Academic literature on the topic 'Fire fighting units'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fire fighting units"
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Stepanov, O. I., and S. A. Khudyakova. "APPLICATION OF MODELS OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS FIRE FIGHTING RESCUE UNITS." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-2-108-117.
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Objectives It was proposed to review the structure of the fire and rescue divisions management system, based on the decomposition of the forces and means of the subdivisions into fire extinguishing positions and ensuring fire extinguishing actions.Method The structural and functional model of the development of the fire and rescue divisions management system has been clarified, which allows to present the stages of the development of the system as components of a single fire extinguishing process. The reasons for the lack of information about the situation at the site of a fire in a person who makes management decisions regarding the forces and means of fire and rescue units are given.Result The analysis of information about the situation at the place of fire consumed by the person making management decisions. The structure of the database of the object of possible fire as a source of design parameters for the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units is given. The structure of the settlement module of the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units in the organization of extinguishing fires in buildings is proposed. The conditions for the interaction of the person making management decisions in relation to the forces and means of fire and rescue divisions with the software of management support systems and documents of preliminary planning of actions of the divisions for fighting fires and conducting rescue operations are given.Conclusion The software implementation of the models of information and analytical support systems for the management of fire and rescue units makes it possible to formalize the process of researching the fires that have occurred. The direction of perspective integration of models of information and analytical systems support systems for fire and rescue units in their activities is given.
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Pei, Qiu Hong. "Design of the Key Units Fire Electronic Plans System Based on Virtual Reality Technology." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.232.
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At present, fire electronic plans of the key units are not intuitive. Reading the fire plans of key units, fire commanders and soldiers still need to focus on the units to the field which is familiar with the building structure to drill for the strategic plans. That increases an additional workload. Using virtual reality technology firefighters will be able to intuitively grasp the key units of the actual fire. Such as it can provide strong support for fire fighting, assist firefighters to arrive the proper disposal of fire. Thus it will reduce the blindness of the rescue operation, protect the safety of firefighters and increase the fire fighting effectiveness.
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Valiev, R. R., I. F. Khafizov, F. Sh Khafizov, and A. A. Sharafutdinov. "Methodology for Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Efficiency of Decision-Making when Extinguishing Fires at the Objects of Oil and Gas Industry." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 4 (April 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-4-63-69.
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For successful fighting large fires, it is required to develop new and improve existing decision-making mechanisms with the objective to increase the efficiency of actions of the involved fire-fighting units. When making decisions, the fire extinguishing manager must consider the efficiency of possible solutions. Assessment of the efficiency of each possible option is predictive and depends on the system of criteria used. The decision-making process in such conditions is associated with the use of formalized multi-criteria selection procedures, which, in fact, implement multi-criteria optimization. When choosing a multi-criteria solution, the fire extinguishing manager proceeds from his subjective ideas about the importance of the tasks to be solved at each site. Therefore, it is advisable for each fire protection object to develop its own management decision support system that allows to implement multi-criteria optimization based on the preferences of the fire extinguishing manager. The chosen solution option should ensure that several goals of the fire control system are achieved at once. Methodology is considered related to multi-criteria assessment, which can be used for an objective study of the actions of personnel to extinguish a fire for using them rationally in future. The proposed multi-criteria model for making managerial decisions makes it possible to study a wide class of problems of supporting the control of the fire extinguishing process based on the results of monitoring the actions of fire-fighting units. Practical application of the theoretical results in the form of a management information support system allows reducing the subjectivity and improving the efficiency of the management decision-making process when extinguishing fires.
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Binio, Joanna, and Sylwester Kieliszek. "Analysis of the use for Fire Protection Water Supply Systems in public utility buildings and residential buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 247 (2018): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824700010.
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Regulation of the Minister of Interior and Administration of 7 June 2010 on the fire protection of buildings, other construction objects and areas, presents a number of requirements that must be met by public buildings and residential buildings requirements, among others, for fire-fighting water supply installations. The article presents an analysis of current requirements for water supply installations in public buildings and residential buildings included in Polish legal acts. In addition, statistical data on the size of the fire are presented and real water consumption in the activities of fire protection units during events. These data were obtained from the SWD PSP program, which is the basic tool for supporting the actions of rescue and fire-fighting units. It turns out that for the objects in question statistically the largest amount of fires are small fires, where relatively little water is used. On the basis of the comparison of the actual water consumption needed to extinguish the fire by the fire department with the requirements in force in relation to the analyzed buildings, too restrictive requirements for these facilities were noticed. Appropriate efficiency of the external hydrant network ensures the possibility of carrying out extinguishing activities. In connection with the above, one should consider the legitimacy of applying high requirements for the efficiency of fire protection installations in facilities.
