Journal articles: 'Fire resistant polymers'

1

Bukharov, S. V., and A. S. Pan'shin. "Fibre-Reinforced Fire-Resistant Mineral Composites." International Polymer Science and Technology 32, no. 9 (September 2005): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0503200915.

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George, Philip, Shantanu Bhowmik, Mathew Abraham, PK Sriram, Mohan kumar Pitchan, and G. Ajeesh. "High-performance fire-resistant polymeric nanocomposite for aerospace applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716660874.

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This investigation essentially highlights development of novel high-performance fire-resistant polymeric nanocomposite with respect to its orientation towards future generation aviation. Therefore, an attempt has been made to increase thermal stability and fire resistivity of phenolic/cotton fabric reinforced polymer composite, which is desirable for aircraft interiors. There is considerable increase in adhesion characteristics of phenolic fabric reinforced polymer composite due to atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. The phenolic fabric reinforced polymer is subsequently coated with nanosized calcium silicate reinforced polybenzimidazole composite in order to increase thermal stability and fire resistance property. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that polybenzimidazole-coated fabric reinforced polymer shows significantly better thermal stability than the uncoated phenolic fabric reinforced polymer. There is a significant increase in the limiting oxygen index characteristics of polybenzimidazole-coated fabric reinforced polymer when compared to the uncoated phenolic composite resulting in considerable improvement in fire resistivity of the polymers.

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Won, Jong-Pil, Seok-Won Choi, Chan-Gi Park, and Chang-Il Jang. "High Strength Polymer-Modified Repair Cementitious Composite for Fire Protection." Polymers and Polymer Composites 15, no. 5 (July 2007): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110701500505.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical performance and fire resistance of a high strength polymer-modified cementitious composite, to test its ability to repair concrete tunnel structures that are in danger of collapse due to cracks or deterioration. In particular, because existing repair materials are not fire-resistant and commercial fire-resistant materials have low strength, this study was aimed at increasing the water tightness and strength of a repair material and also making it resistant to fire. In addition, this study evaluated changes in internal temperature depending on the cover thickness of repair materials to determine the optimal cover thickness at which a high strength polymer-modified cementitious composite could protect existing concrete tunnel structures from fire. Results indicated that the high strength polymer-modified cementitious composite had superior strength and water tightness than commercial fire-resistant materials and it also provided good fire resistance. The high strength polymer-modified cementitious composite required to be applied in an optimal layer thickness of at least 40 mm to protect existing structures from fire.

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Bukharov, S. V., and V. I. Kostikov. "Fire-Resistant Composite Materials." International Polymer Science and Technology 32, no. 9 (September 2005): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0503200914.

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Sultigova, Zakhirat, Zareta Inarkieva, Arsen Kharaev, Rima Bazheva, and Maryam Parchieva. "Halogen-Containing Fire Resistant Copolyesters." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.17.

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Copolyarylates based on a mixture of 2,2-bis (4'-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 3,3-bis (4'-hydroxyphenyl) phthalide, terephthalic and isophthalic acid chlorides and 3,5-dibromo-p-hydroxybenzoic acid chloride were synthesized by low-temperature acceptor-catalytic polycondensation. To study the structure of the obtained polyesters and study the physical and mechanical properties, infrared spectroscopy, elemental, thermogravimetric, X-ray structural and thermomechanical analyzes were used. The obtained polymers have high values of strength characteristics, thermal and heat resistance, good fire resistance.

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Tuleugaliyeva, E. S., and A. Z. Bekeshev. "EPOXY COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH FIRE-RESISTANT DIORITE." Vestnik of M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, no. 2 (54) (July 7, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54596/2309-6977-2022-2-17-24.

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As a result of the work, the influence of the polyfunctional modifier oligo (resorcinol phenyl phosphate) and the dispersed mineral filler diorite with terminal phenyl groups on the physicochemical and deformation -strength properties of epoxy composites was studied. The effectiveness of using diorite epoxide as an active polymer filler has been proven. The effectiveness of using diorite as an active filler in epoxy polymers, which increases strength and changes the physicochemical properties of epoxy composites, has been proven. The optimal composition of diorite was selected as a structural additive and filler in the composition of an epoxy composite (0.1 and 50 parts by weight), which strengthens the epoxy diorite composite. It has been established that the addition of diorite to the epoxy composition leads to an increase in the heat resistance of Vicat from 132ºС to 140-188ºС and increases the thermal stability of the epoxy composite, which is expressed in a shift in the initial degradation. In addition, the thermal decomposition of the composite increases the yield of carbon structures (from 54 to 70-77% by weight), prevents the pyrolysis products from entering the gas phase, which leads to a decrease in its flammability. The effectiveness of diorite surface functionalization has been proven using APTES, which provides chemical interaction at the polymer matrix/filler interface and also prevents aggregation of diorite particles.

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Zielecka, Maria, Anna Rabajczyk, Łukasz Pastuszka, and Leszek Jurecki. "Flame Resistant Silicone-Containing Coating Materials." Coatings 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10050479.

