Academic literature on the topic 'Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Wildfires Wildfires Wildfires'

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Journal articles on the topic "Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Wildfires Wildfires Wildfires"

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Zhou, Fangrong, Hao Pan, Zhenyu Gao, Xuyong Huang, Guochao Qian, Yu Zhu, and Feng Xiao. "Fire Prediction Based on CatBoost Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (July 19, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1929137.

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In recent years, increasingly severe wildfires have posed a significant threat to the safe and stable operation of transmission lines. Wildfire risk assessment and early warning have become an important research topic in power grid risk assessment. This study proposes a fire prediction model on the basis of the CatBoost algorithm to effectively predict the fire point. Five wildfire risk factors, including vegetation factors, meteorological factors, human factors, terrain factors, and land surface temperature, were combined using the feature selection method on the basis of the gradient boosting decision tree model and principal component analysis to achieve dimensionality reduction of redundant data and create a fire prediction model. The MODIS fire point product is used as the model evaluation data. The verification result uses the AUC value as the evaluation factor. The accuracy of the model is 0.82, and the AUC value is 0.83. The obtained fire point evaluation results are in good agreement with the actual fire points. Results show that this model can effectively predict the risk of wildfires.
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Adaktylou, Nektaria, Dimitris Stratoulias, and Rick Landenberger. "Wildfire Risk Assessment Based on Geospatial Open Data: Application on Chios, Greece." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090516.

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Wildfires burn tens of thousands of hectares of forest, chaparral and grassland in Mediterranean countries every year, giving rise to landscape, ecologic, economic, and public safety concerns. On the Greek island of Chios and in many other Mediterranean landscapes, areas affected by fire are difficult to access and control due to rugged terrain, requiring wildfire preparedness and response plans that support fire fighting. This study utilized open source data and a weighted linear combination to extract factors that determine wildfire risk. Landsat satellite imagery and publicly available geospatial data were used to create a Geographic Information System and a multi-criteria analysis to develop a methodology for spatially modeling fire risk on Chios, a Greek island with frequent fire occurrence. This study focused on the static, structural component of the risk assessment to produce a spatial distribution of fire risk as a thematic map. Fire weather conditions were accounted for using Fuel Moisture Content, which reflected dryness of dead fuels and water deficit of live biomass. To assess the results, historic fire data representing actual occurrence of fire incidents were compared with probable fire locations predicted by our GIS model. It was found that there was a good agreement between the ground reference data and the results of the created fire risk model. The findings will help fire authorities identify areas of high risk for wildfire and plan the allocation of resources accordingly. This is because the outputs of the designed fire risk model are not complex or challenging to use in Chios, Greece and other landscapes.
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Palaiologou, Palaiologos, Alan A. Ager, Cody R. Evers, Max Nielsen-Pincus, Michelle A. Day, and Haiganoush K. Preisler. "Fine-scale assessment of cross-boundary wildfire events in the western United States." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 1755–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1755-2019.

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Abstract. We report a fine-scale assessment of cross-boundary wildfire events for the western US. We used simulation modeling to quantify the extent of fire exchange among major federal, state, and private land tenures and mapped locations where fire ignitions can potentially affect populated places. We examined how parcel size affects wildfire transmission and partitioned the relative amounts of transmitted fire between human and natural ignitions. We estimated that 85 % of the total predicted wildfire activity, as measured by area burned, originates from four land tenures (Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, private, and state lands) and 63 % of the total amount results from natural versus human ignitions. On average, one-third of the area burned by predicted wildfires was nonlocal, meaning that the source ignition was on a different land tenure. Land tenures with smaller parcels tended to receive more incoming fire on a proportional basis, while the largest fires were generated from ignitions in national parks, national forests, and public and tribal lands. Among the 11 western states, the amount and pattern of cross-boundary fire varied substantially in terms of which land tenures were mostly exposed, by whom, and to what extent. We also found spatial variability in terms of community exposure among states, and more than half of the predicted structure exposure was caused by ignitions on private lands or within the wildland–urban interface areas. This study addressed gaps in existing wildfire risk assessments that do not explicitly consider cross-boundary fire transmission and do not identify the source of fire. The results can be used by state, federal, and local fire planning organizations to help improve risk mitigation programs.
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Salis, Michele, Liliana Del Giudice, Peter R. Robichaud, Alan A. Ager, Annalisa Canu, Pierpaolo Duce, Grazia Pellizzaro, et al. "Coupling wildfire spread and erosion models to quantify post-fire erosion before and after fuel treatments." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 9 (2019): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19034.

