Dissertations / Theses: 'Fire fighters Fire extinction'

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Hansen, Jeremy J. "The development of an effective rapid intervention team within the fire service." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003hansenj.pdf.

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Mickley, Brian P. "A plan for the Allentown Fire Academy that will show its potential as an institution of education and learning which will meet the needs of the attending firefighters and the communities they serve." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1994. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Fern, Lisa Carolynn. "Coordination in urban firefighting a critical incident analysis /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1206029951.

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Pope, Christopher M. "A model strategy and policy for screening firefighter candidates." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FPope.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Lauren F. Wollman. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-162). Also available online.

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Winer, Daniel H. "The development and meaning of firefighting, 1650-1850." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 351 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1833647391&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Horowitz, Melissa. "Physiological profile of Montreal fire fighters." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60074.

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The purpose was to compare the physical fitness level of male fire fighters to the average Canadian population of similar age and sex. Subjects were 1303 fire fighters between the ages of 19 and 58 years, categorized into the following four age groups: 19-29 years (n = 351), 30-39 years (n = 408), 40-49 years (n = 408) and 50-59 years (n = 136). Subjects participated in the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness including (1) pre-test screening; (2) anthropometric; (3) cardiovascular; (4) flexibility and; (5) muscular endurance measurements. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant differences between the body composition, flexibility, cardiovascular fitness and muscular endurance levels of fire fighters compared to the average Canadian of similar age. Fire fighters had significantly lower VO$ sb2$max values and significantly greater scores for sit-ups, push-ups and flexibility for all age categories, compared to their counterparts. The fire fighters' lower aerobic capacity was attributed to elevated body mass and possible long-term effects of exposure to carbon monoxide and vapours from combustible chemicals.

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Doherty, Vincent J. "Metrics for success : using metrics in exercises to assess the preparedness of the fire service in Homeland Security." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA424982.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2004.
Title from title page of source document (viewed on April 23, 2008). "Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74).

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Luedtke, Brad. "Identification of the best methods of firefighter training at the Menomonie Fire Department and Rice Lake Fire Departments." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009luedtkeb.pdf.

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Delaney, John. "Fire fighters' ability and willingness to participate in a pandemic." Thesis, Registration and login required, 2008. https://www.hsdl.org/homesec/docs/theses/08Mar_Delaney.pdf&code=0b11819a26de4946f5547907991d6aad.

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Olinger, Michael J. "Evaluation of instruction for the graduating class enrolled in the Milwaukee Area Technical College Associate Degree Program Fire Science." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007olingerm.pdf.

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Skibba, Jennifer S. "Personality and job satisfaction an investigation of central Wisconsin firefighters: interactions between personaliity and various factors at a local fire department /." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002skibbaj.pdf.

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12

Matheson, Kate. "Fire fighters, neighbourhoods and social identity : the relationship between the fire service and residents in Bristol." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2012. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/16692/.

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Although sporadic attacks on fire crews have long been acknowledged as an occupational hazard facing the fire service, in the mid 2000s, attacks seemed to be increasing in both prevalence and severity, accompanied by a feeling that fire safety messages were being resisted in certain communities. However, those communities were also those typified by numerous fire risk factors, potentially endangering people and property. In recognition of this growing problem, Avon Fire and Rescue Service (AFRS) and Great Western Research (GWR) established this research project at UWE to explore issues of hostility and resistance to fire safety messages, particularly in certain communities. The research is underpinned by social identity approaches, which look at the nature of the group dynamic and interaction between residents and fire fighters, positing that group membership has the potential to lead to conflict in and of itself, but especially where those groups are in proximate and appropriate contexts, such as those found in hard pressed neighbourhoods. This research project utilised qualitative methods to examine this relationship, starting with an ethnographic enquiry alongside operational fire fighters. A second study used focus groups in three neighbourhoods to examine residents’ perspectives, and a third looked at a series of interactions in community settings. Findings suggest a mutual distrust of non-group members, whereby residents resent fire fighters for their intrusion into neighbourhoods and fire fighters resent residents for requiring interventions into their community. Both parties had strong feelings about what fire fighters ought to be doing, and this fitted in with ideas of traditional roles of fire fighting and gender distinctions within communities. There are a number of implications for the FRS in this research project, including an ongoing need to address expectations both of operational fire fighters, for example through recruitment, and residents themselves who engage with fire fighters as one of a panoply of public services, rather than as the unique service provider that fire fighters consider themselves.

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Lin, Han. "Computational study of smoke suppression by using water mist and sprinkler fire protection system in high rise building fire." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691674.

