Journal articles: 'Fire safety of buildings'

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M. Sivashanmugam, M. Sivashanmugam, and Lilly grace murali. P. "Enhancing Fire Safety Methods in Buildings." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2014/151.

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Vovk, S., N. Ferents, and A. Lyn. "RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE." Fire Safety 37 (January 6, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.04.

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Problem. Religious buildings with a large number of people are fire hazardous. In total, there are 17,407 religious buildings in Ukraine. Out of them, approximately 3,000 are highly fire hazardous wooden buildings.The fire danger feature of religious buildings is open fire usage: candles, torches, lamps, underground rooms with complex planning, lack of ventilation systems. Besides, ancient religious buildings are mostly built using wooden materials. Fires occuring there are resonant, causing material and spiritual damage to the state and society. On average, about 20 fires occur each year in religious buildings, including wooden temples of historical heritage.Рurpose. Fire analysis in religious buildings in Ukraine and their occurrence causes; fire safety of religious buildings research.Preventive measures for religious building fire safety in Ukraine are prioritised by state program for emergency response. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine constantly monitors compliance with fire safety standards, which includes regular facilities inspections, personnel training control to prevent fires and reduce the consequences of fires, development, implementation, and control of technical methods of safety.Research methods. To achieve this goal, further methods were used: historical, systemic, theoretical generalization, abstract, logical, analysis, synthesis, comparative, and statistical methods.The main results. The most common shortcomings in religious building fire protection are the lack or malfunction of automatic fire alarms, power grid requirement non-compliance with the rules of the power grid, improper facility provision of with primary fire extinguishers, lack of lightning and water supplies for firefighting. In most buildings, wooden structures are not treated with refractory mortar.Fire causes and ways to prevent and improve fire safety are analyzed, namely: fire protection of religious building wooden elements, dome space fire extinguishing systems, fire alarm systems, lightning protection, safe people’s evacuation, candlesticks installation on non-combustible surfaces, primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire condition qualitative inspection of the of the heritage building, etc.Conclusions. After service, buildings must be completely deenergized, lighted candles and open fires must not be left unattended in the church. In religious buildings, it is necessary to carry out fire protection of wooden elements constructions, to install fire extinguishing systems in domed space, fire alarm system, lightning protection, to watch serviceability of electric networks. Rules of fire safety requirements for religious buildings are aimed at solving an important task - religious buildings safety. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, the most important requirements are not implemented to improve fire safety.

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Vovk, S., N. Ferents, and A. Lyn. "RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE." Fire Safety 37 (January 6, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.04.

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Problem. Religious buildings with a large number of people are fire hazardous. In total, there are 17,407 religious buildings in Ukraine. Out of them, approximately 3,000 are highly fire hazardous wooden buildings.The fire danger feature of religious buildings is open fire usage: candles, torches, lamps, underground rooms with complex planning, lack of ventilation systems. Besides, ancient religious buildings are mostly built using wooden materials. Fires occuring there are resonant, causing material and spiritual damage to the state and society. On average, about 20 fires occur each year in religious buildings, including wooden temples of historical heritage.Рurpose. Fire analysis in religious buildings in Ukraine and their occurrence causes; fire safety of religious buildings research.Preventive measures for religious building fire safety in Ukraine are prioritised by state program for emergency response. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine constantly monitors compliance with fire safety standards, which includes regular facilities inspections, personnel training control to prevent fires and reduce the consequences of fires, development, implementation, and control of technical methods of safety.Research methods. To achieve this goal, further methods were used: historical, systemic, theoretical generalization, abstract, logical, analysis, synthesis, comparative, and statistical methods.The main results. The most common shortcomings in religious building fire protection are the lack or malfunction of automatic fire alarms, power grid requirement non-compliance with the rules of the power grid, improper facility provision of with primary fire extinguishers, lack of lightning and water supplies for firefighting. In most buildings, wooden structures are not treated with refractory mortar.Fire causes and ways to prevent and improve fire safety are analyzed, namely: fire protection of religious building wooden elements, dome space fire extinguishing systems, fire alarm systems, lightning protection, safe people’s evacuation, candlesticks installation on non-combustible surfaces, primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire condition qualitative inspection of the of the heritage building, etc.Conclusions. After service, buildings must be completely deenergized, lighted candles and open fires must not be left unattended in the church. In religious buildings, it is necessary to carry out fire protection of wooden elements constructions, to install fire extinguishing systems in domed space, fire alarm system, lightning protection, to watch serviceability of electric networks. Rules of fire safety requirements for religious buildings are aimed at solving an important task - religious buildings safety. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, the most important requirements are not implemented to improve fire safety.

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Mikolai, Imrich. "Fire Safety of Sacral Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.199.

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Religions activities are realized in specific buildings which are not dwelling units. From fire safety point of view is necessary to assessed these buildings as an assembly rooms on which specific fire safety requests are made, in majority cases. To need of safety evacuation of people from the specific building in case of fire is subordinated not only choice of building constructions and used surfacing but also the need of safe evacuation. Quality building constructions and also fire safety equipment of buildings are basic conditions of fire safety of sacral buildings.