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Wildfires are known to change post-fire watershed conditions such that hillslopes can become prone to increased erosion and sediment delivery. In this work, we coupled wildfire spread and erosion prediction modelling to assess the benefits of fuel reduction treatments in preventing soil runoff. The study was conducted in a 68000-ha forest area located in Sardinia, Italy. We compared no-treatment conditions v. alternative strategic fuel treatments performed in 15% of the area. Fire behaviour before and after treatments was estimated by simulating 25000 wildfires for each condition using the minimum travel time fire-spread algorithm. The fire simulations replicated historic conditions associated with severe wildfires in the study area. Sediment delivery was then estimated using the Erosion Risk Management Tool (ERMiT). Our results showed how post-fire sediment delivery varied among and within fuel treatment scenarios. The most efficient treatment alternative was that implemented near the road network. We also evaluated other factors such as exceedance probability, time since fire, slope, fire severity and vegetation type on post-fire sediment delivery. This work provides a quantitative assessment approach to inform and optimise proactive risk management activities intended to reduce post-fire erosion.
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Kotroni, Vassiliki, Constantinos Cartalis, Silas Michaelides, Julia Stoyanova, Fillipos Tymvios, Antonis Bezes, Theodoros Christoudias, et al. "DISARM Early Warning System for Wildfires in the Eastern Mediterranean." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 6670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166670.

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This paper discusses the main achievements of DISARM (Drought and fIre ObServatory and eArly waRning system) project, which developed an early warning system for wildfires in the Eastern Mediterranean. The four pillars of this system include (i) forecasting wildfire danger, (ii) detecting wildfires with remote sensing techniques, (iii) forecasting wildfire spread with a coupled weather-fire modeling system, and (iv) assessing the wildfire risk in the frame of climate change. Special emphasis is given to the innovative and replicable parts of the system. It is shown that for the effective use of fire weather forecasting in different geographical areas and in order to account for the local climate conditions, a proper adjustment of the wildfire danger classification is necessary. Additionally, the consideration of vegetation dryness may provide better estimates of wildfire danger. Our study also highlights some deficiencies of both EUMETSAT (Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) and LSA-SAF (Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis) algorithms in their skill to detect wildfires over islands and near the coastline. To tackle this issue, a relevant modification is proposed. Furthermore, it is shown that IRIS, the coupled atmosphere-fire modeling system developed in the frame of DISARM, has proven to be a valuable supporting tool in fire suppression actions. Finally, assessment of the wildfire danger in the future climate provides the necessary context for the development of regional adaptation strategies to climate change.
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Tutsch, Matthew, Wolfgang Haider, Ben Beardmore, Kenneth Lertzman, Andrew B. Cooper, and Robert C. Walker. "Estimating the consequences of wildfire for wildfire risk assessment, a case study in the southern Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 11 (November 2010): 2104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-159.