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Mirra, Nicholas. "Outgrowing our citizens the demise of Philadelphia's volunteer firefighting system /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/660.

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Lee, Yiu-fat. "An evaluation of the policy of annual physical fitness assessments in the Hong Kong Fire Services Department." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19710380.

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Heirston, Bryan. "Terrorism prevention and firefighters where are the information-sharing boundaries? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Mar/09Mar%5FHeirston.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Rollins, John. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Firefighters, Terrorism, Prevention, Response, Information Sharing, U.S. Fire Service, Homeland Security, New York City Fire Department Terrorism and Disaster Preparedness Strategy, U.S. Fire Service Intelligence Enterprise, Civil Contingencies Act, Legal, Operations, Cost, Political. Includes bibliographical references (p.109-115). Also available in print.

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Ko, Yu-chun, and 柯愈群. "An investigation on the psychological consequences of being a firefighter with measurement on personality, performance and jobsatisfaction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30426248.

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Brown, Cameron L. "Fire chaplaincy : the promotion of resilience-based pastoral care /." Fort Worth, Tex. : [Texas Christian University], 2009. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-10132009-095216/unrestricted/Brown.pdf.

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Thesis (D.Min.)--Brite Divinity School, Texas Christian University, 2009.
Title from dissertation title page (viewed Nov. 3, 2009). Includes abstract. "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Brite Divinity School in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Ministry, Pastoral Theology and Pastoral Counseling." Includes bibliographical references.

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Bartlett, Alastair Ian. "Auto-extinction of engineered timber." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31052.

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Engineered timber products are becoming increasingly popular in the construction industry due to their attractive aesthetic and sustainability credentials. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is one such engineered timber product, formed of multiple layers of timber planks glued together with adjacent layers perpendicular to each other. Unlike traditional building materials such as steel and concrete, the timber structural elements can ignite and burn when exposed to fire, and thus this risk must be explicitly addressed during design. Current design guidance focusses on the structural response of engineered timber, with the flammability risk typically addressed by encapsulation of any structural timber elements with the intention of preventing their involvement in a fire. Exposed structural timber elements may act as an additional fuel load, and this risk must be adequately quantified to satisfy the intent of the building regulations in that the structure does not continue burning. This can be achieved through timber’s natural capacity to auto-extinguish when the external heat source is removed or sufficiently reduced. To address these issues, a fundamental understanding of auto-extinction and the conditions necessary to achieve it in real fire scenarios is needed. Bench-scale flammability studies were undertaken in the Fire Propagation Apparatus to explore the conditions under which auto-extinction will occur. Critical conditions were determined experimentally as a mass loss rate of 3.48 ± 0.31 g/m2s, or an incident heat flux of ~30 kW/m2. Mass loss rate was identified as the better criterion, as critical heat flux was shown by comparison with literature data to be heavily dependent on apparatus. Subsequently, full-scale compartment fire experiments with exposed timber surfaces were performed to determine if auto-extinction could be achieved in real fire scenarios. It was demonstrated that auto-extinction could be achieved in a compartment fire scenario, but only if significant delamination of the engineered timber product could be prevented. A full-scale compartment fire experiment with an exposed back wall and ceiling achieved auto-extinction after around 21 minutes, at which point no significant delamination of the first lamella had been observed. Experiments with an exposed back and side wall, and experiments with an exposed back wall, side wall, and ceiling underwent sustained burning due to repeated delamination, and an increased quantity of exposed timber respectively. Firepoint theory was used to predict the mass loss rate as a function of external heat flux and heat losses, and was successfully applied to the bench-scale experiments. This approach was then extended to the full-scale compartment fire experiment which achieved auto-extinction. A simplified approach based on experimentally obtained internal temperature fields was able to predict auto-extinction if delamination had not occurred – predicting an extinction time of 20-21 minutes. This demonstrates that the critical mass loss rate of 3.48 ± 0.31 g/m2s determined from bench-scale experiments was valid for application to full-scale compartment fire experiments. This was further explored through a series of reduced-scale compartment fire experiments, demonstrating that auto-extinction can only reliably be achieved if burnout of the compartment fuel load is achieved before significant delamination of the outer lamella takes place. The quantification of the auto-extinction phenomena and their applicability to full-scale compartment fires explored herein thus allows greater understanding of the effects of exposed timber surfaces on compartment fire dynamics.

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Ho, Chun-man David, and 何駿敏. "A comparative study of the internal and external labour market in the firefighting industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46756243.

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Achmat, Ghaleelullah. "Coronary artery disease risk factors among fire-fighters in the Western Cape Province." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6294.