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Yu, Chia Chun, Te Chi Chen, Cherng Shing Lin, and Shih Cheng Wang. "Numerical Simulation of the Performance-Based of the Building Fire Protection Safety Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.668.

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In order to understand the fire safety of the various types of buildings, we need more flexible and efficient performance-estimating methods to verify fire protection safety in various types of buildings. Assuming can utilize computer fire simulation software CFAST / FDS + Evac to analyze Taiwan's domestic fire cases, in order to understand in the different fires heat flow transfer, and toxic smoke diffuse, and human evacuation to escape, and other important fire parameter characteristics, in the building the fire protection safety evaluating to produce the efficiency. This study is used cases of fires in four-story old-style residential and commercial mixed-use buildings to explain building fire performance-based numerical evaluation methods, and to provide quantitative data and reference information in Taiwan performance-based codes creating and the fire protection to project design is helpful in the buildings.

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Hasemi, Yuji. "Lessons from Japanese Experience with Fire Disasters in Public Buildings." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0292.

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Fatal fire disasters in commercial and hotel buildings and social effort not to repeat disasters from the 1930s to the beginning of the 21st Century in Japan are reviewed to verify what have been learnt from fire disasters in modern public buildings. Shirokiya Department fire in 1932, Japan's first significant fatal fire in commercial building, evoked social awareness of fire safety in high-rise buildings, and led to the requirements for general framework for the limitation of fire damage in large scale building such as fire separation for the restriction of damaged area, protected escape staircases, and sprinklers. However, procrastination in introducing smoke control and floor-to-floor fire and smoke separation is believed to have become a background for the frequent fatal fires in public buildings in the 1960s. Experience of fatal fires in hotel buildings from the 1960s to the mid-1980s led to the introduction of labeling of fire safety and qualification of fire safety manager for hotels, which became the main background for exterminating fatal hotel fires.

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Wang, Yaw Long, Yi Ming Chang, Mei Li You, Kun Yue Chen, Chun Ping Lin, and Chi Min Shu. "Fire Safety Assessment Research for High-Tech Plants." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.920.

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Most of the buildings for high-tech plants are fireproof and the process equipment in the clean room is in compliance with high-standard fire prevention evaluation regulations such as National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), Factory Mutual (FM),and Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI). However, fire management is usually neglected though fire protection higher than domestic fire control regulations is applied. Fireproof and smoke-proof design of the original buildings can be damaged due to expansion of production facilities, causing a potential danger of a fire. Cases of fires in domestic semiconductor manufacturing factories were explored in this research and claim settlements provided by MSIG Mingtai InsuranceCo.,Ltd., Taiwan to high-tech plants were analyzed for determination of the quantified weights used by the insurance companies when evaluating fire risks of a building. The fire safety badge promoted by Architecture and Building Research Institute, and Ministry of the Interior was also discussed for reference of fire safety assessments of high-tech factory buildings in the future.

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Yau, Albert, and Samuel K. M. Ho. "Fire Risk Analysis and Optimization of Fire Prevention Management for Green Building Design and High Rise Buildings: Hong Kong Experience." Nang Yan Business Journal 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nybj-2015-0004.

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Abstract There are many iconic high rise buildings in Hong Kong, for example, International Commercial Centre, International Financial Centre, etc. Fire safety issue in high rise buildings has been raised by local fire professionals in terms of occupant evacuation, means of fire-fighting by fire fighters, sprinkler systems to automatically put off fires in buildings, etc. Fire risk becomes an important issue in building fire safety because it relates to life safety of building occupants where they live and work in high rise buildings in Hong Kong. The aim of this research is to identify the fire risk for different types of high rise buildings in Hong Kong and to optimise the fire prevention management for those high rise buildings with higher level of fire risk and to validate the model and also to carry out the study of the conflict between the current fire safety building code and the current trend of green building design. Survey via the 7-point scale questionnaire was conducted through 50 participants and their responses were received and analysed via the statistical tool SPSS software computer program. A number of statistical methods of testing for significantly difference in samples were adopted to carry out the analysis of the data received. When the statistical analysis was completed, the results of the data analysis were validated by two Fire Safety Experts in this area of specialisation and also by quantitative fire risk analysis.

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Evtushenko, Sergej, Viktoriya Lyepikhova, Nadezhda Lyashenko, and Nikolay CHibinyev. "IMPROVING FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES." Construction and Architecture 8, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2020-8-4-95-100.

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The article provides statistics of fires in Russia from electric and gas welding works and identifies their distinctive feature from other causes of fires in buildings and structures. The authors substantiate the need to modernize the welding torch and determine the factors that additionally affect the fire hazard of fire operations in a closed room. The article describes the main requirements for gas welding and cutting equipment. It also shows the importance of primary fire extinguishing means in the elimination of emergency situations involving fires in buildings. The authors indicate the method of modernization of the welding torch and consider the effectiveness of using portable fire extinguishers to eliminate indoor fires in the initial stage of their development. The paper presents the results of the efficiency of modernization of welding torches in the elimination of fires during gas welding operations.

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murali P, Lilly grace, and M. M. Vijayalakshmi. "Enhancing Life Safety Provisions in Fire Zones of Buildings." International Journal of Engineering Research 3, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijer/v3s6/608.

