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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire-protective material'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Serhii, Novak, Drizhd Varvara, Dobrostan Oleksandr, and Maladyka Larisa. "INFLUENCE OF TESTING SAMPLES' PARAMETERS ON THE RESULTS OF EVALUATING THE FIREPROTECTIVE CAPABILITY OF MATERIALS." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 10 (98) (2019): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.164743.

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Test methods given in EN 13381-4:2013 and EN 13381-8:2013 standards serve to assess the fire-protective capacity of materials for steel structures. The results of the tests determine data on minimum thickness of fire-protective materials used further in design of steel structures. The tests are very time consuming. They require significant costs for creation of standardized samples and conduction of tests. At the same time, there are methods, which propose to use samples of reduced sizes and of other shapes than sizes and shapes of standardized samples. There is an actual question about possib

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2

Chernukha, Anton, Andrii Chernukha, Pavlo Kovalov, and Alexander Savchenko. "Thermodynamic Study of Fire-Protective Material." Materials Science Forum 1038 (July 13, 2021): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1038.486.

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The paper considers the material for the protective coating of building structures made of wood. The possibility of chemical processes occurring in the material leading to its expansion has been studied. The coefficient of expansion of the material when heated is practically established. It has been established that the material can swell, both under the influence of flame and when the temperature rises at a low speed. Swelling coefficient at the same time it reaches 8. The temperature range of swelling is 150–250 С, which is confirmed by thermodynamic calculations and experimentally. The tem

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3

Zhang, Hua, Yan Gao, Zhong Qiang Wang, Mei Tong, and Jie Zhang. "The Influence of Matching Flameresistant Materials on the Thermal Protective Performance of Firefighter Uniform." Advanced Materials Research 1052 (October 2014): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.547.

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Firefighter uniform made of various flame retardant materials is put as the object. Analyzing the thermal protective performance of different composite structures covering outer fabrics, lagging materials and comfortable layer materials, discuss the best combination of supporting structures. Adoption flash fire simulation, verify the integrated prevention ability of firefighter uniform. The matching of different levels has a significant impact on the thermal protective performance, first the outer layer, then comfortable layer and thermal protective coating. Although inherent fire resistant fi

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4

Tsapko, Yuriy, Roman Vasylyshyn, Oleksandr Melnyk, Vasyl Lomaha, Аleksii Tsapko, and Olga Bondarenko. "Regularities in the washing out of water-soluble phosphorus-ammonium salts from the fire-protective coatings of timber through a polyurethane shell." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 10 (110) (2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.229458.

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The analysis of fire-protective materials for wooden building structures was carried out and the need to develop reliable methods for studying the process of washing out fire retardants from the surface of the building structure, which is necessary for the creation of new types of fire-protective materials, was established. That is why there arises a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for washing out and to establish a mechanism for inhibition of moisture transmission to the material. In this regard, a mathematical model was built of washing out fire retardants usi

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Yuriy, Tsapko, Vasylyshyn Roman, Melnyk Oleksandr, Lomaha Vasyl, Tsapko Аleksii, and Bondarenko Olga. "Regularities in the washing out of water-soluble phosphorus-ammonium salts from the fire-protective coatings of timber through a polyurethane shell." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 10(110) (2021): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.229458.

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The analysis of fire-protective materials for wooden building structures was carried out and the need to develop reliable methods for studying the process of washing out fire retardants from the surface of the building structure, which is necessary for the creation of new types of fire-protective materials, was established. That is why there arises a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for washing out and to establish a mechanism for inhibition of moisture transmission to the material. In this regard, a mathematical model was built of washing out fire retardants usi

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6

Reva, O. V., V. V. Bogdanova, Z. V. Shukelo, and O. I. Kobets. "Providing water resistance of surface fire protec- tion of polyester textile materials of various density by treatment with inorganic compositions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series 70, no. 2 (2025): 111–23. https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2025-70-2-111-123.