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The flame resistance of applied coating materials affects the safety of innovative technological solutions. Silicone-containing polymeric materials are one of the most economical solutions in the field of coatings due to the effect of the unique combination of very good thermal, resistance, and surface properties. The rich chemistry of silicon compounds, which results in their very good thermal stability, allows their use as flame-resistant coating materials or as flame retardants in polymer composites. In this review, the flame resistance of PDMS systems based on their thermal degradation data, as well as possible paths of thermal degradation depending on external conditions including the effect of additives, flame resistance of hybrid silicone-containing coating materials and most important innovative applications of these materials, are reviewed. Very good results from the use of organic silicon compounds as fire retardants in polymers obtained by many research teams are one of the promising ways of overcoming the health, safety, and availability concerns of traditional halogenated fire retardants.

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Reva, Olga Vladimirovna, Nikolai Mikhailovich Dmitrakovich, and Evgeny Vladimirovich Matskevich. "Development of composite fire-resistant light-reflective materials on a textile basis and testing of their properties." Technology of technosphere safety, no. 101 (2023): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2023.3.101.8-24.

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Introduction. At present, a large set of requirements is imposed on protective clothing, which is difficult to achieve for a single material and is implemented in a multilayer composite product on a textile basis. One of the promising ways to obtain heat-reflecting fabrics is the application of a plastic heat-resistant polymer layer, either containing metal particles, or subsequently metallized, to a fire-resistant or fire-resistant textile material. In addition, there are a number of problems in complex testing of the obtained composites, which do not meet the characteristics of both textile and bulk or film polymers and metals. State standards, which set out test methods for firefighters' protective clothing, are regularly supplemented, but contain a number of difficult-to-combine requirements. To ensure a set of requirements for protective clothing, composite layers of heat-resistant polyorganosiloxane resins modified with flame retardants of various chemical nature were applied to oxodiazole and silica fabrics and their fire resistance, mechanical strength and ability to reflect light and heat fluxes were studied. The purpose of the study is to study in a complex the dependence of the physical-mechanical, fire-retardant and reflective properties of composite textile materials on nature and the concentration of a flame retardant and functional additives in a metal-containing polyorganosiloxane resin applied to a textile base. Research methods. To obtain the results, we used a comparative system analysis of literature data and experimental results, complex tests of composite fire-resistant reflective products on a textile basis according to the methods of state standard Р 53264-2019. Research results. The conditions for obtaining new textile-based composite materials and their optimal composition have been developed, providing the product with high mechanical strength, incombustibility (oxygen index 29-32 %), high ability to reflect radiation and heat fluxes (IR radiation reflection coefficient 75-80 %). New materials fully meet the requirements of state standard for protective clothing. Conclusion. The tests carried out on certified equipment make it possible to determine the optimal composition of the modified polymer resin and the method of processing oxodiazole and silica fabrics to obtain a heat-, fire-resistant, light- and heat-reflecting material for protective clothing. Keywords: oxodiazole and silica fabric; fire resistance; light and heat reflection; metal-containing polymer binders; flame retardants.

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9

Lyon, Richard E., Louise Speitel, Richard N. Walters, and Sean Crowley. "Fire-resistant elastomers." Fire and Materials 27, no. 4 (2003): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.828.

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10

Petrakova, Viktoria V., Vyacheslav V. Kireev, Denis V. Onuchin, Igor A. Sarychev, Vyacheslav V. Shutov, Anastasia A. Kuzmich, Natalia V. Bornosuz, et al. "Benzoxazine Monomers and Polymers Based on 3,3′-Dichloro-4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane: Synthesis and Characterization." Polymers 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091421.

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To reveal the effect of chlorine substituents in the ring of aromatic amine on the synthesis process of benzoxazine monomer and on its polymerization ability, as well as to develop a fire-resistant material, a previously unreported benzoxazine monomer based on 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane was obtained in toluene and mixture toluene/isopropanol. The resulting benzoxazine monomers were thermally cured for 2 h at 180 °C, 4 h at 200 °C, 2 h at 220 °C. A comparison between the rheological, thermal and fire-resistant properties of the benzoxazines based on 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and, for reference, 4,4′-diaminodimethylmethane was made. The effect of the reaction medium on the structure of the oligomeric fraction and the overall yield of the main product were studied and the toluene/ethanol mixture was found to provide the best conditions; however, in contrast to most known diamine-based benzoxazines, synthesis in the pure toluene is also possible. The synthesized monomers can be used as thermo- and fire-resistant binders for polymer composite materials, as well as hardeners for epoxy resins. Chlorine-containing polybenzoxazines require more severe conditions for polymerization but have better fire resistance.

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11

Ellzey, Kenneth A., T. Ranganathan, Joseph Zilberman, E. Bryan Coughlin, Richard J. Farris, and Todd Emrick. "Deoxybenzoin-Based Polyarylates as Halogen-Free Fire-Resistant Polymers." Macromolecules 39, no. 10 (May 2006): 3553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma052777o.

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12

Ismailova, Ra’no, Nailya Valeeva, Islom Khaydarov, Baxrom Ibragimov, and Fotima Sobirova. "Fire retardants giving special properties to fibers and textile materials based on them." E3S Web of Conferences 486 (2024): 05021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448605021.