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Poliakova, Tatiana, and Marina Grigoryan. "Fire safety issues in the design and construction of high-rise buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602014.

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The construction of high-rise buildings has revealed new problems related to fire safety. The peculiarity of the architecture, which is covered in high-rise, in fires creates a danger for a large number of people there, reduces the possibility of their evacuation and rescue. The multifunctionality of such buildings, taking into account the originality of the external and internal views, leads to the difficulty of choosing a constructive system, a large number of utilities and technical systems. To address the issues related to safe operation, stay and evacuation of people is the development of a fire protection system for high-rise buildings, based on the development of: • measures to ensure the durability of buildings or parts thereof againstprogressive collapse due to * ensuring the fire resistance of structures and buildings; • measures to limit the spread of fire in high-rise buildings through theinstallation of fire barriers inside the building and the device of fire breaks between buildings; • measures for ensuring timely and unimpeded evacuation of people andtheir rescue at emergency in high-rise buildings; • systems of active protection of buildings from fire, namely: fire alarm andfire fighting, strong points of fire extinguishing.

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Glauberman, Gary, and Kristine Qureshi. "Community/Public Health Nurses’ Awareness of Residential High-Rise Fire Safety issues." SAGE Open Nursing 7 (January 2021): 237796082110405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608211040597.

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High-rise (HR) building fires remain a tragic cause of preventable injury and death in the United States. Recent incidences of HR building fires have served as high-profile reminders of the persistent threat that HR fires pose to public health. Fire safety is an important aspect of household emergency preparedness addressed by community/public health nurses (C/PHNs). This study aimed to address a gap in the literature regarding C/PHNs’ awareness of fire safety for people and families who reside in HR buildings. A descriptive qualitative study using key-informant and focus group interviews was conducted involving C/PHNs ( n = 19) in Honolulu, Hawaii. Qualitative data analysis revealed three main themes related to this issue: (1) C/PHN awareness of HR fire safety issues, (2) C/PHN perceived barriers for HR building occupant fire safety, and (3) C/PHN suggested strategies to address HR fire safety for occupants. Findings highlight how more needs to be done to assure that C/PHNs are adequately prepared to work with occupants of residential HR buildings on matters related to fire safety.

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Bashynskiy, O. I., M. Z. Peleshko, and Yu T. Sydnitsyn. "ANALYSIS OF REASONS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS FIRE HAZARD IN LVIV." Fire Safety, no. 34 (July 19, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.02.

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Over the last year, the number of new buildings in Lviv has increased by 30%. Most of them are the high-rise buildings. In this regard, the problem of fire safety of such buildings appears sharper. In our time, one of the main requirements in building standards is to ensure the life safety. Fire safety is an integral part of the life safety. The main causes of the fires, difficulties of their liquidation, the problems of self-management, the reliability of the systems of fire water supply, fire barriers and the evacuation of people from high-rise buildings were analyzed in the article. The causes of the rapid spread of fires in multi-store buildings were revealed. The analysis of the example of fires clearly shows problems of fire safety, admitted at the stage of construction of the high-rise buildings. The actual situation in such buildings is characterized by the following disadvantages: the fire alarm system often is in an unfit condition because of dismantling of the fire alarm sensors by the residents; the common floor-corridors are blocked by additional partitions, causing difficulties in the work of the smoke exhaust systems; there are no self-closing doors and their sealing in the shelters, which allows smoke to spread freely in the house and creates the preconditions for rapid vertical fire spreading. The protection of people on evacuation routes is provided by a complex of planning, constructive, engineering, technical and organizational measures, such as smoke protection, proper fire resistance and fire propagation limits of the structures, providing and proper decoration of evacuation routes, smokeproof stairways, annunciator systems, etc. Therefore, introducing of fire safety systems in high-rise buildings is a priority task at the stage of their designing, construction, and operation.

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Hagiwara, Ichiro. "Concepts of Fire Safety Provisions of Means of Escape andEvacuation Safety Plan in High-Rise Building." Journal of Disaster Research 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2011.p0541.

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The measures on safety of buildings in case of a fire have been stipulated almost as specification document in the building codes for a long time. The standards on fire safety were first prepared to prevent urban great fire, later to alleviate human losses in fire of large-scale building. The standards on fire safety in foreign countries, especially regulations on safe evacuation are outlined, and the concepts of building planning especially for the purpose of securing safe evacuation in high-rise buildings are introduced.

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Björkman, Jouni, and Olavi Keski-Rahkonen. "Fire Safety Risk Analysis of a Community Centre." Journal of Fire Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 1996): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419601400503.

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A systems approach to fire safety is a way to evaluate fire safety of buildings, especially large and complex buildings. One tool for building fire risk analysis is the computer programme FIRE (Fire Simulation Program) de veloped at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in USA by Professor R. Fitz gerald and his group. The computational utility of the code was improved and adapted to the Finnish environment by Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) and two engineering consultants, Rakennus-Ekono and LCA-Engin eering. We simulated fires in a four-floor building where one wing (single fire com partment) was selected for simulation. We chose four representative room types in the building for which fire engineering data were selected. By simulation, we studied the impact of different design alternatives to fire risk of the total building. Fire risk in each design alternative was computed as expectation of loss. Costs caused by structural changes and active fire safety systems were taken into account. The compilations proved that it is possible to design differently from the current fire code and still reduce the fire risk level. FIRE does not yet support the evaluation of life safety, but the results can be used for that purpose indirectly.