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Formulations of inorganic phosphorus-halogen-containing fire-retardant compositions and technology of surface treatment of polyester fabric materials of various densities with them, providing a long-term water-resistant fire-protective effect, have been developed. For implementation the chemical interaction between the surface of the polyester material and the fire-retardant system, preliminary activation of the substrate was carried out and a number of modifiers were introduced into the fire-retardant composition. Electron microscopic studies have shown that chemisorption of components of the

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7

LOBODA, E. L., T. I. MEDVEDEVA, and D. P. KASYMOV. "STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN WOOD-BASED BUILDING MATERIALS UNDER EXPOSURE TO RADIANT HEAT FLUX." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika 68, no. 3 (2025): 47–53. https://doi.org/10.17223/00213411/68/3/6.

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The paper presents the results of experimental infrared thermographic studies on the thermal impact of radiant heat flow on some wood-containing building materials (particleboard, oriented strand board, plywood), including the use of fire-protective compounds. Thermograms and temperature profiles across the thickness of the samples are provided. The temperatures at the onset of endothermic and exothermic reactions inside the material, the depth of the exothermic reaction zone, and its propagation rate were determined. The experimental data offer insight into the physical and chemical processes

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8

Aldebenev, Nikolay S., Ivan R. Toneev, Elena S. Zhuravleva, and Dmitry A. Demoretsky. "Development of active heat-protective materials for information-measuring devices and systems experiencing thermal loads in emergency situations." Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Technical Sciences Series 30, no. 4 (2023): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14498/tech.2022.4.5.

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The article deals with the problem of creating a t-protective coating for information-measuring devices and systems for various purposes exposed to external high-temperature exposure in emergency situations related to fire. As a solution to the problem, it is proposed to use thermal-protective materials containing active additives that provide a thermal-protective effect that promotes the refraction of heat flows aimed at heating the protected object. The heat-shielding effect is provided by an endothermic reaction that occurs in the material when the decomposition temperature of the selected

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9

Tsapko, Yu, O. Bondarenko, O. Tsapko, A. Gorbachova, S. Mazurchuk, and D. Zherebchuk. "Functional assignment of technological accessories for woodworking." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 1, no. 51 (2023): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2023.51(1).206-217.

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Forming a heat and sound insulation board from wood using non-combustible binders can increase the fire protection of the material by forming a protective layer of coke. This will make it possible to develop a new type of fireproof roofing products for building structures. It is not always advisable to treat the surface of a heat and sound insulation board with fireproof coatings, since after prolonged thermal exposure, the combustion stage can be transferred to the interior of the material by smoldering. Therefore, the manufacture of fire-resistant heat- and sound-insulating wood materials, t

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10

Reva, Olga Vladimirovna, Nikolai Mikhailovich Dmitrakovich, and Evgeny Vladimirovich Matskevich. "Development of composite fire-resistant light-reflective materials on a textile basis and testing of their properties." Technology of technosphere safety, no. 101 (2023): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2023.3.101.8-24.

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Introduction. At present, a large set of requirements is imposed on protective clothing, which is difficult to achieve for a single material and is implemented in a multilayer composite product on a textile basis. One of the promising ways to obtain heat-reflecting fabrics is the application of a plastic heat-resistant polymer layer, either containing metal particles, or subsequently metallized, to a fire-resistant or fire-resistant textile material. In addition, there are a number of problems in complex testing of the obtained composites, which do not meet the characteristics of both textile

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11

Tsapko, Yu, O. Bondarenko, and А. Tsapko. "THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROPHOBIC COATING ON THE EFFICIENCY OF FIRE PROTECTION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 85 (December 28, 2021): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2021-85-119-127.

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Abstract. The analysis of fire-retardant materials for fabrics is carried out and it is established that the paucity of data for explanation and description of the process of fire protection, neglect of elastic coatings, leads to ignition of fabric structures under the action of flame. The development of reliable methods for studying the conditions of fire protection of fabrics leads to the creation of new types of fire protective materials. Therefore, it becomes necessary to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier both for high temperatures and for leaching in the presence of

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12

Kwon, In Kyu. "Analytic Study of Structural Stability for H-Section Column Made of Submarine Structural Steels Based on Boundary Conditions and Column Lengths at High Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.367.

