluded single-hull tank vessels of 5,000 gross tons or more from U.S. waters from 2010 onward, apart from those with a double bottom or double sides, which may be permitted to trade to the United States through 2015, depending on their age. Following the sinkings of the Erika (1999) and Prestige (2002), the European Union passed its own stringent anti-pollution packages (known as Erika I, II, and III), which also require all tankers entering its waters to be double-hulled by 2010. Oil tankers are only one source of oil spills. Air pollution from normal tanker engines operation and from cargo fires is another serious concern. Ship fires may not only result in the loss of the ship due to lack of specialized firefighting gear and techniques but the fires sometimes burn for days and require evacuations of nearby residents due to the dangerous smoke.

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Yang, Juntao, and Jing Liang. "Research on Relationship between Fire Engines and Fire Risk." Procedia Engineering 45 (2012): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.221.

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17

SMITH, Alan. "‘Engines Moved by Fire and Water’." Transactions of the Newcomen Society 63, no. 1 (January 1991): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tns.1991.010.

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SMITH, Alan. "‘Engines Moved by Fire and Water’." Transactions of the Newcomen Society 66, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tns.1994.001.

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ALEXANDER, ANNA ROSE. "Safety by design: engineers and entrepreneurs invent fire safety in Mexico City, 1860–1910." Urban History 41, no. 3 (July 9, 2013): 435–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926813000242.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines fire-safety innovations (safety matches, extinguishers and hydrants) from professional engineers and lay inventors in Mexico City from 1860–1910. With a drastic increase in the frequency and intensity of fires in the capital, engineers and entrepreneurs saw fire hazards as business opportunities. Global trends that promoted patenting new technologies spurred entrepreneurs and professionals alike to transform the capital into an epicentre of innovation aimed at making the city safer. Their inventions marked the city with visible signs of technological change and reminded residents that fire was a real threat to urban life.

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Beardsley, Aubrey. "Art under Fire." Index on Censorship 40, no. 3 (September 2011): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422011418906.

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21

Sednev, V. А. "Protection of crews and fire engines garrisons of fire protection territories." Technology of technosphere safety 87 (2020): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2020.1.87.107-118.

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22

Ghaffary, Azin, and Mohamed A. Moustafa. "Synthesis of Repair Materials and Methods for Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Bridge Girders." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184079.

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Bridge structures nationwide across the United States are aging and in need of repair or, in some cases, full replacement. Repair decisions are common among bridge owners because of the economic feasibility when compared to the higher cost of full replacement of damaged or deteriorated bridge components such as girders. Using a proper repair approach, as a long-term or just a short-term solution, can lead to benefits that could not be achieved otherwise such as considerable savings in both time and cost. Additionally, an appropriate repair approach can help avoid adverse environmental impacts, interruptions to service, overburdening of nearby infrastructure, and local opposition to construction. The main objective of this paper is to provide a synthesis of the repair methods and materials for reinforced concrete bridge girders proposed in research studies, i.e., state-of-the-art as well as state-of-the-practice established methods. Different steps in the general repair procedure are explained first. Next, a detailed description of three common bridge girder deficiencies, i.e., shear, flexural, and fire damage, is provided. For each damage type, the main causes and common solutions found in the literature are presented. The authors then provide specific recommendations to each repair procedure. This is intended to enable researchers, engineers, and decision makers to compare the available repair methods more conveniently to find the optimal repair approach for specific projects based on economic and environmental requirements as well as structural and construction conditions.

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Chybowski, Leszek, Seweryn Strojecki, and Włodzimierz Markiewicz. "Simulation-Based Training in Fire Prevention and Fire-Fighting of Scavenge Air Receivers Fires." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2020-0013.

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AbstractThis article presents topics concerning fire hazards during the use of low-speed diesel engines in marine vehicles. The causes and effects of fires in the spaces of scavenge air receivers in marine diesel engines are presented. Methods to prevent and fight these fires are shown, including the operating procedures required from ship engine room operators. The possibility of training personnel to apply the abovementioned procedures during operation using simulations of a Kongsberg MC-90 IVship engine room is presented. Simulations were conducted which included a fire in a scavenge air receiver occurring during the operation of a MAN B&W 5L90MC main engine, with loads corresponding to 50% and 100% of the machine’s recommended setting.