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Magister Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science - MSRES
The work demands involved in fire-fighting place significant stress on the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of on-duty death among fire fighters and is a major cause of morbidity. This study investigated the prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among career fire fighters in the Western Cape.

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22

Mueller, Rick. "A study of personality type preferences of students enrolled in the Milwaukee Area Technical College Fire Science Associate Degree Program." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005muellerr.pdf.

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23

Docherty, Robert Walker. "Stress in firefighters : situations, reactions and interactions." Thesis, n.p, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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Callery, James Francis. "Building Evaluation for Manual Suppression." Digital WPI, 2005. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1156.

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Recent improvements in equipment used by firefighters has increased the value of manual suppression in buildings. However, because there is no evaluation method available, the effectiveness of manual suppression can not be incorporated into a fire safety analysis of a building. This thesis develops a method for evaluating manual suppression in buildings. he evaluation is done through an analysis of the paths through a building firefighters will use to attack a fire. The analysis considers the building, fire and fire department factors influencing progress towards teh fire. The fire attack path analysis yeilds a value relating the relative difficulty of a path.

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Holland, William Mark. "Fire/Emergency Medical Services and coping methods mitigating traumatic stress symptomatology /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2008. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Kaur, Mahinder. "Mortal heroes of the day a needs assessment in an urban fire department /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Ciret, Jérémy. "Investigation of intumescent coatings for fire protection : application to jet-fire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10187/document.

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Cette étude s’intéresse aux comportements de 4 peintures intumescentes développées pour protéger des plateformes offshores et susceptibles de résister aux « jet-fires ». Un jet-fire peut intervenir sur un site pétrochimique suite à une fuite d’hydrocarbures sous pression et causer de sérieux dommages de part la chaleur dégagées et surtout la quantité de mouvement générées. Les aspects physiques et chimiques de ces formulations ont été développés permettant de mettre en avant les effets du pentaérythritol sur le comportement viscoélastiques et le processus d’intumescence. Par diffraction des rayons X et par RMN à l’état solide, nous avons montré les interactions entre ammonium et polyphosphate et différentes sources de carbones (pentaérythritol, dipentaérythritol, réseau époxyde) permettant la formation d’un char. Les résidus phosphorés réagissent ensuite avec TiO2 pour former une structure cristalline TiP2O7 suspectées d’améliorer la résistance au feu et la résistance mécanique du char. Des tests feu ont confirmés ces améliorations. Dans un dernier chapitre nous avons développé un test permettant de reproduire à l’échelle laboratoire les phénomènes radiatifs et convectifs du jet-fire. Les premiers résultats ont montré de bonnes corrélations entre les observations faites à grande échelle et celles réalisées au laboratoire
The aim of this study is to understand and to explain behaviours exhibited by four epoxy based intumescent formulations used on offshore platforms facing to jet-fire. A jet-fire is a turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel continuously released with some significant momentum. It represents a significant element of the risk on offshore installations. Regarding the formulation studied, we have developed three approaches. Firstly, the visco-elastic behaviour and mechanical resistance of the formulations have been investigated. The results show that pentaerythritol causes a viscosity decrease at lower temperature that appears as prejudicial to maintain efficient char on steel substrate. In a second part, chemical evolutions of the intumescent formulation have been determined thanks to solid-state NMR and X-Ray diffraction. Interactions between ammonium polyphosphate and respective carbon sources present in formulations have been assumed, yielding to the formation of char and production of phosphorus residues. Then these phosphorus residues react at high temperature with TiO2 to form a crystalline structure TiP2O7 suspected to enhance mechanical properties and flame retardant performance. In a last part, furnace fire tests confirm this enhancement. Furthermore a new small-scale experimental setup is developed mimicking large scale jet-fire resistance test in order to obtain rapidly and at low cost reliable behaviours of a large number of formulations facing to high load mixing radiative heat and flame impact. First results have been correlated with the large-scale ones and different geometries have been considered

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Tam, Tai-keung. "A study of the recruitment and selection of female firefighters in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region a comparative perspective /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31967346.

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Lai, Kam-biu Billy. "Policy analysis and policy windows : fire fighting policy in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21037875.

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Snyder, Hal Steven 1959. "AN EVALUATION OF COUNSELING SERVICES FOR FIRE DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276426.

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Tang, Chung-po Oliver, and 鄧松波. "An analysis of the social psychology of firefighters in the Hong Kong Fire Services Department." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46777404.

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Barry, Allison Michelle. "An Investigation of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Career Firefighters." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29729.