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Structural steels require performance, such as structural performance, constructional one, and fire performance as an efficient constructional material. However, structural steels have a fundamental weakness in a fire and need to improve constructional performance of welding which resulted in the development submarine structural steels, such as SM 400, SM 490, and SM 520. Their yield strengths are the same as general structural steels, but the weldability was better. Therefore, the application of submarine structural steels increases in steel building market annually. However, the fire resista

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13

Jamnam, Sittisak, Gritsada Sua-iam, Buchit Maho, et al. "Use of Cement Mortar Incorporating Superabsorbent Polymer as a Passive Fire-Protective Layer." Polymers 14, no. 23 (2022): 5266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235266.

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Concrete structures, when exposed to fire or high temperatures for a certain time, could suffer partial damage or complete structural failure. Passive fire-protective coating materials are an alternative way to prevent or delay damage to concrete structures resulting from fire. Superabsorbent polymer (SP) is a synthetic material known for its ability to absorb and retain a large volume of water within itself. With this unique property, the SP exhibits great potential for use as a passive fire protection material. Although several studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of SP as

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14

Ustinov, A., and Eugene Pitukhin. "Improving the Efficiency of Protection of the Forest Fire Machine against Forest Fires with the Help of Composite Materials." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.700.

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The article presents the results of work aimed at improving the efficiency of forest fire protection machine from forest fires using composite materials. The composition and technology of composite material “water glass – graphite microparticles” production is proposed. It was found that composite material is able to maintain the phase composition and structure at elevated temperatures. Methods of application of fire-retardant composite material on the protected surfaces are considered. The values of limit loads that lead to the destruction of composite material are revealed. A mathematical mo

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15

Zubkova, N. S., and N. I. Konstantinova. "Specific Features of Materials Selection for Special Protective Clothing for Metallurgical Industry Employees." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 2 (February 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-2-29-35.

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The existing technical requirements for protective clothing of the employees of metallurgical enterprises are very general and do not consider the full variety of hazardous factors of industries in this area. Metallurgist special clothing should not only reliably protect against fire and heat exposure, but also provide for comfortable work environment. Methodology and criteria for assessment of the fabric thermal resistance, which are the basis for the requirements of metallurgist protective clothing, do not fully consider the real thermal and fire loads on the material of the protective suits

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16

Ji, Yao, Xin Tang Wang, Ming Zhou, and Wan Zhen Wang. "Experimental Study of Post-Fire Bearing Capacity of the Circular Steel Tubes with Different Fire-Resistant Coating." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.749.

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In order to look into the causes of fire response and post-fire bearing capacity of the steel tubular columns protected with different materials, the fire test was conducted for a set of circular steel tubes protected with different materials such as gypsum fireproof panel, bamboo plywood and the ordinary lumber core plywood, and the steel tube without any protective material. The fire response temperature of surface of steel tubes is measured and the axial compressive bearing capacity of the specimens after fire are tested and analyzed. The test results show that gypsum fireproof panel has th

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17

Yuriy, Tsapko, Tsapko Оleksii, and Bondarenko Olga. "DETERMINATION OF THE LAWS OF THERMAL RESISTANCE OF WOOD IN APPLICATION OF FIRE-RETARDANT FABRIC COATINGS." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 10 (104) (2020): 13–18. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.200467.

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The creation of environmentally safe fire-retardant materials for wooden building structures will allow influencing the processes of heat resistance and physicochemical properties of the protective coating during its service life. Therefore, there is a need to study the conditions for forming a barrier to thermal conductivity and determine a mechanism of inhibiting heat transfer to the material. In this regard, a mathematical model of the thermal conductivity process when using fire-retardant fabric as a coating is developed, the solution of which allows obtaining changes in the thermal conduc

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18

Tsapko, Yu, А. Tsapko, O. Bondarenko, and V. Lomaha. "OPTIMIZATION OF INORGANIC COMPONENTS OF FIRE PROTECTIVE VARNISH FOR WOOD." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 82 (March 4, 2021): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2021-82-123-132.

