Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fire safety of buildings

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fire safety of buildings'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fire safety of buildings"

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M. Sivashanmugam, M. Sivashanmugam, and Lilly grace murali. P. "Enhancing Fire Safety Methods in Buildings." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2014/151.

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Vovk, S., N. Ferents, and A. Lyn. "RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE." Fire Safety 37 (January 6, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.04.

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Problem. Religious buildings with a large number of people are fire hazardous. In total, there are 17,407 religious buildings in Ukraine. Out of them, approximately 3,000 are highly fire hazardous wooden buildings.The fire danger feature of religious buildings is open fire usage: candles, torches, lamps, underground rooms with complex planning, lack of ventilation systems. Besides, ancient religious buildings are mostly built using wooden materials. Fires occuring there are resonant, causing material and spiritual damage to the state and society. On average, about 20 fires occur each year in religious buildings, including wooden temples of historical heritage.Рurpose. Fire analysis in religious buildings in Ukraine and their occurrence causes; fire safety of religious buildings research.Preventive measures for religious building fire safety in Ukraine are prioritised by state program for emergency response. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine constantly monitors compliance with fire safety standards, which includes regular facilities inspections, personnel training control to prevent fires and reduce the consequences of fires, development, implementation, and control of technical methods of safety.Research methods. To achieve this goal, further methods were used: historical, systemic, theoretical generalization, abstract, logical, analysis, synthesis, comparative, and statistical methods.The main results. The most common shortcomings in religious building fire protection are the lack or malfunction of automatic fire alarms, power grid requirement non-compliance with the rules of the power grid, improper facility provision of with primary fire extinguishers, lack of lightning and water supplies for firefighting. In most buildings, wooden structures are not treated with refractory mortar.Fire causes and ways to prevent and improve fire safety are analyzed, namely: fire protection of religious building wooden elements, dome space fire extinguishing systems, fire alarm systems, lightning protection, safe people’s evacuation, candlesticks installation on non-combustible surfaces, primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire condition qualitative inspection of the of the heritage building, etc.Conclusions. After service, buildings must be completely deenergized, lighted candles and open fires must not be left unattended in the church. In religious buildings, it is necessary to carry out fire protection of wooden elements constructions, to install fire extinguishing systems in domed space, fire alarm system, lightning protection, to watch serviceability of electric networks. Rules of fire safety requirements for religious buildings are aimed at solving an important task - religious buildings safety. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, the most important requirements are not implemented to improve fire safety.
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Vovk, S., N. Ferents, and A. Lyn. "RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE." Fire Safety 37 (January 6, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.04.

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Problem. Religious buildings with a large number of people are fire hazardous. In total, there are 17,407 religious buildings in Ukraine. Out of them, approximately 3,000 are highly fire hazardous wooden buildings.The fire danger feature of religious buildings is open fire usage: candles, torches, lamps, underground rooms with complex planning, lack of ventilation systems. Besides, ancient religious buildings are mostly built using wooden materials. Fires occuring there are resonant, causing material and spiritual damage to the state and society. On average, about 20 fires occur each year in religious buildings, including wooden temples of historical heritage.Рurpose. Fire analysis in religious buildings in Ukraine and their occurrence causes; fire safety of religious buildings research.Preventive measures for religious building fire safety in Ukraine are prioritised by state program for emergency response. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine constantly monitors compliance with fire safety standards, which includes regular facilities inspections, personnel training control to prevent fires and reduce the consequences of fires, development, implementation, and control of technical methods of safety.Research methods. To achieve this goal, further methods were used: historical, systemic, theoretical generalization, abstract, logical, analysis, synthesis, comparative, and statistical methods.The main results. The most common shortcomings in religious building fire protection are the lack or malfunction of automatic fire alarms, power grid requirement non-compliance with the rules of the power grid, improper facility provision of with primary fire extinguishers, lack of lightning and water supplies for firefighting. In most buildings, wooden structures are not treated with refractory mortar.Fire causes and ways to prevent and improve fire safety are analyzed, namely: fire protection of religious building wooden elements, dome space fire extinguishing systems, fire alarm systems, lightning protection, safe people’s evacuation, candlesticks installation on non-combustible surfaces, primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire condition qualitative inspection of the of the heritage building, etc.Conclusions. After service, buildings must be completely deenergized, lighted candles and open fires must not be left unattended in the church. In religious buildings, it is necessary to carry out fire protection of wooden elements constructions, to install fire extinguishing systems in domed space, fire alarm system, lightning protection, to watch serviceability of electric networks. Rules of fire safety requirements for religious buildings are aimed at solving an important task - religious buildings safety. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, the most important requirements are not implemented to improve fire safety.
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Mikolai, Imrich. "Fire Safety of Sacral Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.199.

