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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire-extinguishing water'
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1
Jian, Chen, Xu Yan Ying, and Wang Na. "The Experimental Study on the Fire Suppression Effectiveness of Water Mist with the FeCl2 Additives." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.53.
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This paper presents an experimental study of fire suppression effectiveness with water mist containing FeCl2 additives.The investigation focuses on suppression effectiveness under various FeCl2 additives concentrations,working pressures and nozzle different height above the fire source . The experimental results show that: there is a significant impact on fire suppression effectiveness when adding FeCl2 to water mist. There is an optimum additive concentration of extinguishing fire, corresponding to the shortest extinguishing time, the least amount of water, the highest efficiency of extinguishing fire. The nozzle working pressures and nozzle position have effect on the performance of the water mist extinguishing: the greater the pressure is, the shorter water mist fire extinguishing time is. Under the same experimental conditions, the closer the water mist nozzles are to the oil pan, the shorter extinguishing time is.
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Жуйков, Д., D. Zhuykov, Н. Старков, N. Starkov, К. Руфанов, and K. Rufanov. "Enhancement of Fire-Extinguishing Agents’ Efficiency, and a New Fire- Extinguishing Substance." Safety in Technosphere 6, no. 6 (May 23, 2018): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5af01fa96a7b95.45049521.
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A short review of problems related to fire extinguishing with the use of modern approaches by applying water and special agents has been presented. A use of stabilized water and disperse compositions as fire-extinguishing substances has been considered. A comparative analysis of different manufacturers’ modern products used for fire-extinguishing has been carried out. A new fireextinguishing agent «Firelock»® that is a combination of disperse component and stabilizer providing its favorable differences from the famous fire-extinguishing agents has been described. The problems connected with adaptation of use the new fireextinguishing agent in real practice of fire-extinguishing, and tasks for further researches have been defined.
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Xie, Zheng Wen. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Water Mist Fire Suppression for Cooking Fog Discharge Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.356.
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FDS simulation software was used to establish the full size lampblack physics model of single wind pipe, using the orthogonal design method design of analog calculation conditions, research in the nozzle pressure, the droplet radius, nozzle, flow quantity and injection angle parameters under different conditions of water mist fire extinguishing effect. Based on a full-scale combustion and water mist fire extinguishing experiment, the water mist fire suppression was observed and test analysis etc, to better understand the flue water mist fire extinguishing feasibility, provides the theory basis for the design of efficient, reliable flue fire extinguishing system.
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Jian, Chen, Xu Yan Ying, and Wang Yan Sheng. "Experimental and Numerical Study on the Suppression of Pool Fire with Water Mist." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.686.
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The objective of this work is to investigate the diesel analog pool fire with water mist .For this purpose, a series of water mist fire suppression experiment are carried out by changing the nozzle operating pressure, the source of fire power, opening and closing the exhaust fan to analyze the inhibitory effect of water mist to oil pool fire in the enclosed compartment of 5.0m × 5.0m × 3.0m. The results shows that extinguishing efficiency first increases and then decreases when the nozzle operating pressure increases from 8MPa to 12MPa, reaching the highest efficiency at 10MPa; increasing the power of the source of fire, the burning speed increases and the water mist fire extinguishing efficiency decreases; fresh oxygen coming in when smoke exhaust fan is turned on and water mist fire suppression efficiency decreases. Using FDS to simulate the water mist extinguishing oil pool fire, the predict temperature field and extinguishing time are basically consistent with the experimental results. In the actual applications of water mist fire suppression systems engineering, we can use the FDS field simulation methods to predict the characteristic parameters variation of the fire fighting fire temperature and component concentration, which is significant to the fire extinguishing system optimized design.
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Filippov, Ilya, Vladimir Yusupdzhanov, Olga Zybina, Ilya Klochihin, and Ekaterina Chalovskaya. "Design of Water Fire Extinguishing System for Protection of Metro Rolling Stock Stagnation Zones." EPJ Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124802006.
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Metro rolling stock stagnation zones are quite long. This causes a number of difficulties in choosing and designing a water fire extinguishing system, as it directly affects the pressure loss in pipelines when water is supplied over such a long distance. That is why the task of this work is to design two different types of water fire extinguishing for metro dead ends and to perform hydraulic calculations, based on the results of which to choose the most suitable system for the object under study. The choice of a fire extinguishing system to ensure fire safety of dead ends of rolling stock sludge is made in the favor of the fire extinguishing system with high-pressure water spray.
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Kazakov, A. V., N. V. Smirnov, and A. V. Gladilin. "Ultrafine Spray of Gas-Water Compositions Investigation for Fire Extinguishing Systems." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 7 (July 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-7-60-65.
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The analysis of information about domestic and foreign installations of the volumetric fire-extinguishing with gas-water compositions is carried out. Pneumoacoustic sprayers of original design were developed, which make it possible to obtain a gas-water composition containing fire-extinguishing gas and water droplets of the ultrafine spray (10–60 microns). It is shown that gas-water compositions combine the advantages of fire-extinguishing gas and fine-sprayed water, since the volumetric method of gas fire-extinguishing and the cooling effect of water are preserved. The deposition (movement) of drops of the gas-water composition occurs together with the fire-extinguishing gas; therefore, the gas-water composition of the ultra-dispersed spray can be conventionally considered as a whole, i.e., new extinguishing agent. It is noted that the most promising is the application of gas-water compositions in the extinguishing of solid smoldering materials. In this case, when designing domestic fire-extinguishing installations, the amount of gas can be reduced by 20% or more, and the elimination of smoldering can be achieved by cooling with water from the gas-water composition. At the same time, the fire-extinguishing environment suitable for breathing for at least 3 minutes is formed in the room. The influence of gas in the gas-water composition on the dispersion of water droplets is studied. The sedimentation rate of water droplets in the gas-water composition was estimated. The droplet dispersion was measured by laser diffraction using the Malvern Spraytec system. It is shown that the substitution of nitrogen for argon or gas composition Argonite in the gas-water composition does not significantly affect the dispersion of droplets. Sedimentation of ultrafine spray water droplets in the volume of the room occurs within a few minutes. Nitrogen has the best characteristics for use in the gas-water compositions. Conducted studies make it possible to conclude that the installations based on domestic gas-water compositions allow for import substitution of the foreign analogues certified in Russia.
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Ivchenko, Ol'ga, and Kirill Pankin. "TESTS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING ABILITY OF ALUMINUM HYDROGEL WHEN EXTINGUISHING MODEL NATURAL GROUND FIRES." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.1/4.