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Wildfire risk assessment research has made considerable progress towards estimating the probability of wildfires but comparatively little progress towards estimating the expected consequences of potential fires. One challenge with estimating wildfire consequences has been to identify a common metric that can be applied to consequences measured in different units. In this paper, we use the preferences of representatives of local fire management agencies as the common consequences metric and apply it to a case study in the southern Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada. The method uses an expert survey and a maximum-difference conjoint analysis to establish the relative importance of specific fire consequences. A fire with a major potential for loss of life was considered to be about three times worse than major damage to houses and 4.5 times worse than loss of a rare species. Risk ratings were very sensitive to changes in fire consequences ratings. As the complexity of values at risk and number of stakeholders increase, the most efficient allocation of wildfire prevention, protection, and suppression resources becomes increasingly challenging to determine. Thus, as the complexity of stakeholder representation and values at risk increases, we need to pay increasing attention to quantitative methods for measuring wildfire consequences.
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Mahmoud, Hussam, and Akshat Chulahwat. "Assessing wildland–urban interface fire risk." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 8 (August 2020): 201183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201183.

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Recent wildfire events, in the United States (USA) and around the world, have resulted in thousands of homes destroyed and many lives lost, leaving communities and policy makers, once again, with the question as to how to manage wildfire risk. This is particularly important given the prevalent trend of increased fire frequency and intensity. Current approaches to managing wildfires focus on fire suppression and managing fuel build-up in wildlands. However, reliance on these strategies alone has clearly proven inadequate. As such, focus should be shifted towards minimizing potential losses to communities. Achieving this goal, however, requires detailed understanding of the factors that contribute to community vulnerability and the interplay between probability of ignition, vulnerability and calculated risk. In this study, we evaluate wildfire risk for four different communities across the USA for the duration of May to September to communicate a different perspective of risk assessment. We show, for the first time, that community risk is closely related to wind speed and direction, pattern of surrounding wildland vegetation, and buildings layout. The importance of the findings lies in the need for exploring unique viable solutions to reduce risk for every community independently as opposed to embracing a generalized approach as is currently the case.
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I, Lavanya. "A Neural Network Model for Wildfire Scale Prediction using Meteorological Factors." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 25, 2021): 2646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35258.

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Forest fires are natural hazards defined as movements of fire through unregulated and uncontrolled forested areas. They pose a permanent risk of loss of forest and forest land. The ability to reliably forecast the region that could be involved in a forest fire incident will help to optimize fire prevention efforts. It appears that Portugal may theoretically make better use of the wildfire risk assessment. More than any other region in Europe, it is a country overrun by wildfires. It has a large amount of forest. Forest fires have a long-term impact on the climate because they contribute to deforestation and global warming, which is one of the main causes of the phenomenon. This research employs Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models with meteorological parameters as inputs to anticipate forest fires as a means of safeguarding forest biodiversity. The results indicate that using meteorological data, it is possible to anticipate the severity of a forest fire at the beginning.
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Parisien, Marc-André, Denyse A. Dawe, Carol Miller, Christopher A. Stockdale, and O. Bradley Armitage. "Applications of simulation-based burn probability modelling: a review." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 12 (2019): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19069.

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Wildland fire scientists and land managers working in fire-prone areas require spatial estimates of wildfire potential. To fulfill this need, a simulation-modelling approach was developed whereby multiple individual wildfires are modelled in an iterative fashion across a landscape to obtain location-based measures of fire likelihood and fire behaviour (e.g. fire intensity, biomass consumption). This method, termed burn probability (BP) modelling, takes advantage of fire spread algorithms created for operational uses and the proliferation of available data representing wildfire patterns, fuels and weather. This review describes this approach and provides an overview of its applications in wildland fire research, risk analysis and land management. We broadly classify the application of BP models as (1) direct examination, (2) neighbourhood processes, (3) fire hazard and risk and (4) integration with secondary models. Direct examination analyses are those that require no further processing of model outputs; they range from a simple visual examination of outputs to an assessment of alternate states (i.e. scenarios). Neighbourhood process analyses examine patterns of fire ignitions and subsequent spread across land designations. Fire hazard combines fire probability and a quantitative assessment of fire behaviour, whereas risk is the product of fire likelihood and potential impacts of wildfire. The integration with secondary models represents situations where BP model outputs are integrated into, or used in conjunction with, other models or modelling platforms.
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Guillaume, Bruno, Bernard Porterie, Antonio Batista, Phil Cottle, and Armand Albergel. "Improving the uncertainty assessment of economic losses from large destructive wildfires." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 6 (2019): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18104.