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The fire-retardant properties of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers with phosphorus-containing polymers, as well as nitrogen and brominecontaining flame retardants, have been studied. It has been shown that, in contrast to low molecular weight fire retardants, polymer and oligomer fire retardants give fibers higher fire-retardant properties. The results of determining the flammability of samples showed that the treatment of polyacrylonitrile fibers with oligomeric flame retardants based on the developed flame retardants improves the fire-retardant properties of fibers and materials based on them. As a result of comprehensive research, it was established that for the manufacture of fire-resistant material it is advisable to use the optimal ratio of “polyacrylonitrile fiber - fire retardant”. Carrying out fire-retardant treatment of polyacrylonitrile material with compositions of 3-chloro-1,2-hydroxypropane with 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine makes it possible to obtain fabrics with a reduced fire hazard and with the required strength parameters. Also, in the work, based on kinetic and spectroscopic studies and taking into account literature data, a mechanism of oligomeric fire retardant is proposed, which gives fibers and textile materials special fire resistance properties.

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13

Tawiah, Benjamin, Emmanuel A. Ofori, and Fei Bin. "Scientometric Review of Sustainable Fire-Resistant Polysaccharide-Based Composite Aerogels." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 9, 2023): 12185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612185.

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Fire safety is a critical concern in various industries necessitating the development of sustainable and effective fire-resistant materials. Sustainable fire-resistant polysaccharide-based composite aerogels are regarded as an innovative solution in fire safety applications, and as such, research in this field has increased consistently over the past few years. Despite the plethora of literature on this important subject, only a few studies have attempted to map the global research of sustainable fire-resistant polysaccharide-based composite aerogels to identify the geospatial collaborative network and trend of research. This study utilizes a scientometric review of global trends in sustainable fire-resistant polysaccharide-based composite aerogels research between 2003 and 2023 using VOSviewer and biblioshiny to analyze co-author, co-word, co-citation, clusters, and geospatial maps. A total of 234 bibliographic records from the Scopus database were analyzed to generate the study’s research power networks and geospatial map. The most significant contributions in sustainable fire-resistant polysaccharide-based composite aerogels come from China, the United States, Australia, Canada, and India with records of 194, 20, 11, 9, and 8, respectively. The top five sources for articles in this area of research include ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Chemical Engineering Journal, Composite Engineering, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, and Carbohydrate Polymers. The application of sustainable fire-resistant polysaccharide-based composite aerogels spans the engineering and construction fields. The versatility in the fabrication and customization allows for seamless integration into diverse applications. The article concludes by emphasizing the significance of sustainable fire-resistant polysaccharide-based composite aerogels as a promising advancement in fire safety technology, combining sustainability, fire resistance, versatility, and mechanical strength to address critical challenges in the field. This review provides important insight into the research challenges, trends, and patterns of sustainable fire-resistant polysaccharide-based composite aerogel research worldwide.

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14

Izmailov, B. A., L. G. Komarova, E. N. Rodlovskaya, G. D. Markova, V. A. Vasnev, T. A. Rudakova, A. A. Amelichev, and N. S. Novikova. "Heterorganic Fire-resistant Coatings for Artificial Fibres." International Polymer Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (October 2017): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704401004.

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A method has been developed for producing fire-resistant phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing organosiloxane coatings on the surface of cellulose fibres. It has been shown that such a three-layer coating ensures an increase in the oxygen index of the fibres from 20 to 47%.

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15

Allen, Christopher W. "The Use of Phosphazenes as Fire Resistant Materials." Journal of Fire Sciences 11, no. 4 (July 1993): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419301100404.

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A survey of the use of cyclo- and poly(phosphazenes) in fire resis tant applications is presented. Where appropriate, synthesis and commercial availability will be indicated. Two fundamentally different approaches, phosphazenes as additives or as intrinsically flame resistant materials, will be discussed. While the former category is limited to cyclophosphazenes, the lat ter involves linear poly(phosphazenes), cyclolinear and cyclomatrix materials and carbon chain polymers with cyclophosphazenes as substituents.

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16

Wenelska, Homa, Popovic, Maslana, and Mijowska. "DOPO-Functionalized Molybdenum Disulfide and its Impact on the Thermal Properties of Polyethylene and Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111637.

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The fabrication of conventional or biodegradable polymers with improved thermal and fire-resistant properties is an important task for their successful application in various branches of the industry. In this work, few-layered molybdenum disulfide was functionalized with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and introduced into polyethylene and poly(lactic acid) matrixes. The obtained polyethylene composite samples displayed improved thermal stability, significant reduction in CO emissions, improved fire-resistant properties, and over 100% increases in thermal conductivity. Poly(lactic acid) composites displayed less impressive results, but have managed to improve some values, such as CO emissions, peak heat release rate, and total heat release in comparison to pristine polymer.

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17

Lyon, Richard E., P. N. Balaguru, Andrew Foden, Usman Sorathia, Joseph Davidovits, and Michel Davidovics. "Fire-resistant Aluminosilicate Composites." Fire and Materials 21, no. 2 (March 1997): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1018(199703)21:2<67::aid-fam596>3.0.co;2-n.