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Extinguishing natural fires largely depends on the effective use of fire extinguishers by firefighters. Nevertheless, there are objective limits to the fire extinguishing ability of known substances and materials, which cannot be overcome by either tactical or technological methods. In the work, a method for extinguishing ground fires using aluminum hydrogels with different concentrations as fire extinguishing compositions is proposed, which makes it possible to simultaneously realize three extinguishing methods: cooling, insulation, and combustion inhibition. Investigation of fire extinguishing ability of the selected fire extinguishing compositions has been carried out according to a specially developed technique that simulates formation and development of ground natural fire in experimental plots. Extinguishing efficiency was assessed by comparing the results of the total cost of extinguishing agents to a unit of length of the edge of the fire and a unit of area of the fire. It was shown that the best fire extinguishing ability has an aqueous solution of aluminum hydrogel with a concentration of 3.5-7 g/l. Fire extinguishing ability of aluminum hydrogels was investigated. The obtained results were compared with the fire extinguishing ability of water and aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate (soda) and sodium sulfate. The use of other aqueous solutions (soda and sodium sulfate) has not shown significant contribution to fire extinguishing. Therefore, fire extinguishing effect is completely due to the chemical composition and physical and chemical properties of aluminum hydrogel. Based on the data obtained, aluminum hydrogel costs per unit length and area of the fire, its lowest concentration, which retains the fire extinguishing effect and the technological conditions for its preparation and use, have been determined
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Leng, Ning Bo, Shun Xi Wang, and Pei Han. "Development of New Fire Extinguishing Agent for Grassland." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.62.
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Selecting ammonium dihydrogen phosphate of ultra-fine processing and surface modification as the main agent of fire extinguishing agent, mica powder, activated clay, talc, calcium carbonate as an inert filler, ND1 as additive, developed specifically for the grassland fire characteristics of ultra-fine dry powder fire extinguishing agent grassland; tested the moisture absorption rate, water repellency, bulk density and fluidity and other technical indicators; using quadrat grassed ignition method on new grassland fire extinguishing agent research the fire extinguishing efficiency and cost.
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Gurchumelia, Lali, Murman Tsarakhov, Salome Tkemaladze, Feliks Bejanov, and Lasha Tkemaladze. "Production and Performance Evaluation of Noble Fire Extinguishing Foam Suspensions Using Locally Available and Environmentally Friendly Natural Mineral Raw Materials." Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v21i1.47372.
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The main goal of this research is the fabrication of halogen free, environmentally friendly fire-extinguishing powders using local mineral raw materials and the development of technological processes for producing highly efficient fire-extinguishing foam-suspensions on the basis of the produced powders. Fire-extinguishing powders are made by mechanical treatment and mixing of raw materials: zeolite, clay shale, perlite and ammophos. The process does not need introduction of expensive, halogen-containing, hydrophobizators and ensures the cost-effective production of fire-extinguishing powders. The obtained fire-extinguishing powders are characterized by high performance properties, high fire-extinguishing capacity and coefficient of atomic oxygen recombination. Thus, they are characterized both by homogeneous and heterogeneous inhibition of combustion processes. The efficiency of the produced powders is not inferior to that of standard powders of common production. In addition, in contrast to their traditional analogs they are halogen free, environmentally friendly and cheaper (1.2-2 times cheaper). The obtained powders, unlike the ones of conventional production, have good compatibility with water and foam. Our foam-suspensions are prepared just by mechanical mixing of fire-extinguishing powders with water and surface-active substances – foamers. The process does not require chemical treatment of materials. Thus, the developed technology is simple and cost-effective. The foam-suspensions produced on the basis of the obtained powders have higher heat capacity, permeability, wetting effect like water and foam and unlike them, they allow for homogeneous as well as heterogeneous inhibition of the burning process. Thus, the so produced foam-suspensions will have higher extinguishing effect than water, foams or powders, taken separately. Based on the above, it can be suggested that the produced powders can be used for extinguishing all types of fires, including large-scale ones in a combination with water and foams.
Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2019) 58-64
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Gałaj, Jerzy, and Tomasz Drzymała. "Assessment of extinguishing efficiency of hybrid system using water mist and inert gas during class A fires." MATEC Web of Conferences 247 (2018): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824700013.
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Fixed hybrid fire extinguishing system, a new technology used in fire protection all over the world in the last years, was discussed. A four-head twin pipe system supplied with water mist and inert gas (air or nitrogen) was applied. A pile of 50 pine wood boards was used as a combustible material (class A fire). It was located in the corner of the compartment while the nozzles were mounted symmetrically in the centre (volume suppression). The extinguishing processes differing in the proportion of water mist to gas were analysed. The extinguishing time was taken as the most important parameter indicating the extinguishing efficiency. The impact of water flow on extinguishing process was discussed. The clear dependence of extinguishing time on the water/gas ratio was proven. The best performance of the hybrid system at water flow 3 dm3/min and nitrogen as inert gas was observed. The results obtained during experiments can be useful in developing new international standards e.g. NFPA.
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Sukach, R., V. Kovalyshyn, Ya Kyryliv, V. Petrovskii, and M. Sorochych. "STUDY OF THE TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SPECIAL FIRE BARREL FOR EXTINGUISHING UNDERGROUND FIRES IN PEAT-FOREST ECOSYSTEMS." Fire Safety 36 (July 23, 2020): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.36.2020.12.
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One of the promising methods of extinguishing fire is to extinguish with water or solutions of extinguishing agents. This method is relevant for extinguishing underground fires in peat-forest ecosystems, in particular litter and peat. For this, a special fire barrel was developed to extinguish underground fires using water extinguishing agents with the addition of surfactants. In the work, the tactical and technical characteristics of a special fire barrel for extinguishing underground fires are established and a method for extinguishing them with fire extinguishing agents using surfactants is developed.A special fire barrel equipped with auger blades has been developed, which perform a number of functions: cut solid inclusions when deepening, the trunk, hold the trunk in peat layers, open free channels to withdraw excess water to the surface without erosion of the soil.Based on the studies, it is possible to select the optimal parameters of pressure and fluid flow for specific conditions of quenching of peat and litter in the peat-forest ecosystem. In addition, it should be noted that the developed special fire barrelFire Safety, №36, 2020 109 has a more than 3 times greater consumption of extinguishing agent than existing analogues, such as TS-1, TS-2, SPT-70. This suggests that in practice such trunks will be needed less, and their extinguishing efficiency will be higher. As a fire extinguishing agent, it is recommended to use not water, but aqueous solutions of Bars S-1, Bars S-1m blowing agents containing surfactants that reduce the surface tension of water and increase the wetting ability of bedding, peat and are one of the most effective ways to combat peat fires.The fluid flow rate of a special fire barrel for extinguishing underground fires in peat-forest ecosystems was determined at pressures of 0.4 and 0.7 MPa, which are respectively 13.24 and 15.98 l/s.The fluid flow rate was calculated at 0.5 and 0.6 MPa, which is 14.26 and 15.40 l/s, respectively.Based on experimental and calculated data, it was found that the increase in fluid flow at pressures of 0.4 – 0.6 MPa occurs almost uniformly, and significantly slows down in the range of 0.6 – 0.7 MPa.