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Religions activities are realized in specific buildings which are not dwelling units. From fire safety point of view is necessary to assessed these buildings as an assembly rooms on which specific fire safety requests are made, in majority cases. To need of safety evacuation of people from the specific building in case of fire is subordinated not only choice of building constructions and used surfacing but also the need of safe evacuation. Quality building constructions and also fire safety equipment of buildings are basic conditions of fire safety of sacral buildings.
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Yu, Chia Chun, Te Chi Chen, Cherng Shing Lin, and Shih Cheng Wang. "Numerical Simulation of the Performance-Based of the Building Fire Protection Safety Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.668.

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In order to understand the fire safety of the various types of buildings, we need more flexible and efficient performance-estimating methods to verify fire protection safety in various types of buildings. Assuming can utilize computer fire simulation software CFAST / FDS + Evac to analyze Taiwan's domestic fire cases, in order to understand in the different fires heat flow transfer, and toxic smoke diffuse, and human evacuation to escape, and other important fire parameter characteristics, in the building the fire protection safety evaluating to produce the efficiency. This study is used cases of fires in four-story old-style residential and commercial mixed-use buildings to explain building fire performance-based numerical evaluation methods, and to provide quantitative data and reference information in Taiwan performance-based codes creating and the fire protection to project design is helpful in the buildings.
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Hasemi, Yuji. "Lessons from Japanese Experience with Fire Disasters in Public Buildings." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0292.

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Fatal fire disasters in commercial and hotel buildings and social effort not to repeat disasters from the 1930s to the beginning of the 21st Century in Japan are reviewed to verify what have been learnt from fire disasters in modern public buildings. Shirokiya Department fire in 1932, Japan's first significant fatal fire in commercial building, evoked social awareness of fire safety in high-rise buildings, and led to the requirements for general framework for the limitation of fire damage in large scale building such as fire separation for the restriction of damaged area, protected escape staircases, and sprinklers. However, procrastination in introducing smoke control and floor-to-floor fire and smoke separation is believed to have become a background for the frequent fatal fires in public buildings in the 1960s. Experience of fatal fires in hotel buildings from the 1960s to the mid-1980s led to the introduction of labeling of fire safety and qualification of fire safety manager for hotels, which became the main background for exterminating fatal hotel fires.
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Wang, Yaw Long, Yi Ming Chang, Mei Li You, Kun Yue Chen, Chun Ping Lin, and Chi Min Shu. "Fire Safety Assessment Research for High-Tech Plants." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.920.

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Most of the buildings for high-tech plants are fireproof and the process equipment in the clean room is in compliance with high-standard fire prevention evaluation regulations such as National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), Factory Mutual (FM),and Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI). However, fire management is usually neglected though fire protection higher than domestic fire control regulations is applied. Fireproof and smoke-proof design of the original buildings can be damaged due to expansion of production facilities, causing a potential danger of a fire. Cases of fires in domestic semiconductor manufacturing factories were explored in this research and claim settlements provided by MSIG Mingtai InsuranceCo.,Ltd., Taiwan to high-tech plants were analyzed for determination of the quantified weights used by the insurance companies when evaluating fire risks of a building. The fire safety badge promoted by Architecture and Building Research Institute, and Ministry of the Interior was also discussed for reference of fire safety assessments of high-tech factory buildings in the future.
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Yau, Albert, and Samuel K. M. Ho. "Fire Risk Analysis and Optimization of Fire Prevention Management for Green Building Design and High Rise Buildings: Hong Kong Experience." Nang Yan Business Journal 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nybj-2015-0004.

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Abstract There are many iconic high rise buildings in Hong Kong, for example, International Commercial Centre, International Financial Centre, etc. Fire safety issue in high rise buildings has been raised by local fire professionals in terms of occupant evacuation, means of fire-fighting by fire fighters, sprinkler systems to automatically put off fires in buildings, etc. Fire risk becomes an important issue in building fire safety because it relates to life safety of building occupants where they live and work in high rise buildings in Hong Kong. The aim of this research is to identify the fire risk for different types of high rise buildings in Hong Kong and to optimise the fire prevention management for those high rise buildings with higher level of fire risk and to validate the model and also to carry out the study of the conflict between the current fire safety building code and the current trend of green building design. Survey via the 7-point scale questionnaire was conducted through 50 participants and their responses were received and analysed via the statistical tool SPSS software computer program. A number of statistical methods of testing for significantly difference in samples were adopted to carry out the analysis of the data received. When the statistical analysis was completed, the results of the data analysis were validated by two Fire Safety Experts in this area of specialisation and also by quantitative fire risk analysis.
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Evtushenko, Sergej, Viktoriya Lyepikhova, Nadezhda Lyashenko, and Nikolay CHibinyev. "IMPROVING FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES." Construction and Architecture 8, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2020-8-4-95-100.