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18

Melissaris, Anastasios P., and John A. Mikroyannidis. "Phosphorus-containing crosslinkable polymers for fire- and heat-resistant applications." European Polymer Journal 25, no. 3 (January 1989): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(89)90231-0.

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Kozlowski, R., B. Mieleniak, and M. Muzyczek. "Fire resistant composites for upholstery." Polymer Degradation and Stability 64, no. 3 (June 1999): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(98)00144-x.

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20

Wang, Bijie, Ke Chen, Tianhao Li, Xun Sun, Ming Liu, Lingwei Yang, Xiao (Matthew) Hu, et al. "High-Temperature Resistant Polyborosilazanes with Tailored Structures." Polymers 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030467.

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Boron-containing organosilicon polymers are widely used under harsh environments as preceramic polymers for advanced ceramics fabrication. However, harmful chemicals released during synthesis and the complex synthesis routes have limited their applications. To solve the problems, a two-component route was adopted to synthesize cross-linked boron-containing silicone polymer (CPBCS) via a solventless process. The boron content and CPBCSs’ polymeric structures could be readily tuned through controlling the ratio of multifunctional boron hybrid silazane monomers (BSZ12) and poly[imino(methylsilylene)]. The CPBCSs showed high thermal stability and good mechanical properties. The CPBCS with Si-H/C=C ratio of 10:1 showed 75 wt% char yields at 1000 °C in argon, and the heat release capacity (HRC) and total heat release (THR) are determined to be 37.9 J/g K and 6.2 KJ/g, demonstrating high thermal stability and flame retardancy. The reduced modulus and hardness of CPBCS are 0.30 GPa and 2.32 GPa, respectively. The novel polysilazanes can be potentially used under harsh environments, such as high temperatures or fire hazards.

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Vindizheva, A. S., Kh Kh Sapaev, I. V. Musov, S. Yu Khashirova, M. Kh Ligidov, and A. K. Mikitaev. "The Development of Fire-Resistant Plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride." International Polymer Science and Technology 39, no. 12 (December 2012): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1203901212.

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22

Kim, Yukyung, Sanghyuck Lee, and Hyeonseok Yoon. "Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040540.

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Currently, polymers are competing with metals and ceramics to realize various material characteristics, including mechanical and electrical properties. However, most polymers consist of organic matter, making them vulnerable to flames and high-temperature conditions. In addition, the combustion of polymers consisting of different types of organic matter results in various gaseous hazards. Therefore, to minimize the fire damage, there has been a significant demand for developing polymers that are fire resistant or flame retardant. From this viewpoint, it is crucial to design and synthesize thermally stable polymers that are less likely to decompose into combustible gaseous species under high-temperature conditions. Flame retardants can also be introduced to further reinforce the fire performance of polymers. In this review, the combustion process of organic matter, types of flame retardants, and common flammability testing methods are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest research trends in the use of versatile nanofillers to enhance the fire performance of polymeric materials are discussed with an emphasis on their underlying action, advantages, and disadvantages.

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23

Chen, Chien-Chin, Ying-Kuan Tsai, Yu-Kai Lin, Pin-Hsuan Ho, and Chang-Yu Kuo. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of a Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymer Mortar Blast Resistant Panel." Polymers 15, no. 16 (August 17, 2023): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163440.

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Geopolymer materials have excellent properties such as high strength, low thermal conductivity, fire resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and low carbon emissions. They can be used as protective engineering materials in places with explosion risks. At present, the common composite blast resistant panel is in the form of a sandwich: the outer layer isgalvanized steel plate, and fiber cement board or calcium carbonate board is used as the inner layer material, as these boards have the advantages of easy installation, good fire resistance, and explosion resistance. This study investigates the effect of adding different types of fibers to geopolymer mortar on the mortar’s basic mechanical properties, such as compression strength, bending strength, and impact resistance. The explosive resistance of the fiber-reinforced geopolymer mortar blast resistant panels was evaluated through free-air explosion. In this paper, experimental procedures and numerical simulation have been performed to study the failure modes, maximum deflection, and dynamic response of the fiber-reinforced geopolymer mortar blast resistant panel under free-air explosion. The research results can provide a reference for the design and production of blast resistant panels.

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Pornwannachai, W., J. R. Ebdon, and B. K. Kandola. "Fire-resistant natural fibre-reinforced composites from flame retarded textiles." Polymer Degradation and Stability 154 (August 2018): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.019.

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Wang, Shitan, Qingyuan He, and Yunyi Wang. "Functional Development and Evaluation of Residential Fire-Resistant Clothing." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 2_suppl (December 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.s2.3.

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Residential fires are a significant risk factor threatening the health and security of occupants. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel fire-safety product to help occupants safely and quickly evacuate from fire. Residential fire-resistant clothing with an alterable robe-coverall structure was developed according to a functional design procedure. The protection and ergonomic performance of the new fire-resistant clothing were verified by material selection and testing, flame manikin testing, and a simulated evacuation test. The results demonstrated that the fire-resistant clothing could provide essential thermal protection, inhalation protection, tear resistant, and visibility. Moreover, compared to current fire blankets, this fire-resistant clothing integrated the robe and coverall together, providing improved thermal protection and ergonomics, while decreasing skin burn percentage by 30.04% and allowing flexible leg movement.