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Abstract. The processes of creation of fire-retardant varnish for wood consisting of a mixture of inorganic and polymeric substances are investigated in the work. It is established that the optimization of the inorganic component leads to a directional ratio of mineral acids and urea capable of effective fire protection of the material. Studies have shown that at the initial temperature of gaseous combustion products T = 68 °C, when exposed to the radiation panel, the untreated sample ignited after 146 s, the flame spread over the entire surface, instead, the sample fire-protected varnish did

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19

Palchykov, Roman, Yaroslav Ballo, Vadym Nizhnyk, et al. "Substantiating the parametric temperature mode during a fire on transformers placed inside protective structures." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 10 (132) (2024): 37–45. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.317332.

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The object of this study was the change in temperature during a fire on transformers located in protective structures. Investigating the change in temperature during a fire on transformers located in protective structures is one of the priority tasks for protecting the economy and national security of the country. The studies solved the problem of fire resistance of the enclosing structures of protective structures in which the transformer is located. The fire resistance of enclosing structures has been confirmed by meeting the conditions related, in particular, to the calculated value of the

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20

Sharshanov, Andrey, Olena Tarakhno, Atabala M. Babayev, and Olga Skorodumova. "Mathematical Modeling of the Protective Effect of Ethyl Silicate Gel Coating on Textile Materials under Conditions of Constant or Dynamic Thermal Exposure." Key Engineering Materials 927 (July 29, 2022): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-8t33rc.

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The influence of the process of fire-retardant coating on textiles on the degree of fire protection of cotton and blended fabrics is investigated. Physical-chemical properties of impregnated samples of textile materials depending on the composition of ethyl silicate hydrolysates, concentration and content of diammonium hydrogen phosphate on fire resistance of impregnated samples, time of onset destruction and area of charring of samples after fire tests are analyzed. The obtained experimental data showed the need to build a mathematical model of the protective action of the gel coating based o

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21

McCarthy, Lee K., and Marino di Marzo. "The Application of Phase Change Material in Fire Fighter Protective Clothing." Fire Technology 48, no. 4 (2011): 841–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-011-0248-3.

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22

Wu, Chuansong. "Application of A New Firefighter Protective Clothing Material in Fire Rescue." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 612 (October 19, 2019): 032009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/612/3/032009.

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Gravit, M. V., and E. S. Nedviga,. "Protective coating of steel structures from cryogenic effects based on cement slabs." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 28, no. 3 (2024): 69–81. https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2024-28-3-69-81.

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Purpose of research. The use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an energy carrier is expanding annually. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze the regulatory requirements for the structure protection from the cryogenic liquid spill such as LNG. The article also evaluates the ability of fireprotective materials to resist not only hightemperature influences, but also low-temperature ones.Methods. The article discusses the main methods of material testings to counteract the cryogenic liquid spill and the possibility of using fireprotective products as cryoprotective materials. The r

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Barry, James J., Principal Engineer, and Roger W. Hill. "Computational Modeling of Protective Clothing." International Nonwovens Journal os-12, no. 3 (2003): 1558925003os—12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925003os-1200310.

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Models based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have been developed to predict the performance of chemical and steam/fire protective clothing. The software computes the diffusive and convective transport of heat and gases/vapors; capillary transport of liquids; vapor and liquid sorption phenomena and phase change; and the variable properties of the various clothing layers. It can also model the effects of sweating and humidity transport to help assess the thermal stress imposed on the wearer of the clothing. Specialized geometry/grid representations of clothed humans have been created for p

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Ustinov, Anton, Eugene Pitukhin, and Alexander Pitukhin. "Research of Thermal Stability and Fire-Resistance Properties of the Composite Material “Water Glass-Graphite Microparticles”." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.27.

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The properties of “water glass – graphite microparticles” composite material (CM) have been researched and qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of the CM structure has been done. Experimental samples of the CM with filler particles (graphite) and a few micrometers in size have been studied with X–ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Fire–resistance test of the composition has been conducted. Fire–resistance limit for the test samples of composite material is determined by the loss of its insulating ability (I). Fire–resistance limit I15 equal to 15 minutes has been obtained in accor

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Kablov, Victor F., Oksana M. Novopoltseva, Daria A. Kryukova, Natalia A. Keibal, Vladimir Burmistrov, and Vladimir G. Kochetkov. "Functionally Active Microheterogeneous Systems for Elastomer Fire- and Heat-Protective Materials." Molecules 28, no. 13 (2023): 5267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135267.