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Lyon, Katie M., Heidi R. Huber-Stearns, Cassandra Moseley, Christopher Bone, and Nathan A. Mosurinjohn. "Sharing contracted resources for fire suppression: engine dispatch in the Northwestern United States." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 2 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16100.

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As demand for wildfire response resources grows across the globe, a central challenge is developing new and flexible systems and capacity to ensure that resources needed for fire response arrive when and where they are needed. Private contractors have become increasingly important in providing equipment and services to support agency wildfire suppression needs in the USA. Understanding the capacity of contracted resources for federal agency fire suppression needs is critical for preseason fire planning and response. Using National Resource Ordering and Status System data, we examined Northwest region engine dispatches from 2008 to 2015. The number of times and days engines were out on assignments increased over the study period, and dispatch centres routinely shared engines within and outside their geographic area. However, in 2015, not all of the available engines were recorded as utilised at peak demand during one of the largest fire seasons in the Northwest. This study provides insight into the ways in which fire managers share important resources such as engines and the information they have available to make decisions during an incident, and raises questions about what the right amount of capacity is to be able to respond in extreme fire years.

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Fazeli, Saman. "Engineers of Jihad: The Curious Connection between Violent Extremism and Education By Diego Gambetta and Steffen Hertog." American Journal of Islam and Society 37, no. 1-2 (May 16, 2020): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v37i1-2.546.

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Perhaps it’s hard to imagine an engineer who is also a poet. After all, there seems to be a stark difference between the skills required by each profession. The dichotomy is undergirded by the notion that—whether engineering conditions engineers to act in particular ways, or engineers are born with a certain mindset—engineers possess certain traits, which lead them to do some things rather than others. The present title, Engineers of Jihad, examines the connection between education and another trait: the capacity for violence. The authors are particularly interested in why there is a disproportionate number (indeed, a significant overrepresentation) of engineers among the ranks of Muslim extremists. Based on this observation, they conclude that engineers are more prone to radicalization than other university graduates (11-16). Although the data could be explained by another hypothesis (there is a higher demand for engineers in extremistgroups), the authors maintain that engineers possess certain character traits that predispose them to radicalization (164). To read the full book review, download the PDF file on the right.

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Carter, E., and B. Milton. "Internal-Combustion Engine Performance in the Fireground." International Journal of Wildland Fire 4, no. 2 (1994): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9940083.

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The performance of internal combustion engines used in fire fighting equipment can be affected by the fireground ambient conditions. Both gasoline (SI) and diesel (CI) engines can suffer significant power losses due to high temperatures and reduced oxygen in the intake air caused by mixing with the products of combustion of a fire. This, and other engine problems associated with starting and operation under fireground conditions are examined in this paper.

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KRUPA, Andrzej. "State of the Art of electronically controlled Engines." Combustion Engines 118, no. 1 (May 1, 2004): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117421.

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Friedman, R. "Fire Protection Engineering -- Science or Art?" Journal of Fire Protection Engineering 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104239159000200103.

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Merkisz, Jerzy, Maciej Bajerlein, Paweł Daszkiewicz, Łukasz Rymaniak, and Dawid Frąckowiak. "The analysis of thermodynamic indicators in unconventional combustion engine." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.373.

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Results of piston movement simulation in Autodesk Inventor has been used to create simulation of combustion process in AVL Fire. Simulation for both engines has been made for the same boundary conditions. Results of simulations were compared for two versions of Szymkowiak’s engines. Diagrams with comparison of both engines shows better parameters of Szymkowiak’s engine. Modified construction should be optimized to reach similar parameters.

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TUTAK, Wojciech, and Arkadiusz JAMROZIK. "Modelling of the thermal cycle of a gas engine using AVL FIRE Software." Combustion Engines 141, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117152.

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Paper presents results of modelling gas engine thermal cycle using AVL FIRE and KIVA 3V software. There are described three combustion models used in software. KIVA and FIRE software are used in Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Control Engineering for analysis of thermal cycle of IC engines. FIRE software gives many possibilities with many combustion models. All used combustion models are dependent on turbulence of flow field before ignition. Comparison of modelling results of thermal cycle of IC engine is presented in paper. Pressure, temperature, heat release and turbulence parameters variations in function of crank angle as well as spatial distribution of above mentioned quantities at selected crank angles were determined.