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Sakkas, K., P. Nomikos, A. Sofianos, and D. Panias. "Sodium-based fire resistant geopolymer for passive fire protection." Fire and Materials 39, no. 3 (February 26, 2014): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2244.

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Korshak, V. V., and Aleksandr L. Rusanov. "Thermostable and fire-resistant polymers based on chloral and its derivatives." Russian Chemical Reviews 58, no. 6 (June 30, 1989): 588–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1989v058n06abeh003462.

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Gerasimova, Vera, and Olga Zotikova. "Eco-Friendly Polymer Construction Materials." Materials Science Forum 871 (September 2016): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.871.62.

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This article addresses contemporary construction polymer elements found useful in civil engineering and construction in Russia due to their high technical and economical efficiency. Advantages and drawbacks of the polymer materials are reviewed. This work in no way claims a fullness of reviewing all the issues of using polymers in construction, but it nevertheless enables to provide a general insight into the problems to be solved in the field of future production and use of environmentally safe polymer materials for construction applications. One of the substantial goals of the applied research is to design rather durable, non-toxic and fire-resistant construction materials intended for construction of residential and public buildings. Readers can get an overview about ecological problems linked to the production and application of the polymers in construction field.

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Balaeva, S. M., Dzhul’etta A. Beeva, Zh T. Balaeva, N. M. Mirzoeva, and A. A. Kyarov. "Epoxy Sulfur Containing Olygomers for Fire-Resistant Compounds Based on 2,2di-(4-Oxyphenil)Sulfone." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.287.

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The article presents information on the synthesis of epoxy oligomers based on 2,2-di-(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (DODPS) and hexachloroethane (HCE). We showed the results of a study of the adhesive properties and fire resistance of epoxy polymers. The synthesized sulfur-containing epoxy oligomers have a reasonably low viscosity and high fire resistance. Casting compounds obtained on their basis have improved performance characteristics.

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Абразумов, В. В., С. В. Фролов, and О. В. Токарева. "Prospects for the use of composite flame-retardant materials for fire-fighting purposes." Informacionno-technologicheskij vestnik, no. 4(30) (December 15, 2021): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2409-1650-30-4-137-147.

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В статье представлен обзор существующих огнезащитных материалов и покрытий для целей противопожарной защиты конструкций и личного состава пожарных формирований. Рассмотрены механизмы действия компонентов огнезащитных покрытий в условиях действия конвективных потоков тепловой энергии. Выполнен обзор современных огнестойких экранов для защиты пожарных при тушении техногенных пожаров. Предложены пути разработки огнестойких материалов для создания защитных укрытий при тушении лесных пожаров в экстремальных условиях. The article presents an overview of existing fire-retardant materials and coatings for the purposes of fire protection of structures and personnel of fire brigades. The mechanisms of action of the components of flame-retardant coatings under the action of convective heat energy flows are considered. A review of modern fire-resistant screens for the protection of firefighters in extinguishing man-made fires has been carried out. The ways of developing fire-resistant materials for creating protective shelters for extinguishing forest fires are proposed in extreme conditions.

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Lu, Chunxiang, Tianzi Lin, Jianchun Cao, Shubiao Yin, Peng Gao, Xing Liu, and Fang Zhan. "Microstructure evolution and fire-resistant properties of 690 MPa anti-seismic fire-resistant steel plate." Materials Research Express 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 066523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac0a03.

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Wang, Feiyue, Mengtao Cai, Long Yan, and Jiahao Liao. "Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional Transparent Flame-Retarded Hydrogel for Fire-Resistant Glass with Excellent Transparency, Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Property." Polymers 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132716.

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Acrylamide-methacrylic acid copolymer named P (AM-co-MAA) was synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization, and then mixed with crosslinker, flame retardants and initiators to prepare multifunctional transparent flame-retarded hydrogels with transparency, fire resistance and anti-ageing property. The results show that the application of multifunctional transparent flame-retarded hydrogel imparts high level of transparency and excellent fire resistance to the fire-resistant glass, and the light transmittance and fire resistance of the flame-retarded hydrogel increases with the increasing mass ratio of AM to MAA in P(AM-co-MAA). When the mass ratio of AM to MAA is 4:1, the obtained P(AM-co-MAA) imparts the lowest backside temperature of 130 °C at 3600 s and highest light transmittance of 86.1% to the transparent flame-retarded hydrogel. TG and DSC analysis show that the addition of P(AM-co-MAA) increases the thermal stability of the transparent flame-retarded hydrogels due to the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds via the complexation between amide and carboxyl groups. Accelerated ageing test indicates that the transparent flame-retarded hydrogel containing P(AM-co-MAA) exerts durable fire resistance and transparency, and the ageing resistance of the transparent flame-retarded hydrogel depends on the mass ratio of AM to MAA in P(AM-co-MAA). Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy to prepare a novel multifunctional transparent flame-retarded hydrogel with excellent light transmittance, fire resistance and anti-ageing properties.