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Firefighters are responsible for protecting citizens as well as the infrastructure of cities across the United States. In order to safely protect and perform on-duty tasks, firefighters must be capable of performing physiologically demanding skills. Emerging evidence has led to heightened concern for firefighters? increased obesity levels and decreased physical activity (PA). Formal exercise and PA research specific to firefighters is lacking. More specifically, there is a lack of literature using accelerometers to objectively measure PA. There is more evidence, however, to demonstrate firefighters have a high prevalence of obesity surpassing the general population. Not only are firefighters overweight and inactive, but also they are not aerobically fit to adequately perform their job-specific tasks. Purpose: To examine the relationship of PA and obesity to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: Firefighters (n=29) wore an accelerometer for eight consecutive on- and off-duty days. The accelerometer was worn on the right hip and tracked sedentary activity, light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MPVA). Additionally, each participant completed a stage-graded exercise test with submaximal square-wave verification bout to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). A stepwise linear regression model was conducted using physical activity intensity, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) as predictor variables for CRF. Results: According to the World Health Organization BMI categorization, none were normal weight, 20 were overweight, and 9 were obese. Firefighters spent roughly 61% of their waking hours in sedentary activity, 35.4% in LPA, and only 3.6% in MVPA. The two linear regression models were used to investigate whether PA intensity, step count, physical activity rating scale, BMI, or WC were more predictive of VO2max. VPA was predictive of VO2max (F(1,27) = 7.89, R2 = 0.23, p <0.01). Additionally, when BMI and WC were added, only WC was predictive of VO2max (F(1,27) = 11.76, R2 = 0.30, p<0.01). Conclusion: It is imperative fire departments emphasize the importance of cultivating an environment where improved health and wellness is essential for firefighters to adequately perform their physiologically demanding tasks.

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Price, Edward Michael Francis. "On the mechanisms of extinction of fire by the application of water sprays." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419794.

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An investigation has been conducted into the mechanisms by which water sprays interact with solid fuels undergoing thermal decomposition. A cone heater was used to provide one-dimensional radiative heating to an oven-dried wood sample with an exposed face measuring 100 by 100mm. A continuous scanning gamma ray densitometer was designed and built to provide a density profile of the sample as it undergoes decomposition. This non-destructive analysis technique utilised 137Csto produce a narrow, collimated beam of gamma ray radiation which is passed through the sample. Analysis of the transmitted intensity of this beam is then related to the local density of the sample. Thermocouples, imbedded within the sample are used simultaneously, to provide a temperature profile of the sample and a load cell is used to provide thermogravimetric data as thermal decomposition proceeds. Together, these measurements serve to characterise the progress of the decomposition zone and the development of a char layer on the sample. A simple and easy to replicate, external-mix, air-assist water spray nozzle was developed to produce water sprays with a wide variety of characteristics. Laser diffraction particle sizing and laser Doppler velocimetry were used to characterise the water sprays produced. Droplet sizes from 8 μm up to 150 μm can be produced, with a wide variety of velocities and application rates. With spray applied to the decomposing solid, the instrumentation was employed to study the progress of water through the char layer. With experiments looking separately at pooled water, large droplets and fine droplets applied to the surface of the solid, the water could be directly measured as it is adsorbed into the sample surface. The temperature effects within the sample were also measured. It was found that with water pooled on the surface, there was penetration of this water to the upper levels of the decomposition zone. With large droplets, at higher application rates, water soaked deep into the char layer to the decomposition zone. Temperature profiles suggested that movement of water was probably through the cracks and fissures in the char layer rather than soaking through the char itself. At lower application rates, penetration was lower but water deep in the sample took some time to evaporate after the spray was switched off, providing a barrier to externally applied heat. Evaporation of water which has penetrated into the sample is seen to occur largely from the layers nearest the surface at first, but some water remains in these layers until considerable evaporation has occurred from lower layers. This suggests a cooling mechanism from the mass transfer of steam rising through the sample. A computational model has been developed, based on fundamental heat transfer mechanisms which predicts with reasonable accuracy the temperature, and density profiles found by experiment as well as the thermogravimetric results. The model has been extended to account for water which has penetrated into the char layer and approached the decomposition zone

