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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire fighting units'
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1
Stepanov, O. I., and S. A. Khudyakova. "APPLICATION OF MODELS OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS FIRE FIGHTING RESCUE UNITS." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-2-108-117.
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Objectives It was proposed to review the structure of the fire and rescue divisions management system, based on the decomposition of the forces and means of the subdivisions into fire extinguishing positions and ensuring fire extinguishing actions.Method The structural and functional model of the development of the fire and rescue divisions management system has been clarified, which allows to present the stages of the development of the system as components of a single fire extinguishing process. The reasons for the lack of information about the situation at the site of a fire in a person who makes management decisions regarding the forces and means of fire and rescue units are given.Result The analysis of information about the situation at the place of fire consumed by the person making management decisions. The structure of the database of the object of possible fire as a source of design parameters for the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units is given. The structure of the settlement module of the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units in the organization of extinguishing fires in buildings is proposed. The conditions for the interaction of the person making management decisions in relation to the forces and means of fire and rescue divisions with the software of management support systems and documents of preliminary planning of actions of the divisions for fighting fires and conducting rescue operations are given.Conclusion The software implementation of the models of information and analytical support systems for the management of fire and rescue units makes it possible to formalize the process of researching the fires that have occurred. The direction of perspective integration of models of information and analytical systems support systems for fire and rescue units in their activities is given.
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Pei, Qiu Hong. "Design of the Key Units Fire Electronic Plans System Based on Virtual Reality Technology." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.232.
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At present, fire electronic plans of the key units are not intuitive. Reading the fire plans of key units, fire commanders and soldiers still need to focus on the units to the field which is familiar with the building structure to drill for the strategic plans. That increases an additional workload. Using virtual reality technology firefighters will be able to intuitively grasp the key units of the actual fire. Such as it can provide strong support for fire fighting, assist firefighters to arrive the proper disposal of fire. Thus it will reduce the blindness of the rescue operation, protect the safety of firefighters and increase the fire fighting effectiveness.
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Valiev, R. R., I. F. Khafizov, F. Sh Khafizov, and A. A. Sharafutdinov. "Methodology for Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Efficiency of Decision-Making when Extinguishing Fires at the Objects of Oil and Gas Industry." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 4 (April 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-4-63-69.
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For successful fighting large fires, it is required to develop new and improve existing decision-making mechanisms with the objective to increase the efficiency of actions of the involved fire-fighting units. When making decisions, the fire extinguishing manager must consider the efficiency of possible solutions. Assessment of the efficiency of each possible option is predictive and depends on the system of criteria used. The decision-making process in such conditions is associated with the use of formalized multi-criteria selection procedures, which, in fact, implement multi-criteria optimization. When choosing a multi-criteria solution, the fire extinguishing manager proceeds from his subjective ideas about the importance of the tasks to be solved at each site. Therefore, it is advisable for each fire protection object to develop its own management decision support system that allows to implement multi-criteria optimization based on the preferences of the fire extinguishing manager. The chosen solution option should ensure that several goals of the fire control system are achieved at once. Methodology is considered related to multi-criteria assessment, which can be used for an objective study of the actions of personnel to extinguish a fire for using them rationally in future. The proposed multi-criteria model for making managerial decisions makes it possible to study a wide class of problems of supporting the control of the fire extinguishing process based on the results of monitoring the actions of fire-fighting units. Practical application of the theoretical results in the form of a management information support system allows reducing the subjectivity and improving the efficiency of the management decision-making process when extinguishing fires.
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Binio, Joanna, and Sylwester Kieliszek. "Analysis of the use for Fire Protection Water Supply Systems in public utility buildings and residential buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 247 (2018): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824700010.
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Regulation of the Minister of Interior and Administration of 7 June 2010 on the fire protection of buildings, other construction objects and areas, presents a number of requirements that must be met by public buildings and residential buildings requirements, among others, for fire-fighting water supply installations. The article presents an analysis of current requirements for water supply installations in public buildings and residential buildings included in Polish legal acts. In addition, statistical data on the size of the fire are presented and real water consumption in the activities of fire protection units during events. These data were obtained from the SWD PSP program, which is the basic tool for supporting the actions of rescue and fire-fighting units. It turns out that for the objects in question statistically the largest amount of fires are small fires, where relatively little water is used. On the basis of the comparison of the actual water consumption needed to extinguish the fire by the fire department with the requirements in force in relation to the analyzed buildings, too restrictive requirements for these facilities were noticed. Appropriate efficiency of the external hydrant network ensures the possibility of carrying out extinguishing activities. In connection with the above, one should consider the legitimacy of applying high requirements for the efficiency of fire protection installations in facilities.
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Totsky, D. V., A. S. Davidenko, V. A. Borisova, and K. A. Novozhilova. "Introduction of new professional standards in the education system of fire and rescue units of the ministry of emergency situations of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 12112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312112.
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An analysis was made of the current requirements for the training of fire and technical experts and external pilots of the emergency and disaster response system. By the example of training forensic experts of forensic institutions and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service (fire extinguisher expert) the introduction of new professional standards into the educational system of this specialty was examined, on the basis of which the recommendations for modifying the educational program, in order to increase the quality of fire place examination were proposed. When extending the training program of the firefighting expert in the field of external piloting training, the trainee will additionally master professional competences in control and maintenance of unmanned aerial systems. Supplementing the training program for specialists of judicial-expert and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service with labor functions in flight operation of unmanned aircraft systems, including one or more unmanned aircrafts, will allow the graduate of the educational organization to be awarded the qualification “External pilot”, which, in turn, will also improve the quality of the above-mentioned subdivisions.
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Da Silva, Elaine Cristina Gomes, Nilton Cesar Fiedler, Fabio Silva Ferreira, Lucas José Teodoro Lobato, Gabriel Mancini Antunes da Silva, and Felipe Patrício Das neves. "MEASURING PUBLIC EXPENSES WITH WORKFORCE IN FIGHTING FOREST FIRE." FLORESTA 50, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i4.67022.
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Measuring public expenses with workforce in fighting forest fire. The frequency of forest fires and the lack of investment in public institutions arising from the current Brazilian economic crisis, emerges the difficulty of competent institutions in managing resources due to the increasing number of fires, mainly the labor. The objective of this work was to measure the expenses with labor in the combats against forest fires in Public Conservation Units by comparing it with the labor with prevention. This exploratory, documentary and ex post facto study was prepared based on documents and reports from public institutions involved in fighting a major fire in a Biological Reserve in the State of Espírito Santo. The data were analyzed according to the participating institutions, number of participants, positions, value of remunerations and days worked. To measure the average daily expenditure on different remunerations, an accounting model was developed, using the values of the remunerations for the year in which the fire occurred. In the end, it could be concluded that, for every 124.3 hectares burned, 110 individuals worked per day, the majority were military personnel at the beginning of their careers and that the expenditure on public labor employed in combat, both in quantity and remuneration, was much higher than the labor with the temporary hiring of firefighters.
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Mahroni, Ali. "RELIABILITY OF EC 155 B1 AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS USING UPPER CONTROL LIMIT (ALERT LEVEL) FORMULATION." Vortex 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/vortex.v1i2.902.
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Airport Rescue & Fire Fighting equipment at Adi Soemarmo International Airport, Operational Vehicle PKP-PK, the number of main vehicles is 3 units, and 6 supporting units meet the standard requirements that have been determined according to the PKP-PK category at Adi Soemarmo Airport, namely category 8. it has a Daily Checklist of operational equipment in each main vehicle and support vehicle. Supporting Facilities for Airport Rescue & Fire Fighting totaled 194 where required for category 8 was 167 but there were still some shortcomings of the equipment needed. This can be shown in the table, namely the types of hydraulic / electrical (or combination) portable rescue equipment, oxygen resuscitation, and thermal imaging cameras. There are 380 Supporting Reserve Facilities for Rescue & Fire Fighting where the minimum equipment required is 355 but there is a lack of equipment, namely Proximity suit, Resuscitator, Helmet, and Binocular equipment.
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Huang, Chi-Jan, Yu-Shiang Wu, Kuan-Yung Chang, and Che-Hao Chang. "Reliability Analysis of Rescue Capabilities of Fire-Fighting Units After Earthquake." Journal of Applied Fire Science 18, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/af.18.2.c.
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Semychayevsky, S., V. Prisyajnyuk, M. Yakimenko, and M. Osadchuk. "ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN APPROACHES TO TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND TESTING METHODS OF FIRE-FIGHTING LAYFLAT DELIVERY HOSES FOR FIRE AND RESCUE VEHICLES." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2020.1.76-83.
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Among the technical means intended for transportation of fire extinguishing substances to the fire center, the main role is definitely played by delivery fire hoses. At present, the Civil Protection Rescue Service units use mainly pressure fire hoses type "T" (for fire-rescue vehicles) with a diameter of 51 mm and 77 mm, the technical condition of which often does not meet the established requirements, which may not withstand the pressure developing pumps, even traditionally used fire-rescue vehicles during firefighting. The use of such hoses in extinguishing real fires can lead to limited opportunities, reduce the effectiveness of operational and tactical actions of the Civil Protection Rescue Service units, as well as expose personnel to danger. The requirements of the State Standard of Ukraine 2273:2006 in Ukraine are outdated and do not meet the practical needs of today. Given the fact that in the leading countries of the world there are new types of fire hoses and technologies for their creation, as well as due to the fact that adopted in Ukraine State Standard of Ukraine EN 15889: 2017 does not apply to fire-fighting layflat delivery hoses for fire-rescue vehicles, the issue of developing a national standard for this type of fire hoses is relevant. In addition, the European normative document CEN / TR 16099 states that there is no single standard in the European Union that would establish technical requirements for "fire-fighting layflat delivery attack", ie those used with fire and rescue vehicle pumps. In EU countries, this issue is regulated by separate national standards of member states. Confirmation of this approach is the German national standard DIN 14811-2008 / A1-2012, A2-2014. The urgency of developing a national standard regulating the general technical requirements and test methods for fire-fighting layflat delivery hoses for fire-rescue vehicles is given. The modern approaches of the European Union to the establishment of technical requirements and methods for assessing the quality of such hoses are analyzed. The possibility of applying these approaches at the national level has been identified.