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Chen, L., L. Wang, V. Yankin, and A. Neyasov. "The review of the water mist fire extinguishing technology." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/39/26.
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Due to the signing of the Montreal Convention, people have been looking for alternatives to the halon fire extinguishing system. The water mist is widely concerned because of its unique advantages. Many scholars have conducted extensive research on water mist fire extinguishing technology. This paper makes a review of the development and research results of the water mist.
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Liu, Hao, Tianwei Zhang, Cunwei Zhang, Lei Xiao, and Qiang Liang. "Application of a novel a core-shell microstructured nanocomposites as a fire extinguishant using seawater." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123701009.
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Water has unsurpassed capabilities in fire extinguishing. However, water scarcity is rapidly increasing in many regions and water shortage problems have led to find either new water resources or improve seawater treatment technologies. In this study, a new environment-friendly and high-efficiency powdered fire extinguishing agent with a core-shell structure is designed. The designed extinguishing agent is a colloidal powder with a 92% liquid content and is prepared through physical modification and high-speed shearing. Fumed silica is used for the external shell due to its chemical inertness, whereas seawater is used as the core due to its high extinguishing efficiency. Results show that the size of the prepared agent ranged between 100–200μm. The two fire extinguishing experiments of different scales demonstrate that the employing inorganic salts with seawater as the core can significantly increase the efficiency of the new powder in extinguishing gasoline and diesel fire compared with ultrafine and common ABC dry powders. The suppression mechanism of action is caused by the combined flame chemical and pyrolysis theories of the potassium compounds. This study would be of great theoretical significance and application value for improving the application scope of the seawater.
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Kovalev, O. O., A. Y. Kalinovsky, and O. G. Polivanov. "DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS OF CONTAINER METHOD OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING." Fire Safety, no. 34 (July 19, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.06.
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Currently, the creation of fundamentally new technical means of fire extinguishing and the development of new methods for delivering fire extinguishing substances to a remote distance when extinguishing complex fires is the actual scientific and technical problem. The fire fighting equipment currently used in the territorial divisions of the SES of Ukraine does not allow delivering of fire extinguishing substances at a distance of 100 m and more. Existing fire fighting equipment is designed to deliver water, aqueous solutions and foams at a distance of up to 100 meters, as well as dry chemicals at a distance of up to 70 meters. Today various researchers are developing technical means and methods for remote delivery of such fire extinguishing agents as aerosol-forming compounds, dry chemical powders, fire extinguishing freons, solid carbon dioxide and organometallic compounds. At the same time, the use of the considered fire extinguishing agents did not become widespread in the fire and rescue units due to insufficient development of technical means and methods of delivery. To solve the problem of delivering fire extinguishing substances to a remote distance while extinguishing complex fires, it was proposed to use a barrelled fire extinguishing system, which ensures high-precision delivery by throwing the containers filled with extinguishing agent directly into the combustion zone along the ballistic trajectory. The analysis of various fire extinguishing substances and compositions for use in containers showed that to achieve the highest efficiency of fire extinguishing, it is advisable to use dry chemical powders. As a result of the study of the use of dry chemical powders as container fillers, the mechanics of the fire extinguishing action of dry chemical compositions after releasing from the container by excessive pressure, created by detonation products of explosives, was investigated. A method for determining the total mass of dry chemical powder and the required number of containers filled with dry chemical powder for extinguishing class A and B fires has been developed. Keywords
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Tsarichenko, S. G., A. V. Ostrovoy, S. V. Karasev, and M. L. Pugachev. "A research into the potential application of unmanned aerial vehicles in the fire extinguishing of high-rise buildings and structures." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2021.30.03.54-64.
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Introduction. Fires in high-rise buildings and structures constitute a grave danger both to the people inside, valuables, and the building structure. More often than not, fires develop on the external surface of construction facilities that are in operation or inside those facilities that are under construction, and they give rise to the problem of using standard fire extinguishing solutions and require the employment of mobile machinery by fast response units of the fire-fighting service who apply fire extinguishing agents from the outside of a building. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the in expediency of, or, on the contrary, the need to make the proposed amendments to Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 “Technical Regulation of Fire Safety Requirements”.The scope of the problem. The analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of application of fire extinguishing agents used to extinguish outdoor fires in high-rise buildings has shown the insufficiently high efficiency of ground-mounted machinery, which preconditions the need to make an enquiry into the possibility of using aircraft to extinguish high-rise buildings and structures. Given the need to ensure effective fire extinguishing, meet safety and economic feasibility requirements, an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (AURA) was selected as the delivery vehicle. Systems using various fire extinguishing agents and methods of their application were used for fire extinguishing purposes, including a pulsed water application system, capsules containing the fire extinguishing composition, high-pressure water mist and compressed air foam. Their applicability at the height of 300 meters has determined their choice.Research results. The testing task was to confirm the possibility of application of fire extinguishing agents to the fire seat in the course of the flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle, to identify the effectiveness of fire extinguishing agents and to assess the stability of extinguishing agents applied to the fire seat. To ensure safety, testing was carried out at the height not exceeding 10 m, and the results confirmed the possibility of using the above substances to extinguish fires.Conclusions. The research has confirmed the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles and various methods of fire extinguishing by means of the horizontal application of extinguishing agents inside high-rise buildings and structures, if extinguishing agents are applied from outside of a construction facility.
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Jia, Chun Lei, Wang Qun, and Kai Tang. "A Fast Responsive Thermosensivtive P(NIPAM/AA-Na) Hydrogel and its Fire Suppressing Experiment." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.219.