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The article provides statistics of fires in Russia from electric and gas welding works and identifies their distinctive feature from other causes of fires in buildings and structures. The authors substantiate the need to modernize the welding torch and determine the factors that additionally affect the fire hazard of fire operations in a closed room. The article describes the main requirements for gas welding and cutting equipment. It also shows the importance of primary fire extinguishing means in the elimination of emergency situations involving fires in buildings. The authors indicate the method of modernization of the welding torch and consider the effectiveness of using portable fire extinguishers to eliminate indoor fires in the initial stage of their development. The paper presents the results of the efficiency of modernization of welding torches in the elimination of fires during gas welding operations.
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murali P, Lilly grace, and M. M. Vijayalakshmi. "Enhancing Life Safety Provisions in Fire Zones of Buildings." International Journal of Engineering Research 3, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijer/v3s6/608.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fire safety of buildings"

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Wu, Shao-Hoong. "The Fire Safety Design of Apartment Buildings." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8303.

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In Australia and New Zealand, residential buildings have the highest number of fire fatalities each year, compared to any other occupancy type. The majority of these fatalities occur in single family dwellings, but a proportion of these fatalities occur in apartment buildings. Apartment building fires also have the potential to be high fatality fires, due to greater occupant numbers and more complex egress paths. With the movement away from prescriptive building codes, building fire safety design can become more efficient and effective. This should ultimately result in equivalent or better fire safety for occupants, and economical savings with respect to the building codes. The objective of this research report is to discuss the primary issues concerning apartment buildings and to provide a guidance matrix for the fire safety design of apartment buildings, that comprehensively integrates all aspects of fire safety. The fire safety design matrix is presented as a three by two matrix, which recommends minimum fire safety measures based on building height, sprinkler protection and the building emergency plan. The selection of fire safety measures is based on providing multiple levels of protection for the occupants, and addressing the primary characteristics of different apartment buildings.
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Cheung, Wing-yi Winnie, and 張詠兒. "A study of fire safety awareness in domestic buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44400573.

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Song, Limin. "Integrated analysis of steel buildings under fire and explosion." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7576.

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Yatim, Yahya Mohamad. "Fire safety models for high-rise residential buildings in Malaysia." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2281.

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This research investigated the effects of escape route design and specification, and time taken on evacuation process in high-rise residential buildings in Malaysia. The aim is to produce a fire safety model on how fire safety standards in high-rise residential buildings can be achieved by investigating the relationship between human behaviour and structural design, particularly escape route design and specification. In Malaysia, research on fire safety is very new, particularly research on provision of fire safety in high-rise residential buildings. The number of fire cases involved residential buildings is significantly high compared to other building types. Thus, escape routes in high-rise residential buildings should be designed and constructed to enable the occupants to evacuate the building as soon as fire has been detected. Mixed methodologies i.e. quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in this research. There are three research methods adopted i.e. observation, simulation and questionnaire. Observations were carried out to identify any problems encountered and to develop the study models for further analysis. Investigations of the effects of escape route design and specification on evacuation process were carried out using specialist software, i.e. Simulex, which simulates the evacuation of people from the building. The aim is to study escape route specifications i.e. staircase, fire door and corridor. Questionnaire surveys were than carried out to investigate the occupant’s characteristics, behaviours, perceptions and motivation factors to evacuate the building. From this research, fire safety models proposed for high-rise residential buildings as follows, (1) Fire safety model to achieve fire safety standard in high-rise residential buildings, (2) Escape route designs and specifications, and, (3) Human behaviour model. There are five fire safety components that need to be enhanced i.e. (1) Fire Safety Awareness, (2) Fire Safety Design, (3) Fire Safety Equipments and Evacuation Skill, (4) Fire Safety Audit, and (5) Fire Safety Enforcement. Besides, there are four factors which highly influence the evacuation process, fire and casualty risk i.e.: (1) People behaviour – knowledge and experience, (2) building element and escape routes design, (3) active fire protection system, and (4) legislation and enforcement.
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Kotsovinos, Panagiotis. "Analysis of the structural response of tall buildings under multifloor and travelling fires." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8007.