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Cathomas, Norbert, Benno Bühlmann, Anton Mulle, Hermann Christen, and August Husner. "Fire-Fighting and Hazardous-Materials Response Units in the Gotthard Road-Tunnel." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/000942904777678316.
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Shebalkov, I., Yu Panchuk, R. Huseinov, and V. Suprun. "CURRENT PROBLEMS OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS WHILE DETERMINATION OF THE COURSE OF ACTION OF FIRE DEPARTMENTS OF THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 22, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2020.34.
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The research on the problem was carried out when solving the issues of multidisciplinary fire investigation and research on occupational and health safety, when establishing conformity of actions of authorities personnel and fire-fighting units during fire-rescue operations with the basic requirements of regulatory documents on labor protection and fire tactical methods of hostilities, use of special equipment, fire engines and fire extinguishing means.
The main areas and defining characteristics of a multidisciplinary forensic fire investigation and research on occupational and health safety were identified, which include: -investigation of circumstances of occurrence and dynamics of the development of fire (analysis of the cause of fire), the principles of organization and conduct of hostilities at specific sites in specific conditions, skillful and competent use of special equipment techniques and fire extinguishing agents (investigation of actions tactics of fire departments and the equipment used by them), compliance with the requirements of the Safety Rules when carrying out fire fighting, both by citizens and employees of fire-rescue units. The meaning of the concepts: “fire dynamics”, “fire extinguishing”, “prompt actions of the State Emergency Service Units”, is disclosed.
A sufficient and necessary minimum of input information was determined to solve an investigator’s tasks which in the future will contribute to improving the quality and comprehensiveness of forensic examination, regardless of the object under study.
The analysis of information provided by the investigator, including at the request of a forensic expert in this category of cases, which will further contribute to a full and high-quality forensic examination regardless of fire occurrence locations, has been carried out.
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Stepanov, O. I., and S. A. Khudyakova. "MODELLING OF EXTERNAL FIRE PROTECTION WATER SUPPLY SOURCES IN THE SUBSTANTIATION OF SPECIAL TECHNICAL CONDITIONS." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 3 (November 24, 2019): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-3-108-115.
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Objectives This paper sets out to provide a theoretical substantiation of the placement of external fire-prevention water supply sources when designing unique construction objects, for which standard requirements of fire safety cannot be applied. Problematic situations arising during the design of unique construction objects, which relate to the provision of the required level of fireextinguishing substances supply, are described.Method A model constructed on the basis of graph theory is presented for the preliminary calculation of the location of external fire-fighting water supply sources that takes the equipment of fire-rescue units into account. The utility of developing a universal mathematical model for the preliminary definition of arrangement parameters of sources of external fire-prevention water supply when designing construction objects is substantiated.Results Examples of preliminary calculation of the number of external fire-fighting water supply sources are given considering the shape of the building perimeter. Additional factors determining the distances from external fire-fighting water supply sources to the projected objects are given.Conclusion A conclusion regarding the adequacy of the proposed model is formulated and directions for future research indicated that allows the applicability of the model to be specified for the calculation of the projected objects, which differ in terms of dimensions given in the plan by above-normative characteristics.
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Kovalev, O. O., A. Y. Kalinovsky, and O. G. Polivanov. "DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS OF CONTAINER METHOD OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING." Fire Safety, no. 34 (July 19, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.06.
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Currently, the creation of fundamentally new technical means of fire extinguishing and the development of new methods for delivering fire extinguishing substances to a remote distance when extinguishing complex fires is the actual scientific and technical problem. The fire fighting equipment currently used in the territorial divisions of the SES of Ukraine does not allow delivering of fire extinguishing substances at a distance of 100 m and more. Existing fire fighting equipment is designed to deliver water, aqueous solutions and foams at a distance of up to 100 meters, as well as dry chemicals at a distance of up to 70 meters. Today various researchers are developing technical means and methods for remote delivery of such fire extinguishing agents as aerosol-forming compounds, dry chemical powders, fire extinguishing freons, solid carbon dioxide and organometallic compounds. At the same time, the use of the considered fire extinguishing agents did not become widespread in the fire and rescue units due to insufficient development of technical means and methods of delivery. To solve the problem of delivering fire extinguishing substances to a remote distance while extinguishing complex fires, it was proposed to use a barrelled fire extinguishing system, which ensures high-precision delivery by throwing the containers filled with extinguishing agent directly into the combustion zone along the ballistic trajectory. The analysis of various fire extinguishing substances and compositions for use in containers showed that to achieve the highest efficiency of fire extinguishing, it is advisable to use dry chemical powders. As a result of the study of the use of dry chemical powders as container fillers, the mechanics of the fire extinguishing action of dry chemical compositions after releasing from the container by excessive pressure, created by detonation products of explosives, was investigated. A method for determining the total mass of dry chemical powder and the required number of containers filled with dry chemical powder for extinguishing class A and B fires has been developed. Keywords
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Li, Chi Yuan. "The Design of Inter-Regional Fire and Rescue Mobilization System." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.383.
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The inter-regional mobilization is the scene of the fire power of the commanders of major hazard of fire according to first make the decision that the activities of fire rescue and command necessary step, whether the power to mobilize quickly, accurately and reasonably, is directly related to fire fighting and rescue operations success or failure[1]. Therefore, how to live according to the fire situation in a scientific and rational mobilization of fire fighting and power, integration and complementarity of fire and rescue resources, is to achieve regional rapid disposal of the fire units to improve performance of the fire rescue and command must be a key issue to face. This paper reviews the inter-regional fire power mobilization system development overview, an analysis of the system's user needs, and to inter-regional fire service emergency mobilization theory, the power to mobilize the light of regional fire law and algorithm model, using ESRI's ArcIMS map service platform, constructed under the framework of regional-based WebGIS scene of the fire power to mobilize the system. A brief introduction of the inter-regional scene of the fire power to mobilize the system design process, data sharing, the core modules such as content.
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Berezhanskyi, T., and Ya Moshkola. "IMPROVING WORK RESOURCE OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR EUTECTIC COATING." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 20 (January 23, 2020): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.20.2019.06.
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Today, in Ukraine, fire-fighting and rescue units in the event of fires and emergencies of a natural and anthropo-genic nature are often forced to operate emergency life-saving tools and equipment that are partially worn or outdated. It is extremely costly to completely replace the equipment of all fire and rescue units. Therefore, the development of methods for the restoration of worn or partially worn parts of fire and rescue equipment, as well as increasing their service life and interrepair interval, is an urgent task for today.The proposed work is devoted to the application of eutectic coatings based on the Fe-Mn-C-B-Si alloy Cr system for the restoration of partially wornout steel parts of firefighting equipment and rescue equipment, as well as to increase the service life (lifetime) of these parts. The essence of the experimental study was to compare the wear of the cutting elements of hydraulic emergency rescue scissors "Hydrum H-32" series production and scissors with a protective eutectic coating. The work life of the eutectic coatings of Fe-Mn-C-B-Si doped Cr working bodies of emergency rescue scissors in 1.8 times greater than that of working bodies of serial production, so it is advisable to repair such worn parts of the rescue and fire tool. Due to the relatively low cost of eutectic alloys based on iron, this method is economically viable as an alternative to replacing parts with new ones. This type of coating can also be applied to other steel parts of fire-fighting and rescue equipment to restore worn parts and increase service life and overhaul intervals. The use of durable eutectic iron based coatings is economically feasible given their relatively low cost.
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HODOSHIMA, Ryuichi, and Hisanori AMANO. "0713 Development of a Cooperative Transportation System with Multiple FRIGO's Units for Fire Fighting." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2009.22 (2010): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2009.22.116.
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Hulida, E. M., O. M. Koval, and V. V. Sharii. "PROVIDING FIRE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL WAREHOUSE FACILITIES CONSIDERING FIRE RISK." Fire Safety, no. 34 (July 19, 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.05.
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Formulation of the problem. Minimizing the consequences of fires is the problem of particular importance for the cities of Ukraine. Closed and open warehouses in industrial enterprises are the buildings of the highest risk. Due to the results of the analysis, the problem is that insufficient consideration is given to the provision of fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities. Proceeding from the above it is possible to state that the elaboration of the main directions of provision of fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities is very important. The goal of the work. To develop a methodology for providing fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities taking into account the fire risk. Tasks setting and their solution. To ensure the fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities, the following tasks must be addressed as a priority: 1) to develop a classification of industrial warehouse facilities for the possible grouping of fire-prevention means for protection of such facilities during fires; 2) to develop mathematical dependencies for determining the required number of fire-prevention means for industrial warehouse facilities; 3) to develop a methodology for providing fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities taking into account the fire risk. To solve the first problem, recommendations were taken into account, on the basis of which the scheme of classification of industrial warehouse facilities was developed. In order to solve the second task in the first stage, all necessary fire protection facilities were determined to ensure the fire safety of industrial warehouse facilities. After accepting all necessary fire-fighting equipment for the provision of fire safety of industrial warehouse facilities, mathematical dependencies have been developed to determine their required quantity. To solve the third task the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated February 29, 2012, № 306 was used. Taking into account the above mentioned fire protection systems, mathematical models of fire risk calculation for closed, semi-closed and open industrial and warehouse facilities were developed. Conclusions and specific suggestions: 1. The mathematical models of fire risks for closed, semi-closed and open industrial warehouse facilities are given, which make it possible to develop a methodology for determining the optimal amount of fire-fighting equipment and thereby provide fire protection for these objects. 2. To optimize the choice of the required number of fire-fighting equipment, it is necessary to establish an optimization criterion that would be based on the determined direct losses from the fire, expenses of the fire and rescue units for the elimination of fire and expenses for fire protection. 3. The developed mathematical models of fire risks require further improvement with the aim of their introduction and use on the basis of information technologies. These models allow to take all necessary measures for providing fire safety during the audit of closed, semi-closed and open industrial warehouse facilities.