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A fast responsive thermosensitive hydrogel poly((N-isopropy- lacrylamide/Sodium acrylate) (P(NIPAm/AA-Na)) were prepared by free radical polymerization methods. The low critical soluble temperatures (LCST) of the hydrgols is about 60°C in 5%wt aqueous solutions. The heterogeneous macroporous structure was observed by SEM. Deswelling degree of the hydrogel is up to 75% in 60 seconds. The 1A rating wood stacking fire were suppressed with water, colloid extinguishing agent B of Zhejiang University and the thermosensitive P(NIPAm/AA-Na) hydrogel respectively. Radiant heat and the temperature were recorded by several heat probes and thermocouples during extinguishing. The results showed that the fire extinguishing-time of the thermosensitive hydrogel is shortest at the same practical rate of application among the three. Consumption of extinguishing agent is the least. The water damage to the section unfired is low after fire extinguishing. The extinguishing agent residual is easy to clean, so the extinguishing efficiency is high.
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Wang, Shuai, and Xiaojun Wang. "Empirical research on electric fire extinguishing performance by application of water-based fire extinguishing agent." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 474 (May 15, 2020): 052097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/474/5/052097.
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Han, Xue, Jun Qin, Jun Jun Tao, and Ming Hui Feng. "A Numerical Study Onfire Suppression of Water Mist in Microgravity." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.819.
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Water mist technology has been developed and regarded as a promising substitute fire-extinguishing agent in spacecraft. In this paper, a numerical simulation method is introduced to investigate the effect of water mist size, velocity and flow rateon the fire suppressionefficiencyin microgravity. The fire extinguishing efficiency is better for the finer water mist in microgravity due to better heat transfer and more rapid vaporization. The evaporation cooling is the dominant mechanism of fire suppression in microgravity.As for the water mist velocity, the performance of fire suppression is affected slightly in microgravity. The results on the effect of water flow rate show that the flow rate should be higher than a critical value to suppress the fire effectively.
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Wang, Quan, Fengqi Wang, Chengxiao Li, Zhimin Li, and Rui Li. "Fire extinguishing performance and mechanism for several typical dry water extinguishing agents." RSC Advances 11, no. 17 (2021): 9827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00253h.
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Four new dry water fire extinguishing agents (FEAs) were developed by hydrophobic SiO2 and aqueous solution. Among them, dry water FEA with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate has the best extinguishing effect via temperature changes by thermocouples.
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Ma, Li, Xiao Huang, Youjie Sheng, Xixi Liu, and Gaoming Wei. "Experimental Study on Thermosensitive Hydrogel Used to Extinguish Class A Fire." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030367.
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Hydrogels are crosslinked polymers that become fully swollen when placed in aqueous environments. They are widely used in the field of firefighting because they can remarkably increase the viscosity and wettability of water. In this study, a thermosensitive hydrogel used to effectively suppress class A fire was synthesized by using methylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, and magnesium chloride. The structure, surface activity and viscosity of the hydrogel were characterized. Fire extinguishing performance was evaluated based on small-scale and large-scale experiments. The results showed that a phase transition of the hydrogel occurred when the temperature rose from 50 °C to 80 °C. After the phase transition, the hydrogel showed a higher viscosity and lower surface tension, which was conducive to attach to the surface of the burning material and acting as an effective barrier to isolate oxygen. The small-scale fire extinguishing tests indicated that the concentration of the hydrogel solution has an eminent influence on fire extinguishing performance. The optimum concentration for extinguishing performance was around 6 wt%. The large-scale experiments demonstrated that the fire-extinguishing performance of this thermosensitive hydrogel was superior to the two other commercial water-based fire extinguishing agents, as it prevented re-ignition highly efficiently.
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Min, Yong Lin, Xiao Yang Chen, Chi Chen, and Chuan Ping Hu. "Simulation of Closed-Loop Control of the Landing Position of the Water Jet out from Water Fire Monitors." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1902.
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Ordinarily, water fire monitor extinguishing systems are applied to protect large space places from fire. To intellectualize them and improve the water usability and extinguishing efficiency, it is necessary to realize the closed-loop control of the landing position of the water jet out from the monitors in order to let the water jet reach the fire point as fast as possible. According to the characteristics of the adjusting mechanism of fire monitors, combing with the new theoretical model for their water jet track, the closed-loop control procedure is simulated. The results show that the water jet can reach the ignition point after only several adjustments. The effective control procedure simulation paves a sound basis for the closed-loop control of the landing position of the water jet out from water fire monitors.
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Prokhorov, V. P., and E. S. Vagner. "HIGH-PRESSURE WATER SPRAY APPLICATION FOR AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINCTION IN THE UNDERGROUND." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2017): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2017.6.669-673.
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The paper is devoted to ensuring the fire safety of an important object for the majority of megacities as the underground. The author examines in detail the fire-hazardous production processes and talks about the use of high-pressure water spray (WS) for extinguishing fires at underground facilities as the most effective firefighting measures. The paper describes the advantages of using of high-pressure water spray for automatic fire extinguishing in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.
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Liu, Zhizhong, Chen Chen, Mu Liu, Song Wang, and Yuzhu Liu. "Numerical Simulations on the Extinguishing Effect of Water Mist System with Different Parameters of Longitudinal Ventilation in Curve Tunnel Fire." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (September 23, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7373685.
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Once a fire occurs in a long curve tunnel, the mixing of hot smoke flow and cold air leads to turbulence due to the curvature’s impact. This phenomenon results in a greater thermal pressure difference at the fire source and a substantially greater temperature field than in the straight tunnel. The longitudinal air flowing along the wall loses a lot of velocity in the curve tunnel due to the massive wall friction. Under the same fire extinguishing conditions, the curve tunnel and straight tunnel have different requirements for longitudinal ventilation. Factors such as tunnel curvature, longitudinal ventilation operation time, and ventilation velocity were all evaluated in order to investigate the influence of longitudinal ventilation parameters on the fire extinguishing effect of water mist in the curve tunnel. The fire extinguishing effect of water mist coupling with longitudinal ventilation in the curve tunnel is studied by numerical simulation, and the recommended values of ventilation operation time and ventilation velocity in the curve tunnel with the participation of the water mist system are given. The results show that (1) the fire extinguishing effect of water mist decreases with the increase of curvature under longitudinal ventilation and (2) fire prevention effect is best when water mist and longitudinal ventilation are used in the curved tunnel, and the ventilation velocity should be greater than 2 m/s.
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Kovalyshyn, V., V. Marych, B. Gusar, V. Navalianyi, and Ya Fedyuk. "JUSITFICATION OF DRY CHEMICAL POWDERS TESTING PROCEDURE." Fire Safety, no. 33 (March 3, 2019): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.33.2018.07.