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Szelmanowski, Andrzej, Mariusz Zieja, and Krzysztof Głyda. "Dynamic Properties Modeling of the Thermoelectric Fire Sensors in the Aircraft Fire Suppression System." Journal of KONBiN 44, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0074.

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Abstract The paper presents selected results of work at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in the concerning modeling the dynamic properties of fire detectors used in aviation fire protection systems. In order to determine the conditions of false fire signals, the simulation models of thermoelectric fire detectors have been developed. Simulation models were tested in Matlab-Simulink computational packages for various methods of heating and cooling the sensors (among others, changes in ambient air temperature of the sensor, caused by the EWU exhaust gas diffusers were simulated – these diffusers are used to distribute flue gases from helicopter engines).

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Helle, Rolf, Kai Spichalsky, and Norio Aoyama. "Piston rings for state-of-the-art diesel engines." MTZ worldwide 66, no. 11 (November 2005): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03227800.

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Brodtkorb, Andre R., Christopher Dyken, Trond R. Hagen, Jon M. Hjelmervik, and Olaf O. Storaasli. "State-of-the-art in Heterogeneous Computing." Scientific Programming 18, no. 1 (2010): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/540159.

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Node level heterogeneous architectures have become attractive during the last decade for several reasons: compared to traditional symmetric CPUs, they offer high peak performance and are energy and/or cost efficient. With the increase of fine-grained parallelism in high-performance computing, as well as the introduction of parallelism in workstations, there is an acute need for a good overview and understanding of these architectures. We give an overview of the state-of-the-art in heterogeneous computing, focusing on three commonly found architectures: the Cell Broadband Engine Architecture, graphics processing units (GPUs), and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). We present a review of hardware, available software tools, and an overview of state-of-the-art techniques and algorithms. Furthermore, we present a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the architectures, and give our view on the future of heterogeneous computing.

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Kravchenko, N. G., I. A. Kozlov, V. K. Shchekin, and E. A. Efimova. "CLEANING CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINES (review)." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 1 (2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-1-105-113.

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Different detergent compositions for removing contaminants from metal surfaces are considered. Components of detergent compositions and their effect on the properties are described. Examples of promising studies in this area are given, including those related to improving detergent properties, anticorrosion characteristics, fire safety and environmental friendliness. Attention is paid to compositions that provide simultaneous washing and preservation of metal. It is reported to determine effect of detergent compositions on other materials of aircraft.

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35

Wilk, Daniel Levinson. "Art of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Centennial." New Labor Forum 22, no. 2 (May 2013): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1095796013483696.

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36

Lisovskiy, V. G., and Yu V. Pukharenko. "National romanticism of the early XX century in the two higher schools of architecture in Saint Petersburg." Вестник гражданских инженеров 17, no. 6 (2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-6-13-24.

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The article regards one of the aspects of the large theme associated with the study of romanticism in the Russian architecture of the end of the XIX - early XX centuries. The authors focus on the «national» branch of the romanticism trend in architecture embodied in two versions known as «Neo-Russian style» and «Northern Art-Nouveaux». As a result of study of some relevant publications and archive materials, it has been figured out to what extent these versions were used in the architectural study practice at the Academy of Fine Arts and at the Institute of Civil Engineers. It is shown, that at the Institute of Civil Engineers the «Northern Art-Nouveaux» aroused an enthusiastic interest, and at the Academy of Fine Arts the «Neo-Russian style» was regarded as more preferable for study. Some brief information regarding the methods typical for these two different versions of the «national» trend in the independent creative practice of the graduates of both schools is provided.

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Davidson, Michael T., Issam E. Harik, and Douglas B. Davis. "Fire Impact and Passive Fire Protection of Infrastructure: State of the Art." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 27, no. 2 (April 2013): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000295.

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38

Markov, V. A., and V. I. Shatrov. "Automatic Control Systems of Thermal Power Plants. State of the Art and Development Prospects." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 6 (129) (December 2019): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2019-6-116-137.