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Lee, Euipyeong. "Analysis of the Plan to Receive Emergency Fire Response Teams for Large-Scale Disasters in Japan." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.4.91.
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In the event of large-scale disasters requiring state-level responses in Korea, the Fire Commissioner of the National Fire Agency (NFA) mobilizes the fire-fighting forces from the cities or provinces of the entire country. Korea does not have a suitable system to receive support in disaster-affected cities or provinces. There is, however, a system to support disaster-ravaged cities or provinces in accordance with the fire-fighting force mobilization system under the Framework Act on Fire Services. Unlike Korea, Japan mobilizes registered emergency fire response teams (EFRTs) to address large-scale disasters. In addition, fire departments of all prefectures and municipalities have established plans to receive EFRTs to prepare for large-scale disasters within their jurisdictions. This study analyzes the plan to receive EFRTs when large-scale disasters occur and EFRTs are mobilized in disaster sites in Japan. The receiving plan includes the following: procedure for requesting EFRT mobilization; establishment of a fire support coordination headquarters within the emergency operations headquarters of prefectures; establishment of command headquarters and command support headquarters in municipalities; establishment of air command headquarters in the fire air corps of prefectures; and appointment of the heads of command for support units and command support teams. Additionally, the plan addresses the establishment of advance points, hutment places, fueling stations, command systems, communication operation systems, task assignment systems, and unit movement and withdrawal procedures.
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Yakovchuk, R., A. Kuzyk, O. Yemelyanenko, T. Skorobagatko, and O. Dobrostan. "ANALYSIS OF FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES IN CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERIOR WALLS FIT WITH FAÇADE HEAT INSULATION AND FINISHED WITH PLASTER." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2019.2.67-73.
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The purpose of the work is to analyze fire prevention measures in structures of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as to analyze the features of their arrangement, taking into account the experience of neighboring countries. The application of exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation with plaster finish, as well as problems related to their fire hazard, are substantiated. The works are analyzed to investigate the problems of fire safety of exterior wall structures with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as hinged facade systems. The types, design features, purpose and functions of fire belts and framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible materials, which are arranged in exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, are considered and analyzed. The role of floor fire belts and the framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible mineral wool boards have been established.
It is concluded that the use of structures of the exterior walls of residential buildings with facade thermal insulation with a combustible insulation and plastering significantly increases their level of fire danger. This danger will depend both on the properties of the individual materials (in particular the insulation), and on the design features of the entire thermal insulation system and the building as a whole. For plaster systems of thermal insulation of facades, the rapid spread of fire on the higher and lower floors of the building is a big threat. Frequent causes of fire of thermal insulation systems of external walls is the tipping of fire from a window opening of a building as a result of intense fire indoors. Materials of decorative and protective finishing of walls should meet requirements of normative documents on designs of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, and their constructive execution will depend on the height of the building and functional purpose of the object. Fire-fighting measures, foreseeing in the construction of exterior walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, intended to ensure their fire safety during the time necessary for the safe evacuation of people from the building, the arrival of units of fire and rescue units and extending the fire throughout its distribution.
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Meretukova, O. G., T. A. Shavyrina, E. Yu Udavtsova, E. V. Bobrinev, and A. A. Kondashov. "Risks of health damage in the units of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of EMERCOM of the Russian Federation." SAFETY OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, no. 2 (2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2021-2-19-24.
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Introduction. Risk assessment is an integral initial stage of the risk management procedure aimed at reducing damage to the health and life of employees. Currently, the legislation does not establish uniform concepts and criteria for assessing occupational risk. Scientific literature presents a variety of approaches and methods for assessing occupational risk from harmful and dangerous factors of industrial activity. Problem Statement. It is necessary to develop a model for assessing occupational risk in the units of the Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, which allows us to take into account the likelihood of harm to the health of an employee as a result of exposure to harmful and (or) dangerous industrial factors and the severity of health disorders as a result of such exposure. Theoretical Part. For the assessment of occupational risk in the units of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of EMERCOM of Russia, we take the definition of risk established by the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.0.010-2009 "Occupational safety standards system. Occupational safety and health management systems. Hazard and risks identification and estimation of risks". The assessment of the probability of causing harm to the health of an employee was carried out using the following indicators: the frequency of injuries, the frequency of death, the frequency of disability. The severity of health disorder was assessed through the indicator of labor loss by personnel from health damage. Conclusion. The paper considers various methods for assessing occupational risk from harmful and hazardous factors of industrial activity. A mathematical model is proposed for assessing the risk of health damage in the units of the Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia on the principle of labor loss by personnel from various types of health damage. Its values were calculated for employees of the Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia for 2015-2019.
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Stepanov, O. I., A. N. Denisov, and M. V. Stakheev. "POSITIONS OF GAS AND SMOKE PROTECTION SERVICE UNITS IN FIRE-FIGHTING CONTROL IN BUILDINGS OF LOW STABILITY IN CASE OF FIRE." Technology of technosphere safety 85 (2019): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.3.85.56-64.
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Prisyajnyuk, V., S. Semychayevsky, M. Yakimenko, M. Osadchuk, V. Svirskiy, and О. Milutin. "OF THE TYPES, NOMENCLATURE AND BASIC PARAMETERS OF THE DELIVERY FIRE HOSES FOR FIRE-RESCUE EQUIPMENT." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-318-323.
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The urgency of the substantiation of modern classification requirements and technical parameters to delivery fire hoses for fire-rescue equipment is given. The types, nomenclature, classification and basic parameters of layflat delivery fire hoses of domestic production and production of leading countries of the world are analyzed. The basis for ensuring the operational and tactical actions of the units of the Operational Rescue Service of the Civil Protection Service of Ukraine for the elimination of natural and man-made emergencies, including extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations. His technical status, ability of personnel to properly operate the equipment at his disposal depends on the efficiency and tactical capabilities of the operational and rescue units. Fire hoses are a significant component of fire fighting equipment. Among the technical means intended for the transportation of extinguishing agents to the fire cell, the main role is certainly played by delivery fire hoses. Currently in Ukraine information on the types, nomenclature, classification and basic parameters of delivery fire hoses for rescue vehicles is given in the current national standard DSTU 3810-98. Given that the requirements of the national standard DSTU 3810-98 to some extent obsolete and do not meet the practical needs of today, it is urgent to justify the current classification requirements and technical parameters to layflat delivery fire hoses for firefighting equipment. Known research reports provide research findings on the establishment of classification requirements and technical parameters for delivery fire hoses, in particular those used in conjunction with fire and rescue equipment. At the same time, these studies do not fully reflect the current experience of EU countries on the subject. In order to solve this problem, at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Civil Protection a research work is being conducted "Grounding of fire hose test methods", within which a national standard will be developed that will establish, in particular, the classification requirements parameters to the layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicles. Keywords: classification, layflat delivery fire hoses, rescue equipment, technical parameters.
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Jánošík, Ladislav, Ivana Jánošíková, Pavel Poledňák, and Izabela Šudrychová. "Porovnání dynamiky jízdy zásahového požárního automobilu v městské aglomeraci Ostrava a okresního města Nový Jíčín." Krízový manažment 19, no. 2 (2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/krm.c.2020.2.14-20.
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The paper is focused on the evaluation and comparison of driving dynamics of the intervention of the first-exit fire truck type water tender at units of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic in the Moravian-Silesian Region. The aim of the comparison is to specify different driving characteristics both in the center of the Ostrava urban agglomeration, Fifejdy city part, and in the district town Nový Jičín. Professional telemetry, which was placed in the monitored vehicles, was used to obtain primary records of the driving behavior of emergency fire-fighting vehicles. These records were then evaluated with the telemetry supplier’s company software. Our findings should be reflected in the future calculations of driving times and the area coverage.
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Ręcławowicz, Stanisław, and Janusz Adam Wrzesiński. "Krajowy system ratowniczo-gaśniczy w systemie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państwa." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 106 (December 13, 2016): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.106.28.
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NATIONAL FIREFIGHTING AND RESCUE SYSTEM NFRS IN THE STATE INTERNAL SECURITY SYSTEMNational Firefighting and Rescue System was formed on 1 January 1995 under the Act of 24August 1991. The Act, which initiated achange in our state internal security system, changing its paramilitary character into civilian. Despite the laws of abygone era of communism the creation of the State Fire Service as aseparate formation within the Ministry of Internal Affairs allowed „the exclusion” of organizational units of the fire brigade of the Civil Defence so-called „rescue units group”.This formation was obliged to create the National Rescue and Fire Fighting, possessing the power switch to the system of other units of fire protection services, inspections, internships, institutions and entities that voluntarily on the basis of acivil contract agreed to cooperate in rescue operations.This system gives permission to the Chief Commander in the State Fire Service, Provincial and District Heads to determine respectively in the country, province or district the tasks, coordinate operation and manage it in extreme situation.The Provincial Governor and the District Head carry out their tasks with the appropriate provincial and district crisis management team, operating under the Act of 26 April 2007. Crisis Management Dz.U. Journal of Laws No. 89, item. 590, as amended. Amendment 2.The Village Head has the authority supervised by the mayor or city president, who coordinates the operation of the National Firefighting and Rescue System within the municipality to the extent determined by the Provincial Governor. In other words, the system enables the interaction of organizational units of government, local government, private entities and public benefit organizations. The relevant Governors play ameaningful role in this system. They perform tasks and powers of the State Fire Service with the help of provincial commanders of the State Fire Service in the province.