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The analysis of the problem of extinguishing fires of magnesium and its alloys is carried out. The urgency of studying the problem is confirmed by the fact that during the extinguishing of class D fires there are factors that can complicate the quenching process. Often, these metals actively react with water, which leads to an even greater spread of the fire and even an explosion. Therefore, special fire extinguishers, which have passed the proper test, are more effective in locating the fire and prevent the burning of the powder to form the "tongues" of the flame. In Ukraine, there is no method for testing the effectiveness of fire extinguishants of special purpose for the extinguishing of class D fires. The normative documents have been analyzed, which specify the procedures for testing extinguishing fire-extinguishing special-purpose fire extinguishing class D. Specifically: the methods are described in the international standard ISO 7165: 2017 «Fire fighting – Portable fire extinguishers – Performance and construction» and GOST 53280.5-2009 Fire fighting systems automatic. Extinguishing agents.
Both methods have a number of shortcomings that need to be addressed when creating a Ukrainian fire test method for extinguishing fire extinguishing class D, namely: the dimensions of the metal frame made of sheet steel with a side (500 ± 10) mm, height (150 ± 5) mm for testing with magnesium chips are small; Not specified quantity of gasoline necessary for the rise of magnesium; The gas or oxygen torch used to dissolve magnesium does not provide full-value combustion throughout the area, but only creates separate cells of ignition.
A draft methodology has been developed that determines the fire-extinguishing efficiency of powdered powders used in Ukraine. The required amount of fuel for burning magnesium and its alloys is determined. It was ascertained that for the firing of magnesium chips it is necessary to use at least 127 grams of gasoline of the mark A 92.
Key words: test method, fire extinguishers of special purpose, extinguishing of fires of magnesium alloys
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Liu, Peng. "Numerical Simulation on Water Mist Fire Suppression System Operation in Typical Environment." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.491.
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Water mist fire suppression system is widely used in many places, for its little damage and greatly reduces the cost of extinguishing fire. But because of the intricate extinguishing mechanism of water mist, it is difficult to design an optimal water mist fire suppression system in a typical place. With the rapid development of computer technology, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has already been proved to be a useful and powerful tool in fire safety science. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is used to simulated the interaction of water mist and fire in a typical fire scenario in this paper. Two design schemes of water mist system are compared to prove which one is better. Through simulated by FDS on these two cases, the water mist system with 4 sprinklers is suited in the restroom.
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Korolchenko, D. A., and S. V. Puzach. "The assessment of extinction mechanisms involving water mist applied to combustible liquids." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/pvb.2021.30.01.54-63.
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Introduction. A number of problems accompany the development of new extinction methods applicable on the premises of buildings and structures and the use of advanced fire extinguishing agents. Subject-specific studies are needed to solve these problems. They include the identification of general principles of fire extinguishing efficiency and further development of the optimal mode of application of firefighting agents. The purpose of this work is the theoretical assessment of fire extinction mechanisms involving the water mist applied to combustible liquids. The objectives to be accomplished include the equations based on the mass/energy conservation laws and derived for flame zones with account taken of the water mist applied; the assessment of the water flow rate for different combustion mechanisms; comparison of assessment results with experimental data obtained in the process of extinguishing model fire seats that have burning combustible fluids.Methods of analysis. The calculations involve the equations based on the mass/energy conservation laws and derived for flame zones above the surface of combustibles.Research results. The author analyzes two fire extinguishing mechanisms that contribute to the suppression of burning in the flame zone: 1) the attainment of the value of mass concentration of water vapour that reaches the lower concentration limit of combustion of the combustible mixed gas (oxygen reduction); 2) cooling combustible mixed gas in the flame zone by evaporating water until the flash point temperature of combustible vapour is reached.Conclusions: Equations based on mass/energy conservation laws were derived for flame zones, formed in the course of combustion of flammable liquids, with account taken of a jet of water mist. Water flow rates needed for the implementation of various extinguishing mechanisms were analyzed using the proposed equations. Theoretical results were compared with the experimental data obtained in the process of using water mist to extinguish model fire seats that contain combustible fluids.
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Lazarenko, O. V., O. D. Synelnikov, I. M. Bykov, and A. S. Kuskovets. "FIRE EXTINGUISHING AND OTHER URGENT WORK IN ELECTRIC CARS." Fire Safety, no. 34 (July 19, 2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.09.
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The development of modern technologies simultaneously with the improvement of the conditions of human existence creates additional risks that had been solved to ensure the safety and comfortable conditions of people's stay. One of these areas of human development is the gradual transition to alternative energy sources and modes of transport, including electric vehicles. Modern versions of electric vehicles, by their tactical and technical characteristics, practically do not concede cars with engines of internal combustion, but the research shows that from the point of view of fire safety and tactics of firefighting, the batteries of electric cars require some other approaches and algorithms for carrying out of emergency rescue works. Considering the modern experience and experimental results of research on the tactics of firefighting of electric vehicles, it turned out that the normative intensity of water supply (aqueous solutions) should be increased and make not less than 1,2 l/(c·m2). An increase in the normative intensity of water supply requires the fire-extinguishing chief to ensure in advance the uninterrupted supply of the extinguishing agent to the fire brigade, necessarily installing a tanker truck on a fire hydrant or reservoir. The specificity of the extinguishing of electric cars also shows the ineffectiveness of the use of a fire-extinguishing agent of air-mechanical foam and the necessity of compulsory dismantling of the battery pack of an electric vehicle after the elimination of the fire. The main results of the work are summarized in the general list of the algorithm of actions of the fireextinguishing chief after his arrival at the place of the emergency related to the ignition of electric vehicles. Compliance by the fire-extinguishing chief of the given algorithm of action will minimize the risks for the personnel of the rescue unit and accelerate the elimination of the fire. Accordingly, to the analysis and scientific results, the future directions of scientific research should be aimed: at improving the algorithm of action and tactics of elimination the fire of electric cars, the development of technical devices for extinguishing the battery of electric cars, the development of automatic fire extinguishing of electric cars, the development of more effective fire extinguishing means for extinguishing the rechargeable battery of electric cars.
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Tuśnio, Norbert, and Paweł Wolny. "New techniques and a new approach to the effective extinguishing of fully developed fires in enclosed spaces." Internal Security 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20805268.1231596.