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Totsky, D. V., A. S. Davidenko, V. A. Borisova, and K. A. Novozhilova. "Introduction of new professional standards in the education system of fire and rescue units of the ministry of emergency situations of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 12112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312112.
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An analysis was made of the current requirements for the training of fire and technical experts and external pilots of the emergency and disaster response system. By the example of training forensic experts of forensic institutions and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service (fire extinguisher expert) the introduction of new professional standards into the educational system of this specialty was examined, on the basis of which the recommendations for modifying the educational program, in order to increase the quality of fire place examination were proposed. When extending the training program of the firefighting expert in the field of external piloting training, the trainee will additionally master professional competences in control and maintenance of unmanned aerial systems. Supplementing the training program for specialists of judicial-expert and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service with labor functions in flight operation of unmanned aircraft systems, including one or more unmanned aircrafts, will allow the graduate of the educational organization to be awarded the qualification “External pilot”, which, in turn, will also improve the quality of the above-mentioned subdivisions.
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Da Silva, Elaine Cristina Gomes, Nilton Cesar Fiedler, Fabio Silva Ferreira, Lucas José Teodoro Lobato, Gabriel Mancini Antunes da Silva, and Felipe Patrício Das neves. "MEASURING PUBLIC EXPENSES WITH WORKFORCE IN FIGHTING FOREST FIRE." FLORESTA 50, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i4.67022.
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Measuring public expenses with workforce in fighting forest fire. The frequency of forest fires and the lack of investment in public institutions arising from the current Brazilian economic crisis, emerges the difficulty of competent institutions in managing resources due to the increasing number of fires, mainly the labor. The objective of this work was to measure the expenses with labor in the combats against forest fires in Public Conservation Units by comparing it with the labor with prevention. This exploratory, documentary and ex post facto study was prepared based on documents and reports from public institutions involved in fighting a major fire in a Biological Reserve in the State of Espírito Santo. The data were analyzed according to the participating institutions, number of participants, positions, value of remunerations and days worked. To measure the average daily expenditure on different remunerations, an accounting model was developed, using the values of the remunerations for the year in which the fire occurred. In the end, it could be concluded that, for every 124.3 hectares burned, 110 individuals worked per day, the majority were military personnel at the beginning of their careers and that the expenditure on public labor employed in combat, both in quantity and remuneration, was much higher than the labor with the temporary hiring of firefighters.
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Mahroni, Ali. "RELIABILITY OF EC 155 B1 AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS USING UPPER CONTROL LIMIT (ALERT LEVEL) FORMULATION." Vortex 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/vortex.v1i2.902.
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Airport Rescue & Fire Fighting equipment at Adi Soemarmo International Airport, Operational Vehicle PKP-PK, the number of main vehicles is 3 units, and 6 supporting units meet the standard requirements that have been determined according to the PKP-PK category at Adi Soemarmo Airport, namely category 8. it has a Daily Checklist of operational equipment in each main vehicle and support vehicle. Supporting Facilities for Airport Rescue & Fire Fighting totaled 194 where required for category 8 was 167 but there were still some shortcomings of the equipment needed. This can be shown in the table, namely the types of hydraulic / electrical (or combination) portable rescue equipment, oxygen resuscitation, and thermal imaging cameras. There are 380 Supporting Reserve Facilities for Rescue & Fire Fighting where the minimum equipment required is 355 but there is a lack of equipment, namely Proximity suit, Resuscitator, Helmet, and Binocular equipment.
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Huang, Chi-Jan, Yu-Shiang Wu, Kuan-Yung Chang, and Che-Hao Chang. "Reliability Analysis of Rescue Capabilities of Fire-Fighting Units After Earthquake." Journal of Applied Fire Science 18, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/af.18.2.c.
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Semychayevsky, S., V. Prisyajnyuk, M. Yakimenko, and M. Osadchuk. "ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN APPROACHES TO TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND TESTING METHODS OF FIRE-FIGHTING LAYFLAT DELIVERY HOSES FOR FIRE AND RESCUE VEHICLES." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2020.1.76-83.