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Uddin, MJ, A. Adnan, N. Sultana, MG Muktadir, and RC Ghosh. "Fire Safety and Security System in High-rise Buildings in Tangail Pourashava." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 1 (November 28, 2017): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i1.34691.

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Fire safety and security system in high-rise buildings has been a significant issue from the last century. However, there are numerous provisions for safety measures from such fires and the magnitude and nature of the problem of this hazard has been unknown. This study identifies the location of high-rise buildings in Tangail pourashava through an extensive survey and then identifies the unique fire safety problems of those buildings and their associated fire risk. As it turns out, most of those buildings are highly vulnerable to fire risk due to lack of major fire fighting equipments and defiance of related laws and regulations. The study then addresses the means to provide fire safety in those buildings from both design and codes perspectives. It elaborates on the need to provide both building and occupant based protection to achieve the best results. It concludes with an overview of the special problems associated with high-rise buildings combined with specific use and occupancy-related requirements, employee training and response.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 33-40 2017

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Schleich, J. B., and L. G. Cajot. "Natural fire safety for buildings." Revue de Métallurgie 99, no. 4 (April 2002): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2002129.

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Rasbash, D. J. "Fire safety objectives for buildings." Fire Technology 32, no. 4 (1996): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01037744.

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Tanubrata, Maksum. "Fire Safety Design in Building." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v3i1.1271.

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The main themes for fire safety planning may be described as follows ; Prevention of outbreak and growth of fire , Fire protection of Building structures, smoke control and escape planning. Fire load in a building can be roughly classified into 3 groups: (a). buildings materials, (b). furniture, and (c). daily goods. Building materials including linings, interior material of walls, ceilings, floors, partition walls, etc, and daily goods such as books, clothes, and so on.

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Kodur, Venkatesh, Puneet Kumar, and Muhammad Masood Rafi. "Fire hazard in buildings: review, assessment and strategies for improving fire safety." PSU Research Review 4, no. 1 (September 11, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prr-12-2018-0033.

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Purpose The current fire protection measures in buildings do not account for all contemporary fire hazard issues, which has made fire safety a growing concern. Therefore, this paper aims to present a critical review of current fire protection measures and their applicability to address current challenges relating to fire hazards in buildings. Design/methodology/approach To overcome fire hazards in buildings, impact of fire hazards is also reviewed to set the context for fire protection measures. Based on the review, an integrated framework for mitigation of fire hazards is proposed. The proposed framework involves enhancement of fire safety in four key areas: fire protection features in buildings, regulation and enforcement, consumer awareness and technology and resources advancement. Detailed strategies on improving fire safety in buildings in these four key areas are presented, and future research and training needs are identified. Findings Current fire protection measures lead to an unquantified level of fire safety in buildings, provide minimal strategies to mitigate fire hazard and do not account for contemporary fire hazard issues. Implementing key measures that include reliable fire protection systems, proper regulation and enforcement of building code provisions, enhancement of public awareness and proper use of technology and resources is key to mitigating fire hazard in buildings. Major research and training required to improve fire safety in buildings include developing cost-effective fire suppression systems and rational fire design approaches, characterizing new materials and developing performance-based codes. Practical implications The proposed framework encompasses both prevention and management of fire hazard. To demonstrate the applicability of this framework in improving fire safety in buildings, major limitations of current fire protection measures are identified, and detailed strategies are provided to address these limitations using proposed fire safety framework. Social implications Fire represents a severe hazard in both developing and developed countries and poses significant threat to life, structure, property and environment. The proposed framework has social implications as it addresses some of the current challenges relating to fire hazard in buildings and will enhance overall fire safety. Originality/value The novelty of proposed framework lies in encompassing both prevention and management of fire hazard. This is unlike current fire safety improvement strategies, which focus only on improving fire protection features in buildings (i.e. managing impact of fire hazard) using performance-based codes. To demonstrate the applicability of this framework in improving fire safety in buildings, major limitations of current fire protection measures are identified and detailed strategies are provided to address these limitations using proposed fire safety framework. Special emphasis is given to cost-effectiveness of proposed strategies, and research and training needs for further enhancing building fire safety are identified.

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Yasui, Noboru. "Fire safety performance of wooden buildings Designing fire-resistant wooden buildings." MOKUZAI HOZON (Wood Protection) 40, no. 2 (2014): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.40.46.

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Vividia, Yemima Sahmura, and Bangun IR Harsritanto. "EVALUATION OF LIFE SAFETY TECHNICAL FACILITIES FROM FIRE ON APARTEMENT." MODUL 19, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mdl.19.1.2019.50-54.