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Čyras, Petras, Mečislavas Griškevičius, and Artūras Jaras. "THE ANALYSIS OF FIRES AND RESCUE OPERATIONS IN LITHUANIA/GAISRINGUMO IR GELBĖJIMO DARBŲ LIETUVOJE ANALIZĖ." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 5, no. 2 (April 30, 1999): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1999.10531448.
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With the recent increase in the fire and rescue functions the Lithuanian fire fighters have had to endure much higher physical and psychological obligations in fighting for people's welfare and even life. 11 393 fires with an estimated damage of 21,75 million Litas (LT) occurred in Lithuania in 1997 (Table 1). 227 persons perished in fires, 15 children among them. 134 people were wounded. The majority of them (146) perished in the countryside. 51,81 fire cases fell to 10.000 of the village inhabitants, whereas the average number of fires is 30,71 in Lithuania. In 1997, the number of fire victims was 63 per 1 million of the Lithuanian population, while the analogous rate of the Scandinavian countries is 11–19 persons in average. The maximum number of fires occurred in the year of 1996 (Fig 2). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of fire and rescue services rendered have been recently implemented and suggestions for the improvement of fire registration, reduction of fire rate as well as the increase in rescue services have been provided for. In 1997, the majority of fires broke out in the residential areas, ie blocks of flats and private houses; the number of arson cases increased as well. The basic causes of fire (Fig 3) were negligence in fire precautions (47,76%), improper electrical installations as well as violations of fire regulations (13,0%). 128 persons perished due to negligence. The high level of adults perished in fires is related to the ignorance and negligence in fire safety regulations. The fire brigades have also been committed in carrying out rescue services according to the worldwide experience. In 1997 the Lithuanian rescuers responded to 4095 emergencies (Fig 7). Modern rescue equipment is being used. The rescue team, also, renders urgent medical assistance to the injured on the spot. 205 human lives were saved in 1997 (Fig 8). In 1997, the militarised fire and rescue units liquidated 37 percent of fires, while the non-militarized units extinguished 10% of fires (Fig 9). The average expenses in estimating the complete supply and maintenance of the fire brigade fall to 6.450 LT per one statistical fire. Relative numbers alongside with absolute numbers have been suggested to be used in the fire statistics, these being the rate of the fire frequency, the average fire damage and the relative fire damage rates. These factors characterise the fire rate and enable to determine the fire conditions of an administrative unit or throughout the country, as well as to compare them with other countries. Preventive measures to reduce the fire rate have been presented in the recommendations and conclusions. The Fire Department has been commissioned to undertake all rescue functions in order to further continue the militarisation of the fire brigades, to install automatic smoke detectors in new buildings, to establish lightning conductors in the rural areas and pay particular attention to fixing improper installations.
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Yevstihnieiev, Andrii. "Judicial protection of several legitimate environmental interests as a way to prevent violations of environmental security." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.64.
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The article analyzes some aspects of the legal provision of fire safety in the forests of Ukraine as a component of environmentalsafety on the example of forest fires in Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions in the spring of 2020, the legislative regulation of subordinationand coordination of state and departmental fire protection units on prevention and elimination of forest fires is analyzed, identified someshortcomings of legal regulation in the relevant field. It is concluded that in order to increase the effectiveness of forest fire fighting, itis necessary to improve certain regulations on the interaction of fire departments of different authorities, strengthening their technicalsupport for timely detection of fires and their rapid extinguishing. It is emphasized that Forests play a surprisingly important role inensuring the human right to a safe environment for life and health. It is noted that provided that if fire safety in forests is properlyensured (resulting in the absence of fires or their prompt cessation) will ensure environmental safety, because the environmental risk offire (probability of causing damage to human health or life as a result of harm to human health and life due to environmental pollution(especially atmospheric air).It is concluded that current legislation regulates in detail the activities of the departmental fire protection of the State ForestAgency in the field of prevention and elimination of forest fires, while to the activities of fire departments of the SES of Ukraine aregiven less attention.
According to the results of the analysis of regulations and the main problems that arose during firefighting in Kyiv and Zhytomyrregions in the spring of 2020, we consider it expedient to highlight the following main shortcomings of regulatory and legal regulationof fire safety in the forests of Ukraine:– lack of clear provisions on coordination and subordination of fire brigades of different authorities in the elimination of forest fires;– lack of clear provisions on the coordination of fire brigades and other stare authorities in terms of involving their equipmentfor forest fires.
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Semichaevskiy, S., V. Prisyazhnuk, M. Yakimenko, M. Osadchuk, O. Kurtov, and O. Milutin. "EXPERIMENTAL METHODS OF ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF SMOKE AND HEAT REMOVAL." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2019.2.22-28.
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The results of the experimental studies on the determination of the smoke reduction coefficient and the temperature reduction coefficient during the implementation of three variants of gas-air environment normalization in the test box are presented, namely during the creation of a smoky and high-temperature environment and subsequent self-reduction of the smoke time. smoke and heat removal by injection of air and by simultaneous supply of air and sprayed at the water jet to the test box using portable portable smoke and heat removal.
A large number of firefighting cases are associated with the hazardous effects on the personnel of hazardous fire factors. In particular, the effects of high temperatures and smoke greatly complicate rescue work and firefighting. An important tactical way to reduce such an impact on the personnel of the fire and rescue units is to control the flue streams of the fire by means of portable means of smoke and heat removal, which are functionally intended for local increase of air pressure by injection of air into the area of work of personnel or removal of products from the mountains. fire conditions for normalization of temperature and air environment.
At present, there are almost no portable means of smoke and heat removal in the fire-fighting units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. Considering that in the period from 2014 to 2018 during the firefighting and elimination of the consequences of emergencies in Ukraine, there was a tendency to increase the number of used units of gas and fire protection service from fires from 5802 to 7804 and increase their operating time from 1704 h to 2544 h. the need for widespread use of fire and rescue units and portable means of smoke and heat removal. n order to assist in solving this problem, a functional layout of a portable smoke and heat extraction type was created at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Civil Protection within the framework of the research work "Smoke and Heat Removal Means".
According to the developed methodology, the experts of the institute conducted experimental studies to determine the smoke reduction coefficient and the temperature reduction coefficient in the fire room during the use of such means.
The results of the experimental studies are presented in the appropriate graphs.
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McGuire-Wolfe, Christine. "Firefighters Fighting Germs - Evaluation of a Disinfecting Protocol for Use in the Fire Service." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s519—s520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1202.
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Background: Pasco County Fire Rescue (PCFR) is a rapidly growing suburban fire department located in Florida. PCFR employs >500 firefighters (all cross-trained as either emergency medical technicians or paramedics) in 27 stations to provide both emergency medical services (EMS) and fire suppression response. Although multiple studies have established that pathogens are present in both apparatus and stations within the fire service, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfecting protocols in this specific setting. Methods: In total, 65 high-touch surfaces in 11 vehicles (ambulances and engines) and common areas of 2 fire stations were swabbed before and after disinfection. Vehicle surfaces swabbed included seats, cabinet doors, door handles, stretchers, medical equipment, keyboard, steering wheels, shared headsets and hand rails. Inside the stations, the refrigerator handle, television remote, radio and alarm buttons, door handles, and locker handles were swabbed. Immediately following the initial swab collection, the surfaces were disinfected with hydrogen peroxide wipes and disinfectant cleaner sprayed through an electrostatic system. The same surfaces were then swabbed after disinfection. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were quantified using standard microbiological techniques by a third-party laboratory. Statistical analysis was performed on the resulting bacterial counts using Minitab version 18.1 software. Results: We detected statistically significant decreases in total bacteria, yeast, and mold counts following implementation of this disinfection protocol. The predisinfection mean of bacteria, yeast, and mold counts for all surfaces combined was reduced 96% after disinfection (from 254,637 CFU to 9,392 CFU). Conclusions: Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces in PCFR emergency vehicles and fire station common areas with the agents described above effectively reduced contamination with bacteria, yeast, and mold spores. The PCFR has implemented this disinfection protocol as a tool in eliminating EMS vehicles and the station environment as reservoirs of infection for patients, visitors, and firefighters. Future efforts will include assessing the impact of regular cleaning and disinfection on baseline levels of bacteria, yeast, and mold spores.Funding: This study was supported by Clorox.Disclosures: None
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Ntaimo, Lewis, Julián A. Gallego Arrubla, Curt Stripling, Joshua Young, and Thomas Spencer. "A stochastic programming standard response model for wildfire initial attack planning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 6 (June 2012): 987–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-032.
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Wildfires are responsible for several civilians deaths and millions of dollars in property losses every year, on average. Wildfire containment is the result of an effectively performed initial attack. We formulate a two-stage stochastic integer programming standard response model for initial attack. The model assumes a known standard response needed to contain a fire of given size. The goal of the model is to contain as many fires as possible while minimizing the fixed rental and travel costs and the expected future operational costs. We report on a study based on district TX12, which is one of the fire planning units of the Texas Forest Service (TFS) in East Texas, involving seven operations bases and up to 28 dozers. We use our methodology to position the dozers based on 30- and 60-min maximum travel time restrictions and evaluate each deployment in terms of the number of fire-fighting resources positioned at each operations base and the expected number of escaped (contained) fires. We also consider deploying additional resources to operations bases that need them the most. The deployments made by our methodology provide several insights and show that the original distribution of resources in TX12 at the time of this study was not optimal. For example, more dozers were initially located at operations bases in areas of low density of fires while fewer dozers were located at bases in areas of high density of fires.
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Prisyajnyuk, V., S. Semychayevsky, M. Yakimenko, M. Osadchuk, V. Svirskiy, and О. Milutin. "ABOUT IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATORY BASE FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS FOR DELIVERY FIRE HOSES." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-312-317.