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The article considers the relevance of research aimed at improving the automatic control systems for thermal power plants, mainly with piston internal combustion engines, based on the analysis of the reports of the all-Russian scientific and technical conference named after Professor V.I. Krutov. These plants are widely used in various sectors of the economy --- power engineering, transport, agriculture. The current level of development of such systems is assessed; the conclusions about the prospects for further development of automatic control systems for thermal power plants with piston engines are drawn. The main directions of their improvement are associated with the need for further improvement of fuel efficiency and reduction of toxicity of exhaust gases of thermal power plants, increasing the dynamic characteristics of internal combustion engines. The main directions of research in the field of fuel supply equipment of diesel engines, the working process of engines, and their adaptation for working on various alternative fuels are discussed. The article is based on the reports of the All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference n.a. Professor V.I. Krutov (30.01.2019)

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Urbański, Patryk, Maciej Bajerlein, Jerzy Merkisz, Andrzej Ziółkowski, and Dawid Gallas. "Analysis of thermodynamic parameters in spark ignition VCR engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929405001.

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3D models of Szymkowiak and conventional engines were created in the Solidworks program. During the motion analysis, the characteristics of the piston path were analyzed for the two considered engine units. The imported file with the generated piston routes was used in the AVL Fire program, which simulated combustion processes in the two engines with identical initial conditions. The configurations for two different compression ratios were taken into account. The basic thermodynamic parameters occurring during the combustion process in internal combustion engines were analyzed.

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Bajerlein, Maciej, Paweł Daszkiewicz, Dawid Frąckowiak, Michał Domański, and Paweł Stobnicki. "Analysis of camshaft control in unconventional combustion engine." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.354.

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For the simulation there was created model of Szymkowiak’s engine and it’s version with modified swing arm, in Autodesk Inventor. Dynamic simulation of piston movement has been made for both engines with selected compression ratios. Results of piston movement has been used to create simulation of combustion process in AVL Fire. Simulation for both engines has been made for the same boundary conditions.

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Wei, Yu, Erin J. Belval, Matthew P. Thompson, Dave E. Calkin, and Crystal S. Stonesifer. "A simulation and optimisation procedure to model daily suppression resource transfers during a fire season in Colorado." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 7 (2017): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16073.

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Sharing fire engines and crews between fire suppression dispatch zones may help improve the utilisation of fire suppression resources. Using the Resource Ordering and Status System, the Predictive Services’ Fire Potential Outlooks and the Rocky Mountain Region Preparedness Levels from 2010 to 2013, we tested a simulation and optimisation procedure to transfer crews and engines between dispatch zones in Colorado (central United States) and into Colorado from out-of-state. We used this model to examine how resource transfers may be influenced by assignment shift length, resource demand prediction accuracy, resource drawdown restrictions and the compounding effects of resource shortages. Test results show that, in certain years, shortening the crew shift length from 14 days to 4 days doubles the yearly transport cost. Results also show that improving the accuracy in predicting daily resource demands decreases the engine and crew transport costs by up to 40%. Other test results show that relaxing resource drawdown restrictions could decrease resource transport costs and the reliance on out-of-state resources. The model-suggested assignments result in lower transport costs than did historical assignments.

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42

Li, Xia, and Xuan Jun Wang. "Study on the Progress of the Foreign Security Fuel." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.889.

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The research history and recent achievements and application of fire resistant fuel in several countries were summarized. The emphases included the background of research, the mechanism of fire resistant, the development of emulsified fuel formulations, and the effects on the performance of engines. The situation of applying at present was also described. It was indicated that the research of fire resistant fuel was very important in the security of military vehicles and civil vehicles.

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43

Sheikh, Shujaatullah, and Yusof Ahmad. "Flexural Strengthening of Structural Timber in the 21st Century: A State of the Art Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.128.

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The use of structural timber has never caught on in Malaysia despite the fact that the country is a major exporter of many commercially important hardwoods such as dark red meranti, kapur and keruing, among others. Chief concern among structural designers is the fact that due to its brittle tensile behaviour, timber tends to fail abruptly under the application of flexural loads. The presence of localized defects such as knots also tend to aggravate the problem as these localities are obviously not only weaker compared with the overall strength of the timber member considered, but also tend to be stress concentration regions. For engineered wood products (EWPs) such as glued laminated timber, the introduction of finger joints further compounds the predicament of the structural engineer as these joints are now crack initiation locations because these joints tend to open up when experiencing tensile forces due to flexural loads. However, it is possible to address these concerns by carrying out flexural strengthening of timber members using materials as varied as steel, fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs), biological fibres, and perhaps timber itself, albeit of a higher strength. This paper seeks to review the current strategies undertaken by international researchers to fortify and bolster the flexural strength of timber in order to make it an attractive construction material to architects, engineers and builders alike.