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Among the technical means intended for transportation of fire extinguishing substances to the fire center, the main role is definitely played by delivery fire hoses. At present, the Civil Protection Rescue Service units use mainly pressure fire hoses type "T" (for fire-rescue vehicles) with a diameter of 51 mm and 77 mm, the technical condition of which often does not meet the established requirements, which may not withstand the pressure developing pumps, even traditionally used fire-rescue vehicles during firefighting. The use of such hoses in extinguishing real fires can lead to limited opportunities, reduce the effectiveness of operational and tactical actions of the Civil Protection Rescue Service units, as well as expose personnel to danger. The requirements of the State Standard of Ukraine 2273:2006 in Ukraine are outdated and do not meet the practical needs of today. Given the fact that in the leading countries of the world there are new types of fire hoses and technologies for their creation, as well as due to the fact that adopted in Ukraine State Standard of Ukraine EN 15889: 2017 does not apply to fire-fighting layflat delivery hoses for fire-rescue vehicles, the issue of developing a national standard for this type of fire hoses is relevant. In addition, the European normative document CEN / TR 16099 states that there is no single standard in the European Union that would establish technical requirements for "fire-fighting layflat delivery attack", ie those used with fire and rescue vehicle pumps. In EU countries, this issue is regulated by separate national standards of member states. Confirmation of this approach is the German national standard DIN 14811-2008 / A1-2012, A2-2014. The urgency of developing a national standard regulating the general technical requirements and test methods for fire-fighting layflat delivery hoses for fire-rescue vehicles is given. The modern approaches of the European Union to the establishment of technical requirements and methods for assessing the quality of such hoses are analyzed. The possibility of applying these approaches at the national level has been identified.
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Cathomas, Norbert, Benno Bühlmann, Anton Mulle, Hermann Christen, and August Husner. "Fire-Fighting and Hazardous-Materials Response Units in the Gotthard Road-Tunnel." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/000942904777678316.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Fire fighting units"
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Svoboda, Petr. "Vyhodnocení zásahů jednotek Hasičského záchranného sboru ČR k dopravním nehodám v regionu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232799.
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The dissertation deals with the road accident interventions carried out by Fire fighting units and emphasizes average adjustments as well as the problems of forensic engineering. Within the Southern Moravia region, it analyses the statistical data of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Czech Republic with relation to the road accident interventions, and it analyses the position of the individual units of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Southern Moravia in the above system. The dissertation discusses relation between the forensic engineering and the Fire Rescue Brigade of Czech Republic and stresses the possibilities of cooperation.
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Chen, Wei-Chun, and 陳瑋鈞. "Analysis of Rescue Capabilities of Fire-Fighting Units after Earthquake." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4k57u5.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
98
Taiwan is located in the joint between the Eurasia plate and the Philippine Sea plate, which contains 42 active faults that cause frequent seismic activities. For example, the Chichi earthquake in 1999 caused severe losses in Taiwan. Once a major earthquake occurred in urban areas and post-earthquake fire, it will be possible beyond the ability of the rescue capabilities of fire-fighting units, and cause even greater losses. This study simulated an earthquake caused by the Shanjiao fault in northwestern Taipei, Taiwan, and applied the Monte Carlo simulation as an analytic method for reliability analysis. Using the simple earthquake seismic system (SESS), this study deduced the number of fire incidents after that earthquake, and analyzed the post-earthquake fire risk tolerance probability levels of the different districts of Taipei City. The results showed that the 8 administrative districts of Taipei City have a risk tolerance probability level below 60%, accounting for 66.7% of all administrative districts (8/12). In the support mode of regional mutual aid, 3 administrative districts of Taipei City have a risk tolerance probability level below 60%, accounting for 25.0% of all administrative districts (3/12). Therefore, the districts with a risk tolerance probability level above 60% can be increased by 41.7%, as based on regional mutual aid.