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Elastomeric materials are utilized for the short-term protection of products and structures operating under extreme conditions in the aerospace, marine, and oil and gas industries. This research aims to study the influence of functionally active structures on the physical, mechanical, thermophysical, and fire- and heat-protective characteristics of elastomer compositions. The physical and mechanical properties of elastomer samples were determined using Shimazu AG-Xplus, while morphological research into microheterogeneous systems and coke structures was carried out on a scanning electronic mic

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27

Hill, Roger W., and James J. Barry. "New Developments in the Assessment of Protective Fabrics using Computational Models." International Nonwovens Journal os-13, no. 4 (2004): 1558925004os—13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925004os-1300404.

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Advances continue in the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for predicting the performance of fabrics, especially those used for chemical and steam/fire protective clothing. In this CFD modeling approach, solution of transport equations determines diffusive and convective transport of heat and gases/vapors; capillary transport of liquids; vapor and liquid sorption phenomena and phase change; and the variable properties of various fabric materials. Models employing the approach have been developed ranging from simplified representations of air flow over a 2-D clothed human arm or test fa

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28

Wang, Liantie, Dandan Li, and Chen Guo. "Technical Appraisal Method of Circuit Breaker Material Evidence in Fire." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2468, no. 1 (2023): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2468/1/012059.

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Abstract Circuit breaker is an important electrical control on and off in the electrical line, which refers to the switch device that can close, load and break the current under normal loop conditions, and can close, load and break the current under abnormal loop conditions in the specified time. Circuit breakers are divided into high voltage circuit breakers and low voltage circuit breakers according to their range of use. Low voltage circuit breakers are common to molded case circuit breakers. Play a protective role in the safety of electrical lines and electrical appliances. When a fire occ

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Tsapko, Yu, O. Bondarenko, А. Tsapko, A. Yu Gorbachova, S. N. Mazurchuk, and D. Zherebchuk. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF FLOATING COATING FOR FIRE PROTECTION OF WOODEN BUILDINGS." Modern construction and architecture, no. 3 (March 30, 2023): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2786-6696-2023-3-49-60.

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The analysis of fire-resistant materials for wooden building structures was carried out and the need for the development of reliable means of protection to inhibit the ignition process and the spread of flame on the surface of the building structure was established. Therefore, there is a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for thermal conductivity and to establish a mechanism for inhibiting the transfer of heat to the material. According to experimental data, it was established that the untreated sample ignited for 52 s, the flame spread throughout the sample within

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Parry, David J., and Russell A. Carter. "Ceeprce: Unique Fire Barrier from a Versatile Filler." Cellular Polymers 9, no. 3 (1990): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939000900302.

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ICI have launched a new versatile additive for plastics, coatings, adhesives and sealants. Ceepree* fire barrier filler, unlike conventional flame retardants, increases the fire resistance of materials by virtue of its unique composition of powdered specially-designed glasses. Ceepree melts over a wide temperature range (350–900°C) to encapsulate and fuse with combustible material, char, reinforcing fibres and other fillers. In this way Ceepree confers in situ integrity, crystallinity and high temperature strength up to 1100°C which protects against the thermal degradation of plastics and othe

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Рева, О. В., В. В. Богданова та Д. В. Криваль. "Светоотражающие огнезащитные композитные слои на оксодиазольной текстильной подложке". Актуальные проблемы безопасности в техносфере, № 4(16) (23 грудня 2024): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.34987/2712-9233.2024.52.42.005.

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В статье представлены результаты исследований по разработке новых композитных материалов для защитной одежды пожарных, обладающих улучшенными тепло- и светоотражающими свойствами. Выявлены оптимальные условия каждой из стадий ступенчатого создания на оксодиазольной ткани огнестойкого светоотражающего композитного слоя для защитной одежды. Экспериментальные данные подтверждают высокую эффективность предложенной двухстадийной обработки, обеспечивающей устойчивость к тепловому потоку и огню, а также улучшение механических характеристик материала. The article presents the results of research on th

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Han, Song Hee, Sung Eun Cha, Mina Jang, and Chun Geun Kwon. "A Study on Establishing Criteria for Evaluating the Flame Retardant Performance of Forest Fire Protective Clothing." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 20, no. 3 (2024): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2024.20.3.79.