Full textAbstract:
The urgency of the development of the corresponding national standard, which regulates the technical requirements and test methods for the layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicle. Currently, the Operative Rescue Service mainly uses pressure hoses of the “T” type (for fire vehicle ) with a diameter of 51 mm and 77 mm, the technical condition of which often does not meet the requirements, which may not withstand the pressure that pumps of even traditionally used fire vehicle develop when extinguishing fires. The use of such hoses in extinguishing real fires can limit the ability, reduce the effectiveness of operational and tactical operations of operational and rescue units, as well as put personnel at risk. Today, there are a number of complaints from Civil Protection Operations and Rescue units regarding substandard fire hoses being purchased and operated. Basically, the complaints concern the non-conformity of these products with respect to the pressure requirements and the wear resistance of the surface of the material from which it is made. Over the past three years, the State Emergency Service has purchased about 120 fire vehicle each year, which are completed with fire delivery hoses with diameters of 51 and 77 mm. The requirements of the current national standard DSTU 3810-98 in Ukraine are outdated and do not meet the practical needs of today. Taking into account that new types of fire hoses and technologies of their creation have appeared in the leading countries of the world, and considering that the standard in Ukraine DSTU EN 15889: 2017 does not apply to layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicles, the issue of developing a national standard for this type of fire hose is urgent. In addition, European regulatory document CEN / TR 16099 states that the EU does not have a single standard that sets the technical requirements for "flat-fire attack hoses", ie those used with fire-fighting pumps. In EU countries, this issue is likely to be governed by the individual national standards of the Member States. This is confirmed by the German national standard DIN 14811-2008 / A1-2012, A2-2014. The technical characteristics and test methods of fire hoses in accordance with current DSTU 3810-98 and German standard DIN 14811-2008 are given. On the basis of analytical research the methods of testing layflat delivery fire hoses are specified, which will be given in the draft national standard. Keywords: layflat delivery fire hoses, rescue vehicles, specifications, test methods.
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Pawlik, Marek. "Electrified lines entering tunnels in Poland, safety aspects of the running with fire." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818005003.
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Potential fire on board of the passenger train creates risk for passengers health and passengers life. Using non-flammable materials for producing Electric Multiple Units (EMUs) is not considered to be sufficient as passengers are carrying different types of materials as their luggage and belongings. In case of fire on board of the train, the EMU should stop in a place which is appropriate for passengers evacuation and fire fighting. Not all places along railway lines are considered to be appropriate for such purpose. Especially stopping in tunnels is considered inappropriate. Meanwhile the amount of tunnels on the Polish railway network is growing significantly. This requires application of the Technical Specification for Interoperability regarding Safety in Railway Tunnels (TSI SRT) and set of fire standards EN 45545. Using those requirements is associated with putting tunnels and rolling stock into service under railway interoperability directive 2008/57/WE. Additional analyse is however necessary from operational safety point of view due to growing amount of tunnels and growing diversity of rolling stock. Paper proposes conducting risk analyse in accordance with common safety method for risk evaluation and assessment based on a dedicated European Standard EN 50533 which defines requirements regarding running capability in case of fire on board of the rolling stock. Paper analyses applicability of that approach for group of tunnels and rolling stock fleet comprising different types of rolling stock including Electric Multiple Units.
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Dobrovolsky, V. B., O. S. Demianyuk, and D. V. Zaitsev. "SOME WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF TEACHING FIRE PREPARATION AT THE FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION AT THE MILITARY INSTITUTE." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 65 (2019): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2019/65-12.
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The article deals with the process of teaching fire training to citizens of Ukraine who study under the reserve officers training program at the Faculty of Postgraduate Education of the Military Institute. A theoretical analysis of scientific works, which showed that teaching fire training with future reserve officers in the conditions of a certain special period and fighting in the east of Ukraine, requires the development of new and improved methodological recommendations that have already been tried to improve the efficiency of this process. The procedure of studying (passing) of the module 1.3 "Fire preparation" is determined. Much attention is paid to the pedagogical techniques, forms and methods used in teaching the module "Fire preparation", their features and the possibility of use in the educational process of the Faculty of Postgraduate Education. Some recommendations have been identified to improve the effectiveness of teaching the basics of fire training as a component of combat training of units and units. From the list of firing exercises that are intended to be divided into exercises of basic, specialized and combat levels, the article discusses basic level exercises. These include: initial and training firing exercises. They are designed to acquire primary skills in performing fire tasks in all ways for different purposes under any circumstances. It is with the changing conditions of firing exercises, the change in the tactical environment against which fire training is conducted, the scientific and pedagogical staff of the Department of Tactics and General Military Training introduce new pedagogical techniques and methods that lead to an increase in the efficiency of teaching the module.
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Vetlugin, Ilya G., A. Yu Zakurdaeva, L. I. Dezhurnyy, V. E. Dubrov, Yu S. Shoygu, and A. A. Kolodkin. "FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF FIRST AID IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS." Health Care of the Russian Federation 62, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2018-62-5-265-273.
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The article considers legal and regulatory of the Russian Federation framework issues of first aid treatment in an emergency. The authors provide insight into the basic normative documents that determine the powers of personnel admitted to the emergency zone including military and State Fire-Fighting Service personnel, members of accident rescue units and services. As a result of the analysis of regulatory documents, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to bring the existing regulatory framework in line with a single standard, legislatively expand the range of authority of the relevant personnel in providing emergency care, and to prepare training programs for personnel in emergency situations.
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Smolyak, D., and Yu Baran. "THE METHOD OF USING THE LIFTING TROUBLESHOOT FOR CONSUMPTION OF SATISFACTORIES FROM UNDERGROUND MANIFOLDS (WELLS)." Fire Safety, no. 33 (December 31, 2018): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.33.2018.14.
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Introduction. The main task of the SNSS rescue units is to provide emergency assistance and rescue of the population in case of occurrence of events that threaten their life and health or may cause material damage. The success of rescuing people by fire brigades depends on several factors. First of all, it is the presence of special fire fighting equipment for rescue operations at the altitude and the technical possibility of its use.
Today, the rescue of the victim from a sewage well, a water collector - a phenomenon is still quite widespread. Such cases come from the fault of the victim, yes, and due to negligence of the relevant utilities.
Purpose. In rescuing people from multistory buildings, rescuers use motorbikes, but if the motorway can not arrive at an emergency, and manual fire ladders do not reach the required height, fire and rescue units use fire ropes and evacuate people with them.Rescue works in wells of underground communications are divided into the following stages: • Preparation of the necessary equipment and place of the event for the execution of works; • Emergency rescue directly into the well; • Preparation of the victim for lifting to the surface and transportation; • lifesaving on the surface.
Methods. For descent from the floors or lifting from the underground well, the survivors of the survivors knit a double rescue loop from the fire rope and put it on the victim. But there is a better alternative to the double rescue loop - this is a rescue triangle.
Results. Characteristics of the rescue triangle: time of dressing, comfort of dressing, durability, care of the rescue triangle.Conclusion. Equipping at least fire trucks equipped with rescue tripods, rescue triangles will greatly simplify the work and increase the efficiency of rescue works from the floors of the house or underground collectors (wells).
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Tsarichenko, S. G., A. V. Ostrovoy, S. V. Karasev, and M. L. Pugachev. "A research into the potential application of unmanned aerial vehicles in the fire extinguishing of high-rise buildings and structures." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2021.30.03.54-64.
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Introduction. Fires in high-rise buildings and structures constitute a grave danger both to the people inside, valuables, and the building structure. More often than not, fires develop on the external surface of construction facilities that are in operation or inside those facilities that are under construction, and they give rise to the problem of using standard fire extinguishing solutions and require the employment of mobile machinery by fast response units of the fire-fighting service who apply fire extinguishing agents from the outside of a building. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the in expediency of, or, on the contrary, the need to make the proposed amendments to Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 “Technical Regulation of Fire Safety Requirements”.The scope of the problem. The analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of application of fire extinguishing agents used to extinguish outdoor fires in high-rise buildings has shown the insufficiently high efficiency of ground-mounted machinery, which preconditions the need to make an enquiry into the possibility of using aircraft to extinguish high-rise buildings and structures. Given the need to ensure effective fire extinguishing, meet safety and economic feasibility requirements, an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (AURA) was selected as the delivery vehicle. Systems using various fire extinguishing agents and methods of their application were used for fire extinguishing purposes, including a pulsed water application system, capsules containing the fire extinguishing composition, high-pressure water mist and compressed air foam. Their applicability at the height of 300 meters has determined their choice.Research results. The testing task was to confirm the possibility of application of fire extinguishing agents to the fire seat in the course of the flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle, to identify the effectiveness of fire extinguishing agents and to assess the stability of extinguishing agents applied to the fire seat. To ensure safety, testing was carried out at the height not exceeding 10 m, and the results confirmed the possibility of using the above substances to extinguish fires.Conclusions. The research has confirmed the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles and various methods of fire extinguishing by means of the horizontal application of extinguishing agents inside high-rise buildings and structures, if extinguishing agents are applied from outside of a construction facility.
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Павлов, Евгений Владимирович, Иван Вячеславович Нестеров, Александр Иванович Пичугин, Кирилл Эдуардович Архиреев, Владимир Иванович Логинов, and Александр Алексеевич Порошин. "Features of equipping the divisions of FPS GPS EMERCOM of Russia with fire fighting equipment and rescue tools for work in the Arctic zone of the russian federation." Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, no. 2(99) (June 18, 2020): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.2020.99.2.009.