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44

CHEN, Otis Y., and Nobuo TAKEDA. "State-of-the-Art Materials for Future Gas Turbine Engines." Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 40, no. 462 (1992): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.40.359.

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45

Elfasakhany, Ashraf. "State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines." Energies 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030779.

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Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. The biofuels were compared with each other as well as with the fossil fuel in SIE. Future biofuels for SIE are highlighted. A proposed method to reduce automobile emissions and reformulate the emissions into new fuels is presented and discussed. The benefits and weaknesses of using biofuels in SIE are summarized. The study established that ethanol has several benefits as a biofuel for SIE; it enhanced engine performance and decreased pollutant emissions significantly; however, ethanol showed some drawbacks, which cause problems in cold starting conditions and, additionally, the engine may suffer from a vapor lock situation. Methanol also showed improvements in engine emissions/performance similarly to ethanol, but it is poisonous biofuel and it has some sort of incompatibility with engine materials/systems; its being miscible with water is another disadvantage. The lowest engine performance was displayed by n-butanol and i-butanol biofuels, and they also showed the greatest amount of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions, but the lowest greenhouse effect. Ethanol and methanol introduced the highest engine performance, but they also showed the greatest CO2 emissions. Acetone introduced a moderate engine performance and the best/lowest CO and UHC emissions. Single biofuel blends are also compared with dual ones, and the results showed the benefits of the dual ones. The study concluded that the next generation of biofuels is expected to be dual blended biofuels. Different dual biofuel blends are also compared with each other, and the results showed that the ethanol–methanol (EM) biofuel is superior in comparison with n-butanol–i-butanol (niB) and i-butanol–ethanol (iBE).

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46

Andoga, Rudolf, Ladislav Főző, Jozef Judičák, Róbert Bréda, Stanislav Szabo, Róbert Rozenberg, and Milan Džunda. "Intelligent Situational Control of Small Turbojet Engines." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (June 26, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8328792.

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Improvements in reliability, safety, and operational efficiency of aeroengines can be brought in a cost-effective way using advanced control concepts, thus requiring only software updates of their digital control systems. The article presents a comprehensive approach in modular control system design suitable for small gas turbine engines. The control system is based on the methodology of situational control; this means control of the engine under all operational situations including atypical ones, also integrating a diagnostic system, which is usually a separate module. The resulting concept has been evaluated in real-world laboratory conditions using a unique design of small turbojet engine iSTC-21v as well as a state-of-the-art small turbojet engine TJ-100. Our results show that such advanced control system can bring operational quality of an engine with old turbocompressor core iSTC-21v on par with state-of-the-art engines.

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47

Jelenewicz, Chris. "Human Perceptions and Reactions to Fire: Results from Society of Fire Protection Engineers’ Annual Survey." Journal of Architectural Engineering 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(2008)14:1(2).

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48

Shrivastava, Mayank, Anthony Abu, Rajesh Dhakal, and Peter Moss. "State-of-the-art of probabilistic performance based structural fire engineering." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 10, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-02-2018-0005.

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PurposeThis paper aims to describe current trends in probabilistic structural fire engineering and provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of performance-based structural fire engineering (PSFE).Design/methodology/approachPSFE has been introduced to overcome the limitations of current conventional design approaches used for the design of fire-exposed structures, which investigate assumed worst-case fire scenarios and include multiple thermal and structural analyses. PSFE permits buildings to be designed in relation to a level of life safety or economic loss that may occur in future fire events with the help of a probabilistic approach.FindingsThis paper brings together existing research on various sources of uncertainty in probabilistic structural fire engineering, such as elements affecting post-flashover fire development, material properties, fire models, fire severity, analysis methods and structural reliability.Originality/valuePrediction of economic loss would depend on the extent of damage, which is further dependent on the structural response. The representative prediction of structural behaviour would depend on the precise quantification of the fire hazard. The incorporation of major uncertainty sources in probabilistic structural fire engineering is explained, and the detailed description of a pioneering analysis method called incremental fire analysis is presented.

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Thomas, Philip H. "Dimensional analysis: a magic art in fire research?" Fire Safety Journal 34, no. 2 (March 2000): 111–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-7112(99)00054-5.

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50

Ingason, H. "State of the Art of Tunnel Fire Research." Fire Safety Science 9 (2008): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.9-33.

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