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The last decades have seen a surge in the construction of tall buildings all over the world. Due to their, often, innovative and complex layouts, tall buildings can pose unique challenges to architects and engineers. Previous tall building failures raised significant concerns on the applicability of prescriptive fire design for these structures. The use of structural fire engineering can enhance the safety of a tall building under fire by strengthening any vulnerable areas in the structure and at the same time reduce the costs of fire protection by removing it when unnecessary. Commercial finite element and specialist structural fire engineering software have their advantages and disadvantages. In this thesis, the object-oriented and open-source finite element software OpenSees is presented along with its development with structural fire capabilities by the author and other researchers at the University of Edinburgh. Specifically, new pattern, element, section and material classes have been introduced. All the developed code follows the object-oriented paradigm and is consistent with the ethos of the existing framework. Verification and validation studies of the developed code are also presented. Several procedures including that for dynamic analysis of structures in fire for the collapse assessment of structures are discussed. The development of OpenSees with structural fire capabilities allows the collaboration of engineers across geographical boundaries and disciplines using a community tool. In this work, the behaviour of tall buildings under different fire scenarios has been modelled using the developed OpenSees code. Firstly, the collapse mechanisms of generic tall buildings are investigated, namely the strong and weak floor mechanisms are demonstrated, and criteria are established on when each of these mechanisms occurs. The parametric study performed demonstrated that the weak floor collapse is less probable for generic composite buildings however this type of failure can become easier to appear as the number of floors in fire increase. The effect of vertically travelling fires on these mechanisms is also examined. The results of the study show that slower travelling rates delay or avoid the global failure of a tall building compared to quicker travelling rates allowing for the time required for steel members to regain their strength during cooling to ambient temperature. However, it was seen that higher tensile membrane forces were observed in the floors as the travelling rates increased which could result in possible connection failure. Most of the research and design codes, such as Eurocode, typically assume a uniform thermal environment across the floor area of a structure when defining the design fire. However, in reality fires are more likely to travel in large enclosures, hence there is a need to understand how tall buildings behave under more realistic fire conditions such as travelling fires. A methodology for defining the thermal environment of large enclosures using travelling fires has been recently developed at the University of Edinburgh. Taking into account OpenSees' programmable architecture and its recent inclusion with heat transfer capabilities by other researchers, there was a collaborative effort in order to understand the thermal and structural response of a generic composite tall building under horizontally travelling fires. The findings of the study showed that larger travelling fire sizes produce quicker heating to the steel beams while smaller fire sizes produce higher peak temperatures in the concrete slab. The structural analysis also demonstrated that travelling fires produced higher midspan deflections in comparison to Eurocode parametric fires and higher plastic deformations which is an indication of higher damage. Further work focused on looking at the behaviour of tall buildings under the combined scenario of horizontally and vertically travelling fires. The results of the study showed that the travelling fires produce lower maximum compressive and tensile membrane forces in the composite floor compared to the Eurocode parametric fires for the building examined and thus in a multi-floor scenario the columns are pulling-in less after large deflections develop in the floor. More specifically, the short-hot fire produced the most demanding response. This suggests that in long floors where uniform heating is really impossible, the time of failure predicted by parametric fires in a multi-floor scenario can be more onerous. The outcomes of this work can aid designers when considering the structural fire response of tall buildings in a performance based design context. It was demonstrated that multi-floor fires could be a threat for tall buildings, and thus this possibility should be considered in design. The use of more realistic fire definition for large enclosures, such as travelling fires, should also be considered. The travelling fire methodology can provide an enhanced level of confidence for the safety of a building since it can represent a range of similar fires to those that may occur in a real fire scenario.
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Hakkarainen, Tuula. "Studies on fire safety assessment of construction products /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2002. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2002/P459.pdf.

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Hidalgo-Medina, Juan P. "Performance-based methodology for the fire safe design of insulation materials in energy efficient buildings." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10601.

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This thesis presents a methodology to determine failure criteria of building insulation materials in the event of a fire that is specific to each typology of insulation material used. This methodology is based on material characterisation and assessment of fire performance of the most common insulation materials used in construction. Current methodologies give a single failure criterion independent of the nature of the material – this can lead to uneven requirements when addressing materials of different characteristics. At present, fire safety codes establish that performance of different materials or assemblies is assumed to be “equivalent” when subject to the same test, where attainment of the unique failure criteria occurs after a required minimum time. Nevertheless, when using extremely different materials this may not be actually the case. Building performance is currently defined in a quantitative way with respect to factors such as energy usage (i.e. global thermal transmittance), element weight (i.e. thickness and mass), space utilisation and cost of application. In the case of fire performance, only a threshold value is required, therefore a quantitative performance assessment is not conducted. As a result, the drivers are those associated with the variables that can be quantified, whereas the thresholds merely need to be met without any alternative for a better performance. This work opens the door to a performance-based-design methodology that takes into account fire performance as an optimisation variable for the building design, to be used with all other quantifiable variables. An added advantage is that the numerical tool required embraces a low level of complexity. As a result, the possibility for any insulation product to achieve quantifiable and acceptable fire safety levels for required energy efficiency targets is established. As a final remark, an application of the performance assessment methodology that introduces fire safety as a quantifiable variable is presented.
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Al, Hashmi Emad. "Fire engineering in sustainable buildings : an evaluation for the application of performance-based design in Abu Dhabi." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19610/.