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Сформулированы общие требования к пожарной технике и оборудованию, аварийно-спасательным средствам, предназначенным для эксплуатации в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации (АЗРФ). Рассмотрены основные факторы, связанные с использованием пожарной техники в условиях экстремально отрицательных температур и затрудняющие тушение пожаров, проведение аварийно-спасательных работ. Основным фактором является неприспособленность к работе при значениях температуры окружающей среды ниже минус 40 °С имеющейся пожарной техники или ее отсутствие. Этот фактор определяет и другие негативные факторы, снижающие эффективность пожарной техники или делающие невозможным ее применение. Указаны основные приоритеты развития системы материально-технического обеспечения сил и средств ФПС ГПС МЧС России в АЗРФ. The main directions of FPS GPS divisions development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) are formulated. The paper draws attention to the problem of equipping fire and rescue units operating in the AZRF with special equipment adapted to extreme operating conditions. A number of factors have a negative impact on providing fire and rescue units with the necessary equipment. They include an insufficient number of equipment types designed specifically for operation in AZRF conditions, the lack of a regulatory framework containing the requirements to certain types of fire and rescue equipment of HL climatic performance. In addition, the authorizing departmental documents, defining the order of material and technical support of divisions of FPS GPS EMERCOM of Russia, do not consider the features of material and technical support of divisions in AZRF. There are formulated the following main development priorities for the system of material and technical support of forces and means of the FPS GPS EMERCOM of Russia in AZRF: development and implementation of innovative models of multifunctional mobile fire and rescue vehicles and equipment, improvement of the system of maintenance and repair for fire and rescue equipment and vehicles in the Arctic zone. In addition, it is necessary to build, reconstruct and equip the infrastructure objects for divisions of FPS GPS EMERCOM of Russia including the provision with modern information and communication technologies and life-support systems that allow to monitor the situation effectively and, if necessary, to warn the population.
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Popikov, P., Petr Popikov, Andrey Sharov, Aleksandr Petkov, and Anton Pozdnyakov. "INFLUENCE OF OPERATING MODES OF FOREST FIRE SOIL-THROWING MACHINE WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE ON EFFICIENCY INDICATORS." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.1/25.
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Many areas of human activity, in particular, agriculture and the timber industry, use technological machines and
equipment having in their arsenal a hydraulic system for supplying pressure to the used units for soil cultivation,
sowing, cutting, rooting out and many others. The article discusses the use of an energy-saving hydraulic drive. It
provides experimental data on its use in a forest fire soil-throwing machine. The experiment was carried out using the
LHT-55 forestry tractor, on the rear hitch of which a laboratory sample of a fire-fighting soil-throwing machine with a
rotor-thrower drive from a hydraulic motor has been mounted. An adjustable hydraulic pump is installed on the rear
frame of LHT-55 tractor, on which there is a regulator of the volume of supplied fluid. In the course of experimental
studies we used the methods, specified in State Standard 20915–2011, Industrial Standard 70.2.16–73. During the
experiments, the main indicators of the efficiency of forest fire-fighting soil-throwing machine have been determined:
the maximum surge in the pressure of the working fluid in the hydraulic drive for the duty cycle Pm; the energy stored
by the pneumohydraulic accumulator in one working cycle Pm (operation of the safety valve); the maximum energy that
a pneumohydraulic accumulator with these parameters is able to accumulate per line kilometer or per shift Eav;, average
range of the soil throwing Lav and the thickness of the soil layer depending on the distance of throw T. A large number
of selected determining factors made it possible to depict graphically obtained data and conduct a visual analysis to
obtain the most effective operating modes of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with an energy-saving hydraulic drive.
The paper presents the rationale for the new design of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with an energy-saving
hydraulic drive. The dependences of the efficiency indicators of working flows on the design and technological
parameters of a forest fire soil-throwing machine have been obtained.
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Bordyian, P., D. Maksymchuk, K. Dechtiarenko, L. Gordishevsky, and N. Maslich. "ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEMS, WHICH ARISING IN THE PROCESS OF FIGHTING WITH DRONES DURING THE STORING OF THE MISSILES AND AMMUNITION IN THE FIELD ARTILLERY WAREHOUSES." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.1.141-145.
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Considering that there are promising ways to combat unmanned licensed vehicles for other field warehouses stored in combat situations. The experience of conducting the Joint Forces Operation (ATO) in eastern Ukraine, as well as the negative cases that have recently occurred in the field artillery depots and stationary arsenals (bases) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, shows that the system of storage of missiles and ammunition in the field artillery depots of The Ukrainian forces are outdated and need major upgrading and modernization. Based on the analysis of the provision of troops with missiles and ammunition, for the period from 2015 to 2016 for the destruction of ammunition storage facilities, both stationary (arsenals, ammunition storage bases of the Armed Forces of Ukraine) and field depots of the units of Incorporated Forces effectively uses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The most illustrative examples of UAVs are: fire and explosion at the field warehouse of ammunition storage at the combined RAW field warehouses (Svatovo, Lugansk region) on October 29, 2015; attempt to carry out a diversion at the arsenal of storage of missiles and ammunition (Balakley) with the help of UAV December 26, 2015 (dropping packages with incendiary mixture that could not be extinguished by ordinary fire extinguishing means); fire on the territory of the munitions field warehouse on February 18, 2016 of a military unit located near the settlement of Grodivka of Donetsk region (use by a UAV enemy, who in turn dropped the packet with incendiary mixture on the ammunition stack); the fire that occurred on February 17, 2016 as a result of the dropping of incendiary and fragmentation ammunition from the UAV over the rear control post of the military unit (Zaporizhzhia region, Kuibyshevsky district, Vershina village); fire that resulted from dropping explosive devices from UAVs on February 18, 2016 (Cherkasy village, Dnipropetrovsk region). The enemy still uses unmanned aerial vehicles to destroy the ammunition of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The system of storage of missiles and ammunition in field artillery depots is a set of forces and means, as well as measures of organizational, economic, legal, social and scientific-technical character, aimed at maintaining stable functioning and preventing explosions and fires and losses from them in storage sites and explosives.
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Nento, Novaldiyanto K., Bambang Panji Asmara, and Iskandar Zulkarnain Nasibu. "Rancang Bangun Alat Peringatan Dini Dan Informasi Lokasi Kebakaran Berbasis Arduino Uno." Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/jjeee.v3i1.8339.
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Bahaya kebakaran adalah bahaya yang diakibatkan oleh adanya ancaman potensial dan derajat terkena pancaran api sejak dari awal terjadi kebakaran hingga penjalaran api, asap dan gas yang ditimbulkan. Kebakaran adalah terjadinya api yang tidak dikehendaki. Proses informasi adanya kebakaran pada umumnya masih memakai cara manual, hal ini dilakukan karena belum memanfaatkan kecanggihan teknologi yang sekarang ini sangat berkembang pesat. Informasi kebakaran ini kurang cepat dan tepat khususnya pada satuan pemadam kebakaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem yang dapat digunakan untuk menginformasikan kebakaran dengan cepat beserta informasi lokasi pada tempat terjadinya kebakaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimen dan perancangan baik dalam pembuatan perangkat keras serta perangkat lunak pendukungnya. Perangkat kerasnya menggunakan sensor api, sensor asap dan sensor suhu, dan menginformasikan melalui modul GSM serta modul GPS untuk membaca koordinat lokasi kebakaran. Hasil dari perancangan alat peringatan dini dan informasi lokasi kebakaran berbasis arduino uno bekerja dengan baik. Pada alat pengirim, saat kondisi ada api, ada asap dan suhu diatas 50 derajat alat mengirimkan sms untuk menyalakan alat penerima dan sms link google maps lokasi kebakaran. Pada alat penerima, saat alat menerima sms dari alat pengirim, alat akan menyalakan buzzer. Alat bekerja sesuai dengan yang telah direncanakan dan bisa digunakan untuk mendeteksi adanya kebakaran. Fire hazard is a danger that is caused by the potential threat and the degree of exposure to fire from the start of a fire to the spread of fire, smoke, and the gas it causes. Fire is a fire incident that is not desired. In general, the information process for fires still uses the manual method, this is done because it has not taken advantage of the sophistication of technology which is now very rapidly developing. This fire information is not fast and accurate, especially for fire fighting units. The purpose of this research is to design a system that can be used to quickly inform fires along with location information at the scene of the fire. The method used in this research is the experimental method and design both in hardware and supporting software. The hardware uses fire sensors, smoke sensors, and temperature sensors, and informs via GSM module as well as the GPS module to read the coordinates of the fire location. The results of the design of early warning tools and fire location information based on Arduino Uno worked well. On the sending device, when there is a fire, there is smoke and the temperature is above 50 degrees, the device sends an SMS to the receiving device and the SMS link on the google maps location of the fire. On the receiving device, when the device receives an SMS from the sending device, the device will create a buzzer. The tool works as planned and can be used to check for fires.
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Bulgakov, V. V. "Business game as method of training of cadets of emercom." Vestnik of Minin University 8, no. 3 (September 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26795/2307-1281-2020-8-3-1.
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Introduction. Training cadets in educational institutions Of the state fire service of the EMERCOM of Russia to eliminate fires is an urgent task, the quality of which can be implemented using game forms of training.Materials and Methods. The implementation of game forms of learning is proposed in the form of a business game, for the development of which the main provisions of the theory of game and contextual learning were applied. The business game scenario implements didactic principles of problem-based and reflexive teaching methods.Results. To develop the methodology and scenario of the business game, to implement the training of cadets in the field of fire fighting and rescue operations, goals were formed, requirements for educational and methodological support and material and technical equipment were developed. The main goals are professional-pedagogical and game goals for the implementation of which an actual fire scenario is formed, accompanied by a complex situation that requires the participation of the entire list of staff and non-staff positions for its localization and subsequent elimination. The scenario of the business game includes 3 stages of its implementation, aimed at obtaining students ' knowledge and skills to work in specific positions of the fire and rescue division in the conditions of fire development and the impact of its hazards. The main tasks of the business game include the formation of skills of interaction between officials in the process of fire elimination, the ability to organize the work of subordinates and fire and rescue units, as well as gaining experience in analyzing their actions and the actions of participants in the business game to assess the positive and negative aspects of working together and achieving the set professional and educational goals.Discussion and Conclusions. The effectiveness of practical training in the form of a business game is due to the active immersion of students in a professional environment, accompanied by the emergence of additional game motivation and a high level of assimilation of students ' knowledge, skills and abilities in the formation of individual and group experience of joint activities in the extreme environment of a real fire.