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An example of modern water mist extinguishing technology is presented in the article. Water mist systems are firefighting systems which uses very fine water sprays. The smallest water droplets allow a water mist to control, suppress or extinguish fires by cooling both the flame and hot gases by evaporation, displacing oxygen by evaporation and reducing radiant heat through the small droplets themselves. The effectiveness of water mist systems in fire suppression depends on its spray characteristics, which include the droplet size and distribution, flux density and spray dynamics, phase of fire development, fire size and the ventilation conditions. The COBRA (known as PyroLance in USA) systems presented use of a cutting extinguisher is a fire extinguishing technique that combines abrasive waterjet cutting with water spray extinguishing, through a single handpiece or nozzle. The firefighter approaches the fire from outside the main fire area, then uses the cutting action to drill a small hole through a barrier such as a door, wall, roof or floor. Switching to a water spray then allows the fire to be fought, as with a conventional fog nozzle. An analysis of the benefits of using high-pressure water mist in conjunction with new firefighting tactics is described. State Fire Service should aim to minimize water consumption and thus reduce the post-fire losses, take care of environmental protection and improve safety conditions for firefighters.
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Lee, Sang-Sub, Chang-Hong Kim, Min-Chul Kim, and Jong-Sang Kim. "Development of a Fire-Extinguishing Wallpaper Containing Microcapsules." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.3043adb9.
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In this study, a wallpaper with fire-extinguishing properties was developed. This wallpaper is expected to increase the evacuation time and suppress the spread of flames in case of fire. It was confirmed that the fire-extinguishing time of an ordinary wallpaper can be increased from 2 to 5 min by incorporating micro-extinguishing capsules in the general water pool. After attaching microfire-extinguishing capsules in the form of a film on the back of the wallpaper, a burning test using a torch and 45° flame retardant digestion was performed, and the thermal properties of the adhesive film were verified based on the reaction start temperature, peak point, reaction end temperature, and weight reduction rate through thermogravimetric analysis.
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Gałaj, Jerzy, Norbert Tuśnio, Paweł Wolny, and Tomasz Drzymała. "Analysis of the Impact of Water Flow Rate on the Temperature Variability in a Closed Room during the Extinguishing of A-Group Fire Using a Hybrid Water Mist Suppression System." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 8700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208700.
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The advantage of hybrid fire suppression systems is that they combine the advantages of both water mist and clean agent systems. Currently, this innovative technology is increasingly used in fixed firefighting systems. Available literature both in Polish and around the world describes this issue in a fragmentary way. Extinguishing system tests were carried out at the Main School of Fire Service in Warsaw. The impact of water mist flow rate on the temperature variability in a closed room during the extinguishing of group A fires using a hybrid water mist system was analyzed. Four different flow rates 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 3.0 dm3/min were applied. The temperature variability of selected points of a closed test chamber during extinguishing process are presented. The extinguishing efficiency, taking into account extinguishing time, average speed of temperature drop and other parameters, was estimated on the basis of proposed original criterion. The results obtained showed that water flow rate has a significant impact on temperature variability and included the determination of optimal water flow rate at which the extinguishing efficiency is the highest. The conducted research proved that the hybrid system is more effective than classic mist and gas systems when extinguishing group A fires.
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Kitsak, A. I. "Modeling of the mechanism of heterogeneous inhibition of the active flame centers of a jet burning system by fire extinguishing powder particles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 66, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2021-66-2-250-256.
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The relevance of the work is due to the lack of a physical interpretation of the process of extinguishing jet burning systems with fire extinguishing powders, which is important for ensuring effective fire extinguishing at gas and oil complexes and hazardous chemical industries. A mathematical model of the reaction kinetics of heterogeneous inhibition of active flame centers of a jet burning system by fire extinguishing powder particles in an unsteady mode is considered in the approximation of a purely molecular transfer of matter in the reaction zone. The regularities of the mechanism of heterogeneous inhibition of the active flame centers by the particles of the extinguishing powder under conditions when the active particles of the combustion products participate not only in diffuse, but also in convective transport are established. It is shown, that the convective motion of the active flame centers increases the reaction rate of heterogeneous inhibition of their particles of the extinguishing agent. The results obtained allow us to optimize the conditions for the supply of fire extinguishing powder to the jet burning medium for effective flame suppression.
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Jevtić, Radoje. "Stable fire extinguishing installations with CO2 fire extinguishers." Tehnika 75, no. 4 (2020): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2004527j.
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Stabile systems for fire protection present very important and powerful way for fire protection. The realization of these protection systems can be on different ways and with different fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers that can be used in these protection systems are water, CO2, dust, foam, inergen, halon or some "new fire extinguishers". The biggest meaning of these systems usage is in the fact that they can be used in cases of human or fire fighters absence, in cases when is important to "cover" large space or volume, in cases where problems and difficulties with fire mobile equipment exist, in cases when fire extinguishers quantity can be small etc. The way of realization of these systems depend from many different factors. This paper was written to present the stabile systems for fire protection with CO2 extinguishers and FDS computer simulation of extinguishing with this kind of stabile fire protection system.
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Zheng, LI, and WANG Quan. "Experimental Study of Explosive Water Mist Extinguishing Fire." Procedia Engineering 11 (2011): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.655.
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Zhi, Huiqiang, Youquan Bao, Lu Wang, and Yixing Mi. "Extinguishing performance of alcohol-resistant firefighting foams on polar flammable liquid fires." Journal of Fire Sciences 38, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904119893732.
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The protection of polar flammable liquid storage tanks from fire is an important matter related to the safe production of enterprises and to the safety of people’s lives and property. Although the foam fire-extinguishing system has long been the main means for the fire protection of flammable liquid storage tanks, the influence of the physical properties of polar flammable liquids on the fire-extinguishing characteristics of alcohol-resistant foams has not been well studied, which causes many problems for engineering design. In the present work, 14 kinds of polar flammable liquids were used to carry out non-ignition tests and alcohol-resistant foam fire-extinguishing tests. The results show that water-miscible and water-immiscible polar flammable liquids exhibit significant differences in their interactions with the alcohol-resistant foams under non-ignition conditions. A lower specific gravity and a higher heat of combustion of polar flammable liquids will result in a longer time needed for fire control, and a higher saturated vapor pressure of polar flammable liquids will result in a longer time needed to extinguish the edge fire. In addition, the tests show that the forceful application of alcohol-resistant foams is not conducive to extinguishing fires involving polar flammable liquids and cannot even control the fires.
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Gałaj, Jerzy, Tomasz Drzymała, and Paweł Wolny. "Analysis of the Impact of Selected Parameters of the Hybrid Extinguishing System on the Fire Environment in a Closed Room." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 6867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236867.