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Vertical occupancy, especially apartments, began to live the face of the city. Not without reason, housing needs continue to increase sharply as the availability of vacant land is increasingly limited. Occupying an apartment becomes a trend and lifestyle for young people. The reason boils down to productivity. The construction of apartments is usually built close to various activity centers, both business, commercial, education, health to entertainment. The improvement of building construction is not supported by the availability of land that is increasingly limited, especially in the city of Jarakta, making the construction of high-rise buildings anticipate this. The construction of multi-story buildings also increases the risk of fire. In 2018, according to him, there were at least 1,078 recorded disaster events throughout 2018. Head of the Jakarta Fire and Rescue Management Agency, Subedjo, said that out of a total of 897 buildings or tall buildings in Jakarta, 280 tall buildings had not yet accomplished the fire protection system (Dinas, 2018).Therefore, this research needs to be done to evaluate the lifesaving facilities and infrastructure in the building. The application of fire safety in buildings can be evaluated regarding to NFPA 101 (2013). Based on NFPA 101A: Guide on Alternative Approaches for Life Safety (2013), there are 12 elements of safety and Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 26 / PRT / M / 2008 concerning Technical Requirements of Fire Protection Systems in Building Buildings. The building that became the object of research is one of the buildings in the area of Jakarta mentioned building X and building Y. The variables that are the focus of the research are fire stairs, fire doors, and access roads. Based on the results of the study, the level of reliability of the means of saving lives against fire hazards in building X is equal to 58% and in building Y is 65%.

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Zhan, Lin. "Study on the Fire Safety Situation and Risk Evaluation of Chongqing City High-Rise Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.93.

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in view of the rapid increase high-rise buildings since Chongqing became the municipality city , the development status of the high-rise building in Chongqing was detailed, and the outstanding problems and its reasons of Chongqing city fire safety of high-rise buildings that were universal, typical and representative were analyzed, On that basis, the fire safety index system Chongqing city high-rise building was established, and take a certain high-rise shopping center as an example, the fire safety of the shopping center was evaluated which combining fuzzy comprehensive theory and the building fire safety grade was obtained. Research on fire safety of high-rise buildings in Chongqing city has important reference and suitable suggestion.

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Roslan, Rozrinda, and Shahrul Yani Said. "Fire Safety Management System for Heritage Buildings in Malaysia." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, no. 6 (November 7, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i6.961.

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Fire is one of the horrific events that could lead to death and total destruction of buildings. Many great buildings were lost on fire. Many towns and cities were rebuilt because of great fires. Heritage buildings are recognized as over 50 years of age and built with distinct architectural features of its time. Nonetheless, these buildings present a great risk as it is often not well prepared for current fire hazard. This paper reviews the fire safety management system for heritage buildings in Malaysia based on selected research carried out.

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Roslan, Rozrinda, and Shahrul Yani Said. "Heritage Buildings Fires: Their challenges and consideration of fire safety protection." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, no. 13 (March 24, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2091.

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Heritage buildings represent state of the art at the time of their construction. Materials used that are often viewed critically today concerning fire safety. Preventive measures and any other active systems can prevent untoward incidences to heritage buildings. So, for a sound fire safety concept, several considerations can be made. Hence, by reviewing two heritage buildings that involved in the fire which are Shuri Okinawa Castle and Paris Notre Dame Cathedral, this paper is aimed to establish challenges faced by historical building in the event of a fire by referring to the selected case study and to determine whether minimal intervention imposed in passive fire protection provided in the premises is a good practice so that can be referred by others heritage buildings.Keywords: Fire Safety; Fire Protection; Heritage Buildings; Minimum InterventioneISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2091

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Crandall, J. Sterling. "Commentary on Fire Safety Requirements: Circulation and Fire Safety in Buildings." Journal of Applied Fire Science 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wdvy-gx04-xq36-f2bb.

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Liu, Jian Min. "Study on Necessity and Safety Measures of Elevator Evacuation during High-Rise Building Fire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3023.

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Elevators are increasingly widely used in high-rise buildings. Because of its fast running, elevators, with great potential value and social requirements, are now days becoming very important traffic tools in high-rise buildings. However, it is an urgent problem to evacuate safely by using elevators during high-rise building fire accidents. This paper elaborates the necessity of elevator evacuation, analyzed the problem of evacuation by general passenger elevators. Some useful measures are put forward, such as fire prevention, smoke-proof, water-proof and emergency power supply for elevator evacuation during high-rise building fires. It is of great importance for us to utilize these measures for the evacuation by elevators during high-rise building fire accidents.

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Frangi, A., and M. Fontana. "Fire safety of multistorey timber buildings." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 163, no. 4 (August 2010): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2010.163.4.213.

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Cowlard, Adam, Adam Bittern, Cecilia Abecassis-Empis, and José Torero. "Fire Safety Design for Tall Buildings." Procedia Engineering 62 (2013): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.08.053.

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Schleich, J. B., and L. G. Cajot. "Global fire safety concept for buildings." Revue de Métallurgie 94, no. 1 (January 1997): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199794010129.

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Östman, Birgit, Daniel Brandon, and Håkan Frantzich. "Fire safety engineering in timber buildings." Fire Safety Journal 91 (July 2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.05.002.

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Heru Sufianto, Agung Murti Nugroho, and M Satya Aditama. "FRAMEWORK TANGGAP BENCANA KEBAKARAN GEDUNG KAMPUS." Jurnal Koridor 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v9i1.1378.