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Roenko, V. V., T. I. Chistyakov, D. V. Tarakanov, and R. V. Khalikov. "Assessment of the electrical conductivity of thermally activated water jets containing injections of inhibiting salt used to extinguish electrical equipment at gas compressor stations." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/pvb.2021.30.01.64-74.
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Introduction. One of the main problems of fire extinguishing at gas compressor stations is fires in confined spaces where electrical installations can be under voltage. To extinguish these fires, the co-authors propose to use jets of thermally activated water containing salts that inhibit burning. It is necessary to assess the electrical conductivity of water jets to prevent the exposure of fire-fighting units to electrical injuries.Materials and methods. In the experimental study, the principal electricity measuring instrument is digital dc megaohmmeter M4122U, which takes readings if operated from a laptop. The flow rate was measured using IT 2518 measurement complex and TDR14–2–3 primary flow converter of the turbine type. Termit T-35 hardness converter performed electromagnetic water treatment.Theoretical fundamentals. Measurements of leakage currents in jets of thermally activated water, fed through fire nozzles mounted onto a multi-purpose fire truck, were taken, and the maximum permissible distance to an electrical installation was determined experimentally and analytically using an experimental stand.Results and discussions. Averaged values of resistance of a jet of thermally activated water fed from a long-range nozzle at control points do not leave the confidence corridor with a probability of 0.95, which means that they do not cause a significant change in dc resistance. Inhibiting salt, injected into the water, reduces the resistance of jets of thermally activated water by no more than 2–3 % compared to under-heated water. The treatment of the inhibiting salt, injected into the under-heated water, using Termit T-35 hardness converter, does not significantly change the resistance of thermally activated water jets.Conclusions. It is theoretically and experimentally proved that the injection of inhibiting salts into the underheated water, as well as the electromagnetic treatment of water using low-power stiffness converters, do not significantly affect the electrical conductivity of jets of thermally activated water if compared to jets that contain no inhibiting admixtures. The extinguishing of surfaces of electrical installations using jets of thermally activated water containing flame inhibiting injections of salts, as well as the development of an inerting concentration in confined spaces of gas compressor stations is electrically safe for any person engaged in fire extinguishing.
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Nikulin, A., A. Kodryk, O. Titenko, and V. Prysiazhniuk. "Development of an experimental laboratory sample of foam extinguishing system using compressed air (CAFS)." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2018.2.4-9.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of known structures of foam generating systems with compressed air, as well as the results of research on operational experiments, tests and research of systems carried out abroad, allowed to formulate basic principle requirements to technological and constructive parameters of foam generating systems with compressed air.
The general trend in the design of various structures, especially complex, built on the internal interaction of individual structural units – is the development of a mathematical model, preceding a constructive solution and often is the calculated basis for them. The created mathematical model of the process of foaming made it possible to determine the dependence of the quality of the foam obtained on the structural and technological parameters. On the basis of the developed mathematical model of foaming, a principal scheme of the process is proposed and a small-sized test facility is created for studying the possibilities of obtaining a compression foam according to the proposed scheme. The peculiarities of the work are an attempt to obtain compression foam according to the proposed scheme with the use of domestic general purpose foam generators using the modernized existing portable fire extinguishing equipment, which is at the disposal of fire units of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of development of small-sized mobile and portable plants, which can be used as an addition to existing fire-fighting equipment. During the experiments, the variables were the brands and concentrations of foam generators, the magnitude of air pressure in the system, and the ratio of water to air. The dependence of the quality of the foam on the change in pressure on the outlet nozzle was established, therefore, during each experiment it was controlled and maintained constant during its conduct. As a result of previous tests, the possibility of obtaining a compression foam according to the proposed scheme with the use of synthetic domestic general purpose foam generators with the use of existing fire equipment has been confirmed. The following are ways of developing work.
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Budykina, T. A., and E. B. Anosova. "Study of the Behavior of the Fire-Retardant Seals Under Thermal Exposure." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 8 (August 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-8-52-57.
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The results are presented concerning the experimental studies of the behavior of fire-retardant seals produced by the Ogneza group of companies under thermal exposure up to 1000 °C, obtained by the method of synchronous thermal analysis (thermogravimetry together with the differential scanning calorimetry). Incombustible properties of the M-СORE (NG) seal were confirmed, which showed a decrease in the mass of the material when heated to 1000 °C by 11%, which is due to the mineral composition of the sample (a silica-based material). High thermal stability was shown by the fire-fighting seal M-CORE, the decrease in the mass of the sample of which, after reaching a temperature of 555 °C, stops at 37 %, which indicates the formation of an ash residue. Thermal sealing tape LTU, as a result of the temperature heating starting from a mark of 192 °C, uniformly was losing mass up to a total value of 82 %. The experiment established the sealant swelling. According to the experimental data obtained, the samples M-CORE (NG) confirmed the fire-retardant properties declared by the manufacturer. For the selection of heat-resistant materials that can withstand significant temperature loads during the operation of units and mechanisms, for electrical and thermal insulation, for fire protection of air ducts, equipment, structures, the advantages, and reliability of these seals are obvious. The results of the study (the temperature of the beginning of an intensive decrease in mass, the temperature of the onset of thermal effects accompanying a decrease in mass, the behavior of materials under thermal exposure) can be considered when designing heat and electrical insulation, fire protection of production processes, as well as when determining the level of fire risk of the production facilities.
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Krupka, Yaroslav, Marina KRALYuK, Viktor KOSTENKO, Olena ZAVIALOVA, and Tetiana KOSTENKO. "DETERMINATION OF FORCES AND MEANS OF RESCUE MINING RESCUE." Geoengineering, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.5.2021.226930.
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Purpose. The purpose of this article is to study the conditions for achieving high results of operational actions of rescue services and quality management, which will allow timely and correct choice of methods, forces and means of firefighting in coal mines and carry out operational maneuvers depending on the type of fire (exogenous, endogenous). places of origin of combustion centers, its scale, gas situation, number of people captured by the accident and their places of residence, etc. Methodology. During the research, to solve the tasks, the complex used general and special methods, in particular: methods of induction (at the stage of collecting, systematizing and processing information for research) and deduction (in the process of theoretical understanding of the problem), system-analytical , comparative analysis, method of analysis of definitions; economic analysis, possibilities of economic cybernetics and the theory of optimal management in the development of tactics for mining operations, etc. Findings. Economic and mathematical model of rational rescue operations in firefighting differs in that for the first time their management is considered as an economic category, and the process of emergency response and their consequences is presented as an extreme (optimization) problem, which is solved using computational experiments and engineering analysis. An algorithm for solving the extreme problem of optimizing the forces and means of rescue units, based on the fact that the arguments of integral objective functions are not control parameters, but related to the latter determined mathematical model. Methods of calculations in mining, including those used to ensure optimal organization of rescue operations, need to be improved to improve accuracy and simplify their algorithmization in order to reduce the share of manual calculations in mathematical models. Originality. For the first time, on the basis of general methodical provisions of the theory of optimal management integrated quality criteria and on their basis economic and mathematical model of rational conducting of rescue works on liquidation of difficult underground fires are developed. Practical implications. Economic and mathematical model of rational rescue operations will allow timely and correct selection of methods, forces and means of fire fighting in coal mines, minimize economic losses, increase the efficiency and safety of emergency response. Keywords: accident, coal mine, mining works, integrated quality criteria, fire, economic-mathematical model.
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Логинов, Владимир Иванович, Сергей Михайлович Ртищев, Михаил Валерьевич Илеменов, Андрей Иванович Ермолаев, and Владимир Николаевич Козырев. "Protection of emergency hydraulic structures made of soft water-filled dams from mechanical damage by moving in water objects." Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, no. 4(101) (December 7, 2020): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2020.101.4.011.
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Проанализированы различные способы и технологии защиты аварийных гидротехнических сооружений из мягких водоналивных дамб, используемых подразделениями МЧС России для борьбы с опасными гидрологическими явлениями. Сделан вывод о том, что все они либо не в полной мере обеспечивают защиту дамб, либо их применение подразумевает большие временные и экономические затраты при недостаточной эффективности. Описывается способ и технология защиты дамб с применением рукавов пожарных напорных, входящих в комплект дамбы для наполнения ее водой. Рукава при заполнении их воздухом обладают положительной (при необходимости переменной) плавучестью. Их нормативная длина, применяемые материалы, физико-механические свойства и конструктивные особенности позволяют использовать рукава в качестве защитного барьера, для предохранения дамб от механических повреждений. The use of soft water-filled dams as emergency water protection structures is quite effective for combating and eliminating the consequences of hazardous hydrological phenomena. They are widely used for these purposes by units of EMERCOM of Russia. The dams are made of various materials with a polymer film coating applied on a fabric base. The practical use of dams has shown that one of the problems arising in this case is to ensure their protection from mechanical damage caused by the dynamic pressure of solid objects moving throughout the water - boards, logs, fragments of wooden or plastic building structures. The methods and technologies of dam protection analyzed in the article are either insufficiently effective or require a lot of time, labor and financial expenses. In the process of developing a water-filled protective dam of a new design for the needs of EMERCOM of Russia there was proposed a method of its protection from physical and mechanical effects by using fire pressure hoses included in the dam kit as a protective barrier. When filling with air the hoses, hermetically connected by means of hose heads in a line, have positive (and, if necessary, variable) buoyancy, which is confirmed by the calculations performed. It is possible to fasten the hoses to the dam in various ways, by means of the structural elements of the dam or with use of the devices and accessories included in its kit. The standard length of one fire-fighting hose is 20 m, which is either equal or multiple of the length of one dam module. The design of the fire pressure hoses as well as materials used at their manufacture ensure a sufficiently tight fit of the hose to the body of the dam in spite of bends and deformations caused by water pressure. The power frame of the pressure fire hose of a dense weaving, made of high-strength threads, and an external polymer coating, have sufficient strength under external physical and mechanical influences. The use of fire hoses as protection of soft water-filled dams does not require additional financial costs. Fire pressure hoses can be used to protect other objects in the water during hazardous hydrological events in the area of possible movement of various solid objects.