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Currently, as fire risk is considered a high-frequency and low-severity risk, actuarial and underwriting pricing and risk management methods have stuck to methods based purely on historical loss data. In the global context of both increasing fire severity with climate change and increasing wildland–urban interface area, the use of environmental-based dynamical modelling tools offers a good alternative to better evaluate fire risk. A new method is presented here that combines the raster-based fire spread model SWIFFT and a stochastic approach for generating the spatial and temporal distribution of ignition points. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted, and the uncertainties of hazard and losses are evaluated. Adapted and applied to the landscape conditions of a Brazilian plantation, it is shown to be well suited for a precise reconstruction of the fire burnt area. Finally, the uncertainty assessment of losses for this study zone is presented. We conclude by discussing this new method, which has a high level of traceable uncertainty and how fire risk insurance can deal with it, as well as the progress of future research that will benefit from this method.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Wildfires Wildfires Wildfires"

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Stambaugh, Michael C. Guyette Richard P. "Fire risk assessment of the western portion of the central hardwoods forest region." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6628.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 25, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Richard P. Guyette. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Akinnusi, Olamigoke Adekunle. "Mapping the potential of veld fire occurrence in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, using GIS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53495.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape are an annual occurrence. These veld fires occur as a result of human, natural and unknown causes. The Mediteranean weather conditions of the South Western Cape and its typical vegetation are conducive to these fires. Within the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, the use of fire can be advantageous for conservation and forest managers as a tool for fire management e.g. preparation of fire belts, reduction of veld fire occurrence by burning fuel load, rejuvenation of indigenous vegetation and enhancing the water yield of surrounding areas within their management area. Abnormally high incidences and run away veld fires within the management area of conservation and forest managers leads to. the loss of biodiversity, destruction of properties and loss of human lives, and extensive soil erosion. This study aimed at identifying factors contributing towards the occurrence of veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, and using GIS to analyse spatially the contributing variables, and to generate seasonal veld fire hazard maps. Potential veld fire occurrence on a seasonal basis was mapped using spatial analyses of variables that are significant to the distribution of veld fires within the study area. Variables used to assess potential veld fire occurrences were: vegetation, slope, population density (human influence), proximity to roads, mean monthly maximum temperatures and mean monthly rainfall. The veld fire hazard maps generated indicated that potential for veld fire occurrence is high in the summer and autumn months, decreasing to a low in the winter and spring seasons. The exception is the Southern Cape sub-region where the possibility of veld fires can be quite high in winter as a result of Fohn-like berg winds. These winds are characterized by sudden increases in temperature and decreases in humidity that may pose severe fire hazards. Reducing and containing veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape depends on the effective use of the seasonal veld fire hazard maps. The maps can be used to delineate critical zones of veld fire occurrence which can be used for evaluating costeffective control measures and can be implemented to reduce the level of veld fire danger within the management areas of conservation and forest managers. There is a need for a Catchment Management System (CMS) (Richardson, Van Wilgen, Le Maitre, Higgins & Forsyth, 1994) that can be used to generate daily probabilities of veld fire occurrence and to link these to fire-spread models for predicting or simulating expected fire directions and severities or intensities, and educating people about fires and the damage it can do.