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Fires in buildings have significant impact on communities both socially and economically. In education facilities, fire incidents have potential impact on research product lost. Fire authorities, practitioners and relevant bodies have been addressed this issue partially on the points of physical aspects and management addressed to fire safety. This study seeks the importance element of a framework that should be implemented comprehensively increasing building fire protection around the clock. Physical assessment on numbers of buildings have been performed, a questionnaire seeking for occupant’s awareness and knowledge toward fire incidents have been disseminated. Meanwhile, fire disaster models from a number of campuss buildings have been reviewed. The study found 4 elements of the fire disaster framework to be considered, including: the occupant’s fire awareness, means of the building, insentives, and control.

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Sufianto, Heru, Agung Murti Nugroho, and M. Satya Aditama. "PERILAKU TANGGAP KEBAKARAN PADA BANGUNAN KAMPUS." Jurnal Koridor 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v8i1.1315.

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Fires in buildings have significant impact on communities both socially and economically. In education facilities, fire incidents may instantly wipe out valuable scientific resources that were collected in years. Fire authorities, practitioners and relevant bodies have been addressed this issue by focusing on technical engineering approaches and requirements, more than human behaviour aspect. This study seeks the importance of human behaviour as pre-active and re-active controls for protecting campus building from fires. Number of tall buildings in Brawijaya University have been investigated and a number of occupants have been filled up the online questionnaire during field survey. This study suggested the improvement fire safety awareness of occupants, meanwhile fire safety management should be introduced and implemented consistently across management system in the university.

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Choi, Doo Chan, Hak Kyung Kim, Min Hyeok Ko, In Tae Kim, and Hyun Soo Hwang. "Survey on Existing High-Rise Building Fire Safety Assessment Based on Fire Compartment and Fire Protection System Maintenance." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.4366d164.

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Advanced fire safety standards and laws are being applied to new high-rise buildings, but existing high-rise buildings are maintained and managed based on previous fire safety standards, which makes them weak to fire hazard response. This study was conducted to evaluate the survey results for the maintenance status of fire compartments and principal firefighting facilities of 157 buildings using the performance evaluation table for fire safety of existing high-rise buildings. This paper presents actual problems in the maintenance of fire compartments and firefighting facilities of existing high-rise buildings. In addition, it provides reference materials that can be used to establish policies for supplementing the fire safety performance the buildings in the future.

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Lin, Cherng Shing, Te Chi Chen, Chia Chun Yu, and Shih Cheng Wang. "Simulation and Analysis on Mechanical Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam Undergoing a Fire." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.809.

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Reinforced concrete is a common structure in buildings in Taiwan. Steel bars, concrete materials and the structural strength of the reinforced concrete deteriorate due to high temperature deriving from a fire. Therefore, it is essential to assess its structural safety and analyze whether the architectural structure will remain its design strength undergoing a fire. This study employs Fire Dynamics Simulation (FDS), fire simulation software, to construct model of thermal flow field. By integrating FDS with PHOENICS, thermal flow software, this study also calculates the effect of the fire’s thermal transmission on the building, investigates the effect of the fire size and the mode the beam undergoing a fire on change of the structural strength, and provides quantified data for safety assessment for buildings which have undergone fires.

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Prisadkov, V. I., S. V. Muslakova, D. V. Ushakov, A. A. Abashkin, and K. V. Prisadkov. "The fire safety of two-storey church buildings." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2021.30.03.65-75.

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Introduction. Two-storey church buildings, that date back to the past centuries, are usually regarded as monuments of history and architecture. Their facades cannot be changed when buildings are adapted for modern use. The ground floor of a church building is used as a warm winter church, and the first floor is an unheated summer church. The evacuation of church members from the ground floor in case of fire is organized in accordance with fire safety regulations. If the area of the upper church floor is 80…200 m2 or more, the number of people may exceed 100 people there. As a rule, the upper church has one evacuation exit, which is contrary to the fire safety regulations, that prescribe the availability of several exits from the upper church floor when the number of people there exceeds fifty. The purpose of the article is to propose fire safety amendments in respect of cultural heritage monuments, so that the acceptable number of people inside a church building, that has one exit, can exceed fifty.Theoretical foundations of amendments to fire safety regulations. Methods of flexible fire safety control, applied today, allow for the regulatory harmonization of the requirements applicable to the adaptation of immovable cultural heritage for modern use. The level of individual risk is the fire safety criterion for a two-storey church building.Substantiation of effectiveness of the fire safety system. A system of measures is proposed to ensure the fire safety of two-storey church buildings. The proposals will allow to increase the number of people on the first floor, so that it can exceed fifty. The case of a functional church is analyzed, which demonstrates methods of increasing the number of people inside it to one hundred. The results of modeling the process of evacuation from the upper church floor are presented.Conclusions. An individual risk, arising in a church building that has one exit, is analyzed, and the implementation of the fire safety criterion is substantiated. Draft amendments to the fire safety regulations have been proposed, so that the number of people inside a church building, that has one exit, can exceed fifty.

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Ming Lo, Siu. "A building safety inspection system for fire safety issues in existing buildings." Structural Survey 16, no. 4 (December 1998): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809810243220.

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Lee, Suhaeng, Dongpil Heo, and Sehong Min. "Deriving a Fire Occurrence Scenario Using Fire-Statistical Causation." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.4.101.