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Chen, Ying-Wen, and 陳瑩雯. "Effect of Using POE Animation on The Learning Outcomes of Reviewing A Lesson for Elementary School Students- using The Teaching Unit "Combustion and Fire Fighting" as An Example." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07612137160557651803.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
自然科學教育學系碩士班
101
Effect of Using POE Animation on The Learning Outcomes of Reviewing A Lesson for Elementary School Students- using The Teaching Unit "Combustion and Fire Fighting" as An Example ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to study the effect of POE animation on the six-grade student learning outcomes after they reviewing the teaching unit " Combustion and Fire Fighting". The academic achievement as well as the cognitive dimensions are both considered in this research. All the students were in a single testing group. The pretest and posttest were processed by using a test which was named "Combustion and Fire Fighting Learning Effectiveness Test". 106 students were studying in the six-grade of T elementary school which was located in Taipei. After analyzing the academic achievement in school and the pretest. We found out 60 students which persisted their own achievement level in the two data to process this study. The tools of this research were "Combustion and Fire Fighting Learning Effectiveness Test", "Why-Why inquiry learning platform", and the records of the discussion between teacher and students after posttest. We used independent groups paired sample t test, analysis of variance, and Scheffe method to analyze our data. The result shows that the use of POE animation is helpful for the students to review the teaching unit "Combustion and Fire Fighting" in spite of their academic achievement. Besides, it is also helpful for the students to promote their learning outcomes in all cognitive dimensions in spite of their academic achievement. It takes only 8 to 10 minutes to review a lesson by POE animation. According to our research, the effect of POE animation on learning outcomes is pretty positive. This means that one can shorten his/her time in review a lesson. The result of this research offers teachers and students a non-traditional method to review a lesson. We suggest the following researchers to study this topic using different teaching unit and content of animation. Besides, one can further study the effect of POE animation on the affective domain. All the results will provide teachers a way to design their teaching materials. Keywords: POE animation, Combustion and Fire Fighting, learning outcomes
Books on the topic "Fire fighting units"
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Fall, Mitchell. Careers in the Fire Departments' Search and Rescue Units (Careers in Search and Rescue Operations). Rosen Publishing Group, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fire fighting units"
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Hess, Earl J. "Siege." In Fighting for Atlanta, 215–41. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643427.003.0012.
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By late July most Union and Confederate units settled into static, fortified positions just outside Atlanta and something like siege conditions became the norm. The lines were subject to almost constant artillery bombardment and skirmishing and sniping fire. The Federals especially were aggressive in their skirmishing, pushing Confederate skirmishers back to their main line in many places and dominating no-man’s land. Sherman organized a concentrated effort to bombard the city with heavy artillery, disrupting Confederate supply efforts, demoralizing soldiers and civilians alike, and destroying military and civilian structures in Atlanta. Living in trenches for weeks at a time, soldier life became more stressful, dirty, and wearisome. Lice became a problem along with the difficulty of finding adequate sources of water for cooking and cleanliness. .
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Hess, Earl J. "New Hope Church, Pickett’s Mill, and Dallas." In Fighting for Atlanta, 59–77. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643427.003.0004.
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When Sherman crossed the Etowah River on May 23 the character of the Atlanta campaign changed. He had used long and high ridges north of the river to conduct flanking movements. Now he entered a piedmont zone of generally level land choked by thick forests which offered many defensive advantages to Johnston. Union progress slowed as the Federals groped along ill-mapped roads while engaged in a wide flanking movement. Johnston effectively stymied their efforts by careful placement of his units to block Union advances. For the first time in the campaign, both sides dug deep and extensive fieldwork systems to hold their positions. One sees the onset of intense skirmishing, sniping, and close range artillery fire. Constant firing from static positions caused a great deal of damage to the environment. Soldier life in the trenches became more stressful and uncomfortable as the campaign bogged down in the wilds of Georgia. This two week phase of the campaign was punctuated by battles at New Hope Church on May 25, Pickett’s Mill on May 27, and Dallas on May 28, until Sherman moved to his left and regained contact with his railroad by the end of the first week in June.
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Norton, Bryan G. "Conservationists and Preservationists Today." In Toward Unity among Environmentalists. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195093971.003.0009.
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Aldo Leopold died in 1948, of a heart attack suffered while fighting a brushfire that threatened the pines he and his family had planted at the shack. By dint of his strong personality, scientific curiosity, and near-universal respect from professional colleagues and nonprofessional wilderness advocates alike, Leopold had personified the search for a unified vision to guide human use of the land and offered a unifying model for conservationists. His death, at the height of his intellectual and leadership powers, left the movement effectively rudderless. The country was at the time being swept away by the postwar economic boom and a new period of unrestrained economic growth pushed environmental concerns off the political agenda. Stephen Rauschenbush, writing in 1952, said, “Conservation is in danger of becoming a lost cause” and provided a list of five “forces and events that had battered away at the old ideal.” Grant McConnell similarly described the conservation movement in 1954 as “small, divided and frequently uncertain.” Wise-use conservationists and land preservationists appeared in the eyes of their opponents, McConnell lamented, as “but the representatives of particular interest groups and . . . hence no better than those whom they accuse.” But the same economic growth that placed conservationists on the defensive in the late 1940s and 1950s created a new demographic situation, including a baby boom that resulted eventually in a large surge in the youthful segment of the population. Increasing incomes allowed discretionary spending on amenities. Outdoor recreation became more popular and vacation homes near the shore or in the mountains proliferated as more families chose to spend time in areas with natural amenities. Environmental historian Samuel Hays explains the resulting shift as focusing interest and concern increasingly on the quality of life. New social, economic, and demographic factors created a context in which the older conservationist concerns about efficient development and use of material resources—concerns with production—were replaced, in the postwar era, with increasing concern with the consumption side of the picture. These changes created a new constituency for environmental groups.