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Sustainable Building Design and Engineering is an integrated approach to energy, health, and operational performance. Abu Dhabi, the capital of United Arab Emirates (UAE) is experiencing a phenomenal growth in built environment. In this context, the Abu Dhabi Government has taken initiatives and measures to sustainable building designs development. This research aimed to develop a guideline for the application of performance- based fire-engineering design with sustainable building designs. In addition, it builds a referral information base helping to build sustainable communities, where fire- related fatalities and risks mitigated. Identifying fire safety and sustainability relation, and assessing technical and regulatory challenges with performance-based designs (PBD) in buildings are also part of this study. It also investigated current practices in sustainable building design and fire safety measures applied by Abu Dhabi Civil Defence (ADCD) under the existing construction legislations. The overall results of the study addressed three main areas, namely, sustainability, fire safety, and legality of the construction industry in Abu Dhabi. The data obtained from the case studies, the questionnaire and face-to-face interviews revealed a strong element of misunderstanding regarding the accurate definition of sustainable building design in Abu Dhabi especially among the stakeholders, including the enforcers. This is by pushing towards sustainable design concepts and technologies without taking into consideration the effects on fire safety level from one side and misunderstanding of the local conditions that shape a local definition for building sustainability in Abu Dhabi hot humid climate. Second, the results relating to fire safety measures in Abu Dhabi showed that some factors in the sector of fire safety seemed to affect the accurate application of Performance- Based Design (PBD). These factors were considered as technical and administrative challenges facing the application of PBD and its safety level. Third, the existing local construction legislation and regulations do not support the application of sustainable building design in innovative designs that implementing fire engineering approach. This includes the lack of legislation, disintegration of requirements between building regulators and absence of law enforcement on building owners. The overall findings of this study showed that the application of fire engineering in the innovative sustainable design under the existing construction legislations and culture could have some serious issues to overcome before achieving accepted safety level. In conclusion, there is a common perception that application of sustainable building design can increase fire safety risk. Innovative fire engineering applications compromises on sustainability and vice-versa. A number of similar studies in Abu Dhabi have shown reduction in fire safety on applying performance- based designs. These are challenging issues with the Governments and they are concerned with the local authorities. The building industries in Abu Dhabi need guidelines to find a trade-off between fire safety and sustainability with application of performance based designs.
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Ronstad, David. "A Comparison between two different Methods to Verify Fire Safety Design in Buildings." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62258.