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Atwater, Paul A. "Force Protection for Fire Fighters : Warm Zone Operations at Paramilitary Style Active Shooter Incidents in a Multi-Hazard Environment as a Fire Service Core Competency." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6764.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Paramilitary-style active shooter attacks in a multi-hazard environment are an emerging threat against the U.S. homeland. Lessons learned from previous paramilitary style attacks demonstrate the breaking points of the fire service policy of standing by until law enforcement declares that the scene is secure. When followed, the standby policy prevents fire fighters from taking calculated risks to accomplish the fire service mission of saving lives and protecting property. It is likely that the standby policy will be ignored when immediate action is required to save lives or mitigate hazards in areas of the incident in which the potential for violence, but no active threat exists. The optimal fire service response policy to save lives and mitigate hazards during paramilitary style attacks in a multi-hazard environment is a force protection model in which law enforcement officers accompany and protect fire fighters in the warm zone. This model is an adaptation of the successful escort model used by law enforcement and fire fighters during civil unrest incidents. As has occurred many times in the past, the fire service must incorporate a new core mission competencywarm zone operations at paramilitary style attacks.

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Nacewicz, Rebecca Marie. "Investigation of fire impact on structural steel through case studies." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050406-105306/.

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Matic, Tomislav Lazar. "Determining the need for an expanded fitness component in the Fire Science Program at Milwaukee Area Technical College." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007matict.pdf.

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Mau, Yu-keung. "A study on expectancy of other ranks members on in-service appointment in Fire Services Department." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-sa-b21433823a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.
"Dissertation submitted to the Department of Public and Social Administration of Hong Kong City University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Policy and Management." Title from title screen (viewed on Oct. 26, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.

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Lee, Yiu-fat, and 李耀發. "An evaluation of the policy of annual physical fitness assessments in the Hong Kong Fire Services Department." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965477.

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Shen, Chuen, and 沈川. "A survey analysis of working and shirking of the other rank members ofthe Hong Kong Fire Services Department." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46776217.