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elke jaar kom daar veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap voor. Die oorsake van hierdie veldbrande is van menslike, natuurlike of onbekende oorsprong. Die Mediterreense weersomstandighede en die tipiese plantegroei van die Suidwes-Kaap is ook bevorderlik vir die ontstaan van veldbrande. In die berggebiede van hierdie streek kan die gebruik van vuur egter ook tot voordeel van natuurbewaring en bosbou aangewend word deurdat dit gebruik kan word as 'n metode om die brande te bestuur, soos in die voorbereiding van brandpaaie, in die vermindering van die voorkoms van veldbrande deur vooraf van die brandbare materiale af te brand, in die vernuwing van die inheemse plantegroei en in die verhoging van wateropbrengs in die omliggende gebiede binne die area wat bestuur moet word. 'n Abnormale hoë voorkoms van veldbrande binne die bestuursgebied van bewarings- en bosboubestuurders lei egter tot 'n verlies aan biodiversiteit, die vernietiging van eiendom, 'n verlies aan menselewens en uitgebreide gronderosie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die faktore wat bydra tot die voorkoms van veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap te identifiseer, om GIS te gebruik om 'n ruimtelike analise van die bydraende veranderlikes te doen en om dan 'n seisoenale veldbrandgevaarkaart saam te stel. Die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande op 'n seisoenale basis is gekarteer deur gebruik te maak van ruimtelike analises van die veranderlikes van belang in die verspreiding van veldbrande in die studiegebied. Die volgende veranderlikes is gebruik om die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande te bepaal: plantegroei, helling, bevolkingsdigtheid (invloed van mense), afstand vanaf paaie, gemiddelde maandelikse maksimum temperature en gemiddelde maandelikse reënval. Die veldbrandgevaarkaarte wat ontwikkel is, het aangetoon dat die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande hoog is in die somer- en herfsmaande en dan afneem tot 'n laagtepunt in die winter en lente. 'n Uitsondering is die Suid-Kaap-substreek waar die moontlikheid van veldbrande selfs in die winter taamlik hoog is as gevolg van Fëhn-tipe bergwinde. Hierdie winde word gekenmerk deur In skielike toename in temperatuur en In afname in humiditeit wat die brandgevaar skerp kan verhoog. Die vermoë om veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap te verminder en te beperk, sal grootliks afhang van die effektiewe gebruik van die seisoenale veldbrandgevaar-kaarte. Die kaarte kan gebruik word vir die afbakening van kritieke sones vir die voorkoms van veldbrande wat dan gebruik kan word vir die evaluering van koste-effektiewe beheermaatreëls. Hierdie kaarte kan dan geïmplementeer word om die vlakke van veldbrandgevaar binne die gebiede waarvoor bewarings- en bosboubestuurders verantwoordelik is, te verminder. Daar is In behoefte aan In opvanggebiedbestuurstelsel (OGB) (Richardson, Van Wilgen, Le Maitre, Higgins & Forsyth 1994) wat gebruik kan word om daaglikse waarskynlikhede vir die voorkoms van veldbrande te genereer. Dit kan gekoppel word aan brandverspreidingsmodelle wat die verwagte rigting van brandverspreiding, asook die ems of intensiteit daarvan, kan voorspelof simuleer. Die publiek moet ook ingelig word oor veldbrande en die skade wat daardeur aangerig kan word.
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De, Vos Johanna B. M. "Respiratory health effects of occupational exposure to bushfire smoke in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0001.