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Pacher, Thomas, Marius Cătălin Barbu, Johannes Urstöger, Alexander Petutschnigg, and Eugenia Mariana Tudor. "Fire Retardancy of Cementitious Panels with Larch and Spruce Bark as Bio-Admixtures." Polymers 14, no. 7 (April 4, 2022): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071469.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the production of fire-resistant panels made out of bark from spruce (Picea abies), larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and cement. This research included test panels produced from bark, cement, water and cement-bonded recycling material aiming for the target density of 750 kg/m3. The physical (density, dimension stability, thickness swelling) and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and compressive strength together with fire resistance were tested. Considering the results, appealing values have been achieved: max. compressive strength: 3.42 N/mm2; max. thickness swelling: 5.48%; and density: 515 to 791 kg/m3. In principle, the properties of the produced panels depend not only on the density, but also on the hydration and, above all, on the compaction and the composition of the boards. The fire tests demonstrated that the produced panels have an enormous potential in terms of fire resistance and could be utilized for fire-retardant applications.

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Abdul Hasan Abdul Karem, Alyaa. "Eco-Friendly Flame-Retardant Solutions: Repurposing Polystyrene Waste into Fire-Resistant Polymers." SVU-International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Applications 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/svusrc.2023.241934.1155.

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Kim, Peter K., Pete Pierini, and Ritchie Wessling. "Thermal and Flammability Properties of Poly(p-phenylene- benzobisoxazole)." Journal of Fire Sciences 11, no. 4 (July 1993): 296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419301100402.

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Poly( p-phenylene-benzobisoxazole), PBO, is a member of a family of rigid-rod, lyotropic liquid crystal polymers which can be fabricated into fiber, film and composites. PBO exhibits exceptional ignition resistance, low heat release rate, and very low smoke emission. PBO's fire, smoke, and toxicity (FST) properties are one of the best thermally stable polymers. PBO begins to ther mally decompose at 660 ° C and it has a char yield > 70% at 900 °C. It has LOI of > 56 and UL94 rating of VTM0 for 1 mil thick film. PBO generates almost no smoke, and very little toxic combustion products are generated during fire. PBO is more ignition resistant and has very low heat release (measured by the Cone Calorimeter) compared to other high temperature polymers. Carbon fabric/PBO composites do not ignite even after 15 minutes when exposed to a heat flux of 50 kW/m2. Preliminary results indicate that this carbon fabric/PBO composite meets the Navy's most critical fire, smoke, and toxicity requirements for applications inside submarines. PBO's unique combination of thermal, mechanical, and physical properties could provide enabling technology for the next generation of products for interior components of airplanes, ships, off shore structures, and other places where the fire, smoke, toxicity properties of the material and weight are critical.

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Ma, Tongtong, Qianqian Zhou, Chaozheng Liu, Liping Li, Chuigen Guo, and Changtong Mei. "Construction of Multifunctional Hierarchical Biofilms for Highly Sensitive and Weather-Resistant Fire Warning." Polymers 15, no. 18 (September 6, 2023): 3666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183666.

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Multifunctional biofilms with early fire-warning capabilities are highly necessary for various indoor and outdoor applications, but a rational design of intelligent fire alarm films with strong weather resistance remains a major challenge. Herein, a multiscale hierarchical biofilm based on lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and TiO2 was developed through a vacuum-assisted alternate self-assembly and dipping method. Then, an early fire-warning system that changes from an insulating state to a conductive one was designed, relying on the rapid carbonization of LCNFs together with the unique electronic excitation characteristics of TiO2. Typically, the L-CNT-TiO2 film exhibited an ultrasensitive fire-response signal of ~0.30 s and a long-term warning time of ~1238 s when a fire disaster was about to occur, demonstrating a reliable fire-alarm performance and promising flame-resistance ability. More importantly, the L-CNT-TiO2 biofilm also possessed a water contact angle (WCA) of 166 ± 1° and an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) as high as 2000, resulting in excellent superhydrophobicity, antifouling, self-cleaning as well as incredible anti-ultraviolet (UV) capabilities. This work offers an innovative strategy for developing advanced intelligent films for fire safety and prevention applications, which holds great promise for the field of building materials.

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Richardson, L. R., and R. G. Venasse. "Fire-Resistant joints in gypsum wallboard." Fire and Materials 14, no. 4 (December 1989): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140404.

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Laskoski, Matthew, Arica R. Shepherd, Wadia Mahzabeen, Jadah S. Clarke, Teddy M. Keller, and Usman Sorathia. "Sustainable, fire-resistant phthalonitrile-based glass fiber composites." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 56, no. 11 (March 12, 2018): 1128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.28989.

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Babu, Karthik, Oisik Das, Vigneshwaran Shanmugam, Rhoda Afriye Mensah, Michael Försth, Gabriel Sas, Ágoston Restás, and Filippo Berto. "Fire Behavior of 3D-Printed Polymeric Composites." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 4745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05627-1.