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In this study, we conducted research on the evaluation criteria for the fire-retardant and flame-retardant performance of forest firefighting suits worn by firefighters. We investigated guidelines and flame-retardant test methods for the flame-retardant performance of forest firefighting suits in Korea and abroad and collected forest firefighting suit samples to compare their specifications and materials. To compare non-fire-retardant products and products with reduced flame-retardant performance before and after washing among domestic forest firefighter suit samples, we conducted a flame spre

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Walczak, Agata, Ireneusz Naworol, Daniel Pieniak, Kamil Pasierbiewicz, and Grzegorz Dzień. "Experimental studies on changes in mechanical properties of polymer composites under impact of thermal load determined based on compression testing." MATEC Web of Conferences 247 (2018): 00027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824700027.

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The objective of the study was to carry out an analysis of changes in mechanical properties of polymer composites in conditions of thermal load. Such an analysis may allow an initial verification of possibilities of deploying new composites in production of fire helmet shells. The reference material chosen for testing was the Ultramid composite, which is currently used for the production of fire helmet shells. In addition three different materials were selected that contained reinforcement by glass fibres bearing the trade name of Tarnamid, which are not used in manufacturing of shells. Testin

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Ng, Yan Hao, Indraneel Suhas Zope, Aravind Dasari, and Kang Hai Tan. "Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing." Polymers 12, no. 10 (2020): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102271.

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Material-scale tests involving milligrams of samples are used to optimize fire-retardant coating formulations, but actual applications of these coatings require them to be assessed with structural-scale fire tests. This significant difference in the scale of testing (milligrams to kilograms of sample) raises many questions on the relations between the inherent flammability and thermal characteristics of the coating materials and their “performance” at the structural scale. Moreover, the expected “performance” requirements and the definition of “performance” varies at different scales. In this

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MAČIULAITIS, Romualdas, Mindaugas GRIGONIS, Jurgita MALAIŠKIENĖ, and Donatas LIPINSKAS. "PECULIARITIES OF DESTRUCTION MECHANISM OF POLYMERIC INTUMESCENT FIRE PROTECTIVE COATINGS." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 24, no. 2 (2018): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.447.

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The article describes the destruction mechanism of intumescent fire protective paint coatings at the time of their aging under the impact of simulated climatic factors. Steel plates covered in anti-corrosion varnishes and intumescent fire protective paint coatings of several types and different composition were used in the research, while certain samples were also additionally covered in protective coatings protecting from environmental effects. SEM, DTA and FT-IR researches were conducted on control samples and samples after aging. Aging was performed in 3 ways: according to regimes I and II

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Miedzińska, Danuta, Robert Wolański, and Jan Giełżecki. "INNOVATIVE TESTING STAND FOR CONTACT WITH FLAME - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH." Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP 2, no. 89 (2024): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.5203.

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One of the most important factors affecting the safety of firefighters is protection against heatwhile fighting a fire. Flame is considered the most dangerous phenomenon that can quickly causedamage to fire-resistant clothing and injury to a firefighter. The article presents testing methodsfor protective clothing. An innovative method of testing the impact of flame on protective clothingfabrics, developed at the State Fire Service Aspirants’ School in Krakow, was presented. The samplewas exposed to a flame from a burner powered by propane-butane gas. Temperature measurementswere executed with

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Kwon, In Kyu. "A Study on Comparison of Mechanical, Thermal Properties of High Strength Structural Steels at High Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.3.

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As the strength of structural steels is increasing, the performance of fire resistance should be evaluated clearly and suggested. While their application has been expanded, the evaluation of the fire resistance is inclined to adopt that derived from ordinary strength steels. In order to compare the fire resistance performance of high strength structural steels at high temperature, databases such as mechanical and thermal properties at elevated temperature were compared with those of Eurocode 3. After comparison, it is recommended that the passive protective material is more needed than those f

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Yuriy, Tsapko, Tsapko Аleksii, and Bondarenko Olga. "MODELING THE PROCESS OF MOISTURE DIFFUSION BY A FLAME-RETARDANT COATING FOR WOOD." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 10 (103) (2020): 14–19. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.192687.