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In today’s Nordic construction industry, it is difficult for new and innovative building solutions to be introduced due to prescriptive and inflexible regulations. Trading products and services cross-border is something that could loosen the tough market, but this is not possible due to the lack of common international frameworks that is performance based with the possibility to perform fire safety engineering. This is something that the Nordic Innovation project group called Fire Safety Engineering for Innovative and Sustainable Building Solutions wants to change. By introducing a new probabilistic method to verify fire safety in buildings, with the intention to become a Nordic standard, so will hopefully parts of these problems be resolved. The fourth work package of the project includes field testing of the new method which this thesis is a part of. The idea is to asses and improve the new probabilistic approach by comparing it to an existing non-probabilistic method and introduce ameliorating recommendations. Comparison of the probabilistic method is performed against a Swedish verification process that’s based on the General recommendations on analytical design of fire safety strategy (BBRAD) by verifying fire safety in a car park, that is located below an office building, with both verification methods. The two performance-based analyses treat deviations from a prescriptive solution, performed with the Boverket’s Building Regulations (BBR), and the results of these verifications is compared. The requirements that is verified are; escape in event of fire, protection against the outbreak of fire, protection against the development and spread of fire and smoke in buildings, protection against spread of fire between buildings, possibility of rescue responses and ensuring fire resistance in the structural members. Fire safety designs and approaches for treatment of the deviations are compared and analysed which concludes in the improvement recommendation that’s been presented.  Questions that has been answered during the work process is: How do the methods treat the possibility of a fire safety design without sprinkler? What is the main difference between the two verification methods? Which improvements could be done to the new Probabilistic method?  The recommendations of improvement that has been presented is based on the work process of the probabilistic approach and the comparison with the Swedish verification process. Development of the following areas is advocated: Treatment of critical levels for evacuation scenarios  Form a common Nordic statistical database Improved guidance of how to complete the validation analysis The thesis does not include all parts that’s required in a fire safety design but will merely focus on the deviations of the pre-accepted solution. The verification is only performed on the car park, i.e. the office part of the building is not included.
I dagens nordiska byggbransch är det svårt för nya och innovativa byggnadslösningar att införas på grund av de preskriptiva och fyrkantiga regelverk som finns. Handel av produkter och tjänster över gränserna är något som kan luckra upp den tuffa marknaden, men det är svårt på grund av bristen utav gemensamma internationella regelverk som är funktionsbaserade med möjlighet till fire safety engeinnering. Det är något som ett nordiskt innovationsprojekt kallat Fire Safety Engineering for Innovative and Sustainable Building Solutions vill förändra. Genom att införa en ny probabilistisk metod för att verifiera brandsäkerheten i byggnader, med avsikten att skapa en nordisk standard, kan förhoppningsvis delar av dessa problem lösas. Det fjärde arbetspaketet inom projektet består av att testa den nya metoden, vilket denna avhandling är en del av. Tanken är att bedöma och ta fram förbättringsförslag till den nya probabilistiska metoden genom att jämföra den med en befintlig scenariobaserad metod och presentera förbättringsrekommendationer. Jämförelse av probabilistiska metoden utförs mot en svensk verifieringsprocess som baseras på Boverkets allmänna råd om analytisk dimensionering av byggnaders brandskydd (BBRAD) genom att verifiera brandsäkerheten i ett parkeringsgarage, som ligger under en kontorsbyggnad, med båda verifieringsmetoderna. De två funktionsbaserade analyserna behandlar avvikelser från en förenklad dimensionering, som är utförd enligt Boverkets Byggregler (BBR), och resultaten av dessa verifikationer jämförs. De krav som verifieras är; utrymning i händelse av brand, skydd mot uppkomst av brand, skydd mot utveckling och spridning av brand och rök i byggnader, skydd mot brandspridning mellan byggnader, möjlighet till räddningsinsats och att säkerställa bärförmåga vid brand. Brandskyddets utformning och metodernas behandling av avvikelserna jämförs och analyseras vilket konkluderar i de rekommendationer för förbättring som presenteras. Frågor som har besvarats under arbetsprocessen är: Hur behandlar metoderna möjligheten att dimensionera brandsäkerheten utan sprinklersystem? Vad är den stora skillnaden mellan de två verifieringsmetoderna? Vilka förbättringar kan göras på den nya probabilistiska metoden? Rekommendationerna till förbättring som har tagits fram är baserad på arbetsprocessen i den probabilistiska metoden och jämförelsen med den svenska verifieringsprocessen. Utveckling av följande områden förespråkas: Behandling av kritiska nivåer i utrymningsscenarion Uppställning av en gemensam statistiskdatabas för de nordiska länderna Förbättrad förklaring om hur man utför valideringarna av analysen Avhandlingen omfattar inte alla delar som behövs vid bandskyddsprojektering utan fokusera endast på avvikelserna från den förenklade dimensioneringen. Verifikationen är endast utförd på parkeringsgaraget, det vill säga kontorsdelen av byggnaden behandlas inte.
Fire Safety Engineering for Innovative and Sustainable Building Solutions
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Alkhazaleh, A. "Thermal energy storage and fire safety of building materials." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2018. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/1988/.

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Energy storage using organic phase change materials (PCMs) has attracted significant attention in recent years for renewable energy utilization in building materials. PCMs are capable of storing and releasing a large amount of latent heat during their phase transitions. Paraffin (PA), a eutectic mixture (EM) of capric acid (CA) and lauric acid (LA) and butyl stearate (BS) have been selected as PCMs for this work due to their melting temperatures being close to human comfort temperature, 17 - 28 oC. Plaster (PL) as a building material is chosen due to its ease of construction into plaster boards and also because it is a good insulator against heat and sound. The most significant concern when using an organic PCM is its flammability. This research sets out to determine the effect of using PCMs in PL on the product’s flammability, and whether it is possible to use carrier materials and/or flame retardants to reduce their flammability while maintaining the thermal energy storage properties. Three techniques of incorporation of PCMs into PL are used to address this question. The first one is to immerse PL into hot melted PCMs using a vacuum impregnation method. The PCM however, could easily leak to the surface of PL, particularly when the temperature is above the melting temperature of PCM and also their high flammability evaluated using cone calorimetry was a limiting factor to pursuance of this route. The second method is a direct incorporation technique, i.e. adding PCM directly to PL. With this method also the leakage of PCMs was observed and all samples ignited, though the flammability parameters were less intense than those observed when the immersion method was used. To prevent the leakage of PCM and to improve the consistency of organic PCM with building materials, form-stable PCMs composites are used in the third method. Carrier materials, namely nanoclay (NC), diatomaceous earth (DE), expanded perlite (EP), fly ash (FA) and brick dust (BD) were selected to adsorb and retain the PCMs in their pores. SEM (scanning electron microscope) demonstrated that PCMs were uniformly adsorbed in most of the carrier materials. DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) used to measure the thermal properties of PCMs showed that when these form stable composites were added to PL, they acted as PCMs, although the latent heat values were reduced. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrates that the PCMs’ decomposition was not affected by the presence of carrier materials or PL. Cone calorimetry showed that the use of carrier materials had minimal effect on the flammability of PCMs. To evaluate the thermal energy storage performance, a small environmental chamber was used, i.e. a small test “room” of PL with dimensions of 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm and thickness 10 mm was set up using 6 pieces of PL. The top board of the cubic room contained PCM, and the temperature differences between the surfaces of control PL and modified PL were recorded during heating and cooling of the room. The results from heating and cooling cycles showed that the PCMs and form stable-PCM composites reduced the peak temperature and delayed the time taken to release the stored energy, the values depending on the percentage of PCMs used. To reduce the flammability of PCMs while maintaining their energy storage performance, two approaches have been undertaken: (i) use of expanded graphite (EG) as a flame retardant carrier- material and (ii) use of a liquid flame-retardant, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP). The results demonstrated that the flame retardant did not affect the energy storage performance of the PCM. While RDP was not effective on a PA containing PL sample, the flammability of a PL+BS sample was significantly reduced with the addition of EG and RDP.
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Books on the topic "Fire safety of buildings"