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Bushfires are an integral part of the Australian environment, and consequently Australian fire fighters are regularly confronted with the challenge of bushfire fighting activities. Bushfires can be extensive and long-lasting, and as a result fire fighters can be exposed to bushfire smoke for long periods without respite. Anecdotal evidence suggests that bushfire smoke exposure can lead to respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. In an optimal environment, fire fighters are equipped with respirators and protective filters to prevent the inhalation of the air toxics in bushfire smoke. Yet, reports from the fire ground indicate that the protective filters are not effective in preventing the inhalation of bushfire smoke. As a result, fire fighters have increasingly expressed concern about the ineffective equipment and the resultant respiratory symptoms during and after bushfire fighting. This research aims to establish a scientific data base to support the anecdotal evidence. The objectives of the research were: (1) to identify and quantify the air toxics in Western Australian bushfire smoke; (2) to profile the acute respiratory health effects associated with bushfire smoke exposure; (3) to assess the effectiveness of three different types of filters under controlled conditions in a smoke chamber, and in the field during fuel reduction burn-off; (4) to formulate recommendations for reducing fire fighters' exposure to bushfire smoke; and (5) to inform policy decision makers about the most effective form of respiratory protective equipment for bushfire fighting. Exposure trials were conducted in an experimental setting utilising bushfire smoke conditions in a smoke chamber and during prescribed burn-offs. Repeated measurements of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function and oximetry were undertaken before and after bushfire smoke exposure. In addition, personal air sampling inside the respirators was undertaken to quantify and compare the levels of filtered air toxics. The analysis of the collected data demonstrated that, of those compared, the particulate/organic vapour formaldehyde filter was most effective in protecting fire fighters' respiratory health during the smoke exposure period of maximally 120 minutes. Further research would be useful to determine the v effectiveness of the filters under more realistic conditions during bushfire fighting activities. The findings of this research have resulted in a policy review in Western Australia. In 2006, the Fire and Emergency Services Authority of Western Australia (FESA) reviewed its Bush Fire Smoke Exposure Standard Operational Procedures 51, and now issues the recommended particulate/organic vapour/formaldehyde filters to the 1,000 FESA career fire fighters. The use of protective equipment for bushfire fighters is inadequately regulated worldwide and the recommendation implemented by FESA can be seen as proactive and in advance of national and international best practice. In conclusion, this project was instrumental in the translation of public health research into best practice that protects occupational health, without the need for the lengthy process of legislative reform. Fire fighter organisations in other countries with high frequencies of bushfires could learn from this example, and move to review their policies and introduce adequate personal protection for fire fighters.
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Vorster, Willem Adriaan. "Assessment and analysis of wildfires with the aid of Remote Sensing and GIS." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14433.

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Wildfires destroy large tracts of veld and forest land every year in South Africa. These fires can be devastating, resulting in loss of human lives, the destruction of property and the loss of income, for example the forest fire in the Sabie district in Mpumalanga in 2007 which destroyed about 7% of South Africa’s forested areas. There are frequently legal disputes with respect to the origin of wildfires, the extent of the fire and the land cover destroyed by the fires. The forensic capabilities of remote sensing in detecting and analysing post-wildfire characteristics have become an important contribution towards solving such legal disputes and in understanding wildfire characteristics. These post fire products can be used as evidence in court cases. Most of the time those court cases came up a few years after the fire event. By then, little or no evidence can be found on the terrain where the fire was. Remote sensing archives provide a reliable source of data that can be used to analyse these events after these long intervals. The objective of this project is to highlight the methods used to generate these post-wildfire analysis products.
Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
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Books on the topic "Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Wildfires Wildfires Wildfires"

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Stratton, Richard D. Guidance on spatial wildland fire analysis: Models, tools, and techniques. Fort Collins, CO: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2006.

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Reinhardt, Timothy E. Smoke exposure at western wildfires. [Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000.

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Reinhardt, Timothy E. Smoke exposure at western wildfires. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000.

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Reinhardt, Timothy E. Smoke exposure at western wildfires. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000.

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Sikkink, Pamela G. Predicting fire severity using surface fuels and moisture. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012.

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A future in flames. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Pub., 2010.

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Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), ed. A comparative risk assessment framework for wildland fire management: The 2010 cohesive strategy science report. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2011.

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Biswell Symposium: Fire Issues and Solutions in Urban Interface and Wildland Ecosystems (1994 Walnut Creek, Calif.). The Biswell Symposium: Fire Issues and Solutions in Urban Interface and Wildland Ecosystems : February 15-17, 1994, Walnut Creek, California. Albany, Calif: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1996.

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Biswell Symposium: Fire Issues and Solutions in Urban Interface and Wildland Ecosystems (1994 Walnut Creek, Calif.). The Biswell Symposium, Fire Issues and Solutions in Urban Interface and Wildland Ecosystems: February 15-17, 1994, Walnut Creek, California. Albany, Calif: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1996.