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Myburgh, Erena. "Evaluating methods for fire protection and related fire risk categories in rural towns of the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20066.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water flows required for fire protection (fire flows) from water distribution systems (WDS) in rural towns in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, were evaluated as part of this research project. The fire flow requirements specified in different South African guidelines, as well as a number of international standards, were compared. Various guidelines and codes used in South Africa, including the South African National Standards, specify fire flow requirements according to the risk category of the area concerned. Alternative methods of firefighting and new firefighting technologies that can reduce the reliance on potable water resources for firefighting were evaluated. The traditional method of designing a WDS to provide potable water for firefighting, commonly employed in South African municipal areas formed the focus of the study. The potential fire risk costs (potential costs of damages if a fire was to occur) should also be considered, in addition to the network construction costs, when designing a WDS, in order to determine the most economically feasible option. Data obtained from the fire departments of three municipalities in rural towns of the Western Cape, was analysed to determine the actual flow rates that were required to extinguish fires in these towns. The records considered covered approximately one year in each case and included a total of 564 fire incident reports suitable for this study. According to the data, a small fraction (11%) of the fires was extinguished using water from the WDS by connecting firefighting equipment directly to a fire hydrant. The majority of the fires were extinguished by means of water ejected from a firefighting vehicle. This method implies the use of water drawn from the potable network at a certain location; the water is shuttled by firefighting vehicles, from either the fire station or from a central abstraction point in the WDS. The location of the said abstraction point was found to have a notable impact on the WDS and this received attention in this study. The data showed that 99.8% of the flows required in rural towns were lower than the flows recommended for moderate risk areas in typical South African guidelines. Hydraulic modelling of a hypothetical WDS model was conducted to illustrate that the provision of fire flows according to commonly used South African fire flow standards leads to higher costs. The latter hypothetical case study illustrates that designing a network to provide fire flows according to the referred standards resulted in 15% higher costs, compared to designing a network that would have provided for the actual recorded fire flows according to the data set obtained from the selected rural towns compiled for this study. The hypothetical case study also showed that the cost for a WDS, where sufficient pressure is required at all hydrants during peak fire flows, is 2.4% higher than the cost for a distribution system where water is supplied via predetermined hydrants for refilling firefighting vehicles. A WDS with central, predetermined abstraction points for refilling firefighting vehicles offers a solution to providing fire flows in areas where the distribution systems may be inadequate. The revision of the current fire flow standards of South Africa would, therefore, be a logical next step along with the reassessment of methods used for supplying fire flows.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Water vloei vir brandbestryding (brandvloei) uit waterverspreidingstelsels (WVS) in plattelandse dorpe in die Wes-Kaap, Suid Afrika, is as deel van hierdie navorsingsprojek geëvalueer. Die brandvloei soos gespesifiseer in verskillende Suid-Afrikaanse riglyne, asook ŉ aantal internasionale standaarde is vergelyk. Verskeie riglyne en kodes wat in Suid-Afrika gebruik word, insluitende die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Standaarde, spesifiseer brandvloei-vereistes op grond van die risiko-kategorie van ŉ spesifieke gebied. ŉ Verskeidenheid alternatiewe metodes vir brandbestryding en nuwe brandbestrydings-tegnologieë is ondersoek, om sodoende die afhanklikheid van ons beperkte drinkbare waterbronne vir brandbestryding te verminder. Die tradisionele metode om water aan munisipale areas te voorsien, die gebruik van ŉ WVS, is ook geassesseer. Hierdie metodes dui daarop dat die potensiële brandgevaar-kostes (potensiële koste van skade indien ŉ brand sou plaas vind) ook in ag geneem moet word, tesame met die konstruksie kostes van ŉ WVS, om sodoende die mees ekonomies haalbare netwerk te bepaal. Data wat verkry is vanaf die brandweer departement van drie plattelandse munisipaliteite in die Wes-Kaap is ontleed om die werklike vloei-tempos vas te stel wat nodig was om brande te blus in hierdie dorpe. Die data is verkry vir ŉ tydperk van een jaar en 564 brandverslae was bruikbaar vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie. Volgens die data was ŉ lae aantal (11%) van die brande geblus vanuit die WVS deur die koppeling van brandbestrydingstoerusting direk aan ŉ brandkraan. Die meeste van die brande is geblus met behulp van water wat voorsien is deur ŉ brandbestrydingsvoertuig. Met hierdie metode word water deur die brandbestrydings-voertuie aangery vanaf die brandweerstasie of onttrek vanuit ŉ sentrale ontrekkingspunt in die WVS. Daar is gevind dat die ligging van laasgenoemde ontrekkingspunt ŉ beduidende impak op die WVS het – hierdie aspek is daarom verder ondersoek. Die data het getoon dat 99.8% van die vloei-tempo’s wat nodig is om brande te blus in plattelandse dorpe, laer is as die brandvloei riglyne vir matige risiko-areas volgens tipes Suid-Afrikaanse standaarde. Hidrouliese modellering van ŉ hipotetiese WVS is uitgevoer om te illustreer dat die verskaffing van brandvloei volgens die standaarde wat algemeen gebruik word, hoër kostes tot gevolg het. Die laasgenoemde hipotetiese gevallestudie illustreer dat ŉ netwerk ontwerp om brandvloei te verskaf volgens die huidige standaarde 15% duurder is as vir netwerke wat ontwerp is om die werklike aangetekende brandvloei te voorsien soos getoon deur die veld-data wat vir hierdie studie verkry is. Die hipotetiese gevallestudie het ook getoon dat die koste vir ŉ WVS, waar voldoende drukke gehandhaaf moet word by alle brandkrane terwyl piek brand vloeie voorsien word, 2.4% duurder is as vir ŉ WVS waar die brandvloei verskaf word by voorafbepaalde brandkrane vir die hervulling van brandbestrydingsvoertuie. ŉ WVS met sentrale onttrekkingspunte vir die hervulling van brandbestrydingsvoertuie, bied ŉ metode om brandvloei te voorsien in gebiede waar die WVS onvoldoende is, bv. informele nedersettings. Die hersiening van die huidige brandvloei standaarde van Suid Afrika sou dus ŉ logiese volgende stap wees, tesame met die herevaluering van die metodes wat gebruik word vir die verskaffing van brandvloei.

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41

Farnsworth, Jacob. "Benefits and Costs of Social Interactions Among Firefighters." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33149/.

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Despite high levels of exposure, firefighter posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates are unclear. Likewise, questions remain regarding how social interactions and beliefs about emotion might interact to influence PTSD in firefighters. In this study, U.S. urban firefighters (N = 225) completed measures of social support, negative social interactions, and fear of emotion which were then used via regression analyses to predict PTSD symptoms. Each independent variable predicted PTSD beyond variance accounted for by demographic variables. Additionally, fear of emotion emerged as the strongest individual predictor of PTSD and a moderator of the relation between social interactions and PTSD symptoms. These findings emphasize the importance of beliefs about emotion; both in how these beliefs might influence the expression of PTSD symptoms, and in how the social networks of trauma survivors might buffer distress.

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42

Lai, Kam-biu Billy, and 黎錦彪. "Policy analysis and policy windows: fire fighting policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196588X.

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43

Gagnon, Brian D. "Evaluation of New Test Methods for Fire Fighting Clothing." Digital WPI, 2000. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/218.