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Abstract3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is considered as a flexible manufacturing method with the potential for substantial innovations in fabricating geometrically complicated structured polymers, metals, and ceramics parts. Among them, polymeric composites show versatility for applications in various fields, such as constructions, microelectronics and biomedical. However, the poor resistance of these materials against fire must be considered due to their direct relation to human life conservation and safety. In this article, the recent advances in the fire behavior of 3D-printed polymeric composites are reviewed. The article describes the recently developed methods for improving the flame retardancy of 3D-printed polymeric composites. Consequently, the improvements in the fire behavior of 3D-printed polymeric materials through the change in formulation of the composites are discussed. The article is novel in the sense that it is one of the first studies to provide an overview regarding the flammability characteristics of 3D-printed polymeric materials, which will further incite research interests to render AM-based materials fire-resistant.

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Wang, Feiyue, Hui Liu, and Long Yan. "Fabrication of Polypyrrole-Decorated Tungsten Tailing Particles for Reinforcing Flame Retardancy and Ageing Resistance of Intumescent Fire-Resistant Coatings." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081540.

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Polypyrrole-decorated tungsten tailing particles (PPY-TTF) were prepared via the in situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of tungsten tailing particles (TTF), and then carefully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) analyses. The effect of PPY-TTF on the flame retardancy, smoke suppression property and ageing resistance of intumescent fire-resistant coatings was investigated by a fire protection test, smoke density test and cone calorimeter test. The results show that PPY-TTF exerts excellent cooperative effect on enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of the intumescent fire-retardant coatings, which is ascribed to the formation of more cross-linking structures in the condense phase that enhance the compactness and thermal stability of intumescent char. The cooperative effect of PPY-TTF in the coatings depends on its content, and the coating containing 3 wt% PPY-TTF exhibits the best cooperative effect among the samples, showing a 10.7% reduction in mass loss and 35.4% reduction in flame-spread rating compared to that with 3% TTF. The accelerated ageing test shows that the presence of PPY-TTF greatly slows down the blistering and powdering phenomenon of the coatings, thus endowing the coating with the super durability of fire resistance and smoke suppression property. This work provides a new strategy for the resource utilization of tungsten tailing in the field of flame-retardant materials.

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Pastuhov, P. V., V. V. Kochubei, O. I. Lavrenyuk, and B. M. Mykhalichko. "CHEMICALLY RESISTANT FLAME RETARDING COATINGS BASED ON EPOXY-AMINE COMPOSITES MODIFIED WITH COPPER(II) CARBONATE." Fire Safety, no. 34 (July 19, 2019): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.11.

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Introduction. The development of modern technologies and the elaboration of new materials facilitates the wide use of epoxy resins for instance in industries. Particular attention deserves the various fire retardant coatings making. These coatings are increasingly used to increase fire resistance of details and designs made of metals, plastics, wood in various industrial and civil constructions, and in transport. The very perspective mode producing the effective fire retardant coatings is the direct introduction into the polymeric matrix of epoxy resins of reactive fire retardant agents. Purpose. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the elaborated fire retardant on the ability of epoxy-amine composites modified with copper(II) carbonate to resist the spread of the flame, as well as the effects of water and chemicals. Metods. The flame propagation rate on the surface of horizontally located experimental samples was determined according to all-State Standard 28157-89. Water and chemical resistance were evaluated by a gravimetric method on the polymer mass film change after exposure to distilled water and corrosive media for a certain period of time. Results. The results of experimental studies have shown that samples of the epoxy-amine composites containing 20, 40 and 80 mass parts of CuCO3 per 100 mass part of the binding agent do not propagate the flame horizontally at all. At that, duration of free combustion of these polymer samples did not exceed 2 min. It has been found too that the penetrability of water and chemicals through films based on epoxy-amine composites modified with CuCO3 is reduced due to the formation of chemical bonds between copper(II) carbonate and polyethylenepolyamine. The lowest level of the equilibrium absorption in water and 10% aqueous solutions of H2SO4 and NaOH was watched for samples of those composites that contained 20 mass parts of CuCO3 per 100 mass parts of binder. Conclusion. When studying the effect of copper(II) carbonate on the flame propagation rate, it was found that the epoxy-amine composites containing >20 mass parts of CuCO3 per 100 mass parts of the binding agent, do not propagate the flame and so these are self-extinguishing. The copper(II) carbonate addition to epoxy polymers reduces their sorption capacity in water and solutions of alkalis and acids. These data are the basis to future develop the chemically resistant fire retarding coatings based on epoxy-amine composites modified with copper(II) carbonate. Keywords

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KIREEV, V. V., YU V. BILICHENKO, and N. S. BREDOV. "Heat-resistant binders based on oligomeric organosilsesquioxanes." Plasticheskie massy, no. 3-4 (May 23, 2022): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2022-3-4-5-10.

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The influence of the phase state of the reaction system and the HCl concentration during hydrolytic polycondensation of methyltrichlorosilane on the composition of the formed oligomers, their stability during storage and ability to thermal curing is shown. The technological production process is developed and the scheme of a pilot plant for obtaining oligomethylsilsesquioxanes used for the production of highly filled thermo- and fire-resistant polymer composite materials is presented.