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According to the statistics obtained by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in 2019, approximately 40% of the buildings in the nation are buildings aged 30 or more years after completion. The Framework Act on Firefighting Services does not apply to old buildings, and they fall into a blind spot of the fire safety performance system. A large fire in a multi-dense facility causes heavy social casualties. This study therefore aimed to establish the type of fire occurrence and fire source scenario of a building for securing fire safety performance. The current fire scenario derivation method, which was identified as a causation factor among other detailed statistical factors, was analyzed to allow for differentiation from the proposed method. The base data were analyzed to establish fire response and prevention and for developing a performance-based fire-fighting design scenario by deriving a fire occurrence scenario.

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Česelská, Tereza. "Evaluation of Fire Resistance of Historical Structures." Advanced Materials Research 1057 (October 2014): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1057.155.

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During renovations of listed buildings there are changes in the use of individual spaces and therefore there is a need to solve the fire safety of the building according to valid standards and legislative requirements. As part of the fire safety of building it is necessary to prove the required fire resistance of its individual constructions. This article deals with fire resistance of structures of listed buildings with detailed focus on the design of constructions of additionally reinforced vaults.

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Liu, Dingli, Zhisheng Xu, Long Yan, and Feiyue Wang. "Applying Real-Time Travel Times to Estimate Fire Service Coverage Rate for High-Rise Buildings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 6632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196632.

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Frequent high-rise building fires have posed serious threats to urban public safety. In this study, real-time travel times extracted from online maps were applied to estimate fire service coverage rates for high-rise buildings. Firstly, the minimum fire apparatus requirement for high-rise building “at least 1 water fire truck and 1 aerial fire truck should arrive at the fire scene of high-rise building within 240 s” was proposed. Then, a dynamic estimation model of fire service coverage rate for high-rise buildings was established. To validate the model, 5146 high-rise buildings, 61 water fire trucks, and 56 aerial fire trucks in Changsha were selected as case studies. The results show that the total effective coverage rate and total average travel time in Changsha are 20.43% and 421.95 s, respectively. There are 10,840 water fire trucks and 6192 aerial fire trucks in China. Based on the average number of water fire trucks and aerial fire trucks per high-rise building, it can be estimated that the total effective coverage rate in China may not exceed 60.00%. Due to limited fire resources and frequent traffic congestion, only partial high-rise buildings can be effectively covered by fire services, whether in Changsha or China.

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Muhamad Salleh, Naziah, Nuzaihan Aras Agus Salim, Mastura Jaafar, Mohd Zailan Sulieman, and Andrew Ebekozien. "Fire safety management of public buildings: a systematic review of hospital buildings in Asia." Property Management 38, no. 4 (May 6, 2020): 497–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-12-2019-0069.

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PurposeThere is increasing recognition amongst healthcare providers on the necessity to improve fire safety management in healthcare facilities. This is possibly not yet satisfactory because of recent fire incidents in Asia. This paper set out to analyse the literature because of the paucity of systematic reviews on fire safety management of public healthcare facilities and proffer preventive measures.Design/methodology/approachThirty related studies were identified with the support of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses via Scopus and Web of Science databases.FindingsInfluencing factors, hindrances to fire safety management and preventive measures for fire-related occurrence in Asian hospital buildings were the three themes that emerged from the reviewed. The factors that influence fire in Asian hospital buildings were categorised into technical, management and legislation factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe recommendations of this paper were based on literature that was systematically reviewed but does not compromise the robustness concerning fire safety management in hospital buildings across Asian countries. Much is needed to be known regarding fire safety in healthcare buildings across Asian countries. This paper recommended exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach as part of the implications for further studies. This will allow in-depth face-to-face interviews and increase the generalisability of future findings concerning fire safety management in hospital buildings across Asian countries to a larger population.Practical implicationsAs part of the practical implications, this paper recommends fire safety management plan as one of the practical possible measures for addressing technical, management and legislation factors. Also recommended is training and fire safety education of healthcare staff in collaboration with safety firefighters to address major issues that may arise from management factors. The government should upgrade the safety technology equipment in healthcare facilities as part of measures to mitigate issues concerning technical and legislation factors. Also, the identified factors are part of the theoretical contributions to the advancement of knowledge and this brings to the front burners new opening.Originality/valueThis is probably the first systematic review paper on fire safety hospital buildings in Asia.

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Wang, Ting, Mu Hao Du, Yong Fu Tang, and Qi Zhang. "An Analysis on the Fire Model and the Safety Evacuation Based on BIM." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2386.

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With the increasing number of domestic buildings, the importance of safety evacuation in case of fire in the buildings has been aware. Taking a certain public building as the research subject, the author of the thesis imports the 3D model processed by Revit software into such softwares as Pyrosim and Building Exodus by which the 3D model is converted into the Fire model and the Evacuation model, then conducts the analysis of safety evacuation via the evacuation software according to its detailed description of the fire. The analysis results are compared with the fire in time,then optimize the building model in order to achieve the safety requirements.The appliance of the BIM model into the practice of safety evacuation in buildings is considered as the manifestation of the data-orientation and visualization of the BIM model, and it would provide the future practice of evacuation with significant guidance

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Iringová, Agnes, and Dominika Vandličková. "Restorations of Historic Buildings Considering the Fire Safety in Model Solutions." Key Engineering Materials 808 (June 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.808.145.