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Despite advancements in the development of synthetic fibers and materials that provide better insulation, fire ground burn injuries remain a significant issue. The current test methods for fire fighting clothing were investigated to determine their adequacy in evaluating the actual performance of clothing materials. This investigation uncovered several potential problems with the current test methods. A series of new, small scale, tests were used to evaluate the shortcomings of the current test methods and develop possible improvements. A small test apparatus, designed and donated by Ktech Corporation, was used to measure the thermal properties (thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity) of a series of fire fighting clothing materials. The thermal properties were estimated for single fabric layers, as well as ensembles, with various levels of moisture added to simulate actual end use conditions. In addition, a skin simulant sensor was used to assess the time to 2nd degree burn for exposures similar to those required in current standards for fire fighting clothing. A one dimensional heat conduction model was developed to predict the time to 2nd degree burn for the skin simulant sensor protected with outer shell materials that may be used as wildland fire fighting clothing, using the thermal property data obtained from earlier tests. An alternative method was developed to calculate the time to 2nd degree burn for ensembles evaluated with the new skin simulant sensor. The predictions for the time to 2nd degree burn obtained from the new skin simulant sensor were compared against results obtained using the sensor specified in the current test methods. The predictions for the skin simulant sensor were consistently shorter than those from the current test sensor. The current test sensor predictions for the time to 2nd degree burn were nominally 40% to 50% higher than the predictions from the skin simulant sensor during the evaluations of outer shell materials.

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44

Eber, Robert Mark. "Dry chemical fire suppression system discharge modeling and testing." Link to electronic thesis, 2001. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0104101-114046/.

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45

Kimmel, Ainslee. "Mental health perceptions of rural community members and firefighting personnel after a wildfire." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3285.

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Wildfires in Canada and around the world are increasing in frequency each year from factors such as accumulated fuel load, climate changes, and pine beetle infestation. Due to an increased proportion of individuals living in the wildland–urban interface areas within Canada and due to the increasing need for firefighters to fight the growing number of fires that burn each year, the potential threat for humans is also becoming greater. Conducted on the 2009 West Kelowna, British Columbia wildfires, this descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study incorporates quantitative validity measurements to investigate factors related to individual variations in psychological distress and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The findings revealed that perception of control, social support, compounding stressors (i.e., dual roles, ongoing responsibilities and personal issues), and coping methods (i.e., debriefing, humour, self-care behaviours, and reflection) were precursors to psychological health and resilience. Since wildfires are increasing in Canada as well as on a global scale, understanding how they affect residents and firefighting personnel from a mental health perspective is important to research, as it can lead to identifying more effective interventions, better provision of disaster relief services, and increase individual resilience.
xi, 193 leaves ; 29 cm

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46

Doyle, Gregory Vincent. "The development of a curriculum for a course in basic firefighting technology." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/45.

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The lack of a current fire technology training program limits the employment possibilities of Inland Empire Job Corps Center trainees. The fire technology curriculum will provide Job Corps trainees with one more valuable skill to aid to their goal to gain and maintain meaningful employment after graduating from the Job Corps training program.

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47

Caplen, Kim Christina. "Women firefighters comparing and contrasting recent employment experiences in the U.K. and the U.S.A. /." 2003. http://www.fitting-in.com/caplen.htm.

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48

LIN, DING-FONG, and 林定豐. "Study of Improving Fire Fighters on Tyrolean Traverse." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94192412415103459663.

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碩士
中華科技大學
土木防災與管理碩士班
105
The geography of Taiwan is unique as an island surrounded by sea with many high mountains and short rivers from the steep hills. While the mountain area is over developed nowadays, it is likely to cause various fatal disasters during heavy rains in the summer time. According to the annual weather report in 2014 from the Central Weather Bureau, in Tamsui District, New Taipei City, the accumulated rainfall was 1893.3 millimeters, and the rainfall intensity was 87%. If there is typhoon or pouring rain, it may occur more disasters. While encountering the steep terrain or in the place where it is not easy to access, how to best use the equipment and to ensure the safety of emergency relief workers/firefighters at the first scene, becomes a critical issue. Speaking of the current traversing training in Taiwan, even though it can be set up quickly, it is still difficult to exclude the factors of dangers by using current method in such dangerous environment. It is very risky for first-line relief workers or people who are in danger. Due to the traversing is practically used more often in flood, the research is focusing on the literature about rescue for flood and uses literature review and expert interviews to study the disaster rescue in New Taipei City, in order to contribute on the safety and practice of traversing in the mission.

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Lin, Mei-hsiu, and 林美秀. "Evaluation for Health Hazards of Environmental Microorganism Among Fire-Fighters." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73009572039036339051.