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Bryant, Benjamin, and Anthony Westerling. Potential effects of climate change on residential wildfire risk in California: Final paper. Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Wildfires Wildfires Wildfires"

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Calkin, David, Owen Price, and Michele Salis. "WUI Risk Assessment at the Landscape Level." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51727-8_97-1.

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Calkin, David, Owen Price, and Michele Salis. "WUI Risk Assessment at the Landscape Level." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 1184–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52090-2_97.

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Salis, Michele, Alan A. Ager, Mark A. Finney, Fermin Alcasena Urdiroz, Bachisio Arca, Olga Muñoz Lozano, Paul Santoni, and Donatella Spano. "Application of simulation modeling for wildfire risk assessment and management." In Advances in forest fire research, 1646–57. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0884-6_181.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Fire risk assessment Wildfires Wildfires Wildfires"

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HomChaudhuri, Baisravan, Sheng Zhao, Kelly Cohen, and Manish Kumar. "Generation of Optimal Fire-Line for Fighting Wildland Fires Using Genetic Algorithms." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2707.

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Abstract:
Every year all over the world, wildfires do extensive damages to the human lives, properties and natural resources. National Interagency Fire Center data provides a detailed description of the severe damages caused by the wildfires every year. Forest Fire Decision Support Systems (FFDSS) have been developed all over the world during the last thirty years with the purpose of fire detection, fire behavior prediction, and risk assessment. But optimized wildland fire containment strategies are largely lacking in these FFDSS. In this paper, decision making strategies have been formulated for wildland fire suppression so that the total burned area and hence the damage is minimized. This goal is achieved by the application of optimization tools such as the Genetic Algorithms (GA). For a given number of resources, the GA will determine their best utilization strategy so that the total area burnt is minimized. For generating optimal strategies for resource utilization, the Genetic Algorithm uses an advanced fire propagation model that predicts the propagation of wildland fires under given environmental conditions and topography. The fire-fighting strategy considered in this paper is fireline generation. Using the Genetic Algorithm, the optimal fireline is built that minimizes the area of land burned. GA also provides the proper locations of the attacking crews so that the fireline is built before the fire escapes. Using these intelligent decision making strategies, the damage caused due to a forest fire can be minimized significantly.
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Karagiozova, Tzviatka, and Plamen Ninov. "HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT AND FIRE RELATIONSHIP." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.13.

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Abstract:
Drought can be defined in meteorological terms or in relative terms with respect to hydrology and ecosystems. Meteorological drought is not a necessary or a sufficient condition for fire, because fires burn during conditions of normal seasonal aridity. Drought occurs without wildfires in the absence of ignitions. However, when drought occurs, both live and dead fuels can dry out and become more flammable. Hydrologic drought as natural event is the result of long-lasting rainfall in the catchment area leading to the gradual depletion of water resources in the river network and the occurrence of a drought. Typically, hydrological drought is recorded as a river runoff below acceptable critical value. The authors explore the relationship between hydrological drought and forest fires. They present projections of fire-related drought indicators: the hydrologic indicator 7Q10 (the lowest 7-day average flow that occurs on average once every 10 years). The implementation of the hydrological drought as an approach for fire risk assessment has just started in Bulgaria. For this purpose, the assessment of the feasibility of using the hydrological 7Q10 drought index as a fire hazard indicator in real time is based on archive information on the variation of hydrological characteristics in the river network before and during an actual fire in an accepted pilot catchment. The Hydrologic Index 7Q10 for the pilot catchment of the Struma River was determined according to the rules for the last 15 years (2003-2017) using the daily water flows from all hydrometric stations The results of the presented study confirm the possibility of using the hydrological 7Q10 drought index to assess the risk of real-time fires by information on runoff from operational hydrological stations. One of the largest fires in the Struma River in 2017 occurred in an area identified as a fire on a highly hazard area according to the hydrological drought index 7Q10.
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