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Chevalier, James L. "Creep, Fatigue and Fire Resistance of Chemical Resistant Tank Sandwich Cores." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 13, no. 3 (March 1994): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449401300305.

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Keibal, N. A., V. F. Kablov, A. G. Stepanova, and V. V. Ikryannikova. "Development of a Fire-Resistant Polyvinyl-Chloride Coating for the Production of Fire Curtains." Polymer Science, Series D 15, no. 4 (December 2022): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995421222040116.

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Madyaratri, Elvara Windra, Muhammad Rasyidur Ridho, Manggar Arum Aristri, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Apri Heri Iswanto, Deded Sarip Nawawi, Petar Antov, Lubos Kristak, Andrea Majlingová, and Widya Fatriasari. "Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030362.

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Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers represent an eco-friendly and inexpensive alternative to conventional petroleum-based materials and have been increasingly utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications due to their numerous advantages, such as their good mechanical properties, low production costs, renewability, and biodegradability. However, these engineered composite materials have inherent downsides, such as their increased flammability when subjected to heat flux or flame initiators, which can limit their range of applications. As a result, certain attempts are still being made to reduce the flammability of biocomposites. The combustion of biobased composites can potentially create life-threatening conditions in buildings, resulting in substantial human and material losses. Additives known as flame-retardants (FRs) have been commonly used to improve the fire protection of wood and biocomposite materials, textiles, and other fields for the purpose of widening their application areas. At present, this practice is very common in the construction sector due to stringent fire safety regulations on residential and public buildings. The aim of this study was to present and discuss recent advances in the development of fire-resistant biocomposites. The flammability of wood and natural fibers as material resources to produce biocomposites was researched to build a holistic picture. Furthermore, the potential of lignin as an eco-friendly and low-cost FR additive to produce high-performance biocomposites with improved technological and fire properties was also discussed in detail. The development of sustainable FR systems, based on renewable raw materials, represents a viable and promising approach to manufacturing biocomposites with improved fire resistance, lower environmental footprint, and enhanced health and safety performance.

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Hamciuc, Corneliu, Tachita Vlad-Bubulac, Diana Serbezeanu, Ionela-Daniela Carja, Elena Hamciuc, Ion Anghel, Valentin Enciu, Ioana-Emilia Şofran, and Gabriela Lisa. "New fire-resistant epoxy thermosets: nonisothermal kinetic study and flammability behavior." Journal of Polymer Engineering 40, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0210.

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Abstract New fire-resistant thermosets are prepared based on a bisphenol A-epoxy resin which is thermally crosslinked in the presence of dicyandiamide and two phenols containing phosphorus atoms. The thermosets are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) tests. A nonisothermal kinetic study is performed based on processing of TGA data applying the method proposed by Vyazovkin. The lifetime prediction analyses establish that the phosphorus-containing polymers could be used at a constant temperature of 200°C up to 200–780 min. The MCC tests reveal an improvement of the flammability behavior, as well as a significant heat release capacity reduction for phosphorus-containing samples compared to the sample which has no phosphorus component.

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Brekhova, K. A., and I. D. Simonov-Emelyanov. "Generalized nomogram for determining the type of structure and composition of fire-resistant polymer composite materials with fire-retardant fillers." Plasticheskie massy, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2024): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2024-01-3-5.

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A generalized nomogram for designing the type of structure and compositions of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials (DFPCM) with flame retardant fillers having high combustion resistance and a high oxygen index (OI) is proposed on the example of polymer composite based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and magnesium hydroxide of EcoPyrene brand. The nomogram combines into a single whole the previously obtained dependencies for the calculation and organization of different types of structure of DFPCM and data on combustion resistance and OI values.

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Mueller, Warren B. "Polyphosphazene Foam—A New Highly Fire Resistant Thermal Insulation." Journal of Cellular Plastics 22, no. 1 (January 1986): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x8602200102.

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Suzuki, H., T. Tsujita, N. Shamoto, and K. Inada. "Fire resistant optical cables with special plastic coated fibers." Polymer Engineering and Science 29, no. 17 (September 1989): 1182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291708.

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Yılmaz-Atay, Hüsnügül, and Jacek Lukasz Wilk-Jakubowski. "A Review of Environmentally Friendly Approaches in Fire Extinguishing: From Chemical Sciences to Innovations in Electrical Engineering." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061224.

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After the invention of fire, the fight against fire probably started, and it has been going on for thousands of years. During this time, the aim has always been to extinguish the fire as soon as possible and to produce fire-resistant materials. Symmetry plays an important role in reducing problems, as it is a common feature of modern life. Multidimensional signal processing has many applications, an example of which is the use of appropriately timed acoustic waves to extinguish flames. This article provides a brief review of issues related to the use of acoustic waves for flame suppression based on studies in the literature. In addition, measurement results available in the literature obtained using a high-power acoustic extinguisher are discussed as a review of the scientific literature. Furthermore, we provide the latest information on the situation of flame retardants, including the latest innovations in basic sciences. In this sense, from intrinsically fire-resistant materials to flame-retardant additives and nanocomposites, new processes and applications are briefly mentioned.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire resistant polymers'

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