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碩士
大仁科技大學
環境管理研究所
94
Abstract The working environment is especially dangerous for fire fighters as they are constantly exposed to chemical and physical hazards. Chemical hazardous substances include PVC, polypropylene, polyurethane, ABS, SAN, etc, which are released into the air as things burn. The physical hazards include heat stress, noise damage, etc. According to our observation, bio-aerosol is the more damaging of the hazards and is often found on the firefighters’equipment such as jackets, hats, boots and gloves. Among all bio-aerosols of current research interest, endotoxin is present among many occupational environments. The bio-aerosols hazards that could be potentially harmful to health include bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite, allergen, etc. This study is to first determine what to measure by looking at their occupational diseases records. Then the study will take samples of bio-aerosols off their equipment and from the air of their resting area to perform the measurements. Finally, the study will evaluate the relationship between bio-aerosols and various diseases among fire fighters. This study was conducted in the fire department buildings in southern Taiwan. Two sampling equipments, Andersen N6 and Burkard, were used for air sampling of all stations. In addition, Swab sampling was used for collecting the bio-aerosols on the surfaces of personal protective equipments including both protective suits and masks. A questionnaire was used for collecting background information about the firefighters including their demographics (age, sex, ethnicity, occupation, smoking history, and pets), work characteristics (attendance records and job duration), medical history, and their self-conscious symptoms among fire-fighters. The results of this study indicate that the geometric mean (GM) concentration of fungi in their resting area was 1648 ± 2.34 CFU/m3 , and the geometric mean concentration of bacteria was 981 ± 2.48 CFU/m3. The higher concentration of fungal species were Fusarium(59.95％) 、Penicillium(18.34％ ) 、Aspergillus(5.12 ％ ) and Yeast(8.15 ％ ). The geometric mean concentrations of fungi and bacteria were 5.03 ± 2.95 CFU/cm2 and 4.86 ± 2.50 CFU/cm2 on protective suits. The higher concentration of fungal species were Cladosporium(30.16％)、Penicillium(11.68％)、Fusarium (9.78％) and Yeast(24.18％). In addition, the geometric mean concentration of fungi and bacteria were 3.46 ± 3.45 CFU/cm2 and 4.66 ± 3.90 CFU/cm2 on masks. The higher concentration of fungal species were Cladosporium(33.75 ％ ) 、 Aspergillus(20.75％) 、Fusarium(4.75％) and Yeast(22.75％). Comparing the group exposed to the bio-aerosols with the control group not exposed, the probabilities of chronic expectoration (P<0.01) and bronchitis (P<0.05) were visibly different among the two groups. It is noticeable that the shoulder ache was the highest self-consymptom felt at 45.7%, followed by sneezing at the rate of 34.3%. And after studying the job characteristics and symptoms of the exposed group, we found that the stomach disease is related to the years of service (OR =6.13; 95% C.I =1.93-280.73). Finally, it is found that the self-conscious symptoms are related with the job duration and the concentration of fungi (OR=2.02; 95% C.I =0.61-21.78), (OR =4.27; 95% C.I =1.07-11.67).

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YEH, SHIH-HSIUNG, and 葉世雄. "Correlations between Fire-fighters Physical Fitness Performance and Air Consumption." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/syg3t7.

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碩士
國立體育大學
運動與健康科學學院
107
The purpose of this study is to explore correlations between fire-fighters physical fitness performance and air consumption, and a total of 22 research personnel from Keelung City Fire Department's firefighters. All Subjects were tested for physical fitness: body fat , running,pull ups, weightlifting, push ups, plank exercise, weight training, and shuttle run. After 5 days of rest, the air consumption test is carried out: including weight climbing stairs, room rescue, vertical extension of water belt, handling damage equipment, hauling water belt, tow dummy, fire hook removal debris and double ladder erection. The collected data were correlated with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple stepwise regression analysis, and predicted physical fitness for air breathing apparatus. Then, the independent sample t was used to analyze the difference in air consumption performance of fire-fighters with different physical fitness levels. The statistically significant level was set at p<.05. The results showed that there was no correlation between body fat to air consumption; there was no correlation between plank exercise to air consumption. Running and weight training to air consumption were positively correlated performances; weightlifting, pull ups, push ups, shuttle run to air consumption were significant negative correlations. The multivariate stepwise regression analysis of the air consumption by the seven physical fitness tests showed that the weight training as the predictive variable had a predictive power of 43% to air consumption. Finally, the physical fitness test scores the subject's physical energy into excellent and poor 2 groups for independent sample t test, the results showed that the physical strength of the group was lower than the poor performance of the group.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fire fighters Fire extinction'

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