1

Malhotra, H. L. Fire safety in buildings. London: CRC, 2001.

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Fred, Malven, and Professional Development Program (National Council of Architectural Registration Boards), eds. Fire safety in buildings. 2nd ed. [Washington, DC: National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, 2003.

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Grosse, Larry. Fire safety in buildings. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, 2003.

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Institution, British Standards. Fire safety engineering in buildings. London: British Standards Institution, 1997.

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Bastings, D. Fire safety in atrium buildings. Judgeford, N.Z: Building Research Association of New Zealand, 1988.

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Bernardini, Gabriele. Fire Safety of Historical Buildings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55744-1.

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Meacham, Brian, Brandon Poole, Juan Echeverria, and Raymond Cheng. Fire Safety Challenges of Green Buildings. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8142-3.

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Association, National Fire Protection. Life safety code: Code for safety to life from fire in buildings and structures. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997.

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White, Anthony G. Fire safety workplace security: A selected bibliography. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1986.

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G, Carson Wayne, ed. Safety manager's guide to fire protection. Quincy, Mass: National Fire Protection Association, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fire safety of buildings"

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England, Paul, and Boris Iskra. "Australian Building Code Change - Eight-Storey Timber Buildings." In Wood & Fire Safety, 219–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41235-7_33.

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Emery, Steve. "Fire Safety and Historic Buildings." In Structures & Construction in Historic Building Conservation, 211–22. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470691816.ch12.

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Smith, Melanie. "Fire safety." In Building Surveyor’s Pocket Book, 219–51. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315142647-8.

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Torero, José L. "Understanding Fire Safety of Historical Buildings." In RILEM Bookseries, 33–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_3.

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Bernardini, Gabriele. "Introduction." In Fire Safety of Historical Buildings, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55744-1_1.

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Bernardini, Gabriele. "Fire Safety and Building Heritage: The Occupants Perspective." In Fire Safety of Historical Buildings, 7–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55744-1_2.

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Bernardini, Gabriele. "How to Increase Occupants Safety with No Architectural Modifications: Defining Effective Wayfinding Systems." In Fire Safety of Historical Buildings, 45–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55744-1_3.

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Bernardini, Gabriele. "Application to a Case Study: Fire Safety in Historical Theaters." In Fire Safety of Historical Buildings, 77–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55744-1_4.

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Bernardini, Gabriele. "Conclusions and Perspectives." In Fire Safety of Historical Buildings, 105–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55744-1_5.

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Ko, Yoon, Max Kinateder, and Nour Elsagan. "Water Mist Systems in Protection of Mass Timber Buildings." In Wood & Fire Safety, 404–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41235-7_59.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fire safety of buildings"

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An, Zhengyang, and Yuanyuan Wang. "Chinese Historic Buildings Fire Safety and Countermeasure." In International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcs-16.2016.489.

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Wang, Mengyao, Jingyan Zhang, Ling Yang, Yayun Wei, and Le Fan. "Fire Safety and Resilience Assessment of High-rise Buildings." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055806.

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Barber, David. "Fire Safety and Tall Timber Buildings—What’s Next?" In Structures Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480410.047.

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Mohd Idris, M. F. "Numerical assessment for fire safety in school buildings." In Environmental Health Risk 2003. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr030141.

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Chow, W. K. "Fire Safety Concern for Green or Sustainable Buildings With Natural Ventilation Provision." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14230.

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New architectural concepts and features are designed to give green or sustainable buildings for having a better environment in the future. These new concepts and features, especially those with glass facades, might have difficulties in complying with the fire safety codes, especially in those countries with only prescriptive codes. Performance-based design has to be applied. However, engineering performance-based fire codes are still under development and even the performance-based concept has not yet been accepted in some cities such as Hong Kong. There is fire safety concern in buildings with natural ventilation provision driven by wind action. In this paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) will be applied to study natural ventilation in a small flat under wind action. Indoor air flow for a flat in a typical building will be simulated for windows at different locations. Mixing of heat due to a fire inside the building will be studied. The CFD tool selected is PHOENICS.
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Raibagkar, Anay, and Matthew Edel. "Impact of Thermal Hazards on Process Buildings Using CFD Techniques." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97640.