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Sednev, V. A. "Improving the security at the facilities of the airport complex in case of an emergency and carrying out emergency rescue operations." Technology of technosphere safety 90 (2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2020.4.90.49-61.
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Introduction. The most dangerous emergency situation at the airport is an accident with human casualties, that is, a plane crash. It can occur on the territory of the airport, in its vicinity, as a result of take-off or landing of an aircraft. The consequences of aviation emergencies show that when a plane crash occurs in the area of responsibility of the airport, there is a death of passengers in 85 % of cases. At the same time, it is possible to increase the survival rate of people with a timely response to a plane crash. However, if an airport infrastructure facility may be affected in a significant way as a result of an emergency, the work to eliminate the consequences of the initial emergency event is supplemented by work on the new situation that has arisen. At the same time, a characteristic feature of an aviation emergency is a large number of options for the development of the situation and actions. This requires constant adjustment of measures to ensure the safety of the airport complex, the protection of passengers (people) and infrastructure within the airport, as well as the organization of its emergency and fire protection. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of planning, organizing and conducting individual activities and their complex for the protection of people and infrastructure in an emergency situation at the airport, and in general, organizing emergency rescue operations at the airport complex facilities in an emergency. Research methods. To obtain the results, we used general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, namely, analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the general provisions of systems theory, operations research, and information theory. The results of the study. Proposals for organizing fire-fighting and emergency rescue operations at airport infrastructure facilities, safety requirements for service, fire extinguishing and emergency rescue operations at the airport, and reducing the impact of damaging factors of an emergency situation at the airport are substantiated, as well as an economic assessment of the consequences of safety violations and flight regularity. Conclusion. Taking into account the provisions reviewed will generally improve security management of the airport complex, and additional activities will enable better management of emergency rescue forces and facilities. Key words: airport, danger, emergency, consequences, tasks of emergency rescue units, organization, management.
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Glenn, Floyd, James Hicinbothom, Stanley Schwartz, Ken Smith, and Eric Heilman. "A User Interface for a Battlefield Distributed Information System." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 5 (October 1989): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903300523.
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This effort was conducted to redesign and improve the user interface for the Distributed Fact Base (DFB) component of the Army's Smart Weapon System / Information Distribution System (SWS/IDS), which is being initially developed to support battlefield fire control for fighting echelons up to the brigade level. The SWS/IDS consists of multiple clusters of powerful workstations that are networked together over low-speed radio links. The IDS manages the efficient updating and interrogating of nodes of the DFB so as to maximize system performance within communication channel capacity limits, thereby minimizing the amount of information exchange among battlefield units. The user interfaces address the distributed character of both the information and the decision processes as well as the essential complexity of the knowledge domain. Interface design is being accomplished using a general design methodology for distributed intelligent systems that entails systematic consideration of system and user objectives, cognitive capabilities and limitations of the user, and available technology options. An object-oriented approach was used for developing an enhanced interface for map, chart, and list applications using newly devised interface design tools known as Object-Action Specification Tables (OASTs) and an Object-Action Specification Language (OASL). The OASTs are tables that indicate which actions can be performed on which display and control objects and which control objects can perform which actions on other objects. Wherever an object-action combination is feasible, an entry in OASL indicates how the action is accomplished (e.g., by selection of pull-right menu item; mouse-button click with mouse cursor on screen icon; etc.).
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Rormark, Aage. "Principles of Immediate Disaster Management in Aeroplane Disasters Outside Airports." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 2 (1985): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065110.
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The speedy development of disaster medicine has made intensive care on accident sites possible for everyday use. This prehospital care Has proved to be an indispensable, life-preserving work. It does, however, require having qualified medical and technical help brought to the site of disasters in reasonable time, and the ability to bring patients back in properly equipped units, supervised by paramedic staff, to ready and well run hospitals which are able to carry on the treatment and secure the results already obtained.Rescue work associated with air crashes must be of high interest to all nations, as air traffic is global and a European traveller may easily get into trouble in a wilderness in another part of the world. Through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) membership, nations are bound by means of international regulations, to contribute to security in the air and supervision of planes in their own area, and to co-operate with the FIR-system in adjoining areas. This system contributes to a better chance of detection of an aeroplane in difficulties, but the rescue problem will have to be solved by the existing and available national military and civil rescue service, its organization, material, education, medical preparedness and disaster plans.Statistics reveals that about 50% of all crashes take place in landing procedures, some of them occurring just outside the airport. To these must be added collisions en route and cases of sabotage. Most crashes at take-off happen so near the airport that there will be no problems of detection, and help in fire-fighting will be available from the airport, if necessary.
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Ratushnyi, R., A. Тryhuba, P. Chmiel, O. Smotr, and O. Prydatko. "PROJECT-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT PECULIARITIES OF TRANSBORDER OPERATIONAL RESCUE UNITS." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 19 (August 5, 2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.19.2019.05.
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Introduction. Effective activity on transborder territories of the nearby states envisages the observance of the proper strength security both on border crossings and in building and premises located on the both sides of the border. Indisputa-bly, location of buildings and their amount is differed within the limits of those or other border crossings. Besides, active public activity on a border is changeable in time. Sufficient strength of this process security is supported by the rescue units provided with the proper amount of personnel and equipment. Transborder emergencies often happen. In most cases rescue units of one state do not have a necessary amount of own forces and facilities. It predetermines the necessity of employing the additional forces and facilities from other state. Obviously, it determines a necessity of realization the projects of crea-tion of transborder rescue units. Their realization requires attraction of additional backlogs and taking into account a turbu-lent project environment, that, in turn, needs the development of projects dealing with creation and functioning of inter-governmental rescue units. Their realization needs the use of the system approach to the management with taking into account of specific of project environment. In particular, realization of projects of creation and functioning of transborder rescue units needs the concordance of operating intergovernmental legislatively-normative acts. Thus there is a row of administrative tasks on each of the stages of such projects’ lifecycles. Thus, in the conditions, when the amount and the scales of technogenic catastrophes on transborder territories increase, realization of projects of creation and functioning of transborder rescue units is the very actual task of present time and there is a necessity of development of models and meth-ods of the project-oriented management for creation and functioning of intergovernmental rescue units.Aim. It is the purpose of argumentation the features of the project-oriented management as the basis of develop-ment of methods and models of corresponding projects frames activity realization.Methods. Studies are conducted with the use of methods and models of the project-oriented management in rela-tion to the dual fire-fighting system.Results. In the article the problem of development of models and methods of the project-oriented management dealing with creation and functioning of transborder rescue units is outlined in the process of realization of corresponding60 Вісник ЛДУБЖД, №19, 2019projects. For the decision of the outlined problem a conceptually new schema of intercommunications in the projects of rescue units creation was offered:– core of project, which consists of transborder projects of technogenic safety on the transborder territories, devel-opment of scientific innovations in the civil defence, cooperation of rescue units and government bodies. In general the internal environment of the project of creation of rescue unit will include such constituents as:– financing mechanism of the project (the main point here is the project budget, costs for the control and preven-tion of emergencies in the transborder areas, management of rescue units, which is characterized by a team of trained, skilled workers); social status (defined by providing standard living conditions for all participants involved in the pro-ject, including social security, wage provision, and rest conditions); authorities of neighboring states (providing various support to all project participants on the part of the leadership of both states); information system and control system (compliance with control and fulfillment of all tasks assigned to the project).It is established that the project of creation of transborder rescue units contains components that can be imple-mented as separate sub-projects. Preferably there can be four such sub-projects:- the project of attracting additional internal forces and means;- the project of attracting additional internal forces and facilities at the border of the neighboring state;- the project of attracting additional internal forces and means of the neighboring state;- the project of attracting additional internal forces and means of several states.Conclusions. According to the results of the work, the following conclusions can be drawn:1. The analysis of the structure works projects establishment and operation of cross-border operational and rescue units made it possible to highlight the defining components that affect the efficiency of relevant projects and reduce time to implement them (duration emergency situations).2. It is established that the efficiency of cross-border projects of the rescue units creation is derived from the ap-proval process of interaction and professionalism of both countries, as well as project design and their turbulent project environment.3. The results of the studies are the basis of development and improvement of models and methods of project man-agement dealing with creation and functioning of transborder rescue units, which should be based on modeling their ac-tions and predicting turbulent project environment.
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Dachkovskyi, Vоlodymyr. "Methodology of explanation of tactical and technical requirements for means of evacuation of weapons and military equipment." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.3.9.
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The main impact force of ground troops is the hard weapons and military equipment, that is why the loss of one of them is always painful for any army in the world The basic combat weapons and military equipment (high-precision samples of weapons and military equipment) are too expensive to destroy damaged vehicles or leave them on the battlefield. Realizing this, the special vehicles were created for the evacuation of this type of weapons and military equipment – armored repair and evacuation vehicle, which are designed to evacuate from the battlefield damaged and stuck tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery system and other units of equipment, even out of the probable enemy fire.
Taking into account the analysis of the development of evacuation means which are in the service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the armed forces of the leading countries of the world, in this work the method of substantiation of tactical and technical requirements for means of evacuation of damaged weapons and military equipment is proposed. The essence of this method is to distribute the means of evacuation by mass and size, by type of mover, by the method of moving the damaged sample, by the level of application.
The formation of requirements is aimed at the transition of evacuation means and basic models of weapons and military equipment to unified basic platforms of the modular type. The implementation of these platforms will make it possible to install various types of special modules of evacuation means (material-handling, load-lifting, etc.) and modules of samples of weapons and special equipment.
The application of this metodology will provide an opportunity to obtain technical outlines of evacuation tools for different levels of the hierarchy, taking into account the scope of tasks assigned to them.