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Description of performance of fire-protective coatings during operation of a wooden construction structure is a separate and complex task that covers both stages of the protection process: both moisture protection and further heat transfer that occurs when the coating swells. It has been proven that they imply creating a layer at the surface of the material, which prevents the penetration of moisture to wood when the swelling of a wooden structure and the destruction of the coating begins. Due to this, it becomes possible to determine the effect of flame retardants and the properties of protec

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Perković, Nikola, Davor Skejić, and Vlatka Rajčić. "Numerical Analysis of Fire Resistance in Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Constructions Using CFD: Implications for Structural Integrity and Fire Protection." Forests 15, no. 11 (2024): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15112046.

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Fire represents a serious challenge to the safety and integrity of buildings, especially timber structures exposed to high temperatures and intense heat radiation. The combustibility of timber is one of the main reasons why regulations strictly limit timber as a building material, especially in multi-storey structures. This investigation seeks to assess the fire behaviour of cross-laminated timber (CLT) edifices and examine the ramifications for structural integrity and fire protection. Utilising computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, critical variables including charring rate, heat e

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Abenojar, Juana, Sara López de Armentia, and Miguel Angel Martínez. "Enhancing the Fire Resistance of Ablative Materials: Role of the Polymeric Matrix and Silicon Carbide Reinforcement." Polymers 16, no. 17 (2024): 2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16172454.

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The primary characteristic of ablative materials is their fire resistance. This study explored the development of cost-effective ablative materials formed into application-specific shapes by using a polymer matrix reinforced with ceramic powder. A thermoplastic (polypropylene; PP) and a thermoset (polyester; UPE) matrix were used to manufacture ablative materials with 50 wt% silicon carbide (SiC) particles. The reference composites (50 wt% SiC) were compared to those with 1 and 3 wt% short glass fibers (0.5 mm length) and to composites using a 1 and 3 wt% glass fiber mesh. Fire resistance was

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Fedotov, I. O., A. B. Sivenkov, and G. Sh Khasanova. "The Efficiency of Various Fire Protectants for Wooden Structures." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 24, no. 1 (2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj1146.

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The article deals with the scientific problem of the development and application of various fire protective compositions for wooden structures. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the authors for the first time attempted to state the influence of the chemical nature and mechanism of flame retardant action on the effectiveness of fire protection means. When assessing the effectiveness of fire protection, the authors paid special attention to the key parameters that determine the fire resistance of wooden structures. The possibility of developing effective fire protecti

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Ljubinković, Filip, Luís Laím, João Pedro Martins, et al. "Optimized fire design for steel industrial sheds." ce/papers 6, no. 3-4 (2023): 2173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2703.

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AbstractThis paper showcases some of the main contributions from the research project Switch2Steel, in which a web application is developed for the calculation and optimization of the cost of steel industrial sheds. Unprotected steel structures, compared to other construction materials, possess relatively low fire resistance. To enhance their fire performance, adequate fire protection is required. Simplified fire design, without considering the real influence of the main parameters on the development and propagation of natural fires, often leads to excessive amounts of costly protective materi

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Floyd, Jason, and Daniel Madrzykowski. "Fire dynamics simulator modeling of a line-of-duty death in a firefighting training facility using recent research on materials and firefighter safety." Journal of Fire Sciences 42, no. 3 (2024): 248–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07349041241237517.

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In 2005, a line-of-duty death of an instructor at a firefighter training facility spawned research into both firefighter training and improving firefighter protective gear. Since the incident, there has been additional research into the material properties, firefighter facepiece performance, and the classification of firefighter exposures. This has been in parallel to significant improvements in the ability to model fires and predict, rather than prescribe, fire growth. As this recent body of work was not available at the time of incident investigation, the incident was revisited using the cur

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Tsapko, Yu, O. Bondarenko, O. Tsapko, V. Apanasenko, K. Kaverin, and D. Zherebchuk. "Setting the parameters of the burnout rate of samples of flame-retardant cellulose-containing materials." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 1, no. 52 (2023): 90–100. https://doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2023.52(1).90-100.