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The impact of thermal hazards on process buildings is an important component of site hazard evaluations. API RP-752 recommends that process facilities analyze thermal hazards and assess their impact to onsite buildings and their occupants. Thermal loads resulting from fires in process units and equipment can have a significant impact on buildings, especially if the building is close to the fire source. Some buildings may be designed for blast and toxic protection, which allows the buildings to be located near process units and equipment, but possibly exposed to thermal hazards from a potential fire. Screening-level thermal models typically used in process safety applications cannot account for detailed building geometries and how they may affect thermal impact from fire on building occupants. A more robust approach using the Fire Dynamics Simulator Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code has been used in this study to assess the impact of thermal hazards on a target building located downstream of a jet fire. Temperature and radiation increases inside the building due to the thermal loads at the building exterior surface were calculated. The results indicate that buildings can provide protection to occupants depending on exposure time and building/insulation design. The results clearly show that a detailed CFD model can be effectively used to assess the thermal impact of incident radiation on buildings and to assist designers with determining requirements for the building envelope to provide protection to building occupants.
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Himoto, Keisuke. "A Statistics-based Model for Post-fire Recovery Time of Buildings." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-14-8593-0_4882-cd.

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Anusha, T., and M. Pushpalatha. "Designing and Fine Tuning a Fire Safety Monitoring System for Smart Buildings using RPL Protocol." In Proceedings of the Fist International Conference on Advanced Scientific Innovation in Science, Engineering and Technology, ICASISET 2020, 16-17 May 2020, Chennai, India. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-5-2020.2303946.

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Ni, Shuna, Ruben Van Coile, Danny Hopkin, Negar Elhami Khorasani, and Thomas Gernay. "Sensitivity Studies of the Resilience of RC Columns to Various Fire Scenarios." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0732.

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<p>Reinforced concrete (RC) structures generally fare well under fire, but exhibit damage and residual deformations which require repairs. Besides the repair cost, the building downtime can also be expensive. However, current fire design approaches focus solely on life safety, and do not consider resilience. To improve post-fire performance of buildings, recover functionality, and facilitate fast reuse, an important step is to develop a predictive capability for the effect of a fire event on residual deformations and load-bearing capacity in structures. This research investigates the residual deformations in RC buildings after a fire, with a focus on the columns as one of the key structural members. The case study is a five-story RC frame building with a fire developing on the first story. Thermo-structural finite element analyses were used to analyze the columns performance under various fires. The sensitivity of the RC columns’ responses to main parameters related to fire characteristics, material properties and mechanical loading was analyzed. Based on the sensitivity studies, the most critical parameters were determined for the vulnerability of the RC columns to the different fire scenarios. These critical parameters will be used for the subsequent probabilistic damage evaluation of the RC columns and their design alternatives. The results will contribute to improved understanding of the effects of fire on the resilience of RC buildings and infrastructure, as well as the identification of designs which provide enhanced post-fire performance.</p>
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Martyn, Yevgen, Olga Smotr, Nazarii Burak, Oleksandr Prydatko, and Igor Malets. "Informational Graphic Technologies for Fire Safety Level Determination in Special Purpose Buildings." In 2020 IEEE Third International Conference on Data Stream Mining & Processing (DSMP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsmp47368.2020.9204180.

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Reports on the topic "Fire safety of buildings"

1

Nelson, H. E. Fire safety evaluation system for NASA officelaboratory buildings. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.86-3404.

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Razza, Joseph C., and Raymond A. Grill. Amendments to the fire protection and life safety provisions of the New York City building code by local laws adopted while World Trade Center 1, 2, and 7 were in use. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ncstar.1-1g.

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Ohlemiller, T. J., Erik L. Johnsson, and Richard G. Gann. Measurement needs for fire safety:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6527.

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Peacock, Richard D. Fire safety of passenger trains :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1406.

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Hamins, Anthony, Jason Averill, Nelson Bryner, Richard Gann, David Butry, Rick Davis, Francine Amon, et al. Reducing the risk of fire in buildings and communities :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1130.

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Quintiere, James G. Analytical methods for fire safety design. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3675.

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Ruegg, Rosalie T. Improving the fire safety of cigarettes :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.1242.

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Weiss, Pam. Safety, Health, and Fire Prevention Guide for Hospital Safety Managers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265518.

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REMAIZE, J. A. Fire hazard analysis for the fuel supply shutdown storage buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804805.

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Field, H. C. Technical safety appraisal: Buildings 776/777 Rocky Flats Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6833898.

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