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The main purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of some parameters (water mist flow rate and type of gas used) of the hybrid extinguishing system on the fire environment (temperature as well as carbon monoxide and oxygen concentrations) in a closed room. Hybrid fire-extinguishing systems in which water mist is driven by inert gas combine the advantages of typical fog systems and fixed gas extinguishing devices. They have been developed in the last years but are now being used more and more often and the preparation of standards for them is planned for 2020. For this purpose, many fire tests with this system should be conducted. Some of them are discussed in this paper. Two different flow rates of water mist (1.5 or 3 dm3/min) and inert gas (nitrogen or air) were used during hybrid system testing. Some parameters of the fire environment in the compartment such as temperature measured by thermocouples as well as carbon monoxide and oxygen concentrations measured by electrochemical gas sensors are presented here. The characteristic values of the extinguishing process are also included. The assumed times of ensuring safe conditions in the room have been confirmed.
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Kim, Dong Hwan, Chi Young Lee, and Chang Bo Oh. "Effects of Discharge Area and Atomizing Gas Type in Full Cone Twin-Fluid Atomizer on Extinguishing Performance of Heptane Pool Fire under Two Heat Release Rate Conditions in an Enclosed Chamber." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 3247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073247.
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In this study, the effects of discharge area and atomizing gas type in a twin-fluid atomizer on heptane pool fire-extinguishing performance were investigated under the heat release rate conditions of 1.17 and 5.23 kW in an enclosed chamber. Large and small full cone twin-fluid atomizers were prepared. Nitrogen and air were used as atomizing gases. With respect to the droplet size of water mist, as the water and air flow rates decreased and increased, respectively, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the water mist decreased. The SMD of large and small atomizers were in the range of approximately 12–60 and 12–49 μm, respectively. With respect to the discharge area effect, the small atomizer exhibited a shorter extinguishing time, lower peak surface temperature, and higher minimum oxygen concentration than the large atomizer. Furthermore, it was observed that the effect of the discharge area on fire-extinguishing performance is dominant under certain flow rate conditions. With respect to the atomizing gas type effect, nitrogen and air appeared to exhibit nearly similar extinguishing times, peak surface temperatures, and minimum oxygen concentrations under most flow rate conditions. Based on the present and previous studies, it was revealed that the effect of atomizing gas type on fire-extinguishing performance is dependent on the relative positions of the discharged flow and fire source.
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Liang, Tian Shui, Jing Jing Yu, Guan Peng Lu, Xiang Li, Wei Zhong, and Siu Ming Lo. "A Numerical Study of the Fire-Extinguishing Performance of Ultrafine Water Mist in Small Scale Tunnel Space." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 1555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.1555.
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CFD simulation study on the fire-extinguishing performance of ultra-fine water mist (UFM) and its flow behavior in a small scale tunnel. Numerical simulation using dense gas model were carried outIt is discorvered that simulation shows that the larger size of fire is more difficult to extinguish in tunhenel space; and that the effect of obstruction in extinguishing efficiency depends on the location of obstruction.
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Kovalchyk, V., R. Kindzer, and S. Yemelyanenko. "DEVELOPING OF BLOCKING NOZZLE FOR COMPLEX EXTINGUISHING ON THE INITIAL STAGE OF FIRE." Fire Safety, no. 33 (December 31, 2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.33.2018.08.
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After analyzing the presence of fire and technical equipment, in particular fire extinguishing devices, on the fire and rescue engines of the SES of Ukraineunits, we have suggested, developed and constructed a nozzle for obtaining low-frequency air-mechanical foam. This nozzle can serve as a combination of water and foam extinguishing agents to extinguish fires that have not developed into significant areas and sizes.It is preferable to eliminate the fire at the initial stage of its occurrence, preventing the influence of the effects of its dangerous factors on living creatures and the environment.
Given the above problem, the authors designed a nozzle with the ability to completely cease the supply of extinguishing agents, using an overhead crane with a handle.At the exit from the fire nozzle, a metal mesh consisting of 1,5 x 1,5 mm tubes is installed. The shell of the nozzle is equipped with rubber overlays on both sides, which will protect arescuer from possible electric shock.
The use of such nozzle allows for more efficient elimination of fires and more economical use of extinguishing agents. The technical characteristics are acceptable for the subsequent successful use of the device as intended. Additionally, one of the advantages is the possibility of ceasing the delivery of extinguishing substances in case of changing the position of a rescuer during the elimination of fire, reducing the flow of water and foam, as well as protection against possible electric shock.
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Thomitzek, Adam, Jan Ondruch, Dana Chudová, and Petr Kučera. "Effects Of Compressed Air Foam Application On Heat Conditions In Fire Within A Closed Space." TRANSACTIONS of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsbses-2015-0009.
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Abstract This article evaluates the knowledge obtained in firefighting tests using compressed air foam system (CAFS) within a confined space. Six experiments were conducted for verification during the cooling of rooms and the self-extinguishing effect. The simulation was for a fully developed fire within a room. The fuel was chosen to simulate ordinary combustible materials utilized in residential areas. Mantel thermocouples were placed in the rooms to record the temperature changes. Compressed air foam was first applied with a standard fire hose nozzle to the ceiling and then to the epicenter of fire. Fire extinguishing was initiated after reaching the desired temperature in the room. The temperature for the start of fire extinguishing matched the third phase of development of a fire. Fire extinguishing was terminated after no obvious signs of fire were shown in epicenter of fire. The outputs of the experiments were evaluated on the basis of the amount of time passed for the temperature to drop below the suggested limit. Individual experiments were also conducted with various different admixing foaming agents over different locations. In the experiments, it has been verified that the application of compressed air foam has a positive effect on room cooling. Use of a compressed air foaming agent does not allow for the development of steam that can scald firefighters and reduce visibility. Furthermore, the extinguishing agent used is more efficient utilizing less water flow out of the fire area.
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Ausonio, Elena, Patrizia Bagnerini, and Marco Ghio. "Drone Swarms in Fire Suppression Activities: A Conceptual Framework." Drones 5, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5010017.
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The recent huge technological development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide breakthrough means of fighting wildland fires. We propose an innovative forest firefighting system based on the use of a swarm of hundreds of UAVs able to generate a continuous flow of extinguishing liquid on the fire front, simulating the effect of rain. Automatic battery replacement and extinguishing liquid refill ensure the continuity of the action. We illustrate the validity of the approach in Mediterranean scrub first computing the critical water flow rate according to the main factors involved in the evolution of a fire, then estimating the number of linear meters of active fire front that can be extinguished depending on the number of drones available and the amount of extinguishing fluid carried. A fire propagation cellular automata model is also employed to study the evolution of the fire. Simulation results suggest that the proposed system can provide the flow of water required to fight low-intensity and limited extent fires or to support current forest firefighting techniques.
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Wu, Wen Zhong. "10On Similarity Laws of Solar Thermal Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2186.