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Emsley, Clive. "Patrolmen, Detectives, and Policing by the Community." In A Short History of Police and Policing, 103–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844600.003.0006.
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This chapter assesses the different kinds of police trades that emerged during the nineteenth century, looking at patrolmen and detectives. The new police institutions were permanent, disciplined bodies, but they continued to do the kind of things that had been done by various others, such as watches and constables, or their equivalents. They maintained order on the streets and the highways and byways; and order meant relative tidiness and no obstructions as well as breaking up fights. They arrested offenders, and, in some places, they were responsible for fighting fires. Specialist units began to take on specialist tasks. The detection of offenders, for example, had long been a role for those engaged in the wider role of policing, but detective bureaux became significant, if relatively small, branches of many police institutions, especially in the big cities. The new police, however, could not be everywhere and cover every policing problem. In some instances, the local population continued to act on its own, sometimes with the knowledge and agreement, even the participation, of the police, and sometimes without. The chapter then examines popular policing, as well as representations of the police in fiction.
Conference papers on the topic "Fire fighting units"
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Chan, Hau, Long Tran-Thanh, and Vignesh Viswanathan. "Fighting Wildfires under Uncertainty - A Sequential Resource Allocation Approach." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/596.
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Standard disaster response involves using drones (or helicopters) for reconnaissance and using people on the ground to mitigate the damage. In this paper, we look at the problem of wildfires and propose an efficient resource allocation strategy to cope with both dynamically changing environment and uncertainty. In particular, we propose Firefly, a new resource allocation algorithm, that can provably achieve optimal or near optimal solutions with high probability by first efficiently allocating observation drones to collect information to reduce uncertainty, and then allocate the firefighting units to extinguish fire. For the former, Firefly uses a combination of maximum set coverage formulation and a novel utility estimation technique, and it uses a knapsack formulation to calculate the allocation for the latter. We also demonstrate empirically by using a real-world dataset that Firefly achieves up to 80-90% performance of the offline optimal solution, even with a small amount of drones, in most of the cases.
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Jaupaj, Orjeta Elbasani, and Klodian Zaimi. "WILDFIRES FORECAST PERFORMANCE IN ALBANIA DURING SUMMER 2020." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/31.
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"The Wildfire Risk Forecast (WRF) remains a daily procedure conducted by the National Centre for Forecast and Monitoring of Natural Hazards (NCFMNH), which is part of the Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water and Environment (IGEWE) of Albania. WRF is generated on daily basis, by the country’s administrative unit (prefecture) and disseminated to the General Directorate of Civil Emergencies (GDCE) in order to help better coordinate fire-fighting activities. This study investigates the accuracy of the Wildfire Risk Forecasts during the 2020 summer season by analysing fire occurrences over each prefecture of Albania for two components of wildfire forecast Performance, i.e., The Prefecture Hit Probability (PHP) and the Average Fires per Hit (AFH). The study has revealed a “VERY GOOD” Performance for the “High Risk Level” forecast alerts, “GOOD” Performance for the “Moderate Risk Level” and “Low Risk Level” forecast alerts, and VERY GOOD” Performance for the “No Risk Level”"
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Lahr, Derek, Viktor Orekhov, Bryce Lee, and Dennis Hong. "Early Developments of a Parallelly Actuated Humanoid, SAFFiR." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12590.
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This paper presents the design of our new 33 degree of freedom full size humanoid robot, SAFFiR (Shipboard Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot). The goal of this research project is to realize a high performance mixed force and position controlled robot with parallel actuation. The robot has two 6 DOF legs and arms, a waist, neck, and 3 DOF hands/fingers. The design is characterized by a central lightweight skeleton actuated with modular ballscrew driven force controllable linear actuators arranged in a parallel fashion around the joints. Sensory feedback on board the robot includes an inertial measurement unit, force and position output of each actuator, as well as 6 axis force/torque measurements from the feet. The lower body of the robot has been fabricated and a rudimentary walking algorithm implemented while the upper body fabrication is completed. Preliminary walking experiments show that parallel actuation successfully minimizes the loads through individual actuators.
Reports on the topic "Fire fighting units"
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Kudo, Rance T. Universal Stationary/Mobile NoFoam Unit (USNOFU) for Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) Vehicles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607051.
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