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The paper deals with the issues of fire protection of cellulose-containing materials, in particular sailcloth and wood. The combustion process of materials is influenced by their physical properties: density, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, as well as a number of other factors, such as humidity, the ratio between the reacting surface and the volume or mass of the material that is ignited, its position in the heat flow, air flow velocity or draft, and the degree of heat concentration during combustion. The description of the behavior of fire retardants and coatings, including swelling coat

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Yuriy, Tsapko, Lomaha Vasyl, Tsapko Аleksii, Mazurchuk Serhii, Horbachova Oleksandra, and Zavialov Denys. "DETERMINATION OF REGULARITIES OF HEAT RESISTANCE UNDER FLAME ACTION ON WOOD WALL WITH FIRE-RETARDANT VARNISH." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 10 (106) (2020): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.210009.

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An analysis of fire-retardant materials for wooden building structures is carried out and the need to develop reliable methods for studying the process of ignition and flame propagation on the surface of a building structure, necessary for creating new types of fire-retardant materials, is found. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the conditions for forming a thermal conductivity barrier and find a mechanism for inhibiting heat transfer to the material. In this regard, a computational and analytical method for determining thermal conductivity when using a fire-retardant varnish as a coati

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Tsapko, Yuriy, Аleksii Tsapko, Olga Bondarenko, and Viktoriia Chudovska. "Thermophysical characteristics of the formed layer of foam coke when protecting fabric from fire by a formulation based on modified phosphorus-ammonium compounds." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 10(111) (2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.233479.

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This paper reports the analysis of flame retardants for fabrics that has established that the meagerness of the data that explain and describe the process of fire protection, as well as the neglect of elastic coatings, leads to the combustion of structures made from fabrics under the influence of flame. The development of reliable methods to study the fire protection conditions for fabrics leads to the design of new types of fireproof materials. Therefore, it becomes necessary to define the conditions for the formation of a barrier for burning and flame propagation by a piece of fabric and for

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Yuriy, Tsapko, Tsapko Аleksii, Bondarenko Olga, and Chudovska Viktoriia. "Thermophysical characteristics of the formed layer of foam coke when protecting fabric from fire by a formulation based on modified phosphorus-ammonium compounds." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 10 (111) (2021): 34–41. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.233479.

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This paper reports the analysis of flame retardants for fabrics that has established that the meagerness of the data that explain and describe the process of fire protection, as well as the neglect of elastic coatings, leads to the combustion of structures made from fabrics under the influence of flame. The development of reliable methods to study the fire protection conditions for fabrics leads to the design of new types of fireproof materials. Therefore, it becomes necessary to define the conditions for the formation of a barrier for burning and flame propagation by a piece of fabric and for

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Lee, Jun Kyoung. "Inhibitory Effect of adding Phase Change Material (PCM) to Fire Fighter Protective Clothing on Burn Injuries." Fire Science and Engineering 30, no. 3 (2016): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2016.30.3.016.

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Perković, Nikola, and Vlatka Rajčić. "Mechanical and Fire Performance of Innovative Hollow Glue-Laminated Timber Beams." Polymers 14, no. 16 (2022): 3381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163381.

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Fire safety greatly contributes to feeling safe, and it is a key parameter for the selection of building materials. The combustibility of timber is one of the main reasons to have the strict restriction on timber for use as a building material, especially for multistory buildings. Therefore, the main prerequisite for the use of timber in buildings is to ensure adequate fire resistance, using passive and active fire protection measures. This article contains the results of mechanical and fire experimental tests of both normal and innovative hollow glued laminated timber beams. A total of 10 tim

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Kuzyk, A. D., and D. V. Lagno. "SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FIREFIGHTING IN RADIONUCLIDE-CONTAMINATED FORESTS OF THE CHORNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE." Fire Safety, no. 34 (July 19, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.08.

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Introduction. Forest fires are dangerous for people and environment. Their extinction requires appropriate human and material resources. Fires in the Chornobyl radionuclide-contaminated exclusion zone are especially dangerous. The purpose of paper is to analyze the causes of forest fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone, the characteristics of their elimination taking into account the danger of radioactivity and using protection equipment. Results. The causes for the occurrence of fires in the forests of the Chernobyl exclusion zone are natural and manmade. The clutter of forest areas creates p

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