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Study on solar thermal technology along with its radiation, collection, storage sub-models are full of illuminations in many similar phenomena, so this paper analyzes dimensions in its radiation, collection processes, and founds dimensionless model for these processes, and also figures out their similarity laws, and then extends its radiation, collection theory and technology to fire evolution process, and generalizes fire-protection idea and method: besides directly extinguishing fire by cool water and other constraint agents, we try to collect and transfer fire radiation, as the result, indirectly extinguish fire. This generalization is expected to many brand-new extinguishing fire technologies in the future.
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Suslavičius, Vladimiras, and Marijonas Bogdevičius. "NEW AUTOMATIC IMPULSE EXTINGUISHING DEVICE." TRANSPORT 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2008.23.124-128.
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A simple way to increase the extinguishing water surface area is to atomize water into fine drops. The smaller drops are developed, the better use of water properties can be implemented and less water is consumed in fire fighting. The automatic impulse extinguishing is created. The main aim of the investigation is to develop the approach to investigate the dynamic and hydrodynamic processes in the extinguishing device. The mathematical model of the extinguishing device is presented, where the flow of liquid and gas and the interaction of liquid with the gas are taken into account. The flow of fluids in a hydraulic system is described by a system of equations of a hyperbolic type, which is solved by a characteristics method. An instance of the mathematical simulation of the activity of extinguishing device is shown.
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Śmigielski, Grzegorz, Wojciech Toczek, Roman Dygdała, and Krzysztof Stefański. "Metrological Analysis of Precision of the System of Delivering a Water Capsule for Explosive Production of Water Aerosol." Metrology and Measurement Systems 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0006.
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Abstract In this paper precision of the system controlling delivery by a helicopter of a water capsule designed for extinguishing large scale fires is analysed. The analysis was performed using a numerical method of distribution propagation (the Monte Carlo method) supplemented with results of application of the uncertainty propagation method. In addition, the optimum conditions for the airdrop are determined to ensure achieving the maximum area covered by the water capsule with simultaneous preserving the precision level necessary for efficient fire extinguishing.
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Wang, Li. "Analysis of Fire Intelligent Inspection System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1539.
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When fire,the fire water supply equipment ofen will not operate. Because the fire pump can not normally water or its pipeline may get rusty To solve this problem, the study analyzed the fire intelligent inspection system;and comparative analyzed the problems of intelligent inspection system and labor inspection. Fire water supply equipment plays a very important role in the fire protection system,so the fire intelligent inspection system is a necessary configuration of the fire extinguishing system.
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Lu, Chun Yi, and Yong Gang Yu. "The Experimental Study and Simplified Model of Water Mist Absorbing Heat Radiation." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.886.
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The small-scale experiments of water mist extinguishing cardboard fire were carried out. Thermocouples and heat radiation sensor were used to measure the fire temperature and radiation heat flux of the burning area. The variation characteristics of the combustion field radiation heat flux under different spray pressure were studied. The results show that: the spray pressure has a significant influence on the extinguishing process. Based on the experiments, The simplified model of water mist absorbing heat radiation has been established, the results of this model agree well with the results of the experiments, and is good for predicting the effect of water mist particle diameter.
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Копылов, Николай Петрович, Дмитрий Вячеславович Федоткин, Лев Александрович Орлов, Борис Владимирович Кононов, and Тарас Иосафатович Сенчишак. "Experimental research of sub-layer feed of self-foaming gas-aerosol filled foam for extinguishing fires in tanks with oil products." Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, no. 2(99) (June 18, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.2020.99.2.004.
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Статья посвящена исследованиям в области тушения пожаров в резервуарах классическим подслойным способом. Представлены результаты натурных огневых (и без горючей нагрузки) испытаний по подслойной подаче самовспенивающейся газоаэрозоленаполненной пены (СГП) в резервуар РВС-5000 от импульсных установок пожаротушения. Испытания показали высокую эффективность тушения нефтепродуктов импульсным способом с подачей СГП, в том числе по протяженному сухотрубу. Определен комплекс факторов, обеспечивающих высокую эффективность тушения исследуемого способа пожаротушения. In Russia a significant number of tanks are equipped with sub-layer fire extinguishing systems. Foam lines are used to feed the foam into the tank, and various foam generators are used to produce it. The article presents information on the problems of extinguishing fires in tanks using the classical technology of sub-layer fire extinguishing. The relevance of research on the use of a pulsed fire extinguishing method with a sub-layer feed of self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam is shown. For practical confirmation of the effectiveness of SGP “subsurface” way at the site of the Orenburg branch of FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia there was carried out in-situ prior (without fuel load) and fire tests on the tank RVS-5000. In the preliminary test, the SGP feed was carried out from the «Uragan-7,5-200-300» and it was experimentally confirmed that it is possible to obtain a SGP when it is fed through a layer of water. The results of preliminary tests to study the ascent of the SGP through the liquid layer are presented: the time of ascent, the time of covering the mirror area, the multiplicity, and the loss of the SGP in the dry tube. Fire tests were carried out to determine the possibility of extinguishing AI-95 gasoline on the RVS-5000 mirror by sub-layer feeding of the SGP and the possibility of feeding the SGP through an extended dry pipe. When conducting fire tests, two UPAT-7500-M units were used to feed the SGP. Tests have shown high efficiency of extinguishing oil products with pulsed fire extinguishing method with the SGP supply, including long dry pipes. A set of factors that ensure high efficiency of the investigated method of fire extinguishing is presented. At present, an important issue is the adaptation of the SGP feed technology to the existing infrastructure of sub-layer fire extinguishing. This will make it possible to use this highly effective technology on existing tanks equipped with sub-layer fire extinguishing systems and increase the level of fire protection of tank farms.
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Dubinin, Dmytro, Kostyantyn Korytchenko, Andrei Lisnyak, Ihor Hrytsyna, and Volodimir Trigub. "Improving the installation for fire extinguishing with finelydispersed water." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 10 (92) (April 4, 2018): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.127865.
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Liu, Yangpeng, Xishi Wang, Tong Liu, Jing Ma, Guochun Li, and Zihao Zhao. "Preliminary study on extinguishing shielded fire with water mist." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 141 (September 2020): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.05.043.
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WANG, Shuai. "A global analysis on water-based fire extinguishing agent." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 61 (April 2017): 012135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/61/1/012135.
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Gergel, V. I., and E. A. Meshalkin. "Fire extinguishing by finely-dispersed water of high pressure." Пожаровзрывобезопасность 26, no. 3 (March 2017): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18322/pvb.2017.26.03.45-49.
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