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The paper deals with the theoretical analysis of physical, structural, and layout determinants affecting the design and restoration of historic buildings in terms of fire safety. Legislative requirements for fire safety of historic buildings in the Slovak Republic. Definition of the construction and layout limits in architectural solutions in model buildings in terms of optimizing the original function within the valid legislation. Construction possibilities considering the protection of building elements at higher fire load and layout changes in structures built to the original trusses.

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Wang, Yaw Long, and Chi Min Shu. "Small Problem, Big Crisis: A Study on the Importance of Fire Separation in Tall Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1062–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1062.

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Risk is a concept that denotes the probability of the occurrence of dangers. The factors that generate fires and dangers are numerous, and always emerge in unapparent places. Once these factors are identified, a fire accident would happen and lead to great loss. For the fires happening in tall buildings that caused immense loss, the function of planned fire separation system was destroyed because the users had weak fire prevention concepts. One of the typical examples is the fire that happened and spread over Don-ke Building in Sijhih City, Taipei County, Taiwan. Based on the damage prevention concepts of property insurance agents, the study focused on the importance of the fire prevention management in tall buildings. The other part that was paid attention to is the Fire Safety Building strongly encouraged and propelled by the Architecture and Building Research Institute of Ministry of the Interior, with which the study conducted an investigation on fire risk management.

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Yu, Chia Chun, Shih Cheng Wang, Cherng Shing Lin, and Te Chi Chen. "CFD Application for Performance Based Safety Verification of Reinforced Concrete Beam in Computer Simulation Building Fire." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.190.

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More than 90% of the buildings in Taiwan use reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Before or after fire damage, whether the RC structure accord Performance Based Design (PBD) fire code or safe evaluation are important in building fire protection verification. However, obtaining fire thermal parameters detailed quantitative data from building fire tests or actual building fires are difficult. Therefore, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) integration to simulate fire scenarios has been widely utilized in fire protection engineering. This study utilizes Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) fire model and PHOENICS field model software to simulate fire development and beams inner temperature variation. The structural strength estimated using beam cross-sections temperature to investigate dynamic ultimate bending moment (Mu) of RC beams. This integration method can investigate the influence of different beam positions, fire intensity, fire duration and fire damage sustained (two or three faces heated) for RC beams fire protection safe verification.

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Tsys, O. P. "Fires and Fire Safety Measures in Churches of Tobolsk North during the Synodal Period (1722-1917)." Nauchnyy Dialog, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-421-434.

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The results of a study on the extent, causes and measures of combating fires in churches in the north of the Tobolsk diocese in the XVIII - early XX centuries are presented in the article. Sources indicate “large” fires in Berezov and Surgut and few in rural parishes, and, as a rule, they indicate the destruction of church buildings and the futility of public efforts to prevent the fire element. The destruction of churches from fire is presented as a common cause of rebuilding of parish buildings in the 18th century. It is noted that the main cause of the fires was the careless handling of fire by church servants when burning stoves. Fire safety measures are characterized by the adoption of relevant legislative norms and administrative orders, monitoring of building codes and the repair of irregularities made during the construction of churches, and the spread of fire insurance. It is indicated that the state tried to involve not only the police, but also the population in the fight against fires. It is concluded that, despite the efforts made, the fire department in the territory of the region remained at a low level and did not allow to successfully confront the fire element.

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Proulx, Guylène, Chantal Laroche, and John C. Latour. "Audibility Problems with Fire Alarms in Apartment Buildings." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 15 (October 1995): 989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901505.

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A previous study of apartment building evacuation drills showed that as many as 25% of the occupants mentioned not hearing the fire alarm from inside their apartments. A new experiment was developed to observe evacuation drills and to measure the sound level of the fire alarms in three high-rise apartment buildings. These buildings, built during the 1980's, met the local building regulations regarding the provision of fire alarms at the time of construction. Each building contained approximately 200 apartments, with 1 to 4 persons per apartment. For each building, the printed fire safety procedures stated that all occupants should leave the building or move to an area of refuge, upon hearing the building fire alarm. During each evacuation drill, video cameras, were located in corridors and staircases, to record the movement time and behaviour of occupants. Using a digital audio tape recorder, precise sound samples of the fire alarm and background noise were taken from different locations in the buildings. Analyses of the alarm sound spectrum and levels were performed. Results confirm the subjective assessment of occupants who mentioned not hearing the fire alarm in specific locations of the building. It was also found that, in some other areas, the alarm was overpowering. The impact of alarm audibility on fire safety is discussed.

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Su, Joseph. "FIRE SAFETY OF CLT BUILDINGS IN CANADA." Wood and Fiber Science 50, Special (August 13, 2018): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2018-044.

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Kaplan, Marilyn E. "Considering Fire-Safety Improvements to Historic Buildings." APT Bulletin 34, no. 4 (2003): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504865.

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FRANGI, Andrea, Mario FONTANA, and Markus KNOBLOCH. "Fire safety concept for tall timber buildings." IABSE Congress Report 17, no. 13 (January 1, 2008): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137908796292696.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire safety of buildings'

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